The Huron Expositor, 1966-01-13, Page 2— a
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' - Since 1860, Serving the Community First
Published at SEA FORTH, ONTARIO, every Thursday morning by McLEAN
ANDREW Y. MCLEAN, Editor
•4l I A , Member Canadian Weekly Newspapers Association
41 .i. Ontario Weekly Newspapers Association
Audit Bureau of Circulation
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4�4•
BROS., Publishers Ltd.
SEAFORTH, ONTARIO, JANUARY 13, 1966
Opportunity for • Second Look
After discussing the chaos that arises
in an orchestra when each of the play-
ers decides on his own, the tune he
.,will play, the. Stratford Beacon -Herald
concludes that area school boards find
themselges in a like situation' as they
attempt to Work out practidal school
area patterns.
"The rural school board in Hibbert
Township„ lias been holding dbscussions
with the board in Fullarton Township,
to see if they can work out a plan for
a joint schoolarea," the Beacon -Herald
says,- and goes -on : "At the same time,
the Hibbert trustees have been consid-
ering the idea of negotiating with Lo-
gan, Fullarton and Mitchell -to. fornr a'
school area with the same boundaries
Mitchell High School District. At
the same trine, the Hibhe,,rt trustees
have to give thought to the best inter-
est of children in SS 4 Hibbert and
SS 7 Hibbert, which are right against
the Huron County boundary, and might
possibly be better served. 'by' some joint
arrangement between Hibbert 1 -and
Tuckersmith, or between Hibbert and-
--all the municipalities in Seaforth High
School District, or possibly,. with South ..
Huron .High School •District. Mean -
:_while, the trustees in Tuckersmith are
too'deeply - volved in talks with the
neat tniunicipality beyond - that–Stan—
ley
hat,Stai--
ley Township; to have much- time for
discussioniTikith Hibbert. Not yet con-
sidered is the possibility `that Hibbert
•
should be considering:,:some link with
Usborne 'Township, to the south ;• but-- ,
,that, like discussions with Tuckersmith,-
would bring in the need for discus-
sions between the consultative comrnit-
ees of Perth -County Council and Hur-
on County Council."--
'The
ouncil."'The school boards of towngEipS
should not be saddled with this work
of dickering with each other, any more
than the, individual. musicians , in an
orchestra should be saddled with ,the
work of deciding •who, sTiould play what
music. It 'is. -time for' the-' orc1 extra-
•conductor to take over his proper- job
and- tell the musicians where they fit -
in.
"The orchestra conductor in this case
is the Ontario Department of -Educa-
tion, which should be laying out the °�_. = ---
boundaries of rural school areas, and
telling the local boaiids : `There's your %`�
area; there are your boundaries. Now
get on with your job, which is to oper-
ate schools in your area," Stratford
paper Concludes.
Another problem is that -diff rent re- A Macduff • Ottawa • Report
presentatives of the departure t indi-
cate different solutions to the same Discuss, Manpower • Pro leins
problem. In . Iuron, Tuckersmith and
Stanley„ boards were led to believe by, 'a 'Department"of Manpower was realm ofsecond h 1 t ' _ 'to 34 age group finished their
f th formal education with four
CANADIAN CITIZENS ...WITH RESERVATIONS
OTTAWA—If- the creation of sons with the United -States this American labor force in the 25
local inspectors that any plan to pro- -nota direct result of the Econ- .
vide . accommodation that involved o �oinic Council's annual review it mg nos peen exciuciea rom a• years of high school, only 8.7
• -"Was the result of Council think- study made by' the 7conomic per cent in Canada. More than
neightsoring: urban, centres, was impos- •ing. • •Its chairman, Dr. J. J. Council of the impact of educa- 19 per cent of -Canadians in this
sibie, regardless of the difficulties cre- Deutsch said there had been tion on' economic growth. age • group "have only an ele-
ated for the pupils adjacent to these discussions with the Govern In the field of formai educa mentary school education, less
• ment about the manpower prob- tion the Council has • looked than 10 ,per cent in the United
urban centres. - lem. In suggesting establish back over the past 50 years to States. • For the whole labor
At the same time,, R. F. Bornhold, �;irient of a ministry of manpow- determine the educational at- force, howev' r, -'the percentage
arga soy erintendent of education, - is ' er services the Council review tainments of the Canadian labor in Canada with only elemen-
• says: - force. It finds that during this tary schooling has declined be -
reported telling the Perth Federation "Such ,a ministry .could be period, which has seen. a spec- tween 1911 and 1961 from 75
ary sc oo• rain'
of Agriculture, .at a recent" meeting in the sole co-ordinator of all man-".tac.ular. allvance, education -has per cent to 46 per cent while
Mitchell, that larger administration power policies.an programs in- accounted for about one quay those with university degrees
g only those, now - in ter of the increase in Canadian has increased from 2.4 per dent,
units can be. created by merging Viral .the Department of Labour but productivity and in the aver -
'and rural -urban municipalities.—other - also those in the Department , age standard of living. If Cana-
thanseparated cities—for school "pur-
of Citigenship' .and Immigr-a- dians are to achieve the pro-
poses. :
tion." ductivity standards set,..by the
This obviously places •.the Gov
Council between now and 1970
He said county school areas do not ernment's action outside the (an average yearly percentage
increase in out' tit per -person
mean um area •encompassed by a count realm .of coincidence and the,. of 2.4 per cents our arewith is " Signifi'c'ant: It -means P P Jin
ty, -;but areas, corresponding :to secon- that, in dealing with economic 2.1 per cent achieved between
to 5.6P er cent.
Sugar and ° Stoke,
-- By • Bill Smiley
%tardy Ones yemain
This is the time of year when
we get rid of all the undesir-
ables in the community. By .un-
desirables, I mean people with
more money than I. They leave
our northern community for
Florida, Mexico, the West
Indies.
In one fell swoop we get rid
of all the softies, the cowards,•
the sybarites. In short, the rich
white trash.
It'st as much a part of our
heritage as the Saturday night
bath, or spring cleaning. And
I think it's a good thing.
When the last barber or
bricklayer has bragged about•
being off to the Bahamas, when
the last druggest or doctor has
informed me pompously that
"well probably take in Acapul-
co"this year," I feel a sense of
relief.
.The rats have left the Freez-
ing ship, and there's only the
hard core, the sturdy pioneer
types, the rugged individualist
and the poor people, left in the
temperate (hah!) zone.
The rest of us, the best of
us; can get. down• to the real
glory of winter, living, ,without
stumbling over a lot of sissies
who are better off down there
. getting and in their. navels.
TO - THE EDITOR -'
--hanks :. .
daryschool districts.. problems, the Government is 1960 and 1965 . during four Sir: The Huron County
"We then can have one board loot -:Council' and its chairman. The was on the _upsurge) the con -
turning more and more to thea years of A• Which the economy -re Turculosis' Association sin-
ing after education from kindergarten new manpower minister, the elusion is obvious. The Council
to Grade 13," said Mr. Bornhold. Hon. Jean Marchand, can be finds the need " --for a tkemen-
expected to stick closely to the dous •expansion in_... enrolments
(Fortunately, in Huron an • OppOrtun- " pattern outlined by the Coun especially . at' thuniversity
ity exists for second look rand to cor-2. cil. at will not involve any pia- and post -secondary school . level.
rest decisions previously„'taken, regard- jor 'change in policy. Most of This becomeg nt 'in view
the suggestions made by the ,of the great 'upsurged in the
s
less of whether or not the department Council are already in the plancoming 10 years of students
acts. : ning -stage in the Department moving into the 20-242age
Petitions now in • the hands of the of Labour. The real trouble is group.
,�, , .that they have- been. too long While the' cost of upgrading
Huron Consultative Committee pro.,.:, in that stage. M. Marchand's the' labor: force through formal
vide the• opportunity for an objective real problem will be to get.•the education is high the Council
,review of proposed educational facili- the ground ment in education both to the
a heal education a •n d na ion, rs-.ter. ' Thank you again.
munity as a. whole, not only. as it exists training t?rograths, the key to higher than in any other, field.
whole' -manliower program off finds that. the -return on invest
ties based en •the''"needs of •the com vac, individual and thet'
eerely appreciates your co-opt
eration in the current Christ-
mas Seal Campaign. _
- As Secretary, I would like to
add my . Personal thanks, arid
to state that this co-operation
helps us -.to look forward 'to
the time.r when knowledge of
the prevention' and control of
tuberculosis will spread
throughout -the world. .
Until the last case of tuber-
culosis is cured, there•, is- a
need tor such co-operation to
carry out the program as set
out in the general appeal let -
full and efficient use of man Average non-farm earnings of Yours sincerely,
today, but as it is likely to -exist to- power resources,have been ex
Canada's labor force in . 1960
morrow. panded rapidly but they are were $4,602. Those 'with eight
In the Years Agone
. From The Huron Expositor marriage in Sutherlandsire;
January 17, 1941 Scotland: {
Thieves on Friday night fore- From TflelHvron •Expsitor
'ed their way into the school-
house of SS. No. 9, Tucker- -" January 14, 1916
smith, and stole -a-quantity A . happy event occurred at
canned goods used in the pre- the home of Mr. and Mrs.. Jas.
paration of lunches for the Hillen; fourth concession of Me -
pupils: Entrance was ' gained-Kiliap, near Grieves bridge, on
by _ breaking' a rear door. ' New .Year's Day; when • their
_Fire, believed to • have been family and a few,;Friends gath-
started by a short circuit in a ered to offer their cdngratula-
refrigerator m o to r, caused tions and celebrate the fiftieth
much smoke but, -did little; dam- anniversary of their marriage.
age at the Queen's Hotel, early From a Seaforth -Boy at the
Sunday_..morning. , Fortunately, Front: "Keep the Red Cross
the fire. was discovered= in its
people working. They are dal
early stages' and it was but the ing a great work and every
•work of a few minutes for the 'Tommy' knows it and as us -
fire brigade to put it out. nal with other Seaforth organ -
Mr. and Mrs. John A. Stew- izations the home- town work-
art, two of Seaforth's oldest and' ers are sending better things
and more of them than other
most widely known residents,
quietly celebrated the 'fiftieth cities and towns much larger
than Seaforth. Seaforth is nev-
aeniversary of N their ' wedding er befiiind."
at their home, .High Stye tt5 on Two rinks of Colts went to
• Tuesday, Jan. 14th. Mr. Stew. --•-St. Thomas on Monday morn -
art has been engaged ge the ing to take part in the annual
" blacks n Seag and carriage bus- bonspiel of the Western On -
mess in Seaforth practically all tario Colts' League, but were
_his life, having learned the unfortunate both as to weather
business with his fatter,:, the and success. The players were
late- •kleeer businessmen
r -,Ste one of H. Cresswell, J-- Mo$ay, - W. E.
the pioneer bof Sea- Southgate, Jr., and George
fort i Bethune, skip; E. Fowler, .Geo,
' Unusual -weather conditions Jackson S. Cudmore and A.• E.
were evidenced by the fact,that Forbes, skip: • '
on January 4th, Mr. R. D. Hun- Mr. H.- R. Scott, District De-
ter, of Usborne, was out plow- puty Grand Master IOOF, with
ing in the field. He stated his staff, visited Goderich on
t . there was no frost in the Monday evening and installed
ound and- it Was better plow-, the officers of Huron Lodge,
ing than he had experienced Goderich. •
at any time in 1940.- The first masquerade carnival
Mrs. C. Glew had the niisfor- of the season, will be held in
tune to fall at .her home, Gode- the Palace Rink next Friday
rich. St. West, on Monday and evening. Liberal prizes• are be-
, fracture her . arm. - ing offered for skaters in cost-
1Vf r. Keith Sharp, RCAF, Moss- tome and the Seaforth Band
bank,• Sask., , is -spending a will be in- attendance.
leave at the home of his moth- The good • people of Varna
er' here. "" Presbyterian Church .presented
:.,. , their pastor, Rev. D. Johnston,
« lUtr. '�:-P,- Belr; of=Tcrgnto, and
with a load of oats on New
for many years. a well-known Year's Hve.
resident of Seaforth, has pur- On election night a big sleigh
ga chased the brick residence of load of people d'n pleasure bent
the• late E. Hinckley, John'"cane . to sudden grief when
o oand intends returning their sleigh toppled over,, on the
to town ,m the spring.zie. • 8th Line of .McKillop. Some of
Mr ..IL irhll enzie celebrated the persons concerned got wet
= her ilV birthday at her home feet. r'
- on oath Main -St,' Friday', ra ,, . Ai '
'"air►. 10, '140,,, • McKenziie' •hpa,' From The 1.1- ' Expositor
:been a re>sideti~of•Seaforth for :..,jahubiyuron •Ex 1 '
now& of ' 62 'year's, Having; . -
come to ,Canada foliating her . The'.hawisism'rie Brick re:3$idence
of Mr.. E. McNamara was.. de-
stroyed . ily fire on Wednesday
mo A b f young
not being used by adults except years of elementary schooling
those unemployed workers tak- only earned an average of $3,-
ing courses under the direc- 526:_ Those with four to five
tion of the National Employ -Years of high school earned
ment Service: The Department $5,493. Those- with some uni-
in ' collaboration with the prov- versity education were getting
lutes is taking a look . at the'an average of $6,130, and those
curricula to see whether it is with a university degree '$9,188:
lly meeting the requirements Dr. Deutsch has described the
ruing. number o =qindustry; _The Council" finds improvement in educational at -
people discovered it about 2:0W that provincial and local educa tainment : of Canadaa: labor
o'clock when returning home tional authorities do 'not have force over the half century as
from a party. -~ adequate information regarding disappointing and if the .Cana -
The following is a statement manpower needs. New vocation- dian advance is compared to
of the o erations of the Wa1- al training agreements with the that in ,the United States over
ton Cheese Factory for the past provinces .provid'e for a federal the same period this is true.
season: There were 682,112 contribution of half 'the cost of Particularly in' recent. years the
pounds of milk received at . the research projects for this pur- Americ-tfs have < been pulling
•facto from which w'e're .made pose. tr away an,d widening the gap in
62,333 pounds of cheese, which These moves indicate a _gra_ 1abo�force education.: This .is
realized the sum . of $5,668.9$.` 'dical"change in direction which, particularly noticeable in the
The average pounds of milk to if it has come late, as the Percentage of the labor force
with university degrees'— in
make one pound of 'cheese 'was Economic Council seems to
10.94; the average price er think, I has at least -come L The Canada 5.6 per cent and1ir'-the
pound realized' for the cheese need for assisting management United States 11.1 per cent.
and labor to adjust -to the teen- Among older members,) aged 55
for the season was 9.12 2/3 to 64, the. Canadian percentage
cents, netting to the patrons nological change essential to P ge
of university graduates is 4:2
6.69- cents per 'pound. • • improving productivity has been
recognized from the -start. But per cent and the American, 7
Mr. Thomas Dickson, son of programs have deviated from per cent. When we- get down
-Mr. Charles Dickson, of McKil- this objective'to meet the in -i- to the younger members, aged
lop, cut his foot very badly)mediatand temporary need. 25 to 34, Canada has six per
with an axe one day last week., Emphasis has be laid until cent university` graduates and
While ccaughng in ' the bush, now on a quick. d tback of un-; the United, States 14.7 per cent.
the axe caught in a limb, cansore than 30 er cent of the
ing the accident, which will lay ,employment. As a stilt train_ M ,p
him up for some time. ing courses have been aimed at '
getting workers -into jobs as
Mr. W. Morries,- of the Sea -there -
forth
`
soon as possible. Workers them
forth Greenhouse 'has green •
g selves, because training `allow -
rhubarb and onions ready for ances have been and still• -.are
the table and strawberries in inadequate, have been only too
.'
bloom, Rhubarb pie is quite ..a .anxious to take whatever job
luxury this._ timeof the year, offered rather than acquire the.
-and in a week or two we ex- skill to fit Ahem for the jobs
pect _Al , Morries' patrons May of the future.
indulge in strawberries and Today unemployment on a na-
cream. tional scale does not exist, Sea -
Mr. A. • Stewart, who has car- sonally adjusted the rate of un-
tied' on• a very s iecessful black- employment internis of the
smithing busineas in"i this toren labor • force dropped during
for over a quarter -g, a century, 1965 to 8,'••low of., 3.2 per cent
has retired from active business in October and was only 3.6
with' the view- of enjoying -..-a' per sent in November. This
well-earned rest which in in- compares with the target of 3
dustrious-, frugal and honrable per, - (full employment)
life ,enables him to 'take. which the Economic -Council set
The town council of Seaforth for 1970. In the light of this..
for: the current year may be the new problem is ..to determ-
classified as follows in'• point • fife why these training programs
of nationality, religion, politics are not meetingthe critical
and occupation: There ,are four shortages of skilled manpower
Englishmen, six Ca'riadians, one acid to see 'what they do.
Scotc1Unan . And one Irishman; On the secondary school lev-
four Episcapolians;•» two Metho-' el vocational and technical
dists;-fl e' pre'sbyterians and one training has , made greater
Roman Catholic; seven Reform- strides which wij ;$o•6n be te-
ers and five. Conservatives. In fleeted in the labor force. As
occupations they are divided as a reault of - the Federal-Provin-
follows: one lawyer, • one salt Bial ' capital program Canada
mantifaeturer, one grain mer- now has accommodation for
chant, one egg dealer, one. car- 244,815 students and enrolment
penter, one saddler one book• is -well over the 200, 000 mark
one ,grocer and; three ee ptiirrteis, and LaMar to make conipari•
keeper, one-�dry:� goods Merchant, Because of lack . ofstatistics
„r
BERYL DAVIDSON
Mrs. Beryl Davidson, Reg.N.;
Huron County Tuber-
culosis Association. •
Smiles ..' .
"I don't like the looks ,of
your husband."
"I don't either, Doctor, but
he is good to the children."
Jimmie: "Why don't you like
girls?" -
Joe: -"Because they're too
biased."
Jimmie: "Biased? What do
you mean." •
Toe: 1`Well it's bias this and
"bias that till` I'm 'broke."
Of the Canadians who died
of tuberculosis in 1964, males
numbered 476 and females 194.
The pattern of more deaths
from tuberculosis among men
than among women is common
to all countries ••with adequate
facilities for preparing and.
publishing vital statistics.
THE HOME TEAM
•
As one of the old true-blue
breed, fighting it out with the
elements, .I am inclined to
scorn them. As a humanitarian,
Ican only pity. them. Think of
what they're missing!
What is there in the soft and
sensuous south •to equal that
crunch of --toes breaking off,
that crack' of bursitis in the
shoulder when you throw the
first curling stone, that snap of
thigh bones on the ski hill?
Let's take a look at a couple
of these hot;weather hounds.
Look at this bird in Florida.
Gets out of, bed and there's that
same old crutnby, „monotonous
sun blazing down, just like ,all
the other days, Same old rou-
tine. The inevitable orange
juice' on the inevitable patio;
the inevitable trip to the beach
with the inevitable obscenely
fat softies lying all around. 'Or
the inevitable 'sweating it out
on the golf course with' a lot
of other middle-aged liars.
And here's our pal in Mexico,
just getting up at 10:30. He
hasn't 'paid' last year's income
tax yet, but he borrowed.
$1;500 from the bank to make
the trip. He has a hangover
from those six -ounce, forty -cent
Mexican drinks, and a-. twisted,
back from trying to tango.
His wife, in the other twin'
bed, looks like an inmate of
Belsen, because she's had Mexi-
can complaint, commonly known
as dire rear, ever since they
crossed the border. She whines,
he snarls. They totter out into
the - muggy heat. And another
horrible day in Acapulco has
begun. '
It's not like that around here.
My daughter wakes me at six -
thirty and I call a cheery good -
morning. It may sound a bit
more like "RUMPH'' but it's
well meant. My life's partner
shoves me out with her foot ten
minutes later. •
• Down to a jolly breakfast:
vitamin pills, cuppa • tea- and
half -slice toast.- There's the
thrill of variety as you prepare
for the day. When dawn comes,
will the sun be shining, the
snow falling, or a blizzard howl-
ing? -
Out into the wild white yon-
der. Grab. the shovel and make
the snow fly, chuckling heart-
ily all the while as you think
of those poor slobs in thecsouth,
with nothing__ to do every day
but the san'1 .old things.
The clean, fresh, northern air
hits your lungs like a dum-dum
bullet. Bark seal -like greeting
to neighbor, whose head is
just visible over, his snowbank.
Off to the garage. Excitement
"of 'wondering whether the car
will start. The sheer, demonic
joy of belting out the driveway
backwards and trying to smash
through the bank the -snowplow
has thrown -up.. Sometimes you
make it. , •
The skidding, slithering ad-
venture of the• driveto work.
Wheels spinning, visibility
twelve feet, every man for him-
self. -
The good fellowship and viva .
city 'of the teat ers' cloakroom,
everyone stamping, cursing,
and running at the nose.
And another day of glorious
winter living has begun. Don't.
try to tell me about the seduc- •
tion of the languouous South-
land. Just give me the crisp,
virile challenge of living where
men are men. And' you can
tell them from- women When
you get them thawed.. out.
THIS WEEK and •NEXT
•
To Clean The Air ent stations. -
The Fowler Report, as the
Radio and television broad- latest Royal 'Commission Study
casting in' Canada began to get is known, .is bound to lead to
another going over this week as many big headlines in the up -
Prime Mini's'ter Pearson put a coming session, of Parliament,
seven -member cabinet -.commit- When the • PM's committee
tee to work on a new. broad- brings in the new, broadcasting
casting act. • act, it will go to the House
'' " As„'a measure of importance• broadcasting committee where, '
attached to the future of° broad- the violently anti -CBC Tories
casting, the PM himself headed from the prairies will' (along
up the committee. with such critics” as Liberal.
The pressure for a new.•act •Ralph Cowan, of Toronto) once
has grown largely out of the more tee off op their favorite
Royal Commission report turn- Whipping' boy. And with Judy
ed in last September by Robert Lamarsh• now the minister re,
M. Fowlersponsible for the CBC, • the
headlines are sure to
In it, Mr. Fowler levelled a be big
wide-ranging indictment of both and bold. • •
public (CBC) and -private broad- •Despite the hoop lad' , of the
casting. . Among other things, coming parliamentary circus, -it
he called for a new policing is doubtful whether the. House
body to replace the present, committee will ever'get' down
Board of Broadcast Governors. " to the two basic facts of broad -
Board,
He also attacked the patchwork casting. in 'Canada:
in ' broadcasting which • has The first of _these is, that
grown up the past 40 years broadcasting has made tremen•
since radio got going in, Can dons achievements in this' eoim•
. since -,19$7
try, stretching together through
oda, but especially
when` the CBC came formally micro -wave transmission the en•
into existence. tire nation, bringing the world
Curiously enough, it was nev- into our living rooms.
er intended by the first minis- The second is that while the
ter responsible for the CBC combination of CBC public -
that the Canadian government broadcasting and private corn,
should rush into the broadcast- petition has given viewers a
ing business. C. D. Howe, who
left his Mark 'on so many Cana-
dian institutions, thought that
the CBC or its egifivalent
should be 'privately -owned and
that public ownership was' just
"an idea to be achieved', ulti-
mately." -He was obviously eat
er-ruled.
Canada's first TV station
went on the air in 1952 and
the; last big change in broad-
casting occurred when the
CBC lost its policing -powers
over private stations. The for-
mation --of the Board- of Broad-
cast Governors to .supervise.
both the CBC and, private.
broadcasters had long '''been
sought„,by, owners',;of independ-
•
Irate taxi driver .to fare:
"There'll be no ' charge, lady;
you did most of the driving!"
• "No, no, Elroy., That's NOT footwork!" •
choice of TV and radio pro-
grams in most centers, there is
tremendous overlapping be- .
tween the two:
It has rightly been thelunc-
tion of the CBC to cater to • di-
verse tastes, to -deliver soap
opera for the soap fans and
serious educational -and inforr,
ration programs for our more
discerning viewers.
The question could be asked,
however, whether CBC is serv-
ing
ereing any real function by bring=
ing Canadian-- •viewers ' cheap,
low taste comedies from U.S.
networks tjiat serve only to
rake in the advertising dollar:'•"
- The CBC has been diverted
from its main task • by,,, going
partly commercial in order- ta„-
recover , some of the tremen'
dous costs of public' broadcast«
ing. But in so tieing, it has
made life harder for private
broadcaster ,'.and robbed choice
''V time fol' better programs.--- -
In every area except' live covl
erage of great news events, the
current TV season is probably
the worst on record.
• It is to be hoped that the
Prime Minister's committee will
consider resolving this 'paradox.
by eliminating' all advertising
from CBC to fulall its real
function . . , delivering the
kind of program which private
sfations can't or won't provide
because of the tyranny of the
ratings system. But are •eve pre-
pared to' pay the cost of such
a service?
The year will also be critinal
in Canadian television because
of the advent of eotor program,
ming this hummer, and the
decision of 11 affiliate stations
to purchase outright .the CIV
independent;; national itetWer'! ;'
v