Lucknow Sentinel, 1887-04-08, Page 7'
CEYLON
1
a.
Thet ColOnial and lndiaal
• ,
. tion, 1886. •
(EssnY bY.Thomas 0:Watkins.) •
•
The Island of Ceylon—known in the, re-
•• :mote ages at different periods of its history'
Sarendib, TaProbane and Lanka—lies
between 5 deg. .53 min. and. 9 deg.
Zl min, north latitude and 79 deg.
42min. and 81., deg. 55 min. east
:longitude; lying southeast of the southern
extremity of Hindustan and separated from
• it by Palk Straits; which is a narrow °hen -
•'net, only available for vessels of light
• draught. .The. Portuguese were the first
.Europeans who settled on this island and
• held possession of a portion of it film early
• in the sixteenthto the middle of the seven -
nth century. :The Dutch dispute'cl the
sseasion of it with the Portuguese, and in
AO. 1656, finally expelled the Portuguese
'fibre the island and continued to govern the
, maritime Provinces ,for 140 years, while
the ' Central or Kahdyan provincial re.
• Mained under their native rulers..The Eng-
• listiintiirndieputed the Dutch possession
• .of the island, and in 1796 the last strong,
hold of the Dutch at Colombo capitulated
to the English, and the inland became part
•• -64,the British possessions in the. Eastern
'neas. The Kandyan •, monarelis.fitilL con-.
'tinned to rule in the interior, until in 1815
the King of Kandy was ultimately deposed,
• and the whole island brought under the
• -Crown Colony 'system of Government, of
: :Which it is at present the largest and most
''conipletely organized representative. The
' entire area of the island:- is about
one-sixth less than that of Ireland and
contains 25,365 square miles. the
extreme length is V1 miles, and
the entire breadth 137 miles. At the close
of 1885 thepopulation was 2,825,00fh ._, The
proportion of Europeans to natives is less
than two per thousand. The natives are
es, follows : 1,920,000 Sinhalese,
• - .divided t687,000 • Tirillic-182;000-MOortnen; --other
•:native races, 13.000; Burghers, or natives
European descent, '18,000 Europeans,
• 5,000. The Veddahe are supposed to be 4;
,reirintint 01. •
THE asonionms OY crimox.
Bo tree, which still flourishes. Major
Forbes, in hie work entit1p1 `,!PinVelilreara
In Ceylon," states that in the reign of
King .DeVenamPYa Tina, wbia4 =4-
ulenced 807 33.04 AnnradhaPnra received
the collar -bone of the Gitutame. Buddha,:
his begging dish filled with reli.es, and a:
their, wante can always be satisfied by a
few hope' telling with the most .primitive
aPnlianeee- The Sinhalese are, however,
mostly an agricadttnal race, and .*he vett
Majority of them are engaged in tilling the
soil- Tho etnpendous,'worke commenced
500 years B.C. and zontinued by sucoessiVe
•
01
branclia the, Bo tree...under wrnuu ,of Ceylon in th,o, conatritetten
• innumerable reservoirs or tanks•for storing
tained Buddhahood. ,Tins ..brano , being
planted, has -flourished for nearly 2,200:
years, and *now considered to be the most
Ancient tree in, theworld. of 'which there is
any !nth!** record. It. is .held tobo.
sacred throughOnt,the Buddhist World, and:
is the goal ' of many a long ;pilgrimage.
:Even the fallen, leaves are treasured up by
'the pilgrims and carried to distant -lanai.
There are about three•Afths,or, pay, 1,700,-
000 of the population, which are Buddhists.
Colombo,, On the. 'iientliWetit - const;in the
capital of the Wand now; with a population
of .• nearly • 124000. A. breakwater was
recently Completed, under the .snpervision,
of Sir I.- COOdf3i', at, S. cost . of £650,090,
which affords amide, protection to ships of
the largest size, which can he there new in:
safety throughout the heaviest ' monsoon.
It has thus become a first-class port, and
from its unsUrpassed,'geogiaphical position
'it is destined to become the -great ;centre of
'the commerce oftheEastern7iaeas.:7-Colo .
holies, 2,500' trOM. Aden,: 600, miles from
Madras, 900.•ntilea",frona•. Bombay, '1,400
from Calcutta, 1,600, trona Singapine..and
distant from Hong Kong and from
WesternAustralia. Before : tbe.ennstritc.:- ..CeYlon,... thus enabling,the Governme
tandertake the construed.= of railways, and
''Pir ' --. - -- - '
tion of the Colombo breakwater,. Oalle, on
intersect the island with splendid reads and
the -south coed, was the pert Of 'Call for the
bridges,. is the extensive :coffee Plantatilnid
Mail steamers, lint the •natural 'harbor of in the hill distriets. Nearly ono -fifth of the
_the island is 'Trincomalee, on the northeast
island is comprised in tbe hill, or mountain
coast. This his :been for many years, the
' Majefity'n ships, on the am*. Tim higheet peek or the range is
rendezvong Of Her
East Inch13idu-rntalagain'' which bigh'
Indian station, and still remains so ;
Ihe most interesting
it is easy Of aces in any kind Of weather, nna 'beet known is
m
:Adain!s Peak. ' The majority, of the plan -
and .•hisa,..., a safe, . ao,,, most niagnificent
of tatient lie at•an elevation. of between 2,000
anchorage. Wo turn to, the 'Products
the weed .now,.. and gndtuatin aneient and 5,000: feet , above the sea, where' the
Climate is well nigh • perfeetion, and the
ticket , Ceylon. was known as ,the land of luxury of the planter's bungalow, With its
'pearik . and preciOns stones. 7The search
for genie-ISOM Continued actively, and the European comforts, surreunded by roses'
Wine' Ot those%''aise•overed idconsiderable.. and &animas, With, English fruits. • and
viigettibles;Can*beMestjtistly,apPreciatect
This' mining • and that for. plurnbago *hi
after the heat, of a journey from. Colombo
'bilge or graphite mines are worked largely like cien
*; to the hill stations.' The coffee plant. is not,
timen, indigerimis to: Ceylon; 'hilt
entirely in the hands Of, the natives- Pinot-
in the western. provinceThe, product id
the United States, 'Where itis used in the
:Britain . and *theta Werelew"native-shamletelormerly-in
the low conntry. Who, heel not, a few coffee
exported principally to'Great
minufaCture of:pencils, erueiblea and 'Port', bushes growing around their doors;.. but it
w.e,a not Until about : '1830 that European
able furitaceir.• ,There were 12,000 toned'
enterprise Was
plumbago mined and (nip:Cited in 1882. The tioof co
first directed to the.,eultiii-
,pecia fisviry; though . deogerotio aria an:. rr.ffee in the island. Since then it
:has been Carried on with . va,rYing suCces.s.
certain, is in. fortunate Stasi:ma I valuable
until 1875, when the export of 'coffee reached
item inthe exports of the country. In the
last : -,...,,, ,..,;• ,, . , : • , • • ,. . nearlY 1,0.00,000 cWts., representing et'tlie
• .
• . • '
riding prie.es then about 15,009,000 eterling.
SUCCESSFUL riain, risme SEASON,
.The eatedieively large on the,capital
in 1884' the ..,shOre . Of the .:GOVericrle7nt invested drove forestland up to ettrava.•
itraounted to £59,900. Theseus primitive gant prices, 'and croviii iahas; at an upset
system, Of .' gathering. the ' pearl oysters *price of a Wind an acre, sometimes '961d at,
units, . as perhaps Noah or . some of. his auction at from £20t0 £24 an acre. • ' This
Sone mny - _ have ''s practiced. ' , :When' mad land fever did not .continne long un -
the• ." Superintendent"' . reports an oyster checked. In 1878.49 thecoffee bushes ,suf.-
bed fit • : for : ' fishing,'.,:, GoVerninent :fered train the effects of it fungi's known as
proclaims a fishery to commenceon- a given a, leaf disease " So. severely that the crop'
day, by that date .the. arid, • and at ether was greatly diminished, andtheidantershe,
Umtata deserted coast -land at On the ge.n to turn their attentionto other trope
northwest coast, Wean the appearance:ofa better , adapted to the climate and soil.
hustling tong', filled with .people of varione Cinchona and teaheve 'each been Cultivated'
Moog and oecupittions--moluding divers successfully, but the planters" leek., to tea
and boatmen, from the coast of Coromandel, now as the great prospective source of their
pearl merchants• :fiena 'India, . China ami'future' wealth,. the cultivation of Which
Malaya,: with a nuniereue, crowd Of pearl will; they think, retricnie their.. fortunes
'dealers and traders of ell clogged- ready to and, : bring - back ..prosperity to ' the
turn anhonest' penny if noesible. ' A Island: There .. • were . over .. 1011,090
limited number .of :hoitte and divers are agree :of tea plants under cultivation in
-licensed - every oy'ster is getliered-.1ay the 4877, and ,. the export. Of tea has :risen
already from 2;105 lbs.. then to 9;000;600 in
1886. Theprespeat 'is 80 bright etrpreeent
that planters are digging. Up,. large, ,planta-
tions of coffee bindles, and planting tea: in
their: ,places. It is expected that 'within
six years the etperttition bites Will reach
40,000;000.11S. ' Neeountry can boast of a.
better• supply et lab:inns; ;who:. are . chiefly,
brought, :froth .._Inclif. The. Sinhalese
peasants excellent , domestic servants;
they,are geed at chopping doWn trees and
elearing. . jungles, also ' in, digging for
irrigation purposes,- ` and ' Works 'enforced
under ' the Village' ;Communities Act, but
very few of them will undertake the 'routine'
work of labor on'the plantations. ' ' , Ceylon
has therefore become favorite resort of
immigrante, 'frOtn ', 'the . Malabar, and
Coromandel' coasts, . Whe, floCk,. Over in
thousands and settle on the estates. !There
are iio unneeessary restrictions, , and .the
corning and going these laborers are Made
as free and easy' as possible... Publie" rest
houses" ..habospitals:are. provided by ,the
Government at easy, distances *along the
Central road ' running '1 rom , ,Kancly : to,
Jaffna; by which most of the immigrants
•find their. way to the plantations. In years
,
,When ' • • • -
the rainfall for irrigation purposes testify
to the great importance attached. purposes,
agri-
culture in ancient times. • The great tank
of Kitlawewa , submerged an area -of over
'forty miles in circumference. The retain-
ing '0‘ bond " or earthwork is more than,
twelve miles in length, with a thickness of
300 feet at the base. The Legislature has
for "tome years voted considerable sums
annually from the general revenue for
the repaironaintenance and improvement,
of these tanks, and to smaller works, thris
greatly promotingthe interest and hapPi-
nese of the rural population. , The Sinha-
lese farmers have confined their labors lately
t� the production of staple,articles of food,
such as rice arid ether cereals, -.cocoa,
gardenia of arekti, palms,
CINNAMON, COFFEE, FEGETAELES AND ittlilt*S,
such- as pla.ntains, pine apples, custard
apples, mangoes oranges, limes, nielons,
bread fruit; ea. • The motarproaperons
branch of „farming caperations„ however,
and that which has been the greatest
stimulant to the prosperity and progress of
levied, On the 14Earraok (spirit) ,thft .44* of her
from:the. gar, eXePeclir .41.10;000: With. A niereliiiiitnieli 'and vow OfittkkitOp4
fix04,44enpmatkm'f* the,Part of the ;O.*, thel)44404. Ohm *Wens of booms, and
Legislature ,contiOne, Without. interritp, other .iiinitinerahle mitinifacteriea to the,
tion an emnital grant from, thc.priblic fanda. inhabitants of ,every clime, and 'bringing.
for tharestoration of, the ancientirrigation. back in retnril.. the varied :
works andtlanninnke 'Ceylon again, hide, every ,to minister
pendent to •the
of .fereign importation :of rice, wants, • and the luxuries or :the :hogs
with a eimilar determination to push the of creation, readmit on that little island in
railway epitaph into the . heart. of the the far western seas,, whom °wear ,fonna
planting 'districts,. se as, to give. cheap-, eurroundingtheir,Drnidical altars.. offering
and easy transport to the seaboard, this op human sacrifices to •..their gods. What
'beautiful 416par-from. its -grand geographi hes brought: about such an gtetOnishMg
'Oat position, its .001100 harbor accomme- change? Such a complete, metamorphoei5.
dation. and healthy climate -,4s destined to in their habits, their litres, their thonghte,
receive again its ancient F-00'*iia We, actiOng,? The Rible—lhat Book of
" ThoPearl on the Brow of ; or, God, applied to : the OP,
Lanka, the Resplendent." Resplendent," Om Ceylon sciencee of the mastet of the people of that .
COurt,.occupying the . western,- end of the insignificant, little, island, inispiring, them
Korth,CourtLis, 150 feet long by 50 feet with 'supreme love to God, And love, for •
Wide. The deninefianer°41--tlin for theintelVes-7- -
roof ',of the .court, in 'Which ' yellow, the hag stimulated the race to grand. and nohlo
.eitared color of 'Biaddhisna,--predoniinatee, efforts, many., being- willing and ready to •
.are strictly Sinhalese, in their character., saCrifine their lives ordent • rescue their
,The dab round the court reaches nineleet fellow-createres f • m the' sla ry Of Pin and
high above, the floor; it is 0111SMShted: lead theID to the lel ; st. The religion
I • a
With repregentatiorie of the ,:mythologiCal taught by our Saviour does not cone* in
animals—the: elephant, lion, bull, 'horse precition. is tbe sword tbat,
and gociiiens. they ,appear sculptured on must slay intemperance. It is the hanuner
ruined monuments in thp ancient !Aries Of which mist kill , infidelity, .It is the power
colon Higher' up, , a...frieze, ' yard in that intuit raise the world, ' .• •
Width is coVered,Witlitinhalesepaintinge-
depleting scans ot the More popular birth
'etories Of Buddha.; the frieze As.
sur-
mounted by t an ornamental cresting.
and . depending...,frern_the„reeftplate.' are
fringed draperies. , The Galatians Buddha -
or Buddhist god, is represented on the. Wee
wall of the want, ftionig.the entrance,' by a
figine in alto reliepo ten feet high, Heated in
the Conventional attitude- Of contempla-
tion. . Beneath the figure of Buddha, on
either 'side , Of the word " Ceylon,?' are re-
presentations of the Buddhist, the Bun
and moon; The gateway at the west end
(Atli° court is conspicuous for beautiful
caivings ; relief, °sedated. in ebony,
cocoanut 'and tamarind, Which are amongst
the principal cabinet **Pods' of Ceylon. Through their members.' have testified to
This gateway is thefoo,simile of one Carved. the great efficacy Pntnain'a Painless
in stone at Yipahn, an ancient royOl resV Corn Extractor. ;It : provOliee : no ' line of
demarcation, securing alike: the geed, i411 -9-f
dente of the -Sinhalese 'monarchs:" The
porch through which the court is entered at the highest and the MOO Itainble;,and with -
its eastern end. is of teak wood, and :Wes strict impartiality, reineiingl.. With equal
built, hy'SinhatesemtirkinenAn-'041can ;- velerity„the,corns. each. Try.. Putnam's. .
the'7,PillitreH - -their.2elaborate: :CornExtriteter. : • •
carvings being faithful representations., of .
portions of the King's Audience. :Hail'. at , Sinai, Sir Charles Dilke inherited a. tor- '
lIandy. The ,floor. is laid in, Ornamental tune from akinsman:bearing :the nitine of •
mosaic Work, The wall which flanks the Snooks, Much Inn has been piled thereat,' ,
peoreh each' side. (as Well"DS that 'Outside Yet " Sfisielcswwas originally " Sevenoaks '
the court, between it anc101dLonden)have and there' are ' families in England now
been .:.designed to represent. as. nearly Spelling their . haine " Sevenoaks" and. :
possible the massive walls *which surround ,pronenncing it "Snooks." is Chinned ,
the Dalai' Maligawa (or: Buddhist vTeniiale hreitentuation of the name. ". Sniggia" that
of the Sacred Teeth) end. other • structures,' it is Only a ,corruption of ." Sevenacree."...
both religious' and. secular, in Kandy. In
-the open Space lietaTeen the Ceylon Court Franklin Hinkley; Of Fail Mountain, is . •
and • Old 'London and %facing the, Indian good inbject for the hair restorers. !,- He was .,
palace it the Ceylon Tet House,. which ill for laomii time ith disease Cal the sidne,,
meg a vivid idea of. the style. of .Sinhalese and .the hair of hie head, beard, moustache. ,
timber. architecture. It stands : . upon a eyebrows endeYeltshedall • citme . Out, ,and "
raisedterrtice the. floor of Which is .h4fd there :sig. no. prospect • of,u, itareturn., He *
witbornamenital tilos ; the south side and wotild make. good:, photograph to be
vvest end of the building are beautifully labelled " Bei*. tieing:"
decorated withoiceedingly effective mural .
tiling The. frieze ornaments • are, .Core- .•,..111essrs.Hatriseir Bros., Hanailton,•write:
posed of ,of the leaves andAdoliscime Of the "We find' sale of McCollom's, 'Bhenpuitie .
tea plant, and those in the band above . the Repellant increasing and it gives the very
best Of satisfaction as'a curo. for rheumatic
•
affeetionif!''. • t•
, The men :eintployed gatharing..spidere
silk near Bhira Teel,: India, are supplied
With Enna: sticks' with Which . they, select
theelean *eh* The total -*eight of the: .
Webs collected during one season' does not,
exceed 10 . petinds.• ,The silk waned :
around the sticks, from which it is removed
by:inimmion in hot Water. • . -
In 'Ciinsequenr,e of news from the Governor ,
of Herat that the Governor. of Turkestan:: •
has Ordered .Iskander Khan with 12,000
men to. surprise Herat,: the Aineer of
Afghanistan has ordered 10,000. Men tole: :•
.in readiness , to "reinforce. the troops at
*Herat; The Aineer has ososea the.behead., ' •
ing_et Sapid,' the fither.in4atv of the *late '
'chief of Kohietain, hatiog:_:discovered that .
Sayad was in commtmicatien. with Ayoob .
. The sentry On guard it the powder maga.
zine in Chadian' dockyard noticed a: man .,
• .
lurking about the magazine ; on Saturday
The -man not ; replying to chal- •
lenge, the sentry. bayonetted ,hinv tho
thigh. He was found to. be an employee
named Clarke and was sent to ah/hespital
to be detaineclas a suspect. •
'They, ho.Ve no, fixed habitations, roaming
•. about the forests of the southern and
"eaStern. provinces; living in caves and
'trees: Their dialect. is •-.different
• from the Sinhaleselanguage, and.they have
very little intercourse With each other.
The • Maldive Arehipelago, is a group of
coral islets, sparsely inhabited by race of
Sinhalese origin, 'speaking a broken dialect
, Sinhalese. It is tributary to Ceylon,
and the, Sultan sends an ambassador
. .
•
there' annually. These islands are
difficult of access, and intercourse With
-them is quite limited. An interesting
ethnological collection from. these islands
'
was exhibited in the Ceylon court of the
• Exhibition, C'eylon it decidedly healthy
' for a tropical' country; from • its insular
position the climate contrasts favorably
with that Of India. , There are no extremes
of temperature, ,and throughout the loW'
country the thermometer varies but little
the year round.' The mean temperature at
Colombo is nearly 810 Fahrenheit. There
. is, _however, considerable difference in the
daily temperature in the hill districts. The
• cc:latest months are December and ,January;
the Warniest-.are 'March, April and May.
E Tennant who resided' on the island
• A Profitable Investment .
Cao be made in a pistol card, if it is Aped to send
your address on to Hallett & Co., Portland,
who can furnish you work that you can
do-aii&live_athonie. Wherever/nu are locittla ;"
few there are who cannot earn cover $5 per -day,
and some have made over $50. Capital not re-
quired; you are started free. Either sox; ail
ages. All particulars free.
A Short Walk.
'What in office starts out to seek the Man
it does not have sufficient exercise to give it
an appetite.—San Francisco Alta. '
, 'rite Learned Societies
Sir • for Years as Lieutenant -Governor, in his hand of the diver, no dredgeor instrument
interesting, and valuable work on tho.
colony, writes: "There is no island in the,
world, . Great • Britain itself not
excepted; that has attracted the at.
tention of authors in so many distant
, ages, and .so pony different countries, as
;•-•-•CeYlon.• There is no nation in ancient. or
Inoderritiines Possessed Of a language or;
literature, the writers of vrhich have not at.
44 -
otany . kind is used. e
exacts two-thirds of all the oysters gathered.
for royalty; which are sold by, public action•
at the close Of the days' fishing. The mann-
facture of Salt still ,remitins a Government
monopoly and producei .a , Pre& of from
no,00p to mooaper annum. The salt is
sold by the Government at four shillings and
eightpence per hundred weight. This
. .
some time --ma eir•theme....Iteaspeott: monopoly, like very nianyheavy duties Am,
its religion its antiquities and productions posed by our present wasteful-and...extra-
b described by classic. Greeks as vagant Government on numerous prime
necessaries of life, which compels thousands
well as by those of the lower Empire, by
the Romans, by the writers of China; Bur-
ma' India ,and Cashmere, by the geogra-
phers of Arabia and Persia, by the medico-
,
ii
,val -voyagers of Portugal and France, by the eiceesivelyhigher duties, w I
l•sts Of Portugal and Spain, by the eo lewhe wear fine gbodado not pay as
of the poorer classes of our people to su er
On account of their coal, their clothing, their
woolen and cotton goods being taxed with
• . . . .
merchants and the adventurers of Holland,
. and by the travellers and topographers
• Great Britain.". Tennantqa own enthusi-
asticdescri tion of the island is suranaed
•,
lion it is approached, unfolds a scene
loveliness and grandeur unsurpassed, if it
' rivalled; by any land in the universe.
traveller from Bengal, leaving' behind
'the melancholy delta of the 'Ganges,: and
the torrid coast of Coromandel, or 'the
adventurer from, Europe recently. inured
4,
high duties on different articles consumed
by •them exclusively. • Oh! we hope to have
en honest Government soon; then Ottawa
will be forsaken by a little army of land
up thus " Ceylen,-froin whatever .direc- grabbers, boodlers, bribers an , .
• • •
NO more rebellions, then, for _there wille
an honest 'Government , power, which.
will keep faith', with our red meri, and will
not, with cruelty unheard ofi.stcurve them to
death,. and deprive the halt -breeds* of their
lands. Heavy taros on the cOmmen neces-
Seribeof life. are admitted by allhonest poll:.
' • DAMN OF LOTUS riotvaus,..
In each of the four.:.,side bays it a framed
Painting on tiles, thesubjects being a vie*
of Celombo• from the talither; Strathellie
Estate, factory and, bimgalcivr Galboda
Estate, Showing •the Oriental 'process . of
Weighing tea and 'a view of • Devon Estate,.
Dnnabula, showing bungalow and.waterfall.,
Upon the wall there is'. a !painting repro -
senting a Tamil girl 'picking tea: * The
woodwerkliat been painted .and decorated
teharnionite with the architeeture; yellow
being the predoininating Color, relieved' by
red, which has . adopted for the calor
of the .clevices painted thereon. , . Seven
Sinhalese men were brought • Over from.
Ceylon to the Exhibition Of these lour
Were :crapleyed as attendants % on Mistomers.
at the Ceylon-Teir-Ilouser.-ancl-they-en4,--
douhtedly formed 'one )of its most attrac-
tive features. .They . were typical sped:
'nients of the low7conntry Cinhalese; and
wore their national costumes. Their habit
'of ,wearing combs intheir hair; which was
tied in a knot at the back of their heads,. is
.the height of fashion Ceylon, anda. curi-
ens characteristic ' of that. country. ' The
chief man of the party, . a. goldsmith by
trade; Winialaturendia, is one of the most
expert workmen at .his trade to be found.
in Ceylon, and na ',such has been honored.
'by the GoVerninent with the •native rank
of Miiiiauclireinef his caste.. Two of there
•are carpenters, having been specially•
Selected for their great ability in their pre- •
feadien; the most of :the duperier carving
exhibited, in Cabinet woods and in pluin-
hage, was executecthY them. 'Ceylon made
a most imposing •,:display of her veil:One'
productions, Of which the, under-minied are
a few: Natural Ojeda, such as:nres..and
Minerals, ' building 'Stones; ',gems, pearls,
pearl oysters; corals, horns -.,.'tuAks and
hunting •• trciPhies. &acid Pre:duets,. ,such
as • rice, tea, 'coffee, cocoa, vides, paddy,,
dry grains; . starches, ,jafna tbOaa,
sugar,jaggety, arrack and runi,,preterves
and picklesbeehe-de,mer?' edible birds'.
nests; dried fish, salt; drugs and medical
substance as Ma. cinchona bark, niediCinal
:prepitratione ond native medidimil plants
'and medicines; iritiff products and, manu-
factures consisting of seeds and elle;
essential Oils; resins and •
CiIIMSi '0E,f4:AND OFR STUFFS,' • .
'tanning Suhstariees, fibres and ropes; cetteh
and silk, mats •:and basket •work, • tbribers
and 'cabinet woods, tobacco and cigars,'
india. rubber; products of the cocoanut
palm and prednets of the. bow country
estates. 'Meow! of transport, such as ear-
riaged and carts, boats, agricultural kook-.
ments, etc.. Art works of jewellery;
;gold and silverivate, '1:netal, ware, carved
work , ivory, ebony, cOconnut, shell and
tortoise ellen ; porenpine quill Work,
hiepier Work, , • pottery; " furni.;.
tine and arias. Fine' arts, censieting of
paintings, tdrawings, ;photographs. Maris
and plant, hooks, staiiipts,,etc, . Ethnology
wai,repreSented: by :Biuldhist , articles,
Vedda prodnetierit, Medels,ef iiativeV, and
of, native diesdee, nutekia, Musical itistru-
inenter Maldive. collections, ete. .Wheri we
thish, of Britain's vast dependeticies,:of the
litindreds of milliens of people of nearly all .
rates; and inhabiting nearly all, climates,
we are leato think, • for what object the
: intiviansAn: NEatarrit Alled-SS.Son race has )4011 raiSOct 141,to the
in the daily life otthe inland , pdpiiiatidni.
very pinnacle tih.ido.; Of therm and of
.,while the exportd Of the oil, Copra and fibre 'religious potveV,' • With 'ilia. coIOniee
exeeed '£700,000 in 'vein° annually;' and encircling the globe with her language
the riArdillle' deiriVijd,frOrn- tiae,„exeise_dnty '04,0 on every shore, With every ;sea -on.
•
be' ---
to-the sands of Egypt and: the scorching tical economists as unjust, an can y.
•ai.adlands of Arabia, is alike entranced by ' *justified hy the absolute necessity of mis-
t*, .visian Of beauty which expands before ,ing money to build public' workii,. Which
na, as the island rises froth the sea, itslofty 'wilt benefit -the great MasseEtof the people
-Mountains Covered by luxuriant forests, and in greater degree than the high taxes will
its shores; "till they Meet the ripple • of the injure thein; as in the pregent, instance ini
' *twee, bright with thefcilinge of perpetual Ceylon, where; if the circumstances of the
• •
• spring." The speed and comfort with country were such as to ina.ke it. Possible
which a trip to Ceylon can he made new on for the Government to dispense with the'
the ' - -' , • • itivamit nsuivan imam THE MONOPOLY',
• . • .ailectircsarr sinacsuirs
on. that, , line :.:induce many besides the relation betWeenthe general revenue
' merchants and *liters to visit this most and the requirements of the island is inich
.
• .•• interesting island. Those . m search ' it would be difficult to abandon • the
'
charming tropical tropical scenery and vegetation, revenue derived from salt,: tvithoot at the
' the lovers of arcluchlogy, the naturalist or mine tine giving up the 'execution of yrib-
. - '.Sportsinitriit wll each reap, a rich reward, hayforks Of vitalimliktance to the country,
. .
and filia ample scope for their enterprise,for opening ma cormininieatione . ifittli the.
. wen repaying the , titne • and trouble interior, so Ss to give a 1u:11', 'equivalent te
of , the journey. . The , scenery and the farmers by greatly reducing . the, ex -
vegetation are rich ', ' in : . all that Poise 'of the transportation of their
.delightetlie eye, while no country in the' produce to . the•• markets of ,'' the'
t „*Orld on boast oi a more Varied and beau- rld The impertance of this course of
• tifut insect life ib occupy and delight the• ,
naturalist.' Alepliants, leopards, wild:but-
• !facies, -bears; wilcl boars, ,.deer of many
varieties, With enipe , and other Wild foivi
1E1.4, profusion, will supply oeetipation for
• the sportsman% ' TO ' the arcluoblogist the
' ratnyruined citiet, with their stone carving
, arid clear, dose -cut inficriptione, offer
• almost endless variety andintense inter-:
eiat: Arriongetthe numerous :ell ruins of
the Chide, Which flourished' thousands of
, years ago, Whets the most wonderful are,
' those .of P011tainatuni and Auradhapurit
7,* in the centre of the island. The latter was
, the Chosen capital of King Panduk Ah-
laya, 487/13. 0,, aril Continued to be
capital,fr,twelv,e centuries. ,...Anelent 'hid.
....toriane say ' that the outer walla: Of that
'city enclosed. 260 scitiare miles, and was
COMpletCd in the %rat century of the Chrie-
,. :thin era, _Nettling but the rums with their
interesting rec,orda 'in:Stone ' and - the , large
Dagithem now remain, except tho. soared the inhabitarita of which ,are riving,
— ,
it would be done away- with ' at once, but
Procedure may ibe realized from the fact
that, until a comparatively recent date, of the kbow parts of ..theualancl.. The liquor
there 'were districts in the island where the he drinks is distilled fronil Its sap, the ker.
cost of trarispeit added fully 200 percent. nel of thenut is necessary for ithe in his
to the price ehargedhy the Government for daily curry, the milk of the nut lathe bey -
salt at the seaboard. pold • and easter erage offered to every visitor; his lamp
is
'mining; and *ivory and to-X6ite shell work fed by the oil it produces ; his fishing nets
are himortant native industries, as aro also are manufactured from its fibre, as is also
making pottery, rests', fans and wood -eery= the rope wherewith he restrains Int goat
nig. The beautiful ,woods indigenous to or Cow from straying away, whilethe raft
the Wand give great ',scope to the ingenious eras. of his house, the • thatch of the roof
native carvers and cabinet makers; the and the Window -blinds are made froth
'most valuable woods are eboilY,Sittiri weed, its leaf and wood. • . The extensive cultiva-
calamo,nder, jak; nedici,7 pilaf; 'lied -Weed. tion of this pahri and its immense 'value to
and. hithuilla. The exhibits. of these woods, the 8;060;000 islanders, and to the outside
`n the Ceylon COMA are very interesting; Id 'ma he. gathered' from the facts
and will te ay an inspection. There are already named, that, its various litodiletd
enorniout quantitiee of fish frequenting
the shores ' of the itdand. 091)65 iahY
in the sciuthwest . and north, Provinces,
which are thickly , peopled, • and have the
'appearance of 'on, alined -endlefatIvillage; 00
•
' huntaort OF -COFFEE OE TEA'
, .
are abundant, as mime as 150,000 'Coolie
laborers will 'migrate to Ceylon in mie
year and return to: their 'lath% villages
after the crops ,ctre. harvested to spend the
money they have earned-iri-4-proxiding •for
their 'families, and then at the approach of
:the next harvest imniigrating again to
help to save it. In addition to coffee, ein-
chime' anct tea, cops.* beeoming :an .ina-•
portant item on many Of the plantations,,
and the quality produced is very superior.
India rubber, tapioca, vanilla and other
tropicalr are so successfully
oauet • •al
grown on many properties, 'The extensive
cultivation of cinnamon and cocoanut
Palm. is. in ihe hands of nativea; both
thrive best 'in the bow • ocknatry Inear the
dem For Many years the export of chine. -
Mon was a Govermaient motiopoly,but now
there are not any restrictions on its growth
or export. In 1.983 there 4vbrO ,335,600
lbs. of cinnamon exported. The cultivation
,of the cocoanut palm, which is applied to
se many Multifarious Mies; is the most im-
portant prOdUctiOn amengst the Sinhalese
, .
arvellous Memory
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