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The Huron Expositor, 1949-01-14, Page 2• ,'U F HURON X O I QR' OSIFER 0 bed 1,0' ean, Editor. eaforth, Ontario, ev- rSay ';afternoon by McLean Members: of Canadian Weekly Newspapers Association. scription rates, $2.00 a year in 11'cer. foreign $2.50 a year. Single ;es, .5 cents each. xert sing rates on application. ,A,uthorized as Second Class Mail Post Office Department, Ottawa SEAFORTH, Friday, January 14 Reasonable Approach One of the most reasonable ap- proaches to the oleomargine ques- tion that we have seen during the long drawn-out discussion was that of R. W. Morrison, newly -elected President of the Ontario Federation of Agriculture, when he is reported by the daily press to have said: "Our federation is not opposed to the manufacture of oleomargine, as such. Our complaint is against yel- low margarine which will only con- fuse the public and -lead to the boot= 'legging of butter." Mr. Morrison who, until recently, operated a mixed farm which in- cluded the production of dairy pro- ducts, went on to say that: "Our federation is sympathetic to the consumer and there is no deny- ing the difference in selling price for margarine, which costs 45 cents, and butter, which' is 72 cents," said Mor- rison. "Yellow margarine is a different matter," he said, "There is nothing to stop an unscrupulous person from buying margarine, which looks like butter, for 45 cents and repackaging it to sell as genuine butter at 72 cents." Once the quality of a food product has been determined and it has been proven that it is' not injurious to health, there appears no legitimate reason why that product should not be made available to the public. But as Mr. Morrison suggests, it is not only desirable, but necessary, to en- sure that such a so-called substitute be marketed in such a manner that it cannot be sold to the public as the original. • " The Books Drive On" Probably never in Huron's hun- dred -year history has a concerted effort been made to draw attention to the many attributes which go to make up the County of Huron—its 'beautiful scenery, its quiet rural roads and bustling highways, its pleasant villages and busy towns, its well -kept farms and prize winning stock. It" remained for the Huron Library Association with its film, "The Books Drive on," which was previewed in Seaforth Tuesday eve- ning, to do this and more. Born in the minds of Mrs. Alice Eckmier, County Librarian, and her husband, the sixteen hundred foot film was commenced in 1947, and oc- cupied more than a year in the mak- ing. The running commentory by Tom Rafferty complements the ex- cellent color photography of Bob Henry, of Goderich, as the camera seeks out and finds characteristic scenes throughout Huron. "The Books Drive On" is the story of Huron County's unique library service—the first to be established in Ontario—which by careful planning and close co-operation brings to ev- ery corner of the county a better way of life through books., The dis- tribution of the books throughout the county to hamlet, village and town provides the thread with which the picture is built. As the library truck makes its ounds in every season of the year, e camera records the day-to-day etivites of the districts through thick it drives. It shows the farms th their rich fields of grain and Tided stock, points up the place Mage library occupies in the ,its peo$e,, and shows work - pt ,the larger libraries, such as ih nthingelse the Airs e, diversityj form that • lrf" ±�� e in Huron. or. e,sse !too, in ' nfargettab1e a°pan fashion, the beauties that lie almost atour front door -the scenic drives, the long views of river, hills and trees, The film might well serve as the introduction to a "See Huron First" campaign, for there is little doubt that not more than a few citi- zens of the county appreciate the scenic advantages which the county holds, and which are so readily available to all. The Seaforth. preview, which was arranged by Reeve Frank Sills, chairman of the County Council Library Committee, is the first of showings which will be held through- out the county during coming months. While the picture is the work of so-called amateurs, it far exceeds in so many ways a number of similar efforts by professions that we have seen that it would seem reason- able that it be made available for distribution to a larger audience than is available in Huron. The Na- tional Film Board, for instance, might well consider taking over "The Books Drive On," thus assur- ing it that larger audience which the film so richly deserves. Mr. and Mrs. Eckmier, the Huron Library Association, and the mem- bers of Huron County Council, who through the county grant made pos- sible the project, deserve credit for an unique contribution to the docu- mentary record of the county. In view of the assured success of the Library Association's first effort in this line, it may well be that it would consider further films to record in similar interesting, manner other aspects of life in Huron. • Dust In January It is not often that this district enjoys weather in January such as there has been during the past two weeks. Were it not for calendars, one might well assume the month to be April. What little snow there has been, has almost gone; the fields and roads are bare. In fact, if there is not soon some snow, road maintenance people are going to find it necessary to worry about dust preventatives rather than snow removal. But just to make certain we don't get too optimistic too soon, the wea- therman on Wedneslay introduc- ed a near -zero spell, with accompany- ing snow and winds. s WHAT OTHER PAPERS SAY: A STRONG TOWN (The Winchester Press) A town is only as strong as its in- dividual citizens; only as modern and progressive as its citizens care to make it. It can only progress as its citizens allow it to. How strong is any town? A strong town is made up of people who are civic -minded; people who get out and vote at -election time; people who support town organizations and, if a worthwhile organization gets into difficulties, attempt to keep it going rather than let it fall by the way- side. Its people not only take an in- terest in the town, but are willing to go out of their way to further the town's interests. Its people are working people, business man, pro- fessional man, housewives. But re- gardless of what the individual is or what he does for a living, if he is a worthwhile citizen he will take an interest in the town and try to make it a better place in which to live. But there are other people in the town, too, besides these progressive ones; people who obtain their living in Winchester, but who don't wish to return anything to the town. These are merely residents; the others citizens, Perhaps they serve a useful purpose as critics of the work done by citizens, but by them- selves they do little. Winchester has a Iarge number of citizens, judging from the things they have accomplished making the town a better place in which to live. Every � town has its reside ts. Every Let's be thankful tie Iarge major- of a jor- of its people are citizens. LAZY MEADOWS. By Harry. J. Boyle • It's strange the notions you get when you're sick, in bed. Waving succumbed to the attack of a flu bug, I was sent to bed. • This, I, might add, came about after a long. and furious argument with my wife and a weak spell which I took ` while putting down hay one nigbt.l The world started whirling around j in gay abandonment, and I sudden -1 ly realized what might have pened if I- had tumbled! over with: the lantern into the depths of the mow. I was determined to „ get up for the New Year. Nineteen hundred and forty-nine wasn't going to i catch me flat on my ,back. No, sir! I was going to get up. I spent the whole day in demanding to know what was going on at the stable. Ed. Higgins had been do- ing my chores for. me, and when I couldn't find anything wrong with the work, I had to adopt a new tactic. It wasn't fair to have Ed. working on New Year's Eve when he should be at home. getting ready for the dance at the school- house. My wife just smiled at me in a tolerant way and said, "You- stay in bed where you belong. All you're trying to do is convince yourself that you should be up. The doctor said you weren't to get out of bed until next Wednesday, and that's where you're staying!" I dozed off then. When I woke up there was a maddening smell of sage and •savory and stuffing for the goose, which my wife was getting ready for the next day. I lay there as long as I could. The door would open and I would cock my ear trying to hear who it wan. The breadrean had come. Then I heard laughter and that was ever more trying. There's nothing as bad -as laughter when you haven't heard the joke, The telephone rang. Wiry doesn't my wife go and answer it?, That's dreadful! I start to get out of bed when I bear the kit- chen door open and she comes out to speak. I wonder who it is. I listen, and she's talking about zne. "Poor man, I don't think he'll be able to get up for New Year's! Yes„ it .is a bad time of the year to be sick .. .' and so on. I've got to get up. There's Michael racing through the dining room on that new go-cart or pedal cart, or whatever you call it, that he got for Christmas. 1 distinctly told him not! We've got comipany for tomorrow and the boor will be a mess. Why doesn't his mother stop him. There's the sound of the calves: bawling again. W'hy doesn't some- body feed "them. I've simply got to get up. I'll feel better when I stand on my feet. These are the thoughts that are running through Imy mind. I get out of bed and put my feet on the carpet and then I stand up. Whoops! This isn't much of a deal! The room starts whirling a bit and then down it gees and up it comes, and there are stars in front of my eyes, and then the kitchen door opens and my wife stands listening. I sneak back in- to bed and pull the covers up and glory in the comfort. Things will ' just have to get alofg without me 'fpr a day or so! .ears►g llP:. lntergeong items Picked Frorn. The Huron Expositor Qf Twenr ty five and Fifty Yeaten; Pgo• ' From The Huron Expositor January 18, 1924 .Mr. Ross Scott, of Loudon, spent' the weekend at his home in Bruce - field. An enjoyable evening was spent at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Thos,. Chapman, Brucefield, on Thursday evening when they entertained the teachers and officers of .the Sun- day School. Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Gemmell were presented with a Suitable gift prior to their leaving Sunday School work.. Mr. lames Nichol, who was re- lieving at the Sterling Bank, Hen- sall,has gone to Godierich to take a position there. Messrs. Robert Scarlett and George McKee, of Winthrop, at- tended the Hon. Arthur Meighen's banquet ie. London on Friday of last week. A moat succeseful euchre and dance was held in St. James' Par- ish Hall on Tuesday evening when a large number were entertained. The prize winners in euchre were: Lone hands, ladies' Miss Hioknell; gentlemen, T. G. Scott; games, lad- les, Mrs, Patrick Givlin; 'gentile - men, J. V. Ryan; consolation, Mrs. Cadieux and Joseph Cronin. The table runner was won by Mrs. W. Nicholls and the "buffet set by Rev. Father Laronde, Zurich. For- syth's orchestra furnished the mus- ic for dancing. Mr. W. R. Reid and Mrs. J. F. Reid were in London on Friday last attending the Arthur Meighen banquet. Have Moved To New Home Mr, and Mrs, Charles Thiel have maxed' into. ,their new borne and are getting nicely settled. We wish them every success. Mr. Leeland Willert and family have occupied the homer vacated by the Thiels, also' the Variety Store and Snack Shop„and and we welcome Mr. and Mrs.. 'rancis Kipper to the village dairy which he purchased front. Mr. Willert, and is moving into the living quartera •adtfoining the dairy on Victoria St.—Zurich Her- ald. Twins Celebrate 1 I Dr. C. Mackay has purchased a handsome new driver from Mr. Dale, Constance. Mr. Malcolm McDermid, of Hal- lett, is recovering nicely from hie recent operation for appendicitis. Mr. Wm. Hopper finished drill- ing an artesian well for Mr. Con truck w -a • • Just A Smile Or Two As saon as they landed, the crew of the R.C.A.F. plane were asked by an intelligence officer for a full report on the success of their bombing mission over Berlin. Said the pilot: "You know, I deserve all the credit for this trip. It was my good flying ability that got us over the enemy target." "Very good, young fellow," said the intelligence officer, as he jot- ted this• all down. Said the navigator: "I don't know what the pilot's bragging about. If it hadn't been for my careful plotting of the course, we would never have reached the tar- get. All he did was steer the plane. I'm the one that really de- serves all the credit." Again the intelligence officer jotted it all down and said: "Very good." Next carne the airgunner, who said: "I don't know what the pilot and the navigator have done to de- serve all that credit. The pilot acted as the taxi-driver; all he did was steer the ship. The navigator's plotting wasn't so hot, either. He got us right into a flock of Ger- man fighters„ and if it hadn't been for my accurate shooting we would never have reached the target. I had to knock off a few Jerries to get through. I'm the guy that really deserves all the credit for the success of the 'trip." "Very good," said the intelli- gence officer, continuing his memo. At last came the most important man on the bombing mission, the air -bomber, The intelligence offi- cer looked up and asked: "And what have you to report?" Said the air -bomber: ;'I missed, Huron Federation Of AgricultureFarmNews Fertilizers Go Back a Century The use of barnyard maniere is as old as agriculture itself, Its value was known to the Romans, and a tenth century text -book indi- cates that the Arabs too were acquainted with its properties and with the value of soil composts. Old text -books also give much information about such substances) as waste wool, bones, wood ashes, and fish refuse for fertilizers. Early in the nineteenth century, chemists and botanists began studying the phenomena of plant growth and by 1844 had shown that all the substances used for manure fall into groups containing one or• more of the elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter and lime. The first three of these could be made from materials not previous- ly drawn upon by farmers, and could be manufactured into pro- ducts easy to transport and han- dle on the farm. They became known as artificial fertilizers, or as more commonly known today— commercial fertilizers. The study of both plant growth and soil fertilization has made great strides since those first fun- damental studies in 1800. But when in 1843, J. B. Lawes, of Rotham- sted, England, established the first fertilizer factory and demonstrat- ed their value, he set the stage for improved agricultural production i i Europe, particularly in England, France and Germany, which play ed its part in providing foodstuffs for the rapidly increasing popula- tion. Since that time the use of commercial fertilizers has extend- ed to almost all parts of the world. Developing More Efficient Poultry Breeds At C.E.F. Progress was made during 1948 with three new breeds of chick- ens being evolved at the Poultry Division, Experimental Farms Ser- vice, Dominion Department of Ag- riculture, a large white breed, a broad -breasted white breed, and a small white, plump breed. The large white breed is being bred to combine in one bird the greatest number of desirable char- acteristics from several different breeds. High market quality, with less emphasis on egg production, is the main aim behind develop- ment of the broacabreasted White breed. The third bird is being bred as a small, plump breed with the minimum body size required to produce large numbers of stan- dard. size eggs, so that .maximum produetion may be obtained on the smallest possible outlay of feed. Each elle three breeds show- ed increased egg produetion duriieg the year, that of the large white breed apprd.aching the perforin- ance figures for standard Barred Melte. Uniformity of type is Anna more evident in the pullets raised during 1948, but further selection work for uniformity of type and increased egg production must be done. The scientists also aim to get a white rather than a brown or tinted• egg in all three breeds. A considerable amount of cross- ing has been carried. on, using the broad -breasted white breed. Not only does it have excellent :breast conformation itself but when cross- ed with standard breeds it seems to improve the breast conforma- tion of those breeds. Gains were made in egg size and uniformity of type for the small white breed. The greatest diffi- culty encountered was a somewhat higher mortality figure for the chicks, but more careful attention to management factors promises to improve this situation. Eckert this week. He s ter at 40 feet, which`rose to with in 11 feet of the top. Mrs. W. E. Glennie, of Hunts ville, is a guest at the home o her sister, Mrs. J. H. Best. Mr. Charles Clark returned to Windsor on Friday last. .On Sunday afternoon last the following members of First Pres- byterian S. School were presented with prizes for regular attendance during the past year: Miss Janet Cluff and Miss Margaret Grieve were each presented with a gold brooch, not having missed, one day during 1923. Those who missed one day only were: Harold Cum- mings, B. Grieve, A. Edmunds, Nora Stewart, Dorothy Wiltse, K. Stewart, B. Wiltse, R. Allen, G. Hays, B. Dorrance and J. Scott. Mrs. S. Neely, who has been spending several weeks at the home of her son in London, re- turned.on Tuesday. Mr. R. N. Bissonette spent the week -end in God.erich. Farmer injured OY Cow Alex McDonald,. of the Oroen- arty„ bine, iS ree_4v4 rigfAct . n - juries received when •Mickel; Whale ass/siting a veterinary treat an aril- ing cow. The veterinary, Dr, Titre - bull, and Mr. McDonaldwere the act of giving the animal "an ' injection when it .suddenly Welted out. knocking thefarmer; l►aek- ward, causing him to strike his. head on the cement wall of the manger.. 'Mi, McDo Said ,.s;uffered: concussion and was unconseiolle for three days. His condition- le now greatly improved andhe. ire recuperating succeshfuily.—Exeter• Times -Advocate. New Year's Babies At Hospital Three New Year's Day babies, two girls and a boy, were barn in the Wiagham General Hospital. The happy parents are Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Cummiu, Lucknow, a daughter; Mr. and Mrs. Russell Kelly„ Wingham, a sog; and Mr. and Mrs. Eldon Kirton, Bluevale, a daughter. Wingham Advance Times. Studio Under New Management Last week Mr. Joseph Falconer disposed of his photo studio to Mr. and Mrs. I. Hammerton, of Surrey, England. Mr. Falconer has oper- ated the studio for the past two' years, purchasing it from Mr. Dent. Mr. and Mrs. Hammerton have both had considerable experience in the photographing business, re- ceiving their training at the Lon- don Art School, London, England, and coming to Canada last July_ For the past few months they have been associated with Mr. Falponer in the business, and on January E took over the management of the studio themselves.—Wingham Ad- vance -Times. Changes in Office Staffs At the home of Mr. and Mrs. Ervin Gingerich, Bronson Line, the family of Mr. and Mrs. Chris. Erb, Zurich, were present to celebrate the 60th birthday of the twin sis- ters, Mrs. Erb and Mrs. Simon Lit- willer„ of Manson, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Beckler, Exeter, and Mr, and Mrs. Mervyn Gerber, of Adams- ville, Pa., were present. — C_inton News,Record. Car Destroyed A car owned and driven by Win. Tucker, -.Brussels, swerved and turned around several times on the icy road Thursday afternoon. Get- ting the vehicle under control, Mr. Tucker noticed flames shooting ov- er his head. GIancing around, he saw flames coming through the floorboards between the front and back seate—Brussels Post. Business Changes Hands Mr. Clarence Yegelow /ecently purchased the harness and shoe repair business of Arnold. Stevens. He took possession on January 1. Mr, Pegelow, formerly of Toronto, is an experienced harness and shoe repair man. He is at present mak- ing a number of changes in the shop, but will open for business on January/10. Mr. Stevens has been in possession of the :business which he bought from the late N. Chap- man for the past two and one half years. He will now devote his en- tire time to his farm in Morris Township.—Brussels Post. From The Huron Expositor January 20, 1899 . The annual meeting of the South Huron Reform Association, as con- stituted for Dominion purposes, was held in Dixon's Hall, Bruce - .field, on Wednesday last. The fol- lowing officers were elected: Presi- dent, Alex Mustard, Brucefield; vice-president,- J. C. Kalbfleisch, Hay; secretary, Thos. Fraser, Brucefield; treasurer, John Mur- doch,. Brucefield; municipal chair- men: Hayfield, Dr. Stanbury; Mc- Killop, Geo. Murdie; Seaforth, D. D. Wilson; Hay, Fred Kibler; Hullett, Robert Scott; Stanley, John Ketchen; Tuckersmith, Hugh McCartney; Hensall, Dr. McDer- mid. t3-eorge McEwan, Hensall, J. A. Wilson, Seaforth, and James Lockhart, McKillop, were appoint- ed a committee on resolutions. Mr. John McMillan, M.P., delivered an eloquent address. Mr. John Shepherd, of Chisel - burst, left Hensall on Monday last with a shipment of cattle and sheep for the Old Country. Henry Ryckman and Daniel McCall ac- companied him. i The annual meeting of the Tuck- ersmith Branch of the Agricultural Society was held in Seafotth and the following officers elected: President, W. G. Broadfoot; vice- president, Geo. M. Chesney; direc- tors, Geo. Dale and, David Ches- ney, Tuckersmith; McKillop, Jas. Smith, Wm. McIntosh and John Scott; Hullett, Robert McMillan and Robert Staples; Seaforth, M. Broderick- and Geo. A. Sills. W. J. Knox of Belgrave, and, J. R. Vercoe, of Carlow. have suc- cessfully passed their first year's examination at the Ontario Agri- culture College. A pleasant gathering of young people and a sprinkling of older ones met -at the home of Mr. Wm. Kruse in Tuckersmith on Thurs- day evening. Dancing was enjoyed until 12 o'clock, when a delicious supper was' served. The officers of the Epworth League at Constance were elected as follows: President, E. L. Farn- ham; 1st vide -prey:; Robert Clark; 2nd vice-pres., Mrs.. Waters; 3re vice -Pres., Laura Andrew; 4th vice- pres., Susan Wheatley; corre- sponding secretary, Mary McCully; recording secretary, Robert Rog- erson treasurer, Charlotte Clark; organist, Charles Andrew. Mrs. Stone and Miss Mabel Mc- Naught, of 'Rapid City, Man., and daughter of Mr. David McNaught, M.P.P., formerly of 'Seaforth, are Visiting their aunt, Mrs. George Henderson. Dr. J. G. Scott's spirited Ilene team made a livelyt\ runawayt,�4;n, Wednesday when Dr., Chas: `Lu kay was' drtitting past the 'carding mill, when abolt eame out ante' lot' hwetVe' 'froth 'gide to erde.:� heti them until -they s 1[h.1 ra: k ii ieaehed< �ie i way' t c wiieii be WaS "'that* i" out: :The ponies did riot step Until they readhed:,.theli' own' barn eit,Goderloh St 'West Pullorum Testing Methods Never before has pullorum dis- ease control had such safeguards as are now functioning in Canada as a result of meetings of the Can- adian Pullorum Disease Confer- ence. This informal, loosely -knit group of Canadian workers in pullorum disease control in every province meets annually. It brings together men who pool their know- ledge in testing new methods for the good of the Canadian poultry industry. The idea of this conference arose when the death rate of poul- try from pullorum became alarm- ing. From 1939 to 1943 blood -test- ing of poultry was in a state of confusion. Apparently pullorum bacteria changed their form so drastically that their presence in poultry blood could not be detect- ed by testing agents in use at that time. But clue to the work of men who are now members of the Pullorum Conference,' blood -testing is now more reliable than it ever was. There are still differences between the regular and variant forms of pullorum, although com- bined stain antigen for whole blood testing has proved of great value. As for laboratory testing, which now requires two separate tubes, it is probable that the return to the single tube test is just around the corner. Adopting Canadian methods in diagnosis and control of pullorum, the United States has obtained Canadian pullorum cultures" from the Animal Diseases 'Research In- stitute at Hull, P.Q. How To Care For House 'Plants Those Christmas gift plants will last longer and bloom more pro- fusely if they are given ample sunlight; if. the air is kept "cob' and. moist; if the soil is never allowed: to dry mit; if they are kept out of draughts.; and, if in- Heath. it-seat . are kept' under' control. (t ontiltlted; oil Page 6) Retires After 60 Years in Business With the retirement . of Robert Downing from business, one of Brussels oldest and best known stores will change its name. Mr. Downing, or "Bob" as he is affec- tionately known to the residents of this town and countryside, has completed 60 years of business in. his boot and shoe store. Coming to Brussels in 1886, he started with his father and continued the business with his brother after the death of his father. At that time all the shoes sold were manufac- tured in their own workshop. Dur- ing his 60 years as amerchant Mr. Downing has seen many changes in the town. At one time there were two sawmills, a flax mill, salt block and three carriage shops, which produced buggies, sleighs and wagons. Also there were two Presbyterian .churches, Knox and Melville, but now only Melville re- mains.—Brussels Post. ard. Ken Cameron, who has been working for the past month or so at the express offjce, took over new duties with the New Year, be- ing engaged by Postmaster E. J. Hingst, for post office work. Ken was with the postal corps during the war. He replaces Anna Pearn, who has been working there .the past few months. His place in the express office has been taken by David Burgess, who has been working;in the station with Char- lie Ober, learning telegraphyy,. which he is still continuing as well. -Mitchell Advocate_ Fractures Bones in Wrist in Fall Mrs. Mary Smith, who conducts the Riverside Rest Home, fell on the ice near her residence on Sun- day evening,• breaking two bones in her left wrist, revealed by X-ray taken at Stratford Hospital Tues- day morning. It will be in a cast for six weeks.—Mitchell Advocate. Joins Bank Staff Miss Frances Hollyman has tak- en a position as. junior on the staff of the local branch, Canadian Bank of Commerce. She commenced, her• duties on Monday.—Blyth Stand-• - 1 Looking Forward (By R. J. Deachman) We are standing at the dawn of a new year, looking forward, won- dering what will happen in the year which lies ahead. We are not alone in this world; we have neigh- bors and much of our happiness depends on them. It is a more closely knit world than ever be- fore. This is true despite the fact that there are now large areas in which it would be difficult for a Canadian to put his feet. We have, however, reached the time in which even those who close their doors exert a profound influence on our lives and, as we look forward to the coming year, we wonder what will happen among our friends and ueighbors and among those who, for certain peculiar rea- sons, do not want us to know very much about them. I amconvinced that the situa- tion in Europe is much better than it was a year ago. There are signs that the light is breaking. We hear now of movements for the expansion of trade between Russia and other countries. It is not im- possible that this movement may extend to this continent, and be- fore the year is over we .may be exchanging Canadian products for Russian products and taking Rus- sian goods or Russian gold in ex- change. xchange. Nor are conditions worse in the areas in which the armies of East and West now face each other. There is every prospect for even- tual clashes where two opposing forces are in contact but, when the breaf is long in coming, we are safe in assuming that the chances for it are getting less and less, All is not smooth going in Sovietland. In a "People's Repub- lic" a despot has a difficult task. When we quarrel with our politi- cal leaders in this, country, we throw them out of office. That may be good for them; opposition may be stimulating. The new ••oc- cupants• of the seats of power n1.y find themselves unhappy in their jobs, but it is quite different in a despotism. If the people of Russia quarrel with their leaders, the way out is normally, assassination. It's a messy business, at best, and a new despot is likely to be no bet- ter than the old one. Russia wants AO convert the world to Communism; She is con- fronted now by the Western na- tions; they do not want to be con- verted. 'There is a mere abounds ing freed,o n under democracy than there cottla be under despotism. The barrier's in time may break 'en'd ideas begin to pass backantd forth between Ressfa and `her neighbors.. The curse of desjiotism is that it stifles thought. .tiSt1b hes other tasks, She is ,ptlolifYig' her • aComfnunism hi the bear East. China; may taste• pos- sibly become a Communist nation, but there is. no hope, under Com- munism, of turning China into a happy and prosperous country-. The Communists have promised to break up the land holdings and distribute them among the Chin- ese people. It is a hopeless task. Thirteen acres in China is a large farm, split that once or twice, what have you? A good many people in China own their land, that is only a small area. an acre or two; they live in hopeless poverty. The population is rapidly increasing: Communism is not likely to intro- duce any great fundamental change which will increase the standard of living or take 'the Chinese out of their misery. If Russia .moves East she will have plenty to engage her attention. Nor is Russia without troub:e at home. Marshal Tito, the Yugoslav Prime Minister, is rather restless. The trouble is an economic one; Papa Stalin wants him to do as he is told; Tito has ideas of his own. He wants to import machin- ery, biuld his own factories, de- velop industries. Stalin wants hinr to be a good farmer; send his pro- ducts to Russia; get what he can for them. Nothing may happen, but Tito is very ambitious—mean- while he is threatening to open up trade with Western Europe. The Marshall will be worth watching. Ile may form an interesting part of the European picture in the Coming year. We may expect for the next few years that Russia, balked in Eur- ope, faced with the prospect of a gigantic war if she brings America into the conflict, will look the other way. Some time, of course, there may he a great conflict be- tween East and West with the Pacific Ocean as its base, but that is a matter for a distant day; it is not likely to bring us trouble hi 1949. Meanwhile tension in Europe may slacken, confldeeice may re- turn. America. will continue aid on a gradually reducing scale. Bri- tain is planning to reach a self- supporting basis by 1962. France, one of the richest of the countries of Europe, moves more slowly, but there is hope. Even Italy is im- proving. There are islands of pro- gress like Switzerland and Swe- den, Holland and Belgium. Spain, another despotierra, is a land of blight and hopelessness, but 'even here the recovery of Europe would help. We are not yet in the open but there are faint streaks of dawn. By this time next year tliere'mair be a far More encour- aging sign and the man who writes this message next year may well proclaim clearer skies ahead for' 19% the signs toiitt that way dven.. now. -