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The Wingham Advance, 1918-01-03, Page 3fa i tYA 4TJJ OF FROSTED WHEAT IN ANIMAL FEEDING. I4ve stock offer a means for the disposing at profitable prices of grains ,injured by various causes to such an extent as to render them unsalable, ''through the ordinary channels, for the maximum market prices. I+ ram time to time there are districts in which summer frosts injure the grains, re, ducing the grades of all graina and particularly affecting the market val- ue of wheat. Since the cultivation usually given preparatarY to the growing of wheat is such as to make it a somewhat more expensive ere') to grow than coarse grains, the loss in- curred by injury to the crop is great- .er, and a, means whereby the damaged grain may be profitably marketed would solve a serious problem. Such a means lies in feeding the low-grade wheat to live stock. The feeding value of frosted wheat 'has been underestimated in the past, as is shown by the remarkable gains secured in several tests conducted at the Lacombe station during the past several years, The first experience secured in the feeding of frosted wheat to cattle was in the year 1909- 10. No comparison was made that 'year with other classes of concen- trated feeds, but a carload of cattle were purchased in order to take care of an amount of frosted grain carried over from the seasun of 1907, when summer frost injured grain over a considerable territory. This frosted wheat was salable through the eleva- tor at thirty-five cents per bushel. Taking the increased value of the Bat- tle in the spring as compared with their value at the time of purchase, and having paid for hay, straw and salt, it was found that . a bushel of wheat, when marketed as beef, was worth $1,28. It has been argued that cattle would not thrive on wheat, as the only cor- centrate, and that it would require to be mixed with 'eats or barley in or- der to be palatable. This has not been the experience at Lacombe, as no difficulty has been met in getting the desired grain consumption daily, even when wheat alone was fed. In this particular test eight pounds of grain was fed daily to 1,300 -pound steers, while in the test conducted during the winter of 1916-17 eleven pounds of straight wheat was fed daily to steers weighing around 1,509 pounds at the finish. In this latter test, comparison in gains wore made between a group receiving wheat alone as the only concentrate and another group receiving oats and barley in equal parts. The average profit for these groups was $27.91 per head in the case of wheat and $26.50 per head in the group fed oats and barley, a difference of $1.41 per head in favor of the group of steers receiving the frosted wheat. The bulky fodders given were the same in both cases, the cattle having free aceeis to the feed racks, where they could .eat at will. For some years compare I las have been made as to the relative valve ler hog feeding of frozen wheat verses oats and barley. In each instance it ha srequired less grain to make one hundred pounds of pork with frozen wheat than with oats and parley. The first test to be carried •m with these two classes of grain us fed to the hogs was in an extremely coli period o2 winter. It was found that the seven - hundred and fifty pounds of wheat produced one hundred pounds of pork, while it required ten hui dre•i and six- ty pounds of oats and barley to put on an equal amount of i;•sin. an the winter of 1916-17 twenty hogs were fed oats and barley In equal parts ince ten per cent. tankage, whip forty-one head were fed on frosted wheat, ei;th tankage in the same prnportlon as in iatso of the oats and barley ted group. Valuing grain atone eelrtper d and tankage at $1.80 per hun- dredweight, g p dredweight, the cost of one hundred pounds of pork on the oats and bar- ley group was $6.41, while with wheat the cost was $4.90 per hundred. Taking the higher grain value pre veiling last year as compared with the arbitrary costs used in this table, and estimating low-grade wheat at $1 per Sushel, oats at 43c, and barley 80c, ',he cost of making gains on the wheat •'ation would figure out at $7.62 per gundred pounds. of pork, and $8.90 per nundred pounds with the oats and barley ration. It should be r•emem- • tiered that in stating these costs the figures relate to the cost f h s o the grain lin shade, and did not include the cost of the pigs at birth (cost of maintaining sow) nor loss, labor and interest on the money invested. Considering the average prices of pork for the last three years in con- junction with the average value of 'wheat in which the grade has been reduced by frost, it is apparent that the feeding of frozen wheat to stock is the best means by which the grocer oan effectively dispose of his damaged Wheat. V IN ANCIENT TH EBES. own name and changed it it, Xitllldaton,' said Mrs, Williams, "Tiiozl lie told the . people that lie bad an option on a Wee townsite downstream away at a place on the, Nile known to =derma as Tell el Amerna." "And of course he moved the capital down there and left the old Egyptian stook Company with a franchise for selling water from goatskins high and dry?" Mrs, Williams was asked. "He. did that very thing," she ad. mttted, "Not only that, Ile told thein their religion was all wrong and that the dise et the sun was the thing they should worship, He only served one term," Mre. Williams added, thought- fully, "and after retiring him to pri- vate life the Thebans picked up their bag and baggage and marched back to where they belonged, prospering mightily." Mrs. Williams tlten,aswitebed from governmental question. It was sug- gested that one did not know what the ancient Egyptians did when the parlor maid dropped one of those fine glazed vases they kept the goose grease in, smashing it to bits. One pleaded guilty to ignorance. "Picked up the pieces and wrote let- ters on them," said Mrs. Williams. An Egyptian, she intimated, could put more real ardor, passion and pipe dream onto the broken spout of a clay mug than moderns secure with all the arts of chirography, paper making and special delivery they have been devel- oping through the centuries. "They used a little camel -hair brusn," she said, "and painted the characters of their language in bright colors." "Why do their beards all look so funny, and what are those little strings running up the sides of their faces?" one asked, indicating a large mascue line mummy and some painted pic- tures of masculine Egyptians, "Make-up," she said "The Egyptian barbers, did a fine business. No one who was anybody at all let his beard really grow. But everyone had a beard, with little strings to it by which they tied the thing on when going to call on the young women of the neighborhood. It made thein look masculine when they wanted to and allowed them to be comfortable at other times, also to wash their faces with some success." -:Minneapolis Journal, PIANE'S PLANKS LOST IN CIOVDS Airman May Find He's Fly- ing Upside Down. New Instrument to Show Direction Needed. Dangers of fl; e„ in heavy clouds when it is impassii,n to keep the air- plane on even keel, iced the aviator has only his compass to depend upon, were described by Captain B. C. Rucks, of the Royal Flying Corps, in an address on "Modern Airmanship" (oefore the Aeronautical Society. De- scribing an experience of his own, he said his airplane "tumbled about" in the cloud, and that he emerged froni it flying nearly upside-down. Captain Rucks was emphasizing the need of an instrument that would show an airanan in the clouds .whether he was flying horizontally. He said: "I set out on a very cloudy, windy day to do a test climb to 10,000 feet on a late type two-seater. On reach- ing 1,200 feet we got into a dense rain cloud, but carried on beyond 5,000 feet, still in the cloud, when the compass, apparently, began to swing, although actually it is the machine that begins to swing, not the com pass. Efforts .to chock the compass had the effect of causing it to swing nazi= violently in the other eerection. The air Spee Tfren rusn,edi ti "gene 1t -=d. youd normal flying speed. All efforts to pull her up checked her only slightly. Then the rudder was tried. Back went the air speed to zero. There was an unusual, uncanny feel- ing of being detached from the ma - thine, and I knew her to be literally tumbling about in the clouds. All ef- forts to settle down again to straight flying seemed to be unavailing, until we emerged froni the cloud very near- ly upside -clown. "A few days ago a squadron com- mander told me that on one occasion when in France everything loose in his machine fell out while in a cloud. A week or so ago, on the south coast, a machine disintegrated itself in a cloud and the main planes landed half a mile from the fuselage. In a cloud you can see nothing whatever but your machine. There is no fixed point visible. "The only means by which you can tell if you are flying in a straight course is by your cmnphss and yon• air speed. The compass should give you y;vir direction horizontally, your air speed your direction vertically. "Before your compass starts to move your machine has already start- ed to turn. You rudder the opposite way to cheek it, over correct it, and turn; then the nose drops and speed goesup. Pulling lim back your elevator lever has little or no effect, for' if you are banked above an angle of 45 degrees the elevator becomes the rude Pier. All this occurs without the pilot being in the least aware of the position nis machine is taking re?a- tive to the ground." Captain Bucks said the rate of im- provement in aircraft was so alarm- ingly rapid that manufacturers could scarcely keep pace. Comparing the average performances of five different types of machines used at the begin- ning of the war with others of late patterns, he said that maximum speed for level flying had nearly doubled. Horse -power was more than doubled. Amenhotep IV. of the Eighteenth Dyn,a.5ty Had Plenty of Fun, Politics, political rows, political scandal and corruption evidently are as old as the ages, to judge from the experience of Thebes, ancient capital of Egypt, where old Amenhotep IV. of the eighteenth dynasty, got elected for one term and had a regular time; this Wording to Airs. Grant Williams, Egyptologir.1. When AsaeoLotep won the election, ae the story runs, ho got up on his hind tett and told the good Thebaus abet it teas all wrong; nothing was OAeight: in 'Mabee. "He wen grew dissatisfied with his Air'manship had advanced snore than it would have 'done in eight or ten years of peace conditions, and the advance, seemed to have been along what might bo called conven- tional lines ---that is, Improvement on standard designs, and not good re- sults had been obtained froni any de- parture from that standard, '1'o his mind, inprovemetlts in engines were responsible for present•day perform- aneee to e. far greater. extent than im- provement in machines. Ile said the most marked develoif ment in the modern niaebine is its capacity for climbing. At the. be- ginning ef" the war, he "aid, the aver - ago holet1 flown on eetive. service wed 4,0'1',r to r,O0u feet. To -day a Height of 20,(I::�li rest is .reached, and, tr rt'oi re,a eon • es, helkhtq a great deal beyond talo r ure will be reach - id M. A, tonsil thi 1 Supreme Court Ontario, 1918 .r.aA•..4+4nesaiet•1+ +-++N•ie+++ • SITTINGS, JANUARY TO TINE. Barrie -Jury, February 19, Mr, Jus- tice Lennox. Barrie -Non -jury, April 15, 'Mr. Jus tice Masten, Belleville--Juhy, March 4, Mr. Jus- tice Rose. Belleville -Noll -jury, May 13, Mr. justice Britton. l3racebridge--•Bath, June 3, Mr, Jus- tice Middleton. Brampton -Both, February 18, Mr, Justice Masten. Brantford -Jury, .March 18, Mr, Jus- tice Rose. Brantford -Non -jury, May 6, Mr. justice Britton, Brockville -Jury, March 19, Mr. Jus- tice Britton. Brockville -Non -jury, May 14, 'Mr. Justice Lennox, Cayuga -Both, February 11, Mr. Jus- tice Latchford. Chatham -Jury, February 11, Mr, Justice Middleton. Chatham--Mon-jury, April 15, Mr. Justice Rose. Cobourg--Jury, March 15, Cobourg-Non-Jury, May 20, Chief Justice Meredith. Cornwall -Jury, April 9. Mr. Justice Middleton. Cornwall-Non•jury May 27, Chief Justice Meredith. Fort Frances, Both, June 11, Mr. Justice Britton. Goderieh---July, March 11. Mr. Jus- tice Masten. Goderieh-Non-jury, April 22, Mr, Justice Middleton. Gore Bay -Both, June 17. Guelph -Jury, April 8, Mr. Justice Masten. Guelph -Non -jury, May 27, Mr. Jus- tice Masten. Haileybury-Both, May 21, Mr. Jus- tice .Rose. Hamilton -Winter assizes, January 14, Mr. Justice Falconbridge. Hamilton -Jury, ;March 25 and Aprii 2, Chief Justice Meredith. Hamilton -Nen -jury, May 27, Mr. Justice 'Basten. Lenora -Both, June 19, Mr. Justice t La cltford. ' 26 Mg. February T.. Kingston-Jury,e u 3 . Justice Latchford. Kingston -Non -jury, May 20. Kitchener -Jury, February 11, Mr, Justice 'Masten. Kitchener, non -jury, April 18, Mr. Justice Latchford. Lindsay -Jury, February 11, Chie! Justice Falcon'bridge. Lindsay -Non -jury, April 8 London -'Winter assizes, January 28, Mr. Justice Rose. London -Jury, March 18. London -Non -jury, June 17, Chief Justice Falconbridge. L'Orlginal-,Both, May 28, Mr, Jul • Bee Lennox. Milton -Both, February 18, Chie Justice Meredith. Napanee-Jury, February 28, Mi. Justice ;Middleton. Napanee-Non-jury, April 22, 41Tr. Justice Britton. North Bay -Jury. March 25. North Bay -Non -jury, May 20, Mr. Justice Lennox. Chief Orangeville-1Both, May 6, C Jus- tice Falconbridge. Ottawa -Winter Assizes, January 21 -ale. Justice Lennox. Ottawal-Jury, April 15, Chief Justice Falconbridge. Ottawa -Non -jury, June 10, Mr. Jus- tice Masten. Owen Sound -Jury, February 2o. Owen Sound -Non -jury, May 2G, Chief Justice Falconbridge. Parry Sound --Both, May 7, Mr, Jus- tice Rose. Pembroke -Both, April 9, Mr. Jus- tice 'Britton. Pert: -Both, May 14, Mr. Justice inose. Peterboro'-Jury, February 19, Chief Justice Middleton. Peterboro'-Non-jury, April 15. Mr. yJustice Middleton. a e eti r pJus- tice * _5 Mr. u b , �P "� ti ""-�rttcre _ 3 is on tics Britton. II�'�"" Port Arthur -Jury, March 25, Mr. Justice Latchford. Port Arthur -Non -jury, June 3, Mr. Justice Lennox. St. Catharines -Jury, March 4, Chief Justice Falconbridge. St. Catharines -Non -jury, April 20, Mr. Justice Rose. St. Thomas -Jury, March 18, Chief Justice Meredith. St. Thomas -Non -jury, April 29, Mr, Justice Britton. Sandwich -Jury, Marcie 4 and March 11, Mr. Justice, Lennox. Sandwich -Non -jury, April 22. Chief Justice l+alconbridgo. Sarnia -Jury, March 18, Mr. Justice Middleton. Sarnia -Non -jury, April 29, Chief Justice Meredith. Sault Ste. Marie -Jury, April 8, Mr. Justice Lennox. Sault Ste.Marie--'Non-jury, June 3, Mr. Justice Rose. Simcoe-Both, February 18, Mr. Jus- tice Britton. Stratford -Jury, March 4, Chief Jus-• tice Meredith. Stratford -Non -jury, Justice Latchford. :.� .,"-tit.♦ .e•, April 22, Mr. One always has pleasant memories of a stay at theyV'alker. #douse., 4 .,M..rp • 1 KNOW WIFE ANO 1cIDDIAS ARE SAE 'ANDCOMFORTAI3LE AT TNGwiNuceR HOUSE. THE WALKED, HOUSE THE souse or PLENTY TORONTO CANADA Sudbury -Jury, March 25, Mr. Jus- tice Masten. Sudbury -Non -jury, May 13, Mr. Jus- tive Latchford. Toronto --Winter Assizes, January 21, Mr. Justice :'Middleton. Toronto -Non -jury, January 7, Mr. Justice Middleton. Toronto Jury, May 6, Mr. Justice Lennox. Walkerton -Jury, March 25, Mr. Justice Lennox. Walkerton -Non -jury, May 6, Mr. Justice Middleton, Welland -Jury, February 25, Mr. Justice Rose. Welland -Non -jury, April 22, Chief Justice Meredith. Whitby ---Both, March 4, Mr. Justice Britton. Woodstock -Jury, March 11, Chief Justice Falconbridge. Woodstock -Non -jury, April 29, Mr. Justice Latchford. PLAGUE OF LO'CUSTS. Argentine Has Suffered and Sym. pathizes With Sufferers. On the great Plains of Argentine, where huge estates still survive, where the cattle range free as they used to do ever the West, and a single man may nay still own land the size of aEuropean Kingdom, there, come at long intervals great invasions of lo- custs, far worse even than the de- structive swarms of grasshoppers that have ruined the crops in Middle West- ern States on occasion. A locust in- vasion' in the Argentine is a unique and terrible thing to watch, and a tra- veler who has this experience is not likely to forget it . Ile comes out of it with a lively sympathy for the ancient Egyptians who were schooled by Moses. They come first as a small cloud on the far horizon, and the wise old natives shape their heads and mutter uneasily. Next day a few vagrant millions fluttered overhead with glit- tering wings. The cloud comes closer; it veils the whole horizon in a purple mist. In countless billions of billions they come then, fluttering and cling- ing everywhere, hiding the trees and walls with the multitude of their clinging bodies. They do not destroy anything yet; they have simply come to lay their eggs, and this they do, and then move on. But the crops are as good as rained, and everyone knows it. Soon the eggs hatch out. ,,A. multitude of tiny, green -backed "hoppers" as the na- tives call them crawl forth from the burrows where the females placed the eggs. The whole countryside is cof- ered with locusts. They grow fast and eat everything green with a few ex- ceptions. A few attempts may be made to fight them. Men will burn fields of dry grass and billions of locusts with them. They will rig huge pits and rake other billions in to be buried. They will drive herds of sheep over 'them to crush them, but the number C. to ust. isnotdimin- of c dimin- ished. They are numerous past all • thin , . h•PV will cling to thewalls of a house and cover�•ia--ds--et..t1.- rustling curtain, so that not an inch of wood or stone can be seen. They cover paths and roadways until you walk on them wherever you go . It is no wonder that some people, usually women, are unable to endure many days of this, and have to leave the estancia for the time being. The big clumsy insects with their boil staring eyes are everywhere, crushed by every passing foot, individually so weak, irresistible in their myriads: When the horde has grown its wings and flown away, darkening the sun like a cloud, it leaves desolation be- hind, IS t Seeds of Vegetable Plants, Seeds may be saved from the best vegetable planting. Lettuce and rad- ish go to seed if permitted to do so. The best corn ears may be left on the plant to mature. Tho best potatoes from the biggest hills may also be saved if they can be kept safely, Peas and beans allowed to ripen on the plants will supply seed for next year. Gigelmoms's{e.`.._�".,eeee`.•,Ciaiq•i,•ei� i.,,,'',•,en above, the Seater line, In- the. centro Kit thhi three feet spaco is a gysteni of fabricated steel rods looking some• what like a heavy wire fence, the pine i00se of which will be explained later. !This space between the double, hulls and double bottom is not NV noted, but !being water tight, is hood as storage - !tanks for carrying oil cargoes and for otor•ing fuel for the chip's engines, the vessel being driven by oil engines, ;requiring a much smaller crew than a ietearn driven vesctel and giving more space for freight, The designs and methods of fabric eating the steel reinforcing rods Is such as to make a ship strong enough to resist the heaviest sort of a gale without straining herself, yet no at• tempt is made 111 his plan to build the outer hull heavy enough to re- sist the explosion of a torpedo; so let us suppose such a ship is struck by a torpedo fired from an enemy sub- marine; the force of the explosion is so great that a hole two or three feet in diameter may be shattered in' the ' outer hull, and now appears the use , , . r„",,,., for the fabricated rods (or strong wird Sheet Concrete To Defy Subs. +4-4'+4+e++++++.e-t+tiese- 4-+-4-+* 3)iseueeion of the comparative claims for the (steel ship and tine wood, en ship Inas rased the question wltet1- er any snore novel form of marine construction offel•(s improvements. A Boston expert in construction engin- eering hue written for the Boston Evening Record the claims for the ship of reinforced concrete, his argu- ment being that it is quickly con- structed, of large carrying capacity, and proof against destruction from torpedo attack. He writes: zc; 1t le urgent that every effort be made by inverltore and speddalists In modern construction to bring out a strong tea -going .ship that can bo built quickly and be proof against the torpedo, A number of men of in• ventive minds are working on the problem, and with the aid of spec- laliste, each in their own line, the torpedo- proof ship will soon be afloat. One proposition was made and illus- trated in the Scientific American of June 911 by Hudson Maxim. He says: "It is necessary at this time to stimulate inquiry and invention with respect . to ways and meanie' for pro- tecting Pr ei ht-sll stroop-shipsand against torpedoes, and while I be- lieve that my plan of torpedo -proof- ing ships will be very efficient, and that it is the beat tiring that has yet been suggested, still what I have done May possibly serve es et suggestion t0 lead some other inventor to do _far ,better than I have done, and the facts that I have given in thiel article about the nature and action of the expletive blaet will help other; in the investiga- tion and understanding in this sub - Sett." It is by the careful study and re- iaearch given by the specialists, the ,marine engineer, the concrete engi- ncer, the naval architect and the gun expert, each doing lila own part, that the problem will be successfully solved and will bring forth the ship of suelrl sturdy strength that on the Are (chip the submarine will have lost its bower, Many are conversant with the feats of ,engineering accomplished ,with reinforced concrete; factories land manutactur'.np. plants having !great strength and practically free from vibration, bridges capable of, carrying any load, are demonstrated tracts, but its pci:sibilitics in modern bhipbuilding are not so well known. But nearly every country in the world is making some use of rein- forced concrete as applied to ship- building. It remains for the methods to .be thoroughly worked out and per- fected by specialiehe to give us prac- tically an indestructible strip. • Thie article is to deal with the .ton •pedo-proof ship; the writer makes public his plane for the same reason as that given by IIucrnon Maxim, in- ventor of the gun silencer; the per- fected work is for our common good and to defeat the enemy. e Let other 3. specialists bring forth their experi- ence to perfect the weak points that they may discover, and the work of I,tttee se tilt ie -sarin a e- eellinnef com- mission (as far a,3 the new alta)i"`•n '- coneerned} is accomplished, Let us put forth every effort to build up quickly an unsinkable, fireproof mer- chant marine. THE CNOCRETE SHIP. My plan makes little if any change in the outward appearance of our modern steel dilly, except that the dtructural part of the ship le of a specially peepared emulsified concrete reinforced with a fabricated network of steel rode th4t binds the ship to- gether in every part, giving gr€nt strength and slaking the structure one continuous monolith. All decks hulk - /heads, partitions, etc., are interwoven (together in one continuous macs of steel and concrete, The scrip Lias two hulls and a double bottom; the double hull runs to above the water line all around the ship. There Mrs a apace of !three feet between the outer and in- ner huli which is divided every 12 feet, making a continuous number of (water -tight compartments 3x12 feet, girdling every part of the ship to leeeee seesee fence) inside the space between the two hulls. TORPEDO MADE HARMLESS. These roads work on. the same prin- ciple as Mr. Maxim's gun silencer, they dissipate, or in other words, break up, the force of the explosion, at the same time they protect the walls of the inner hull from being damaged by flying pieces of the con- crete; thus a section 1x12 fent is dam- aged and its cargo of oil is thrown against the force of the explosion, but this of itself helps to cool the hot gases caused by the explosion; each 3x 12 foot section is vented at the upper deck with a hatch that opens outward to let the explosive gases escape. Tho torpedo has now done its worst, and the ship has lost a few hundred gal- lons, maybe, of fuel oil, but the dam- age can readily be repaired in a few hours on arrival at her destination, or even while at sea if necessary, as con- crete will set in water without decreas- ing its strength. It will also be seen that is a vessel of this kind should be damaged by col- lision or by striking a rock or an ice- berg, only her outer hull could be dam- aged, while her freight and passengers are carried to their destination in safety. A few of the lines to recom- mend such a vessel are: First. A stronger and more durable sea-goingl at less cost. e vessel Second C .bo built in one-half the time required for a wood or steel ves- sel. Third. An absolutely fireproof struc- ture. Fourth . A vessel practically free from vibration, greatly adding to life of machinery and comfort of passen- gers. FIfth. A saving in up -keep; the hull, all exposed and outside surfaces can be of white cement, effecting a large saving in painting, etc. Sixth. The attainment of graceful lines and good design at no added cost, owing to the flexibility of the material while in its plastic state. Seventh. A powerfully strong hull with an outer surface as even and smooth as glass and proof against bar- nacles and corosion. Eighth. The arrangement of a ser- ies of watertight compartments that will make the vessel practical'y un- sinkable. Secrets of Westminster Abbey. Pew who •explore Westminster Ab bey are aware that there are many of its most ancient and interesting parts of which •- they have never had a glimpse. For instance. in the eastern cloisters there rs a door so guarded against unauthorized intrusion that it can only be opened by seven keys, which are in the jealous custody of as many government officials. Five of the keyholes of this wonderful door, which is covered with human skins, are concealed from view by a stout iron bar which traverses it. This door gives access to a vaulted chamber, 'known as the chapel of the Pyx, the walls of which were standing as they (stand to -day before even the Norman conquerer landed in Sussex. The chamber was once the treasury of England, to which were brought the test holy cross or Hoiyrood were here,'$114--!9r many years the plan served as a niifl�or coining silver and gold. It was centuries,the scene of a daring robbery, and to-day.con- tains, in. addition to a stone altar;• some old chests, one of which is said to have held the jewels of Norman kings. -Exchange. ROAR OF A GUN. • Unfamiliar Uses of Molasses. One Word. The loud noise made when a gun is tired is due to an explosion, the sud- den expansion of a compressed gas, as it escapes into the air from the sp' ce in which it was contiacd. :new, in a pop -gun the gas that is compressed and then allowed to expand is air which already exists as air. But there is no air or any other gas in a cart- ridge, and the question Is, Where (lees the gas come from that makes tr,e noise and fires the bullet, when a gun i fired? d What happens is that we suddenly burn a powder we have prep trod cif materials such that when they fere burned a large quantity of gas will be produced, and it must be produced very suddenly it the full explosive power is to be obtained, We Lave another great advantage in trying to make this kind of explo3ion, as iso have not when we fire a popgun --(hat is, that the gases produced are exceed- ingly hot for they are heated by the burning which makes them. A hot gas naturally occupies a great deal of space -far more than a cold gas -and so when we fire e, gun we suddenly produce a great qua'tsUty of hot gas in a tiny space which is not nearly sufficient to hold it )f Chia were done in a closed box it t could urst the box, but in the case of the, we have prepared i. way for it *.that we put a bullet it the Nerro .. s the gas, drivine +!t end Int ?' eiies THE POULTRY WORLD 1'AFi.'tt31Pp:S. (day J. IBayaton4 :e{eszl:r) Practical I'ouitrymau. Many poultry raisers, espee;e.liy the amateur and 1110 owner of the farm flock, clever think of titterer preventive measures with regard to poultry petite until the flock and houses are overrun, When such conditions exist It is est. ceedtngly hard to overwrite the trouble, The only effective way to fight these, pests is to establish a Pule t0 use pre. ventive measures at re"utlar intervals. I.::.-, and mites in the majority of cases are more numerous on the general farm end bacltynrd flock than on large• commercial poultry ',tants. This may be because there aro greater numbers .iC email flocks than large ones. but It 15 flocvcTh•me reasons usuallyor f trureks Ithat ore finds few really modern commercial poultry planta annoyed hY in. this cond tolaitionckof sain smnitaall due - tion or absolute indifference to methods of prevention. If a eommereial pout. try farm treated the vermin question soWilonls equalPacofailuindifferencere, the owner would With modern methods of hatching and breveting artificially, the chtcys seldom quently, there Is little excuse for either the me birJdsnc' or buntact with older birds, conse- infested, Nev .rtildheleingsssbeco,Iireventive ming serimoueassly /meet - urea uet be practised from the . very first. Like weeds, vermin seem to spring up from nowheres. NEGLECT THE CAUSE 01? DEISTS'. Lice and mites are the most Common pests, and the ones that cause the great- est trouble Uhf hens show a few Ilse oven where preventive measures are practiced, but this is no reason for al- lowing vermin to overrun the quarters. Young stock arlit.cially •raised in clean $urroundin„ s, ,hruld show no signs of lice until they ere a year 010. Chicks infested with lien mean neglect and noth- ing else. Lice that attack roultry are of two kinds, common chicken lice anct head lice. The cornmun lice are smaller and asset cht_kens of alt sizes. These pests live on sccretioris of the hodY, :-lctn and feathers. Frequently they becoino so thickly as to cause death, especially in the case of young chicks and sitting hens. A pair of these pests under fav- orable conditions will easily breed thou- sand In a few month, Female lice lay their egg on the foal, cementing them to the feathers near the skit. In about 11 days these eggs hatch and it Is only a short time till the young mature and breed more. DUSTIN(; THE HENS. The best way to fight lice on the fowl :s with a dustingpowder, a p � su •h G a ca ri be made from I equal tarts of air -slaked lime, q flowers of sulphur, t , eco eba dust and road dust well mixed. In dusting, the bird should be held by the feet, head down, and the powder applied with the hands, Pial to the legs, then the fluff, breast and under the wings, turning the bird over to do the back and neck, The powder should be thoroughly rubbed in, l:artieularly about the fluff and under lite wings. The work can be accomplished much quicker if two persons work together, one holding the bird while the other does the dusting. If the per,on doing the dusting will hold the fowl's head, keeping the hands over the eyes, little trouble will be experienced by the bled fluttering dur- ing the operation. To be effective the dusting should be repeated in about three •Weeks to catch the new brood of vermin, and in bad cases a third treatment is often necessary. Fumigation and spraying will destroy n11 lice and mites about the house, and if reasonable cleanliness and disinfection are practised, the dusting of the hens will rarely be necessary. Most dust boxes are not very effece tive. Left to select their own bath, hens usually pick a slightly moist dust instead of the diy stuff most dust bath afford. This slightly moist dust, if we may term it dust, has the affect of clean - mg all scrtif and dirt from the base of the feathers, leaving the skin of the fowl es if it were washed. Tho larger louse, known as the head louse, attack young chicks about the head, frequently causing death. Hen - hatched chicks are usually the greatest suffers. Creasing the top of each chick's head with a little lard mixed with a few drops of creolin is effective. Tho lard should he melted and the ereolin added while it Is liquid. Then use when cold as a grease. Mites are smaller than lice, usually red 111 color, though this color comes chief- ly from sucking the blood of the fowls. Their habit is to livo in the cracks of the house during the day and attack the flock on the ro.este at night. They lay their eggs in the cracks about the roosts and nests of the house and multiply much faster than lice. EFFECTIvel GAS FOR FUMIGATION. When the quarters are badly infested with lice or mites it Is best to clean out all litter and burn it, All paper lin- ings should then be torn off and burned, and. every corner cleaned thoroughly. After this the house should be tightly closed and fumigated. For this purpose chloride of lime and formaldehyde make one of the most ef•• festive disinfectives. Place a 1.Ound of chloride of lime In a 16, -quart bucket and pour a pint of formaldehyde over it, leaving the house at once. These ingredients act one each other at once, malting a powerful gas. The amount mentioned is sufficient for a 1,000 cubic feet of air space, that is a house 13 Fret quare by seven feet high. The • ' 'p -1pi �s _of ,fitieb o,I o as to• require several pounds of the mte'1eiw1 It Is best to use several containers places" in different parts of the house so as to spread the fumes. The amount of ma' tetiel givenwill require a 16 -quart t t>uck•-1 to prevent it from boiling over. Th• gas should bo allowed to re- main In the house for six or eight hours, '1•lie fumes are deadly and will overcome a person, so due care should be taken. After the gas has bees used, u1! roost, nests and eracks bhcttld he paint. ed with some coal -tax disinfectant, and then the entire interior of Mho house should be sprayed until the solution drips. Formaldehyde, carbolic acid or any coal -tar disinfectant mixed with wa- ter is good. A idnt of any of those materials to three gallons of water will be strong enougThH, I$EDBL'C,S Iii LI POULTRY noun: The common bedbug sometimes infests the poultry house. It is not known whether they huther the fowls or simply live on the filth about the house. Frain observation, I do not believe thoy attack eine birds. Neverthele.s, they are ex- ceedingly undesirable and meat be eradi- cated. It is 'well known that they carry disease. Creottne and formaldehyde spraysaprays have never proved ePfcPti vo against this pest. Formaldehyde gas is only partly effective, since 11 never teems to completely exterminate them. P �• t h • verybeet thing to fight this pest is The gee, made` by brning flower of salphur In pane. I"or every 1,000 cu- bic feet of air *pace three pounds of sulphur should he used. Place the sun- alcoholilorgasoline over it and little wood t It. Only enough fluid to start the fire Is necessary. The, sulphur makes a very dweeenacks. smoke, The operation should be repeated 'at least ones within a few The above methods are intended for use where the pests leave gotten the tap- per hand. tender ordinary concditlone iris would not be necessary. As a pre. ventive measure it is well to clean all houses at least once a month, supplyitue new nesting and floor materiel. At this time the roosting quarters and tests should he sprayed with a strong disinfec- tant Tw., or three times a year the tracks about the roosts and nests should be painted with a aeo:1 tar solution. Then. once n year, in the fall, before the -bird, are shut up for the winter, the quarters should be fumigated, MOI' LL. I HI 11111111 II II_ Ilii I HARD ON POETS. (Louisville C.:Wrier-Journal) "You knew these welt' rates?" "Are they going to hurt matters?" "1 dunno. I fear that three -cent lite age is going• to put a lot cf poets ant o, business." EST . (DetroitTHEPFree Pre a)PART 1, for "1 thoughtmyrpeecbI had, daidnrather'tyourgood" end - Yeas, the ending was the best Hart of y.=1 SURE ACQUITAL (Plrminghann "Ago-TeHral.d) 0f "The�uerse?" fah• defendant will be aoquittexl. '1 exct so," replied the proseeutingf attoine'pey, "As soon as she mos stud the witness -stand and smiled at the aury, - jury. nine out of the swelve begun to fumble with theft neckties and elicit down their hair. 1 1 EASILY LED. (JudgSETTe) Green Telephone Girl --Say, Ciaric'e, what do you do when they accuse youo of listening In? 010 Hand -Reverse the charges. 1 BARGAIN DAY, (Boston Transcr1ilt) "Doesbaseball?"your wife care anything for • "She never did- until one day she learn ed they were going to play two gsanses far one a.imi sien." AHEAD OF 11'. (Birmingham Age -herald) "Colonel Jagsby is one man 'tvho eon- letrivescorn" to keep ahead of old John Bar - "How sloes he do that?" "He carries a pint In his hip pookegt," 1r PLAYING SAFE. (Blinitngham "ige-Herald) "So you have a new cook?" "Yes," replied Mr. Jibway. "How long do you expect to keep her?" "Well, life 18 an uncertain proposition. We are here to -day and gone to -morrow. but I expect to be living a long time aft^r this cools' leaves " WOMANAND CS, (Wused ashington Star) "Towife to be g grPOLITIeat advocate of• votesur 2Al- women." "Yes," replied Mr. Meekton. "But she has her doubts ^now. She says she knows a number u her ofom n : v e that she wouldn't think of inviting to her po- litical party." GOOD CAUSE TO RAVE. (Buffalo Express) three -cent "Why is postage?" that, editor raving against "He's afraid it'll cause some of the poets to bring in their offerings in Per- son.' A SURE TEST. (Baltimore American? "How .fast eras this num. going?' "Easily forty miles an hour." "He admitted that Ito was doing twenty." -t A HARD STRA4N. (Louisville Courier -Journal) "The colonel is very polite." "His politeness was hard put to it to- day, however," "How was that?" "He tried to hold arevolving door for a lady." :- HIS HIS PREFERENCE. (Boston Transcript) Doctor -.You sleep too much: you get up two hours earlier in the mora - Sag'.,' Patient -If it's all the same to you. doctor, I think I'd prefer to go to boil„ two hours later. A TRUTHFUL PROMOTER. (Louisville Courior-Journal) "I suppose only ea. limited amount et this stock is being offered -the old wheeze." "No, we're offering an unlimited amount of it," said the promoter truth- fully. "Well •iontinue to sprint it as long as we haveany attic for it." HOMELIKE. (Baltimore American) ., "When I left the club your wife was tacking." "No wonder she says it is so home• like." CO R R ECT•E D. (Judge) Mrs. Gossip. -x understand your 1a# - est mistress was queer, and talked a lot to herself when alone. Is that true? Appltca.nt-I don't know, mum. I was never with her when she was alone. QUITE LIKELY. (Boston Transcript) Teacher -No, tell me, what were the thoughts that passed through Sar Isaan Newton's mind when the, apple tell on his head? Bright, 13'oy-I guess he felt awful gi;..4.Svnw`dtIck.( i OF COURSE (Life) ^, exedbindinga small She or l cut In his hand) I: wonder wht a regular nurse would do in this ease. Ile (eagerly) -Marry the patent, of court e. t - A SEPARATE PEACE. . (Buffalo Express) "Cats separate peaco ever be justifi- able?" demanded the parlor orator. "Yes," answered the man who wasn't supposed oto, "I once knew a man who made up with his wife, but kept her mother out of the house." 1 - BY COMPARISON. (Beaton Transcript) Hibbs -I stwpose you derived boat pleasure and profit from the garden you had this summer. Dibbs-Not exuetly; but it leaves me more •contented. It makes the cost of the vegetables to the market seem email by comparison. STUNG! (Washington Star) "have any trouble in gating your money back?" "Not a. bit," t'epited the dleesatisfied as rusuall Theltpriee oft 3 e articcle had st ore that they made a pofiback by ,getting it In Stock again," The Latchstring is Out. The saying "The latchstring is out" signifies hospitality. It is a standing invitation to visit the party who uses it. In early times throtighout New England and other parts of the coun- try tiro houses were built of logs, and the door fastenings were simply a wooden Intel on the inside of the door,, which fell into a notched stick in the doorpost. The simple contrive anco was awing to the fact that nails and iron were hard to get. On the in - . e esti Canadian Government Rxhibition of War Trophies now balml ahowtf with mu eh by n aheli exploding in the barrels of the exhibit. The muzzle of the DU Chin and her Interesting hater* to prevent the weapon be""min Ayo