Loading...
The Huron Expositor, 1951-04-20, Page 2i TWO HuBON EXPOSITOR • L'HE amtoN, .xPosmiR • Established 1860 A. Y. McLean, Editor Published at Seaforth, Ontario, ev- (Ie Thursday afternoon by McLean mos. Member of Canadian Weekly Newspapers Association. Subscription rates, $2.00 a year in Advance; foreign $2.50 a year. Single copies, 5 cents each. Advertising rates on application. PHONE 41 Authorized as Second Class Mail Post Office Department, Ottawa EEAFORTH, Friday, April 20, 1951. The Budget °Nobody likes to pay taxes. As a result, any budget, no matter what Government introduces it, is unpopu- lar to the extent it makes necessary t,iii payAth iltS. The Budget introduced by Mr. Abbott last week will result in some - ;w -hat higher taxes. But considered it the light of world conditions and the preparedness program they im- pose on Canadians, there will be lit - tie ceii,lc;isiii of its provisions. As the Ottawa Citizen points out: "The Canadian budget in these days can- not be dissociated from the world political situation, which determines so many of our policies. At this stage the wise man does not batten down the storm hatches, but he does not fail to see that they could be slipped quickly into place. By any previous yardstick of Canadian fin- ancial policy the 1951 budget is a whopper. It sets its sights on rev- enues of $3,730,000,000, a figure ex - c ding the entire gross national product of the Canadian people in tyle early 1930's. But even so Mr. Abbott leaves no doubt that the basic assumption of the budget is that in- flationary pressures may ease in the months ahead. There is still a chance, as he said, for "reasonable solutions" to world tension. "If world tension does not ease, then it would follow that the gov- nment will pick up the blunter in- strument of : direot controls to re- strain inflation and, it may be, im- pose by heavier taxes a genuine aus- ter,ity upon the Canadian people. Mr. Abbott has now made the "interim" outlook official, leaving the door op- en to return in six months or so, if necessary, with fresh budget pro- posals. This explains why he has left a good deal of margin to spare fpr future needs. His tax increases are heavy, but not so heavy that they could not be greatly increased. Or if the sun shines, the Abbott de- fence surcharges could be scrapped. It is not wise to expect any rapid dis- appearance of surtaxes, however. Canada has hardly begun to pay the cost of cold war." • TheProblem of theRural Church One of the problems arising out of the present trend whereby an in- creasing number of people are leav- ing the farms and smaller villages tot life in larger centres; is that of the small country church in many parts of Canada. Not only in many cases does the old established church in the rural areas find difficulty in financing its operations, because of a decrease in the number of its sup- porters, but there has arisen in the cities the necessity to construct ad- ditional churches. Attention was drawn to the prob- I ui—one of many facing rural con- gtegations—by Rev. R. T. Richards, Southern Ontario Home Missions Superintendent, as he addressed the Pard of Home Missions of the Unit- ed Church of Canada in Toronto re - The speaker reported a steady znovement of people from farms and villages to larger centres, and point- ed out that the average age of farm- ers in Southern Ontario was 60. Rural congregations were diminish- ing, and he urged a special study of the matter by presbytery commit- tees. Several factors contribute to the situation. Not only is there a tend- eiicy as. Mr. Richards points out, for peoj)e to leave the farm for the city, toe ` there is the fact that fain- ilies today are smaller and farms on the average are larger. The change during the past half century in farm- ing methods has made possible larg- er farming units, but at the same time has decreased the amount of labor required. This in turn has re- sulted in a greatly lessened popula- tion in the rural areas. Huron Coun- ty, as an example, had a population of 61,820 in 1901, but this had fallen by 1941 to 43,742. During the same period the number of occupied farms rose from 6,072 to 6,684. For pur- poses of the record the Bureau of Statistics considers any holding in excess of five acres as being a farm. It will be interesting to learn what the 1951 census reveals, and whether the trend so apparent in the period between 1901 and 1941 is being sus- tained. • A Fitting Farewell In a final editorial as he gave up the publishing of the Strathmore (Alberta) Standard, the editor had this to say regarding his steward ship: "We have ignored the forty -hour week. We do not know of any ex pansion program which was ever ac- complished under a forty -hour week, no empires, either territorial or fin ancial, which grew this way. We never saw a crop of wheat that rip ened in a forty -hour week. Nor a flock of weeds that could be killed in a forty -hour week. Nor an athlete who made the grade in a forty -hour week. And we do not know any paper which has continued to im prove without longer hours and harder work. `In the sweat of thy brow ...' said the Old Testament and we do like to eat bread." There is a wealth of truth in that editor's farewell. Increased wealth or an improved standard of living can only be attained as a result of somebody having worked harder and longer. 7 What Other Papers Say: Bucking Wood At One Dollar a Cord (The Ottawa Journal) We do not claim the present mud- dled situation is due entirely to the passing of the bucksaw era, although one can make a very strong case. There were no atom bombs, jet fight- ers, bubble gums or gelatinous sal- ads with cherries perched on sculp- tured tops half a century ago. Gaso- line engine sawing outfits were hir- ed by many farmers in 1900, but any up and coming lad could find a man who would willingly pay a dollara cord to have his kitchen stove wood bucked into 16 -inch lengths. There were always some knotty, chunky pieces that could be tossed into a special pile for the base burner and cellar furnace; and that decreased the effort necessary to earn the dol- lar. Only a man who has bucked a cord or more of wood in a 10 -hour day will appreciate the full II -leaning of this essay's title. One point we too often forget today is that half a cen- tury ago a dollar was a respectable amount of money and actually bought a considerable amount of merchandise. A city sophisticate would not be expected to know it, but there is a great difference be- tween saws and a definite art in ap- plying back and shoulder muscles to the task. In case you have never pushed and pulled a bucksaw for a full day, you may be interested to know that hard- woods are easier to saw than soft woods. Less set to the teeth is need- ed for hardwoods and consequently there is less push and pull tension on the metal. Old timers will agree that a large knot in pine, hemlock or spruce can be very tough swing. We read recently that a correctly set bucksaw should cut 42 cords be- fore resharpening. We don't know about that, but we do know we have bucked a good many cords of wood for a dollar a cord. It was solid work, one supposes, but in those Iong-ago days boys and men expec-- ed to work hard for their pay. We still think a woodburning stove has something you cannot get from oil, gas or electricity. But lest we be misunderstood, let it be said we don't want to use a bucksaw today unless weye to. Canada'sFirst Postage tamp (The Blue Bell) April 23 marks the centennial of Canada's first postage stamp, "the threepence red," issued in 1851. The "little red label," as it was called officially, featured the pic- ture of a •beaver building a dam. The beaver was deemed appropri- ate because it was an animal na- tive to Canada, and during early trading days, the beaver skin be- came the standard of trade. Even today, we see the beaver on some of our coins, and beaver skins dry- ing on stretchers appear on our current 10 -cent stamps. The.beav- er was the only rodent shown on a postage stamp until 1939 when Bolivia pictured a chinchilla. Canada's first stamp was design- ed by Sandford Fleming, then a humble draughtsman only 24 years of age. He later became Chief En- gineer for the Federal Govern- ment and planned the Intercolon- ial Railway and much of the Cana- dian Pacific. He was one of the first advocates of Standard Time. He was knighted for his services to the Empire. After extensive research among the archives and maps of Old To- ronto, the Canadian' Philatelic So- ciety has fixed the site of Sandford Fleming's draughting office, where he drew up the designs of the first stamp. The site is now covered by a palatial building housing the To- ronto offices of the Huron and Erie Mortgage Corporation and of the Canada Trust Company, at 112 Yonge Street. A plaque will be erected there during the Canadian International Philatelic Exhibition in Toronto from September 21 to 29 this year. Pioneer Bert L. Baulch or Brant- ford, a retired Nerthern Electric employee, is a Director of the ex- hibition, popularly termed "Capex." Mr. Baulch is a Past President and present Executive Secretary of the Canadian Philatelic Society. In addition to the threepence red two other stamps were issued in 1851—a sixpence lilac bearing a Portrait of Albert, the Prince Con- sort, and a 12 -pence black, bearing a portrait of Queen Victoria. The latter is the most glamour- ous of all Canadian stamps. One of the finest known used copies of this stamp, dubbed "1'he Dundas Twelvepenny," was found about 15 years ago in the Dundas home where it was delivered nearly 100 years ago. The letter bearing it was posted in Hamilton and clear- ly shows a Dundas (Upper Canada —now Ontario) receiving post- mark. This stamp sold last year for $2,500. Alberta Gets Easy Millions And No Risk (By W. H. M., in the Winnipeg Free Press) The other day in Regina, the Saskatchewan Provincial Treasur- er made a speech to a group of oil .men. What he had to say shocked some of the old line So- cialists among his C.C.F. cohorts in the Legislature because it re- presented a great departure from the doctrinaire tenets on which, the C.C.F. rode into office. Briefly, it was this: The devel- opment of natural resources was beyond the scope of a government and should not be undertaken by a government. It was a job for non-governmental enterprise, both private and co-operative. The risks were too great for a government to tackle the job. One dry hole in a government-sponsored oil explor- ation could blow a government out of office. As outlined by Mr. Fines, this statement of oil policy is poor so- cialism since it represents the negation of much contained in the Regina Manifesto. But it is sound common sense. Just how sensible it is for a government to let priv- ate enterprise take the risks and the profits, if any, in such a specu- lative field as oil, can be seen from the record in Alberta. Much has been made in the last four years about the tremendous expansion in Alberta oil production and the great wealth oil has brought to those who found it. Many of the stories are true. In fact nothing in the rags -to -riches tradition is impossible in this mod- ern fairy -table industry. Yet be- cause humans are incurable optim- ists the other side of the coin is rarely examined. And it is this other side which must be studied carefully by those attracted to the idea of government oil wells. The first, oil well in the Leduc field of Alberta a as brought into nroductiou only a little more than four years ago. Since then the even richer Redwater ' field has been developed, along with many other smaller fields. Although there was, and still is, other oil production in the province, it is from the Leduc discovery that Al- berta's emergence as a real oil pro- ducer dates. From the discovery of Leduc to the end of 1950, oil revenue to the producers has totalled about $195 millions—a sum of money that must look good to any provincial treasurer, socialist or otherwise. But it is still hundreds of millions of dollars short of counter -balanc- ing the amount of money spent by the private oil men in oil explora- tion and development. This is the other side of the coin. Prior to Leduc, oil companies had spent perhaps as much as $300 millions in vain search for the oil which they were confident existed somewhere in North Central and. Northern Alberta. Imperial Oil alone drilled well over 100 dry holes before it brought in the Leduc discovery well. From 1947 to 1950, inclusive, the companies have spent another $336 millions in exploration and development. Thus, for the expenditure of ov- er $600 millions, the oil companies have, so far, got back $195 millions. They will get back much more this year, but they will spend much more, too, Their exploration and development costs this year will likely run to about $150 millions. Meanwhile, the one party that has cashed in on the oil boom, without risk to itself, is the Pro- vincial Government. Back in 1947, from oil royalties, fees, rentals and cash bonuses, it received from the oil industry about $1.3 millions, Last year the total had risen to $49.6 millions. More money came into the Alberta treasury from oil alone in that one year than the en- tire amount of revenue received from all sources by the Manitoba Government. The total amount received by the Alberta Government from oil in those four years runs to about $86 millions; and all this without risking a cent of Government mon- ey. It is no wonder that Mr. Fines, when he sees a figure like this ob- tainable on a sure -thing basis, has decided it is time for expediency to push dogma into the background. Mixed Chicks or Sexed Chicks in Farm Flocks? Every farmer who is rearing poultry faces the problem of main- taining profits with high feed prices. They try to solve the problem in various ways. In doing so they should bear in mind the following important points: Tho equipment on hand and space avail- able so as not to crowd the birds; buying early chicks from a depend- able breeder or hatchery; purchas- ing only high quality feed; choos- ing the breed (light or heavy), and deciding whether to raise mixed or sexed chicks. Under conditions similar to those at the Dominion. Experimental Sta- tion. Kapuskasing, Ont., J. L. Tes- sier believes that in farm flocks it is more profitable to raise mixed chicks rather than sexed chicks. An experiment was made to de- termine the cost of rearing chicks with twd different groups of Bar- red-Plyvhouth Rock chicks; one group mixed, and the other group sexed, The results showed that the ;Profit from the sales of the cockerels of the mixed group, cov- ered rearing casts (cost of chick- ens and fed) of the pullets which Were kept as layers; while the sexed chicks, in the fall, had cost $1.18 ped pullet. Raising mixed chickens would seem advisable for a farmer with a poultry .flock of 100 to 200 hens, as a sideline, and who can depend up- on his family's help in killing the birds in the fall. But the distance from the market is important. If his farm is only a short distance from a. city or town where there is a continuous demand for poultry meat, the mixed chicks would be preferable, but if such a market is remote transportation will reduce profits. An important thing ih,star ting early chicks, is the amount of 'Moor space to supply per chick. Early sexed pullet chicks kept confined 10 to 12 weeks, require at least one square foot of floor space per chick. If straight run chicks are started, two chicks may be started per square foot, but the chicks should be divided as soon as the cockerels can be distinguished. The cockerels are ready for sale as broilers or fryers at a season when the supply is light, demand good, and prices best. Many farmers could materially lower the cost of raising their housed pullets by purchasing mixed chicks and rais- ing the cockerels for market. For a specialized poultryman, mixed chicks may not be as ad- vantageous for he usually has lim- ited ground, equipment and build- ings. Moreover, the straight run chicks need additional help for rearing and again at killing and dressing time, all of which add to production. cost. Don't Ignore Surface Drainage is Urgent Adice of Farm Expert Thefarmer who ignores surface drainage can easily 'end up with a complicated a n d unproductive farm. D. J. Cooper, of the Central Experimental Farm engineering staff at Ottawa, believes surface drainage does not get the atten- tion it deserves. Too often, he says, a system is poorly laid out or allowed to go to ruin. The main purpose of surface drainage is to remove excess water from the soil and keep it from get- ting waterlogged. Soggy land de- lays seeding, lowers crop yield and complicates farm management. A surface drainage system can be used alone or with tile drains and should be planned to cause the least inconvenience to cropping practices. Wherever possible grass (ebhtinued on Page 6) HE1IWS H ALTH Little Miss Muffet sat on a Tuffet And opened her school lunch with glee, The school nurse espied her And sat down beside her, "Wash your hands ere you eat, dear," said she. Dept. of National Health and Welfare Years Agone Interesting Items Picked From The Huron Expositor of Twen- ty-five and Fifty Years Ago. From The Huron Expositor April 23, 1926 Rev. E. P. White, Dublin, is to succeed the late Dean Downey, as pastor of St. Alphonsus Church, Windsor. Mr. John A. Eckert, of Manley, is busy with his incubator. He has now a capacity of 3,800 eggs, and if he has luck he will be able to supply his customers by June. One of the largest property changes that has taken place for sometime in Bayfield is the sale of the Lakeview Hotel. Mr. E. H. Weston has been the proprietor for the past seven years, and has now sold it to Mrs. Seeds, who moves there shortly. Mr. Charles Wolfe, of Hensall, has been awarded the contract for the brickwork of Dr. A. Moir's new two-storey addition at the rear of his present block. Mr. James Kil- patrick has the contract for the woodwork. All day Monday and Tuesday of this week curling was in full swing at the rink here, and at no time has there been more perfect ice. The final game of 22 ends was played by Peck Johnstone and Jack Beattie, the latter winning by one shot. Mr. W. M. Sproat underwent an operation for appendicitis in the Seaforth Hospital last week. Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Bell, of Toron- to, attended the funeral of his mother, the late Mrs. Henry Gold- ing. The hum of the auto is heard around Walton again, as it has been a long time since one has been heard. - On Tuesday of this week there was curling in the Seaforth rink and on Wednesday the'golfing sea- son was opened at the golf course by R. M. Jones, J. G. Mullen and D. L. Reid. Mr, Charles Cooke, famous In- dian basso and entertainer, gave a concert in Northside United Church on Monday evening under the aus- pices of the Tuxis Square. On Sun- day morning be sang two beauti- fully rendered solos in First Pres- byterian Church. A most successful old-time dance was held in ,Cardno's Hall on Spring Fair night. There was a large crowd and Hogg's orchestra furnished music for dancing From The Huron Expositor April 26, 1901 The stable near Mr. Querrenges- ser's saw mill in Grey Township was destroyed by fire one day last week. Wm. Ferguson, of Bayfield, has gone to Cleveland to engage in fishing. The •Presbyterians of Bayfield have extended a calf to Rev. Mr. McNeil. Misses Maggie .Aberhart, Nellie Kyle and Barbara McGee, of Eg- mondville, spent last Sunday with Mrs. Robinson in the country. The silver service which was drawn for at St. Columlyan last week, was won by Miss Finneean, teacher in McKillop, and was va- lued at $180. Mr. Geo. Turnbull shipped a car load of very fine horses to the Old Country on Tuesday. Mr. Frank Kling went in charge of the -lot. Dr. R. R. Ross has purchased the residence of Mr. Hugh Robb on Goderich St. West, and gets im- mediate possession. While at Brucefield horse fair last Friday, Mr. Peter Lamont met in with Mr. Attrill, the well-known horse breeder of Goderich, and sold to him the very fine Shire stal- lion which he recently purchased from Bawden & McDonell, of Exe- ter. Mr Lamont paid $2,400 for him,, Mr: Morley Habkirk left Tuesday for Vancouver, where he goes to push his fortune. Wlhile changing the acetylene gas generators in Mr. ll. B. Gunn'is store on Saturday night, Jas. Pur- cell and Ernest Murray had quite an exciting experience. They hada light With them and some escaping gas caught fire and blazed in their faces. Mr. Purcell had a few slight burns, but Mr. Murray's face was badly burned. Mr. J. M. Best, barrister, was in St. Thomas this week attending the Elgin spring assizes. Mr. Thos. Murray, 'wha has been in the employ of Broadfoot & Box Furniture Company for a couple of years, left Tuesday horning for Vancouver, B.C., where he has se- cured a good situation. !rhe Sea - forth Banid presented him with an add)'ese and a.handieme gold ring. 11 pry y51y APRII 2,i°,• Lt Seen in the County Papers Purchases Building Lot Mr. David Meyers has purchased a building lot from Mr. Lewis Prang in the southerly part of town, and intends to build a dwel- ling thereon in the near future.— Zurich Herald. At Convention in Virginia Gerry Holland, Dublin, left on Tuesday to attend a Great West Life Assurance convention at the Green Brier Resort, White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. The early sessions he will attend are for the Leaders' Club.—Mitchell Advocate. Hot Ashes ignite Truck The driver of the municipal gar- bage truck had a busy morning on Saturday. As he drove in from the easterly limits of the town he sud- denly discovered the truck was on fire. Hot ashes picked up at one of the homes had ignited the refuse on the load and the fire truck was hastily summoned. Damage to the garbage truck was not serious.— Wingham Advance -Times. Have Returned Home Mr. and Mrs. Seth Amens have returned home after spending sev- eral weeks in -Florida, Indiana, and other parts of the States, visiting relatives and friends along with sightseeing. Unexpressable beauty of the wonderful countries is a real tonic. We are pleased that they have safely returned and will tell us of some of the fine inter- esting places they visited.—Zurich Herald. Appointed Recreational Director The Recreation Commission, meeting on Monday night at the home of the president, Mr. G. Em- erson, decided to engaee 11Ilse Jacqueline Marshall, of Stratford, as a recreation director for the summer program. Miss Marshall has been a student at the Univers- ity of Western Ontario. She was interviewed in Goderich by a com- mittee, which was a favorably im- pressed.—Goderich Signal -Star. Have Ordered Plaque The committee has ordered it plaque in memory of the late Miss Vosper, who taught in the Exeter public school from 1883 to 1921. The plaque will be on a wood base, which will be 24 inches wide and 18 inches high. The plate will be about 14 inches by 10 inches, with a book of knowledge above the plate and torches on either side. Below the plate will be a ribbon on which will be engraved, "Erect- ed By Her Pupils." Plate book, torches and ribbon will be in bronze. The plaque is to be ready for the official opening. — Exeter Times -Advocate. Perch Run Heavy At Bayfield Monday was a busy day at the port of Bayfield. The perch run is on and the following boats brought in an aggregate catch of between five and six tons: Charles Toms and R. L. McMillan (the latter is fishing with Charles Toms owing to Malcolin Toms' illness); Donald McLeod with his brother John's boat; Ed. and Byrd Sturgeon; T.1 and T. Castle and Fred Telford. i The fishermen report that the nets were so full of fish that they al-, most floated when being reeled in- to the boats.. And the docks were a hive of industry as extra hands were recruited to sort and pack the huge catch. They worked from noon far into the night and R. L. McMillan, who is secretary for the local branch of the Fishermen's Co-operative, was on duty all night. —Clinton News -Record. Lions Initiate New Members Bayfield Lions Club held a dinner meeting in the Albion Hotel on Tuesday evening, with a perfect attendance. President Cihas. Scotch - mer was in the chair. Deputy Dis- trict Governor Duncan McCallum, London, with the assistance of the membership chairman, J. E. Hov- ey, inducted five new members and reinstated one member into the club. Dr E. A. Mcll?aster, Seaforth, gave a very interesting talk on his recent trip to Mexico, after which he showed a number of films, de- picting scenes he had visited and which he himself had taken. Past President Grant Turner moved a vote of appreciation to Mr. McCal- lum, and the immediate past presi- dent, Ted Mack, made a similar motion to Dr. McMaster. Two piano selections, played by Clifford Greer, were greatly enjoyed.—Clio. ton News -Record. Honored By Friends It Friday evening Mr. and Mrs, Leo Watt, Mrs. Wm. Bell, R. Ferris and Jean and Guy Leiper called at Mr, and Mrs. Warren Gibbings and pre- sented Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Rapson with a lovely pink blanket. The following address was given with a list of 42 names were left of those who were prompted with such an act of kindness: Dear Ike and, Dolly: We, your neighbors and friends,' feel we cannot let your departure from our neighborhood go by without showing in a small way our appreciation of all you have meant as neighbors and frits.nds. We like to think of the good times we have had together and how your home has been so much a part of the social life of our community. We are sorry, Dol- ly, that your illness has made you a shut-in, but we know you will meet whatever lies before you with the same faith and courage your have always shown. We would like you and Ike to accept this gift as a slight token of our regard for you, and may the blessing of God rest on you, is the wish of your' friends and neighbors.—Mrs. Win. Bell.—Blyth Standard. A Smile Or Two Patient: "I can't imagine what's the matter with me, doctor. I'm always thinking about myself." Doctor: "Tut! Tut! You must. stop worrying over trifles." • In New York an Italian was 156- ing examined in court after apply- ing for citizenship. He answered correctly questions as to the name of the President and the capital of the United States. Then came this. "Could you become President of the United States?" "No," was the reply. "Why not?'' persisted the offic- ial. "You please excuse," begged the. Italian. "I very -busy- -right now' sella de peanuts." • The train was pulling out of the• station when a young man threw his bag on the observation plat- form and swung himself up over the handrail. He stood panting aa. the train gathered speed. An el- derly party said scornfully: "You young fellows don't keep your- selves in condition. When I was your age I could carry a cup of coffee in one hand, run half a mile and catch the 1.15 and still be fresh as a daisy." "You don't understand, pop," said the young man, "I missed this train at the last station." BOXWORD PUZZLE By Jimmy Rae World Copyright Reserved ACROSS 1—Pretend 4—Abyssinian fly 7—U.S, federal police 8—Unfasten 10 --Photograph book 11—Filthy 15 --Rises 16 --Coat of arms 19—Mark of foldinf 22—Indefinite 21—Floating ice 25—Light boat 26—Nativity 27—Walk proudly 30 --Uruguay (abbr.) 31—Stone chisel 34—Unit of enefgy (Fr.) 37—Decay 36—A number 40, --Hoist 41—human utterance 42—Efficient 45—To fish 46—Serene 49—Withstand 52—Female sheep 53—Festival (Sp.) 56—Vital organ 57—Concealment for food 58—Produce eggs 59—New 60—Large stove .DOWN 11. 1—Complete failure 2—Tinge deeply 3—Deprive of sensation 4—Nothing 5—Shilling 6—Balance (abbr.) 7—Light down 9—,A beverage 12—Endow 13 --Resentment 111@L01/10N ' <3N` PAtIB 14L—Clad 17—Lewd man 18—Of a zone 20—Reprehehd 21—Spring .month 24—Parasitic insect 28—Menace 29—To time when 32—Female ogre 33—Poem by Homer 35—Turn upside down 36—Gives out 38—Light shawl 39—Prevalent fashion 43 -4 -winged insect 44—Foe 47—Upper air 48—Once more 50—Every one 51 --Inclusive (abbr.) 54—Infantry (abbr,) 55—Observe 7 16 P�lf::P 47 l,.: ia'�,T, 4 9, • •