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The Huron Expositor, 1950-01-13, Page 6tr Forests,. Are Worth y (From the Monthly Letter of the Preserving Royal Bank of Canada) • The histc:•y of Canada ,is staged against a forest background. In ' fact; fdresits have had'great Snfiu- ence .on the progress• and welfare of mankind in every land and in all ages. Without wood, history would be a yery different story. Take Canada today. Of all the wealth created by our basic sourc- es of production—agriculture, ton eats, fisheries, trapping and minting —the forests produce one-third, or, to be wholly accurate, 31 der Dent. ern these basic industries rests Canada's trade and' commerce . ,In countries which border on the Canada, from the natural home of seaaforests were• the foundation of trees on the Atlantic and Pacific shipbuilding industries, maritime slopes to the grasslands of the expansion and naval prowess. In Praries. But not all land is suit - our early history the forests on our able for trees, or for the same kind eastern seaboard played a signifi- of trees. cant part. They were so favorably Forestry represents one of the located with reference to botch the three major ways of using land- s Sea and rivers that our colonists The others are cropping and Pas - built a thrifty trade overseas. Here ture. Generally, woodland, grass land and desert divide the surface of the earth among them, •and . be- tween thein there is constant con- ftict. The grasslands are forever attempting to encroach upon the woodlands, often with the assist- s,nee of men bent upon extending their farms. The desert is always trying to encroach upon the grass- land, an attempt in which it has been helped by men: in the past, unwittingly, but In these days of widespread knowledge about wind and water erosion, by men with their eyes wide open. In Old Ontario, according to the report of the Royal Commission on Forestry, 19.47, forest cover has shrunk to 9.7 per cant. Groups which have studied the question estimate that up to 8,000 square miles, or 5,120,000 acres. of waste land should be returned to forests; the Commission itself is convinced that at least two and a half million acres of Old Ontario might profit- ably be reforested. There is no overall recipe, at) rule of thumb, as to where trees should be planted or not planted. Every scheme needs to be looked at individually, and the longeime results as well aa the immediate effects should be assessed. The draining of marshes, for example, may ,•,.be good ' or bad. Holland Marsh ..in Ontario did not involve water torage and the reclaimed land is being put to good use; Braining of Florida swamp, on the m other hand, has upset tee.balance of nature as well as the bank bal- ances of those who did it. Not on- ly expert advice but common sense is needed. Different parts of the country- de- mand different tees and different care. A well -lc .t forest in British Columbia will ook quite different from one in New Brunswick, yet each may be eerfect for its loca- tion.' The trees are suited to the soil and climate, and, so far as may be possible, to the requirements. of the owner. . There are, however,' certain quali- ties they will have in common. Poo:- or surplus trees have been thinned out to give the good ones room. There are no over -ripe trees, past their best growing years, no diseased or damaged trees. no very branchy or badly shaped trees. The forest Boor is covered with needles. leaves, twigs and small branches. so that 'the soil absorbs the large amounts of we- er trees need and' prevents ero- sion. Grazing animals•and fire are 'kept. out. These are the masks of a good forest' enywbere. ' Age, Growth and Size Therew are two dangers facing the 'planner of a woodlot or small for- est: that he may expect returns too quickly, and be disappointed, or that be may decide the time needed for growth is too long, and the results not worth his best ef- fort. - It i5 true that trees do not grow to maturity with the speed of rad- ishes or nasturtiums. With some trees one must think in terms of half centuries and centurieti—and it may ,be said as an. aside that countries with the vision end cour- age to do so will benefit because children now at school will live to see the culmination of such think- ing. 1f you wish to be remembered: said the English essayist in Dream thorp, "better plaht a tree than build a city or strike a medal—it will outlast both." In England there are oaks whose acorns were form- ing that June day when King John signed Magna Charta at Runny- mede. and a few years ago there still existed the Newland, Glouces- ter, oak mentioned in the Domes- day Book which was compiled in A.D. 1.080-1086. . It is claimed that Sequoias 'of California have rings They collect and hold the snow, preventing it from banking up around buildings, and they release it slowly in spring so that more of its precious moisture is fed into the earth. They break the force of hot•winds in summer, slowing down evaporation. They give shelter for gardens,, and make living more pleasant. Use of Land This digression was made' to in- dicate that forestry is practicable, paying and desirable in all parts of was the forest primeval of Long - fellow's 'Evangeline-' Nova Scotian ships were known in every port of the world, and by 1$78 Canada was fourth among the shipowning pa- eons.' ations.' That era passed away with the coming of steel ships, but the worth o,f our ,maritime slopes for growing trees has not died. Near- ly Si)• per cent of the land area of rNova Scotia is unfit for agriculture but is well suited for the produc- tion of timber crops. The job our maritinfers have to do is one of 'conservation, wise management, and development. Fifteen hundred miles westward begins the prairies, wbere the -task is entirely different. It is not a matter of managing a forest or woodlot already there, but of .at- tempting to establish a grove of trees where none exists. The development of prairie farm tree growth has been phenomenal. The government policy of tree dis- tribution, started in 1901 as an ex- periment, has grown until by 1946 the output from nursery' stations had .totalled 200 million' trees. It is not many years since the western plains farmer derided the idea of growing trees, but already the benefits of woodlots and shel- ter belts are widely acknowledged. Twenty-five years ago one eldom saw trees around farm b 'dings there were no vegetable pat hes or flower gardens, and the sig t of a few 'willows living their prec• ious' life near a gully or.. at the bot of a coulee was a relief to dust filled eyes. Today, trees' give shelter to crops, buildings and livestock Weak, Tired, Nervous, Pepless Men, Women Get New Vim, Vigor„ Vitality saygoodbye to these weak, always tired feelings, depression, and nervousness due to weak, thin blood. Get up feeding fresh, ho peppy an day. have plenty of vitality lett over by evening- Take Ouzel. Contains iron, vitamin E,, calcium, phosphorus for blood building. body strengthening, stimnlation• Invigorates, system: Improves appetite, digestive power,. Costa little. New "get acquainted" else only 60n Try nacres Tonto Tablets for new, nor- mal pep, vim, vigor, this very day. At all draggleta. Seaforth Monument Works T. PRYDE & SON Memgrial Craftsmen Seaforth Exeter Clinto DOMII Seaforth Showrooms Open Tuesday See Dr. Harburn for appoint- ment any other time, or Phone 41-J, Exeter. SURGE MILKERS DAIRY MAiD • Hot Water Heaters J. B. HIGGINS PHONE 138 SEAFORTH Authorized Surge Service Dealer DO NOT PONDER ANY LONGER ORDER YOUR CHICKS NOW - From MOORES' LTRY.,FAR and get GrH:UALITY CHICKS AT REASONABLE PRICES oda a sir cd :tin oto' din farni. Parent stock .. � ld:tree for two eclnsecutive �kg}j, t S to SL1Y t�� We'll do the rest. l i ra 3y SEAPORT THE HURON EXPOSITOR TOWARDS GRADUATION AT TEN MILES A MINUTE WORK TO BEGIN ON AUSABLE CUT Work on a new cut for the mouth of the Ausable river at Port Franks will begin immediately, it thas:,been announced. It will be the first step in the development of the two billion dol- lar conservation program for the river valley. A Sarnia contractor has been awarded the $90,000 sub -contract for the' excavation or a cut 100 eet wide and 8,700 feet long at Port Franks, The cut will 'eliminate three loops of the present river channel. The firm expects to finish the job in time for the 1950 spring thaw. The task of straightening the mouth of the Ausable is only> the first phase of a far-reaching pro- gram announced last August by the Ausable Conservation Authority. after more than three years of planning. going back to 1305 B.C. And in Mexico there is a cypress said to be 3,000 to 5,000 years old. That is one•side of the shield, the exotic side which has not much materia] significance for the Cana- dian farmer intent upon growing fence posts. firewood or merchant- able timber. , He will be immedi- ately interested in the fact that in its natural home east of the Rockies a spruce forest reaches maturity in 60 to 100 years and balsam. reaches merchantable size in 40 years. These two, which ac- count for 86 per cent of the wood used by Men and paper mills, make up by far the larger part of our softwood forest. Here is a tabic based on the av- erage of hundreds of trees of each kind, g owing in plantations on the nurser station at Indian Head, Sask. It shows the age of the trees and the height attained at that age. 5 Yrs, -ft, in. Manitoba maple .. 8 0 Green Asir 4 8 White" Elm 4 6 Paper Birch '8 5 Russian Poplar 12 6 White Spruce 1 6, Scotch Pine 1 5 Jack Pine 2 0 Lodgepole Pine 1 0 Tamarack - 5' '8 Siberian Larclb 4 6 15 Yrs. ft. in. 21 2 15 3 13 3 21 9 35 6 12 0 16 '10 15 6 13 0 21 6 22 9 Forests Store Water Over thousands of square miles of North America watersheds have been deforested and overgrazed, declares William Vogt in "Road to Survival." Thousands of silted.. stock -ponds, power and drinking water reservoirs. and miles of muddy flooding rivers show the el's feet of this devegetation; Although forests intercept rain and, by promoting evaporation be- fore the water reaches the ground, reduce the amount of immediately available water, they mere than,„ make up, for it in other. ways. Re- search findings show that the relit - dual water is almost all usable. Remove the forests, and the rin- off becpmes flood flow, uspally wasted and always laden with valu- able topsoil. The trees, their roots, arid the humus of the forest floor act es great 'sponges. The result is a tendency to equalize stream flow, to reduce the gap between high and low water stages, and to les- sen the seriousness of floods. This is of lm'portance not only to at!-' jacent farms, but to distant cen- tres of industry which depend up- on a steady flow of water in :he rivers to supply their electricity. This water control we have been talking about is managed mostly by the great forests which mantle the mountain ranges and the high- lands which are the headwaters of our -great rivers, •but even the small farm woodlot has its part to play. Otte farm wooeland has little ef- fect on the whole flood -control problem, but a little patch of woods here, a larger one on another farm and so on for thousands and thou- sands of farms—why, even today 'these farm woodlots amount to 34,792 square miles, and that Is im- portant acreage in any courittees. water conservation program. - Erosion Control One has only to read Mr. Shep- ard's instructive book, "Food or Famine," • with its references to the challenge of erosion, to realize hew among sore people—and is it so very different among ourselves? —the destructive process hats reach- ed vast proportions "rooted in ig noranee of the 'Cape .of nature and in greed' acid, ehoriefghtedinese Sri �. air traing ria r s ti'nurnt . to +� Studies Show that., tine principal cause of soil erosion are the re- moval of Maher, burning -oyer of° Sarlti brgaittng . ;1ie., vegetative 46111 (4br .�itgkalui ,' tttV>''ps•''►'b xiif , . f Across the sky go three Meteor 7's of Britain's Royal Air Force all -Jet training school at Driffeld, Yorkshire, teecently formed, the school's only- subject is propellerless flight. Pupil pilots arrive when they have completed initial training on propeller -driven air- craft. The machines they fly are capable of well over 600 miles an hour, and speeds of something over ten miles a minute are reached before graduation. For R.A.F. operational purposes the Meteor 7 is already dated; it has been '.replaced by the Meteor 8, a faster ship, the performance of which the British are keeping a secret. pasturegsr land., As Zimmerman puts it: Firet the axe, then the plough. then the rain, then erosion, finally the desert. When the British tanks stormed into Tunis in 1943 they churned up the dust of Carthage„ the great city of a million people built by the Phoenicians in 850 B.C., the wealth- iest city of antiquity. The people of Carthage in 393 B.C., when their city had been standing just as long as from Columbus' discovery of America to this present year, would have mocked anyone who told them their'buildings would be buried in sand, merely a nuisance to be fought over. • We in Canada need not fearr that fate for our farmlands' and cities, because we have the book of mil- leniums of experience open before us, and we have a hard practical reminder when paying taxes to pro- vide relief for countries which are unable to grow fetid on their desc- late land • Conservation Leading authorities say that at least ten td -twenty per cent of a.y agricultural section"of land s'.rould be supporting forest growth or woodland. It is the jobtr .of coser- vation people to reach that mini- mum. We have made progress in many directions. notably in forest fire protection, in research. and bete and there in private forest man- agement. But the sense of need is net yet widespread, A recent 5:;; ancial newspaper's special section of 24 pages dealing with forests and pulp and paper pushed the sin- gle article on conservation to the back page,, At last year's Summer School in Banff the naturalist Dan McCow- an told of Alberta's plan for a band of trees to be set out and preserv- ed in the foothills.frotn Montana to the northern limit of the province. The glaciers are melting rapidly,' and the great undertaking to con- serve water has far•-eaching ob- jectives. A board representing both the Dominion and Alberta has been set up to obteein and main- tain the greatest .possible flow o:' water in. the el" n re Saskatch tial River r and its tributaries. We are learning that conserva- tion is not merely prohibition. It etas a broader scope than that. It means wise use. which benefits us at once. as well as purposefel de- velopment, which makes things se- cure for the future. It means order- ly handling of woodland and crop- land, which profits us today, as well as sustained regulation, which assures us of supplies of wood sand food and water in years to come. Public Co-operation . Any conservation plan needs pub- lic co-operation, ]t is only a waste of time to try to parcel out the blame for conditions as they are. Science and our people can stop the waste, replenish the woods, and place our water and timber sup- ply on a perpetual basis. We are not crying over spilt milk, but trying to learn a lesson. when we recall the hive of wood- working industry that used to be eastern America. The income loss from deforestatiaon has been tre- mendous. Some parts of the lum- ber business literally sawed off the limb on which they were sitting. They left 'big stretches of Canada and the United States a .ghastly epitaph of human effort nesse- plied. Overcutting did not merely ex- haust timber. It destroyed eom- plex balance of vegetation and soil. Official Protection Public co-operation will be more effective when it works with and through officials responsible for jobs which require expert, handling, Forest Wardens are not officers with shotguns keeping people out of the woods, nor are they "tree doctors" who hasten out to treat sick acorns. They are traired men who preserve whole, forests from disease and death. The mist im- -portant principle in the field of for- est protection is that preventing the start of a destructive agent is far more effective than control ef- forts after the damage Is tinder way. This is why careless people are unwelcome in Canada's forests, A Nicaraguan 'proverb says: ' "Otte Man in one day with ono .match can elear a hu.': "-d acres." Forest. fir as• the real s t Of "what 1e door 1?do' test `till. lIuman tirelessness, indif eretri and lg oranee are to blame for ell but t e very few sires Started by ifgbttting dr other natural eautieS., Fires, hough' the' most speer tett4, at,,, are lint the drily .ineriacC,,tb' -HuronFaederation forests. The peaceful appearance of woodland is deceiving. The trees forage with their roots for water and food, -and gather sunshine with their leaves. Insects attack them from their roots to the tips of their twigs, all through their life- time. Disease runs through mil- lions of acres with epidemic speed and destruction. . In a managed forest or woodlot space is given the trees by thin.- ring. hin-ring. Foresters attempt to control insects by encouraging their natur- al enemies -such. as parasites and predators, or by using insecticides. Diseases are fought by destroying whatever is causing the disease, by protecting trees by fungicides, and by breeding trees that are immune to particular diseases. More and more the provinces are providing the service of foresters to help woodlot owners and small •forest managers. Says M. Roch Delisle. Director of the 'Forestry Extension Bureau, Quebec: "A com- petent and active forester who takes the trouble of going into the woods with the owner will aohieve in one year more silvicultural prac- tice on woodlands than will in 10 years all radio talks, bulletins and press a.rticles.s • Widening Markets It is worthwhile for the man who owns trees to take care of them and provide for a future yield; be- cause the market for wood is ex- pending. This is realized by the big user of forest trees. the'Canadian pulp and paper industry, which is in- creasingly concerned with the fu- ture of the forests 'it operates and of the forests as a whole, Annual- ly, the industry spends many mil- lions of dollars in tdeveloping im- proved forest management meth- ods. ',come years ago it adopted, declared and is now•..implementing a forest policy of perpetual yield and increasing output from its woodlands. As a result of careful manage- ment' there are forests which have been out over from time to time for 100 years and are. sett), giving fine yields of wood, v Ev r• eoeknindus- try knows that this indu,- try is Canada's moat powerful col- lector of United. States dollars through export of products. In 1947 the industry took pulpwood valued at $203 million and convert- ed it into products having a gross value of $706 million, thus increas- ing the value of the wood it used by 31e times. ,It ol1ta.ined its wood from the following sources: From farmers and other small holdings, • 20 per cent; other pur- chases, including sawmill waste; l0 Per cent; cut from owned or leas- ed limits, 70 per dent. There are, of course, many other manufactures which include wood alt their chief raw material, and it would surprise any of us to follow a tree from the forest to its final product and to see the work that is supplied in its harvest and fab- rieation. the forest provides em- ployment J•egularly for many peo- ple. One-third of ail the wood cutin Canada each year comes' from farm'• woodlots,, according to Mr. E. S. Richards in his booklet, "Farm Wooalots in Eastern Canada," The average value is low, however, be- cause most of the wood from farms Is sold or used as fuel, while most of. that from other sources com- mands higher prices as sawlogs or pulpwood. Local wood-menyfacturing indus- tries could be successful -if they were assured of a continuous sup- ply of good quality wood such ,as could be raised if well -kept wood - lots were operated On a sustained yield basis. The. furniture Indus- try, which grew up in Ontario be- caufe'of the hardwood forests or- iginally growing there, now de- pends to a large extent on imports, while hickory and, white ash for the handle industry come Prem the United States. The • trees • which were the foundation of these and other industries• grew and can be grown again close j.o the factories. Forest Education It is necessary that we should learn forest facts,. not forest fan- cies. The poet who wrote: "Wood- man, spare that tree!, Touch not a single bough! in yuth it Shel- tered Me, and I9i protect it now," was being merely sentiment'nl, bet hill opening` words are often quot- ed in serious, ric oa s so iey t today. The "Woodman, spare that t tree ars preach to conservation is wrong, provided the tree is mature and Can be put to effective use. Educational programs, both in ,public :'end high stthools and in adult othireeSo. shooed :tell 6oii(fin: iContinued from Page 2) , iiag that 10 -year period, it is point- ed out in, the "Economic Annalist," a publication of the Economia Divi- sion, Dominion Department of Ag- riculture, declining when produc- tion increased and increasing when production declined. The season- ally high price 'occurred In - March at the end of the winter' season of low production and just before the • new year's .production started' to 1 come back to market. The aver- ' age seasonal peak price was 20 per :cent above the average price for the year. The seasonally low price wad in June when .production was at a peak. Government controls were placed On prices in 1941 and the usual seasonal variation was replaced with constant prices from month to month. Later, when ceiling prices were removed and boor prices established, supplies were not suf- ficient to satisfy the domestic mar- ket and summer.price declines did not occur. With butter output more nearly approaching domestic requirements, some seasonal chang- es in prices may bet expected. * ac Seed Potato 'Work in Canada Seed Potato Certification in Can- ada had its inception in 1914 with the discovery of the Powdery scab disease in the Eaateen. Maritimes, S. G. Pepplin, District Inspector -in, Charge, 'Reed Potato Cert}fica,,tion, Charlottetown, P.F I., told members attending` the Annual' Meeting of the Potato Association of America held recently in Kansas City. The necessary organization, he said, had been set up to control this dis- ease (very rarely found today) and also to investigate the cause of rel- atively low yields from northern grown "seed".spotatoes, exported to the United States and the West Indies. • Himself one of Canada's pioneer potato investigators, Mr. Peppin told how potato improvement work ingly about the advantages of good forest management. One does not need to be a Johnny Appleseed, planting+ apple pips all over the place, in order to be a good forest conservationist. in fact. a man who carries a pocketful of acorns to plant along the road when he goes for a walk is likely setting. out groves of trouble for future gener- ations. There are places to plant, and not to plant, trees. and we need the Tight trees in the right pieces. Teachers might benefit by more intensive training in normal schools, not in the techniques of forestry and in tree recognition, but in the practical and necessary points about preservation of what forests we have and the need for more trees. Through' the 4 -Ii .clubs, a whole generation in Quebec is approach- ing maturity with sound training in forestry and small woodlot tnan- egemeet. Out in British Columbia a little while ago Judith Robins and. Jim- my Jones were the first to receive seedling trees. "'and a certificate -when the Western Branch of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Associa- tion supplied thousands of seed- lings to school children. The certifi- cate is an elementary lessofi in forest conservation for all of us': "These Trees are Like Little Pea 'ole. Be Kind to Little Trees, A little tree'bas been given to you to plant carefully- where it will grow in youtd- own garden. Protect it, water if, and guard it from fire so that it will grow tall and strong. It should inspire you through all the years of your Iife." Being in the lumber or firewood business is not the only reason for growing and protecting trees. They are much more than columns of wood; they are living creatures of a great creation. They breathe, eat,,, drink, grow, reproduce, tvork and rest., In some parts of Sumatra the na- tivesbelieve that certain trees are the residences of spirits of the woods, 1t is not hard to under- stand that a thing so stately as a tree which grows so much bigger and becomes so much older than men should win the reverence of early mankind. We 110 not have to go that far, but a little of it would be a good thing, economically, aesthetically, and for our preserva- tion. Willa Gather, wh remembered the lone peach tr in the church garden atop Acoma, near the En- chanted Mesa' in the New Mexico desert, and came home to write "Death Comes For the -Archbishop" around it. said this: "I like trees because they seem more resigned to the way they bare to live than other things do." That appears to throw' the , burden of their protec- tion .squarely on our shoulders. 'These prisoners, chained down by their roots, powerless to run from storms and fire, have only ,men. to stave off disaster. In return they form the basic structure 'in mens lives" As the Old Testament pro- phet said: "The tree of the field is man's life." There is another virtue about trees, rpt yet mentioned. Some, as we have seen, carry our thoughts back to olden times—to the state- ly Bluenose eaten which sailed out of our harbors foil ports in all the world; to `MVIaisonneu'(re, setting up his .cross on Mount Royal; to the timber stockade of Fort Garry, and to the sea of trees that stretched between Alexander 'Mackenzie and .the Pacific when he -first glimpsed the western shore of Canada. " But in addition trees project us into the future. When we plant them and protect them we know we are performing acts the issues of, which will long outlast us, Our maples• and pines and elms and bal- sam 'ere just seedlings today, .hut the oak seedling's which were ten- der' intS when Ca rtieritrStAatrode through a Canadian forest•'whAt have' they not seen of Canadat's emergence from wilderness to diet- rapotis, of . her development , from the home of abdri'lvines to A leader tit civilitationy What may not ,.sur' need htig'.,e'ee'7 ',,, . . • 4 . ;, ,• was started in an effort to control the virus diseases that cause a running out or degeneration- of the seed stock. He described 'how esedsource tests had been set cup to •deter`miue' where the 'best seed might be found, and how in ,1916 straps of Irish Cobbler and Green, Mountain were found in Prince Edward Island practically free from 'leaf roll and mosaic, the worst vir- us offenders, It was these lots which formed the nucleus of seed potato production itt Canada" as we know it today. ' From a small beginning itt the Maritimes in 1916, seed potato certification spread gradually west- ward across Canada and by 1924 it had extended. from coast to coast, with unii'orm regulations and standards in all the'provinces. In 1921 there were 7,90,0 acres in - inspected in Canada and in 1949 there .were 72,700 acres of certified seed potatoes inspected. While the bulk eof Canadian certified seed potatoes are pro- duced in Prince Edward Island and New- Brunswick, other provinces, and particularly British Columbia, are adding their increasing quotas to the inter -provincial and export markets. Total exports of certified seed potatoes from Canada from the 1948 crop totalled 7,655,315 bushels, and included shipments to the United States, Cubo, Mexico; ,West Indies,Africa, Uruguay, Arg- entine, Brazil, Israel, Arabia and several others. Including domestic shipments, total seed sold was 9,695,413 bushels out of an esti- mated production of 12,727,700 bushels. Brooding Chicks The litter should be on the floor of the brooder house and the brdcxler stove in operation three days before the chicks arrive. Any type of bitter whether- it be cut straw, shavings, peat moss, etc., is satisfactory, -providing it is clean and dry, says Mr. J. D. McConachie, Poultry Department, Ontario Agri- cultural College, Guelph. A coal burning brooder stove should maintain a temperature of 100 degrees .with the bulb of the thermometer two inches off the floor during the first week. This temperature may be dropped five degrees a week until a tempera- tura of 70 degrees is reached In warmer weather the starting tem- perature may be lowered and drop- ped more quickly. With electric brooders which may be operated at a lower temperature the manu- facturer's instructions should be followed, The behaviour of the chicks is the best indication of temperature. At night they should form a circle around the edge of the hoover •of a coal burning stove,. There should be six feet of odu- the feeder space for. each 100 chicks. For the first two days the feeders may be placed on news- papers, on which some• feed may be sprinkled to lead the chicks up to the troughs. It is a good prac- tice to remove the tumble bars from the hoppers for the first two days ,to give the 'chicks free access to the feed. The feed troughs should bo arranged around the brooder stove in the same pattern as the spokes in a wheel. Water is, just as important ass feed, ' There should be one water fountain, for each 50 chicks and these fountains should be placed in a circle around the ,brooder. After three weeks the small fountains may be replaced with one or two large fountains, but if the latter practice is used on the start some chicks h l.s wi Il be lost from lack of water.' At the end of the first week it is a good practice to place the hopper's on boards Lind the foun- tains on blocks to kee,P thefeed and water free of litter, Walnut Squares is cup butter: les cups granulated sugar 3 eggs % cup flour teaspoon salt 3 squaees cooking chocolate 1 cup walnut meats 1 teaspoon vanilla. Cream the butter; add the sugar gradually; add the eggs and beat well. Add flour, salt, melted choco- late and walnut meats broken in coarse pieces. Flavor with vanilla. Place the mixture in a well -greas- ed and lightly littered pan and bake din oven at 375 . c egrees for fifteen' minutes. ak JANUARY 13, 1Q50 Traveling Woman Dentist (By Susan Thompson, in Montreal Standard)' e kPretty, brown -eyed Dr. Rutlt pias, grandda ghter of Mrs. Albert Dundas, • Sforth, is chair ing up still another record for the. members of her sex. She is the fifst woman dentist to handle at dentist's ofllicq on wheels for thea Ontario Red Cross. The big red and white dentist'si office Ruth .pulls up into the schoob yards of tiny Northern Ontario.. hamlets and settlements was paid1 for, by some of the very youngster who will be its firet .patients, , It was their.,pennies, nliekele and dimes .saved for the Junior new Cross that' helped pay for Ruth's= dental coach. Inside is all the regur- lar, dental -equipment, • also a streamlined self-contained .apart- ment for the dentist. This travelling job looking into •small mouths and fixing teeth of Ontario children is' ' 24 -year-old Ruth's first practice. Last - year she graduated. from •the University of Toronto, and then did research at the University of California in San. Francisco. ' • Some girls might frighten at thee project of driving miles late at night over strange roads- But not young Dr. Dundas,- She spent her summers during "school days work- ing at resort places in the North and feels entirely at home. Right. now her big truck is pulled off the road• at Wilberforce, Ont„ Ruth sings well, also plays the piano, but will have little time for these lobbies until she manages to get home for a brief holidays with, her parents, Mr.' and Mrs, R,. A. Dundas, in Toronto. - There is more for Ruth to do when she arrives at any school yard than just open her door and_ ask for her first small customer. She `has. to arrange for electrical power for her, equipment and see that a water supply is available. Allher dental services are free to youngsters who need them. Be- fore she arrives at each school yard word goes ahead to the school inspectors that the big red 'truck. with its travelling dentist is on the way- ' The dental clinic Ruth drives is one of two the Ontario Red Cosa has on the road. But the Red Cross does more - than just send dentists like Ruth into areas where no other dentist is available. They also send well- trained nutritionists to teach the' mothers bow important is proper diet in keeping young mouths ibealthy after the travelling dentist has driven on to the next school. And as far as the youngsters are concerned, the 'traveleing clinic has a very specialAdvantage. No, fuse for them about having to go to the dentist. A pretty young lady den- tist goes to then! - LIFE can Begin AEEll 40,/i.. Around 40 our energy lessens. Rut, es- *erience"haa taught us to do our work with fess effort. The year& aherad should yield Me greatest accomplishments, the moat enjoyment and happiness- They Mn, too, if we avoid the kidney and bladder disorders such•as Boa - ache, Headache, Rheumatic Pains, Lasartade. Lou of Sleep and Energy which so often attack those around 40- For over half a centaay Dodd's Kidney Pills have been "helping nen and women to keep kidneys and bladder fa sold order. if you are nearing 40, or past tats, fon the sake of your health and a happiert future use Dodd's Kidney Pills today! 126r Dodd's Kidney Pills Upholstering Chesterfields and Occasional Chairs Repaired and Recovered,, Factory Guarantee Free Pick-up ,and Delivery Stratford Upholstering Co. 42 Brunswick St., Stratford For further Information enquire at Box's Furniture Store SEAFORTH i • Rubber Stamps and Stencils MARKING DEVICES Of All Types, • Rubber Stamps are essential to any well-run business! 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