The Wingham Times, 1910-07-28, Page 6G
SAVED FROM
T E KNIFE
Apendicitis Cured By "Fruit -a -fives"
• NIMBI -War, On., Feb. Nth. r9to.
*Just. about a year ago, our daughter Ella, (fourteen years),was taken with
terrible pains itt the right side. The pain svas so severe that we had to carry her
to bed, Wig e at once put her under the care of a first-class doctor, who pronounced
it a case of Appendicitis and advised an operation.
We tool: her to a hospital in Kingston where site was again examined lateleu
eminent specialist, He said, she Thad Appendicitis and varest be operated ori.rat
once rf zoh wanted to save her difc', As we had taken her to Kingston to have
' this done, we were ready, but our daughter was afraid and cried and begged so
pitifully, that we postponed
it for that day. Luckily for
us and for her an uncle cattle
in with some 'Fruit-a-tives'
and insisted ou Ella taking
them. Good results were
apparent, almost from the
first dose, and the continuous
treatment cured her.
'Fruit-a-tives' savecl our
daughter from the surgeon's
knife and to -day she is
enjoying the best of health."
J. W. 1 OX, (rather).
LILLIAN FOX, (Mother).
Words cannot express the
gratitude of Mr. and Mrs.
Fox. And Miss E1Ia will
always remember "Fruit-a-
tives"—the discovery of an
eminent physician, and the
only medicine in the world
made of fruit. Sec. a box, 6
for $2.5o, or trial box, es.
At dealers, or sent, postpaid,
on receipt of price byFrnit-a-
tives Limited, Ottawa.
KEflNCLS FROM THE SANCTUM MILL
Interesting Paragraphs from our Exchanges.
f
Salt and pepper are always in season.
When a man does things he hasn't
much time to talk about them.
She is Young, at Fifty.
This is said of the women whose blood
is rich and red and whose complexion
has the natural heathful glow, You can
restore the healthful color of the skin by
-ague Dr. A. W. Chase's Nerve Food,
because it actually forma new, red blood
The form is rounded out by firm, heal-
thy flesh, wrinkles disappear, and the
glow of health returns to the cheeks,
"The Kahn," himself a farmer, says
the yellow peril is mustard:
An oculist can do nothing for a man
who ie blind to hie own interests.
Teething children have more or less
diarrhoea, which can be controlled by
giving Chamberlain's Oolio, Cholera and
Diarrhoea Remedy. All that is necess-
ary is to give the prescribed dose after
each operation of the bowels more then
natural and then pastor oil to cleanse the
system. It is safe and sure. Sold by
all druggiats,
The best part of the Kimberly dia-
mond field oovere nine acres only.
A man feels as ill at ease in a drygoods
Store as a woman does in a tobacco store.
DR. A. W. CHASE'S
CATARRH POWDER
C®
is sent direct to the diseased parts by the
Improved Blower. Heals the
ulcers, clears the air passages,
stops droppings in the throat and
permanently cures Catarrh and
Hay Fever. 26c. blower free.
Accept no substitutes. All dealers
a or Cdsiaason, Bat & Co., Toronto.
The speed of otter til under water is
atnazitig. letien'aivs io ch'noe against
tlielti. In some Pleoet1 in India otters
are iikpt by the nati'res to fish for them.
Vim fa:Miami that hal/ proved accep-
table for summer fire the skirt with a
deep het, band, tke• sleeve out in one
with bodice, and a ong colors for gowns
and hats.
aweFits
of Year
rutin st a: atoll DH. A.W. CHASE'S
NERVE F D—Cure complete,
-
a d lasting
'1rr. J, D. I'. Inner, :'8 I'ark St., Anr-
sseidum, N. •.., writes; "When sift
nbegan r< boy
vt ,t age m r
,a ofb as . o have fits.
Vt VO tb
They came on in the night. IIo would
mate strange noises, stiffen out, froth
y' at mouth, faeo would twitelt and sotne-
tinum turned purple. After the fit he
teal not tali..
"Tito fancily physician said all he
could do WAS to keep them down some.
what. The second physician pronounced
trouble Jefferennian t'pilepey, but could
not erre Mini lie suffered r
i d fur ..i•
. years
anti before beginning
ts
e use ofD
r. A.
W. Ctume's Nerve Food had three fits in
about five days. Our druggist recom-
mended Dr. A. W. C'hase's Nerve. Pood.
ile has taken seven boxes and has not
had the symptom of a fit. sinee. Inc
color has greatly improved; he is not
nervous and irritable litre he used to be,
and we consider bis euro eomplote."
Such results are only obtained by the,
tote of the; genuine Dr, A. W. 'Chase's
Nerve root ---not frota imitations or
;..,r t e". i;o e.'nts r,, 1.11s, all Heal'i'a
or Ildt i.tu:lon, I;ate.t 'i Co., Toronto.
A beginning has been made with a
s eheme for the afforestation of Dartmoor,
Infante' foods form a considerable
item of importation, 841,000 worth in
1908.
It is better to wipe off meat with a
wet cloth than to let water run over any
vessel in the Paotfio trade.
Some of the newest hats are large and
fist, with a rolling brim held in place
with a novel thistledown pompon.
The world's most euoceesfnl medicine
for bowel complaints is Chamberlain's
Collo, Cholera and Diarrhoea Re-
medy. It has relieved more pain and
suffering and saved more lives than any
other medicine in use. Invariably for
children and adults. Sold by' all drug•
giete.
It is always desirable to reason with
difficult people, but the trouble is that
most of the sort never have their reason
with them.
Children Cry
FOR FLETCHER'S
CAS`TO R I A
It's no use singing about rising in the
arms of faith so long as you forget that
faith has feet, too.
In many German factories the female
employees are forbidden to wear corsets
during working hours.
Try glycerine for removing stains of
tea and coffee from linen. Procure a
good quality, rub well in, and then wash
in the ordinary way.
Fifty Years' Experience of an Old Nurse,
MRS. WINSLOW'S SOOTHING SYRUP is
the prescription of one of the beat fe-
male physicians and nurses in the
United States,and has been used for fifty
years with never -failing success by
millions of mothers for their children.
It relieves the child from pain, cares
diarrhoea, griping in the bowels, and
wind colic. By giving health to the
child, it rests the mother, Twenty-five
dents a bottle,
Not for many years have gophers been
so numerous on the prairies. Farmers
are setting poison at every hole in order
to get rid of the pests, and one Southern
Manitoba resident killed 140 in one day.
A man who once had occasion to stop
his paper wrote se follows: "I think
folks otton too spell then =inlay Per psi-
pers mi daddy dident and everyboddy
sed he was the mos intelligenteat in tier
konntry an had the smartest family of
bets that ever dug titters,"
Should the knob come off the lid of a
pan or kettle, a screw should be Slipped
through the bele, With the head to the
inside of the lid, and a pork screwed on
the protruding end.mak
prot ngThiswill ea
knob that will not get hot, and that can
be easily removed when dirty,
The penalty 'Toronto hat paid to sup.
prase rabies was indicated in the ggutee
showing the number of doge destroyed,
From March ittnn'ttl Jaly Oth, 2,012 dogs
were killed, Of this number 881 were
oaptttred by the polite, and 1,27d were
brought to tho police stations by the
eines,
Y mn dY . .'•"'M1'•.yY Y
'xis$ W7NUJI If TIMI''Si JUL)' 28,
In. the English "black country" there
ate 80.000 wrote .toren, ot whiolt 14,000
Might be preiltably a fforeated,
,Children Cry
FOR FLETCHER'S
A TO R.IA
It is est rust.., Chet the oral wines al.
ready developed odntefn euetigh coal to.
supply the world for it thousand years.
Mont' a preacher fails because while.
be guards the seed of truth sedulously
he knows nothing of the sail in which be
lettuce 15
Very attractive, indeed, are the coats
Of woollen p:oplin. While white is the
favorite dolor, the material may be ob-
tained in a wide range of colors
Chamberlain's Stonleole nus Liver
Tablets gently stimulate the flyer arid
bowels to expel poisonous matter, cleenie,
the system, ours constipation and sink
headache. Sold by all druggists,
In Paris women are seen with rings
slipped ou over their gloves. Whether
this will be a popular fad or not remains
to -be seen.
in course of its 189 miles the Tchn-
antepee National Reilway orosses 862
waterways, 211 of whiolt ri game steel
truss bridges, o
When the etomaoh fails to perform Ute
functions, tha bowels become deranged,
tae liver end Kidneys. eougested .oans-
ing numerous diseases. The etomaoh
and liver most be restored to a senilis
condition and Chamberlain's Stomach
The Government has iesaed invitations
Ito Canadian and British shipbuilders to
otlneider the gaeetion of oonstruetiug
vessels for the Oanadion navy.
Very dainty -are the coat collars of
linen with the buttonholed scalloped
edge The collars with insets of baby
Irish are especially attractive.
The Ladies of Windom May
How Have Beautiful Hair.
Mr, Walley Has the Article
And Guarantees it to Grow
Hair.
Mr. Walley, banked up by the mann
lecturers of SALVIA, the Great Hair
Grower, guarantees it to grow hair.
SALVIA. destroys Dandruff in tan
day?.
The roots of the hair are so nourish-
ished and fed that a new crop of hair
springs tip to the amazement and delight
of the user. The hair is made soft`and
fluffy. Like all American preparations
SALVIA is daintily perfumed, It is
hard to find an actress who does not use
SALVIA oonlinually.
Ladies of society and irflaenoe use no
other,
SALVIA is a non -sticky preparation
and is the ladies' favorite. A large
generous bottle, 50c. The Scobell Drag
Co,, St. Catharines, Canadian distribu-
tors.
-------o---
As a result, it is said, of the increased
spirit duties ander the British budget the
police have noticed in remote districts of
Ireland indications et a revival of illicit
distillation of liquor,
At Rockwood, Australia, is the largest
cemetery in the world. It covers 2,000
acres, Only a plot of 200 acres has been
used thus far, in which 100,000 persons
of all nationalities have been buried.
--an
Watched for 25 Years,
Mr. D. M. Waters, the popular drugg-
ist, Belleville, Ont., sold his first box of
Dr. Chase's ]'Sidney and Liver Pills quar-
ter of a century ago, and has since then
noted many remarkable cures, as this
medioine grew in popularity, The latest
case coming 'to his attention is that of
Mrs. Mark Owes', Bay Side, Ont., who
was oured of serious and torturing kid-
ney and bladder trouble by use of this
great medicine.
Industrial accidents occurring to 415
individual work people in Canada dar-
ing the month of June, 1910, were re-
ported to the department of labor. 02
these, 163 were fatal, and 147 resulted in
serious injury. In addition, one fatal
accident was reported as having taken
place prior to the beginning of the
month, information not having been re-
ceived by the department before Jane,
1910.
Suffered from Heart Trouble
and Nervousness for Six Years
Lost All Desire To Live.
WAS FINALLY CURED BY THE USE
OF MILBURN'S HEART AND
NERVE PILLS,
Mr. Regis Lavallee, Sorel, Que, writes:
"For six years, at least, I suffered from
heart trouble and nervousness which took
f rem me all,desi re to work and even to live,
"When I found myself in this condition
and getting worse I took the medicine
the doctor prescribed for me but without
any result.
"One evening Iwas reading the paper
when I saw your advt., so cut it oOt and
the next day went to the druggist and
ur
,roc ed a box and ' t
ice that t'
nervous slhas systemeen in perfectt
eenditton,
"Be assnrnd, gentlemen, that I will
never be without Milburn's Heart and
Nerve Pills for they gave me strength to
work and support my mother, who is an
infirm widow and ofrvhom I am the only
support."
Milburn's Heart and Verve Pills are
Mc per box, or 3 boxes for $l.25,,at all
dealers or mailed direct on receipt of
price by The T. ;Milburn Co,, Limited,.
Toronto, Ont.
DANGEROUS DANDRUFF
Will Make Canada a Baldheaded
Nation if Not Checked--
M. Paatt'ur, the great Freneh Phy-
s pian at PAIN, 0000 Said; "I believe
we shall one day rid the world of all
dine ices causedby germs "
Dandruff is, nauead by germs, a fact
aoceptt'd by ell physicians,
Dt udrotf is the root of all hair, evils.
I1 it were not for the little destructive
germs working with a persistency
worthy or a better canoe, there would
be no baldness,
Parisian Sege will kill the dandruff
germs and remove dendraii in two
wecrlte or money beek,
Watton McKibben guarantees it. It
will stop itehieg scalp, falling heir and
ineke the bair grow tbllok and abun-
dant.
It pule life and lustre into the hair
and prevents it from turning gray.
It is the bair dressing per exoeilenoo,
daintily perfumers and free from grease
and stickiness. It is the fevoritei with
women of taste and onitare who know
the social value of fasoineting hair.
A. large bottle coats only 50 cents at
leading druggists everywhere, and iu
Wingham by Walton MtICibbon. The
girl with the auburn hair is on every
pa'kago.
A settlement of ,the differences bet-
ween the Canadian Paoifio Railway and
its trniemen end yardtuen bas been
reached at Montreal, both afles seeming
to be salitfied.
Soreness of the muscles, whether in•
dneed by violent exercise or iujai'y, is
quiekly relieved by the free application
of Chamberlain's Liniment, This lin-
iment is equally valuable for musonlar
rheumatism, and always -affords quick
relief. Sold by all druggists,
Don't pour tea on foe. If you do its
doliolons flavor will be dissipated. Don't
fail Unmake your ioed tea two hours
before it to to be served, so as to give it
time to cool gradually.
(plo1whworo N/GH-e /li)
CURES CATARRH, ASTHMA,
Bronchitis, Croup, Coughs and Colds, or
money back. Sold aitd guaranteed by
WALTON McKIBBON.
The idea this season is to face the
under side of the brim of the hat out
to within one-half of the edge, in-
stead of applying a band several inches
in length, es was done last year.
A comma is a very little thing; but if
misplaced, they very much alter the
sense, and sometimes spoil it &together,
as the following sentence will show:—
"Lord Palmerston then entered upon
his head, ' a white bat upon his feet,
large, but well polished boots upon his
brow, re dark cloud in his hand, his
faithful walking stick in his eye, a dark
menacing glare saying nothing." Some
of our public school pupils might re-
write this sentence, properly planing the
commas.
CASTOR I A
For Infante and Children.
The Kind You Have Always Bought
Bears the
Signature of
If a workingman while intoxicated
suffers injury in a workshop in France
he Luny not reoover damages from his
employer. The Freneh courts hold that
drunkenness is inexcusable and consti-
tutes contributory negligence.
You should deal at home, patronize
home, and above all support your own
home where you earn and receive your
bread and butter. There are merchants
in every town who are protected year in
and year out from the oity sharks, and
they send their miserable ten, Dent
printing to some outside city offioe or
a "blacksmith." The local press could
fill their columns to overflow with out-
side advertising.
Children Cry.
FOR FLETCHER'S
CASTORIA
The recently -married young couple
had been very happy, but at length the
inevitable rift in the lute occurred,
"George," she said reproachfully, so -
cross the breakfast table, "it was after
twelve when you got home last night."
"Women." exclaimed George, with a
fine assumption of astonishment, "are
meet inoomprehehsive oreatnree. Why,
my dear, before we were married you
didn't care how late I got home.,,
A judge in Monroe Canty, Wiseonein,
haehanded down a decision of more than
parsing interest. An angler in pursuit
of trout waded a stream through private
property. Theowner brought suit allege
ing tr e
98t. The OOn!
tielsti that l
arid
OWaer nee 110 right Or title to ft ilti'8am
passing through hie laude Or to the 11th.
in that stream; that the streams and the
fish in them belong to the commonwealth;
rind that the public has a right to navi•
gate these streitms, either fti boats or by
wading It was further held that 'to
long at a person following the Strobl re-
trained from setting hoot on the Mal,
no charge of trespass obuid tie.—,Dred
and Stream,
Staying at Home.
I'm tired of moving pictures, and
other Oaring shows.; I'm tired of hear-
ing lectureB' delivered through t', a nose,.
I'm tiredof stately shtiekera who for an
ofliee yell, and weary of the spealrern
who'd bind tae with a spell. A boon by
Doyle or Dtote epreed oat upon my
knee, and my old one horse shinty is
goad ouough, for me 1 uatd to spend
the gloaming arts sometimes half the
night, in idle bugrhoaao roaming, in
search ot cheap delight; I liked the
noise and ginusoor, the greeting and the
aterea, the rushing and the glamour of
pity thoroughfares; but now I'm old
and wiser, I like my vine and trey; my
sllaelt aucl Jan Elizer are gond enough
for me, I love niy pea green cottage; I
love eaoh briok and board; for such a
mese of pottage as hallo and streets.
afford, I rarely would not trade it at
any man's behest; my frau and I have
made it the place we love the best. The
streets ars always orawliug with packed
humanity; "dome home," Elizer'a asil-
Ung — that's good enough for me!—
Walt Mason.
83100 ltE WARD, slop.
The readers of this paper will he pleas-
ed to learn that there is at least one
dreaded disease that soienoe has been
able to ours in all ire stages, and that is
Catarrh. Hall's Catarrh Cure is the
only positive cure known to the medical
fraternity. Catarrh being a constitu-
tional disease, regcires a oonstitional
treatment. Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken
internally, aotiog directly upon the
blood and mucous surfaces of the aye.
tem, thereby destroying the foundation
of the disease, and giving the patient
strength by building up the constitution
and assisting nature in doing its work.
The proprietors have so much faith in
its curative powers that they offer One
Hundred Dollars for any case that it
fails to cure. Send for list of testimon-
ials,
Addres F. J. CHENEY & CO , Toledo,
Ohio.
Sold by all drugeiste. 75o.
Take Hall's Family Pills for constitute
tion.
There is yet no limit to the amount of
braiding put on gowns and snits.
Heathen nations have different legends
as to the origin of women. The Japan-
ese believe that she.grew on a tree; the
Laplanders that she was onoe a rabbit;
the Persians that she fell from the heav-
ens, and the Australian natives that she
was once a toad.
Are You
uptured
I can cure the worst case of
Rupture from infancy to old age,
without op8ration or loss of time.
ACT AT ONCE
and remove the daily danger of
strangulation. Fill in coupon
and send to Dept. J.
J. S. SMITH,
88 Caledonia St,
STRATFORD, ONT
Name
Address
Age Time Rup
Single or double . .
Satisfaction guaranteed,
GIVING AND GAINING,
iS. 0, Kiser.]
We reap in return for oar sowing,
And pot for mere dreaming of gains;
The wwdA Unit are fitfully hiowiog
Aorosa the wide, billowy plalos
Will bring us up shiploads of treasure,
Unless We been ships to return;
The world gives ns measure for treasure,
And hope for the hopes that vl'o Darn.
The worst gives.,us jay for enjoy meat
That we have`the grape to impart;
The heart is soon out of etuiAoyrnt'nt,
That ceases to gladden some heart;
The pleasure and profit of living?
Are sweetened by t ant; and zeal;
Tho world gives us Kiane for our living,
And not for the empty appeal.
Judgment Vag heuded down int the
ease of the Robert Bell Engine Co. ve
Lowery. The ease was tried before
His Honor Judge Bolt, cu Juno 28th,
and was an action entered by the plain-
tiffs, manufacturers of Ssaforth, against
Robert Loyyery, a thresher and farmer
in the township of Hnrou, Bruce county,
It was alleged that the defendant, after
agreeing to purchase a 22 -horse -power
traction engine from the Company, re-
fused to give the notes and settlement
for the engine. The plaintiffs resold the
engine and by so doifig lost $452. Jadg'
meat was entered for the plaintiffs for
8265 and costs. R S Hays (Seaforth),
solicitor for plaintiffs; 0. ', Locke
(Lucknow) for detendaut.
in tea must be dis.
tinctive, pleasing
and unvarying to merit
continuous use . The '
flavor of Rec( Rose yea is
all its own; and it never
fails to win and hold ap
proval because it never
fails in quality. Try it.
NEVER SOLD IN BULK
Your Grocer Will
Recommend It
82
ksc—
NETV YEARS AO1 Local tams fHistory
to the "Times"yfyles.
(From the nuns of July 25, 1890.)
LOCAL NEWS.
Fred Korman killed a steer one day
this week, which dressed 7S3 pounde.
It Lutist have been a big one.
Mr, Geo. Thomson bas sold SO of his
cattle to Smith & McLean, buyers.
They were a good lot, Ono oar ie to
be shipped this month and three next
month,
A little son of Mr. John Menzies,
Wawanosh, had the misfortune to fall
from a cherrie tree and break both bis
arms above the wrists. He was plaoed
under medical oare and is doing nicely.
Mr: M. Walker of Abe 12th oonoession
of East Wawanosh, left in our office, on
Friday last, a sample of wheat of the
Michigan Ambler variety. All the
grains in the heads were large and
plump, and Mr. Walker has 31 ncres of
it, which be expects will yield from 30
to 35 bushels per more.
Real estate agents will be able to
breathe freely again since the rain. The
stomachs of our citizens is not the best
plaoe for real estate.
On Sunday, Mr. Murray, grandfather
of Mr. David Pringle, of this town,
passed quietly away to his last long
home at the old ago of 84.
Mr. A. Ross has a very pretty garden
this year. Beans, potatoes and tonta-
toes are further advanced than we have
seen in town., Both Mr. and. Mrs. Ross
are good gardeners and it does not hin-
der sales in the store.
On Sunday, July 20th, Thos, H. Kins-
man, who has been ill for it long time,
passed from time into eternity. Mr., •
Kinsman was a Canadian Forester and. •
was followed to the grave by a large.
number of the brethren belonging to the'
looal court.
Mr. lt, McKay is hEndling the paint
brush at 0. Knechtel'a ship, and adding
to its freshness.
Mr• 3. A. MoEwen* returned from the.
west last week. He gave us a friendly
pall, and told us he had called on Mr. J.
J. Anderson, late of Wingham, and
found that he had over 200 acres of'.
crop.
BIRTHS,
Reid.—In Wingbam; on the 19th inst.,.
the wife of Mr. S. J. Raid; a son.
Welsh.—In Wingham, on tha 19th•-
inst., the wife of Mr. John Welsh, fire- •
man; a daughter.
DEATHS. •
Murray.—In Turnberry, on the 20th
inst., David Murray, aged 83 years and'
10 months.
Kinsman.—In Wingham, on the 201h
inst., Thomas H. Kinsman, aged 29'
yearn, 2 months and 3 days.
POPULAR STALLIONS.
"Gold Link," the imported CIydesdale Stal-
lion, son of the great Baron of Buchlyvie, will
make the season of 1010 as follows :—
Monday at noon, leave his owner's stable,
Bluevale, for Ourrie's hOtel stables, wroxeter,
for night; Tuesday, to And. Geminill's, con.
0, Turnberry, for noon, and to Bluevale for
night, and remain until the following Monday
noon,
W. H, HEWITT, J. W. KING,
Groom. Proprietor.
'The Imported Clydesdale Stallion, " Mascot"
will snake the season of 1010 as follows:—
Monday—Leave his owner's stable Biu
folex. Moffatt's, 2t, miles east of Bluevale,
for noon; north to Kirton Bros.,' con. 5, Turn -
berry, for night. Tuesday—Alex. McPherson's,
con. 7, Turnberry, noon; and to Bluevale for
night, Wednesday— To Wm. Elston's, con. 2,
Morris, for night. Thursday—Jos. J. Kerr's
eon. 18, East Wawanosh, noon; and to Dennis'
feed stables, opp. Cement Works Wingham,
and remain until Saturday morning. Satur-
day—To his owner's stable,' Bluevale, and re-
main until Monday morning.
J. W. KIND, Proprietor.
•
„
umburle 0hief ,
the imported Ci des
-
dale Stallion,,will make the season of 1910
ae follows :—
Monday—Leave his owner's stable, Bluevale,
for And, Douglas'. gravel road, neon; and to
Andrew Ireland's for night.'Tuesday—,ler-
Mee Paynes, Con. 2, Grey, noon; and G. Me-
Farlane's, gravel road, night. Wednesday., To
Jas. BMWs, Con. 0, Morris,noon; and .Tat
Nichols'. Con. 6, night. Thursday—TO Jas,
Phedden'd, Von. 4, Morris, for noon; and to
Hill's Hotel. stables, Belgrave, . for night
Friday—Todos. Miller's Con. 8, Mortis, and
remain until Saturday morning, Saturday—
Tb Robert Warwick's,Con.8, Morris, for noon;
then to his owner's stable, Bluevale, and re-
main until Monday morning.
1t, JIDA r, ,T. W. Ktxo,
Manager. Proprietor.
The Right Kind
of PrintinA
The kind that is neat, attractive and
up-to-date, costs you no- more money
here than the inferior article does
elsewhere.
Quality Counts
in hinting as in other things, and the
TIMES is in a position to turn out first-
class work • at very reasonable prices.
Try this office with your next order.
The Times
WINGHAM ONTARIO