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The Huron Expositor, 1941-12-12, Page 6r ^!T u .T+, • MF,fl , t oN E•.1' OSITO. R' COMMANDS SECOND DIVISION 10a-riada At War $y ANNE' ALLAN ,;nV fAII,H•ate EcIEn•wast 'iota -MADE CHRISTMAS GIFTS 77101lo, Homemakers! If you intend to Make some of your gifts this year, we have a few helpful suggestions. Make' use of - materials you've "stow- ed away," and you'll have a lot of fun ne the doing. Remember your favor- ite rag doll? * a Rag Doll The body of a thirty -inch dole re- quires one-half yard of 36 -inch wide cotton material. Brown or yellow yarn will be needed for the hair and brown 'embroidery thread for the eye- brows and lashes, blue for the eyes and red for nose and mouth. Finely cut rags make good stuffing. A dress for this doll requires three-quarters of a yard of gingham and one-quarter yard of white material for the apron. The -body and head will have a seam sill the way . around the sides. The edeces should be cut so that the head is an a -inch circle and the body is 10 inches long. Stitch together (inside - out i on you sewing machine, leaving e three-inch opening: Turn, stuff and sew the opening by hand. Each arm and each leg is also cut with .a seam all the way around. The arm pieces should measure 4% inches across and 12 inches in length. The leg pieces should measure 4% inches across and 13 inches in length. Mark the eyes, nose and mouth before you embroi- der them. Tint the cheeks and hands with crayon. Cut the dress kimona style and gather at together, with string at neck and wrist bands. Make a straight cut apron and sew on a patch. * * * Kitchen Book Ends The automatic iron has taken the place of the antique flat iron which was most inefficient in comparison with the [iron of today. But paint the old irons suitable to your colour scheme and the children will be keen to put their books back between their own book ends. * * * Book Covers For the children's books, sew an oilcloth cover using a long stitch. Ad- justment of the stitch on a sewing machine is a simple quarter turn of the labelled screw. * * .* Gay Aprons The sturdy material from flour or feed bags is well worth considering here. Aprons may be made smart and colourful with a few trimmings. A flour bag 34 or 36 inches wide and 27 inches long will make a waistline apron and a Mb with a halter around the neck to hold up the Mb. Plan trimmings from the odds and endo in your scrap bag. Just a band of pridt' acleess the bottom of the apron above the hem, and the same width used for the waist band will be enough to please a big or little girl, • * * * Appliqued Bibs Make ,a bib for the baby with a cut- out of her favourite nursery figure as an attraction. It can be easily shir- red around the neck, using the. gath- ering foot attachment of the sewing miachine. Coloured thread may be used to make an/ design in a. jiffy with time zig-zag gadget. • * * * Child's Own Cushion A bright red heart -shaped cushion is a favourite with little girls. They are in style for old and Young again,. You can have expert finishes if you put the binder attachment to work whenever you use bias binding for trimming. :k * * Child's Dresser Set Such an inexpensive gift (for their own dresser) helps mother in the nev- 1�1 V GIVES LIGHT; TENDER TEXTURE er eeasixg problem—pride in tidiness during early trainitten Use pieces of worn out sheets, or pieces from too - small organdy dresses, Finish with, coaoured pivoting or hemstitching„ The heanstitcher of the sewing ma- chine is a simple device which saves time. Sewing machines are of- vital im• pprtance ill these busy days. Many homemakers who 'have never used the new models 'leave learned how to do good work without experience. Work- ing for the Red Cross or the British talar Victim groups teaches you the professional tricks and short-cuts. * * * Take a Tip When imported citrus fruits are ex- pensive in winter, serve substitutes. Turnips and cabbage—finely-shredded in salads are excellent. Fruits—can- ned by the oven method—apples, ber- ries, cherries, plums, peaches, pears, etc„ give you full vitamin content. Make it a rule to serve one raw vege- table or canned tomatoes, and plain fruit—once •a day. * * * QUESTION BOX Mrs. J. C, asks: "How can we heat our bathroom—without plugging in a heater?" Answer: Electrodes, encased in glass. Further details have been mailed Mrs. J. C. Mrs. M. Mc. asks: "Ffow can I serve baked onions a new way " Answer: Take a small piece out of the centre acid fill the peeled on- ions with catsup, flavoured with hon- ey. Place in an uncovered greased casserole. Bake in an oven at 350 degrees. (Use 3 tablespoons honey to BIZ cup catsup). • Anne Allan invites you to wrife her c/o The Huron Expositor. Just s a in your questions on homem king problems and watch this little" orner of the column for replies. Hybrid Corn It has been demonstrated by trials at various places that second genera- tion hybrid corn ltsually averages about 20 per cent` less in yield of grain than the first generation em • lie same hybrid. It has also beein/ tat - ed that the second generation hb Y is less productive in yield of ensi age than the first generation, although,. as the Division of Forage Crops, Do- minion Experimental Farms Servi;e, points out, there Is less data Avail- able to support this contention than the case of grain production. MADE IN CANADA Costs less than 1C per average baking W e was a loyal little fellow and he ldn'It let anything said against his parents go unchallenged. One Sun- day afternoon a boy friend said, "Lis- ten to your father snoring." "Dad isn't snoring," 'was the indig- nant reply. "He's dreaming about a dog, and •that'.s the dog growlin'," .THE TELEPHONE SYSTEM -WILL IIE LOADER TOO THIS CHRISTMAS The stores can spread their Christmas rah over several weeks'. But the Telephone Company has to handle an avalanche of Long Dis- tance calls on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day" itself! There's no way to setup a telephone system BIG enough to keep fin tremendous trafficmoving at normal speed. There's no way to predict where the worst jams will occur. Calls normally concentrate between the principal cities, but on this one clay they pour in from widely scattered towns and villages, as old friends exchange personal greetings 'across the miles between. This year, hundreds of telephone people will give up their own Christmas and do their level best to complete .your holiday calls. Every available circuit will be in service. But there are bound to be delays and dis- appointments. If your own calls get caught in the nub, we're sure you'll understand. 1 Mrs. E. M. $oggarth, Manager neo •au;rtnt•• MAJOR GENERAL H. D. G. CRERAR is here 'own behind the sight of an tnti-tank gun during an inspec- tion tour fat Petgwawa training camp. General Crerar has recently been appointed commander of the 2nd Canadian Division overseas,., succeeding Maj. -Gen. Victor W. Odium, who becomes Canada's high commissioner to Australia. Maj. -Gen. K, Stuart succeeded Gen. Crerar as chief of general staff. - Christmas Seal Continues. Work In Free Countries If Einar Holbeil, the Danish Post- master, who way back in 1903, orig- inated the first Christmas Seal, were alive today, his heart, saddened by the bondage of his country to the ruthless Dictator, would be, gladden- ed by the' knowledge that i'n Great Britain), 'Canadel,,, the United St!a.tes and all the remaining free countries of the world, his little Seal is again doing its part in the valiant fight against Tuberculosis. He would also be interested in knowing that the • 1941 seal was de- signed by Mr: A. G. Morrison, a Scots- man born in 'Aberdeen, but who is now an Air Raid Warden in London, Eng. The sturdy happy youngster at his anvil, forging his tools, is symbolic of the'work to be clone in the building up, after the war, of that new world order, which shall • be founded on the principals of Freedom, Justice, Good Health and Absence of Fear. Designed in England and printed in Canada, England says it is not on- ly a Canadian, but an Empire seal as well. The seal should carry a double mes- sage for Canadians this year, for our Canadian Association, hearing of the bomb shattered printide presses of the Mother. Country and'the destroy- ed paper•stocks, gladly' contributed, free of cost to Great Britain, Jamaica and British Guiana, all the seals, en- velopes and 'stationery required in their campaigns. Dreaded from the earliest ages as the White Plague, it was only from the beginning of the present century that active steps have been taken to control and eliminate the disease, and while the death rate per 100,000 of our population has been reduced from 200 in the year 1900 to 63 this year, there is still a tremendous amount of work which the Seal must do. In our own country the death rate from Tuberculosis declined in 1940, but prospects are not so favorable for 1941. -• In Europe, the war's effect .is al- ready painfully evident. In England and Wales the death in male civilians rose 13% between 1939-1940. 1932,In2 Scotland it is the highest since In unoccupied France, the French :Medical Association, report a sharp increase. As early as the year 1915 in the Great War 1914-1918, the military hos- pitals Commission„ Ottawa, requested Queep Alexandra Sanatorium to pro- vide at once for 150 soldier patients and this, witb Federal aid, was done, What we in Can :da must expect, a the result of thie terrible war, no one can yet predict. Our efforts must be redoubled if we are to be prepared to deal with the increase in the disease which medical authorities assure us is bound totcome because of war conditions, and every Canadian who buys a Christmas Seal a helping in a very real way to pro vide "THE TOOLS" which will enable Queen Alexandra Sanatorium, and its (levelling clinics, to combat this great scourge. Alf we ask is the little from the y ' 4'111 Wartime Prices and Trade Board (By Frederick Griffin) Christmas shopping in Canada this year is taking place under the tight halter of price control. Merchants cannot charge as they please for goods. Price tags have been held back by law since December 1st to Fall levels. Over 300,000 Canadian traders from the big city store to the merchant at cross-roads—baker, milkman, . jewel- ler and hardware man alike—are now operating under the retail price ce.l- ing set by the Wartime Prices and Trade Boai'd as 'of the basic period September 15 to October 11. The costs of such essential services as • electricity, gas, plumbing, pain/ti-ng, laundering, cleaning and tailoring -,are likewise hell against a rise. Funer- als •and movies, -hairdo and hot dog, pop, beer and hard, liquor are equally anchored down. Beer gave the Board its first chane -e to crack down on•'a price raise. On Saturday, November 29th, Ottawa ho- tel keepers took occasion to boost it a nickel a quart, from 30 to 35 cents, because they had previously been sell- ing at a low price to trutseii their riv- als across the river in Hull, Quebec. On Monday, December 1, the day price control went into effect, they had to take that nickel off fast at the Board's order and go back to their price as of the basic period. this iilustrates simply how, the con- trol works. Great Human Experiment Since December 1, Canada has put into effect under the democratic sys- tem, one of the g;'eatest- human ex- periments in economic control in his- tory.• Dictator states have establish= ed such controls by gestapo methods. Can Canada matte it work by husf- ness co-operation and the public will? ' Heayy penalties are provided, it is true, for chisell•ers and cheaters, A license 'may be revoked and a _busi- ness shut down for serious fnrac- tion. Stiff lines and 'jail terms are provided. But here at Ottawa head- quarters it is,said frankly tbat polic- ing; -alone could not make price con- trol a success, esf ecially if business were rebellious and the public indif- ferent, it world be obviously impossible to check the billion and one transac- goods. The purpose is to maintain nssrtciations the "squeeze" sharing which may be required down the line from retailer through wholesaler ,and manufacturer to producer in order to keep under the ceiling. 'Merchants, fishermen, farmers, milk producers, bakers, clothing manufac- turers—any of these groups might have resisted. Instead, the evidenne is that all have sought to shoulder their share fairly and agreeably. Consumer Interest Quickened lleports received during the early days of the control showed it in full Operation. The ' public saw little change. ere was nothing dramatic about the way it went into effect. Peo- ple bought and sold as usual and there was no one present ta say them nay. The only real sign of the change was auickened interest in the prices ilscha d. iggest misunderstanding reported on the part of the public was the be- lief of many that a one -price ceiling had been set for each and every com- modity. A cumber of housewives complain- ed to the Board or' to a regional of- fice that merchants were charging varying prices for butter, eggs, shirts and other items. They felt thet Mr. Jones should not charge more than Mr...Smith up the street; that depart- ment store, chain store and independ- ent should all show one price. Competition Remains There is .to be no such levelling. The Board made no attempt to hit at trade freedom. Competition remains and the prices of various commodi- ties will vary from store to store as they always did—so long as each store sells within the prices it charg- ed during the basic period. In Ottawa the Board, its commit- tees and administrators stay hard at work evolving principles, meeting problems that arise, and making ad- justments to ease tbe strain on a particular industry or group. One of the most important problems it has sought to solve is that of imports. After a thorough analysis of the sit- uation it announced a system of sub- sidy payment by the Government to case of certain cost rises on imported tions that take place daily across Can- the price ceiling polley in respect to ada. That is not contemplated. In- stead, business and the public are being asked to play ball in their Own and the nation's interest. Self-regulation is Keynote imported as well as domestic goods. This means that the Government— .the last analysis, the public—takes its share of the "squeeze" where im- ported materials or goods sure in a Pndeed -the Board from the start transaction at a ,fixed retail price, turned to• business and asked ft toCertain Exemptions forge its 'own -:controls. Administra- Teter� re will be exemptions from this tors were appointed from within the subsidy and the Board reserved tbe eanke of Wiriness men, manufaetur- right to exdlu`J,e any goods. Looked ers and producers. These are work- at generally, it will 'have the effect Eng tint with various groups and trade of ,easing the situation in many • No. 6—."FIELD GUNS" - (By C. Earl Rice, formerly of the Springfield `Dimes, La Du Bon- net, Man.). One of the meet interesting stories concerning our war effort, deals with the production of 25 -pounder field guns, Shortly after the outbrealc of war, a firm in the Province of Quebec, was asked to undertake the, manufacture of 2'5 -pounder field guns, for the Bre tishtnd French Governments. Its existing . plant was inadequate and there was no trained persopnel for this kind of work. But trained men came over frorp France to assist, new buildings were got under way, and plans made to start production in the new factory during the summer of 1940, The whole picture was changed, however, by^hhe fall of France. The technicaladvisers returned home af- ter the German occupation of their country and the Department of Muni- tions asked one of the automobile companies if it would undertake to get the plant into production. This automotive company started to work, and many of its highly trained men were taken from their commer- cial positions and sent to this town in Quebec to assist in the new war fine dustry. Today, this gun factory is• 3n full production, producing not only 25 pounder field guns, li)ut 'naval gun barrels as well. The plant, in the heart of Quebec Province, consists of three large, mod- ern, light, airy buildings, with a total floor space of 600,000.s -quare feet. The complete gun and carriage is made in this plant. Of the 2,111men employed, about 75 per cent were recruited from the district ,immediately surrounding the plant. The rest- are from various large cities in the province. There are also more than a hundred young women who do inspecting of 'various operations. in the apprentice school. 375 men are being given training ih specialized work to take care of fur- ther expansion. Steel Made in Plant The steel for these guns is made right in the plant from scrap metal The scrap pile look's like a smal mountain and several thousand ton are piled up at the present time: - huge press, which exerts a pressur of 2,000 tons, squeeze the ingot unti it is brought to the desired size and length. The. ingot is then shaped,.on a huge forge. The approximate weight of a rough barrel forging is - 2,470 pounds, and the approximate weight of a finished barrel is 420 pounds. The operations through which the barrel passes from the rough forging to the finished ar ticle are many and varied. Following the heat treatment, th barrel is tested for physical proper ties,,. and if satisfactory is passed by inspection. A sample must be cut . from the barrel , and sent to the lab for testing. Seldom is a guts barrel cut to the desired length in one operation. If the barrel were cut to length in one operation, and a subsequent heat treatment required another sample for testing, there would be no way 01 obtaining it. Precision Work • The inside of the barrel is given two boring operations, which require 22 hours, After this it is honed for five hours..The outside diameter is then turned again, taking 10% hours, following, which, both ends are thread- ed, for the autofrettage test, this op- eration also taking 10 hours. !Autofrettage is in. many r'e'spects the most interesting part of the whole procedure, . This -is where the physi- cal properties of the gun steel are beyond those which could be obtained by ,heat treatment. Four gauges are ,placed around the barrel, two near the breech end, one in tilemiddle, and one at the muzzle end. The size of the barrel is measured at these points down" to one 10 -thou- sandth of an inch. Both ends of the barrel are then plugged, and through the breech end glycerine is pumped into the barrel by a high pressure pump; until a pressure of 20 toils to ,the square inch is attained. Read- ings are then taken of the gauges on the outside of the barrel. If there is no indication of strain er undue stretching, the pressure is,. ;then brought up to 24 tons, theft to 28, then to autofrettage pressure varying between "28% and 33 tons. It is im- possible to use water for these tests, as water freezes at pressures as creat as those used. Under the extreme pressure, the outside of the barrel will expand by as much as '2 to 20, 10 -thousandths Of an inch. This test is important because it dhecks any w*ens that might cause the bar- rel to expand *evenly throughout its length, when the gun is being fired. The carriage for the gun is built on assembly line methods, Bach man does his one job, and the carriage is then passed on to the next operator. Unlike the motor industry, however, each operation takes a great deal of time. There is much work that must Seplete. done by'hand, and the detail is very exacting, and often one -opera- tion requires several hours to com- The same care anti' detail that goes into the manufacture of the barrel, goes into theme production of all the component parts of the gun. When the gun is completed and checked, it is sent to the proving grounds. 1 s A e • e branches of the clothing and, textiles industries, for example, and in other essential manufactures depeneent -M wleple or in part on imports. Another important order exempted farmers from Licenses when they buy feeder cattle, lambs or weanling pigs for fattening or finishing. Only 'when they buy such stock for quick turn- over must they have licenses as deal- ers. Thus the Board is meeting condi- tions as they arise and, seeking to re- move inequalities or bottlenecks to the flow of cbmmoditiee as a result Of price fixing. It is - , evident that there is a strong desire to interfere as little as possible with trade prac- tices and channels. The only aim is to maintain the ceiling established. there will be no tainperfng with that. OurFoodSupply (By John Atkins, Farmer -Journalist), No. 8 --"SOCIAL SECURITY FOR WHOM?" • - `SociaL security is now the economic objective of democratic;, peoples: The Atlantic Charter, the new democratic creed written by Churchill and Roose- velt, looks forward to a time when "all men int all lands may live., out their lives in freed /n:0 from fear and want." In the democratic countries ef- have been made to ensure so- cia ec ty. Unemployment insur- ance, old age pensions, workmen's compensation, and many lesser schemes have been introduced in the hope that they would lessen the risks of the 'individual and tend to stab- ilize the national economy. In Canada such efforts have result- ed in class privilege and have been an important cause of the disparity between the earnings of farmers and urban workers. -. It is not generally realized,that farmers pay their share of the cost of unemployment insurance. and work- men's compensation from which they derive no benefit. They are also at a disadvantage in the old age pension: plan. Onthe surface le appears that em- ployees and employers pay the whole eost of -the unemployment insurance plats. They make the direct contri- butions except for the cost of admin- instration' which is borne by the gov- ernment. The truth ia that farmers pay the cost of unemployment insur- ance for urban workers in the price of the goods they buy. If the cost of unemployment insurance •which is part of the manufacturing and selling cost of goods, is not included in the price of the goods employers and em- ployees 'cannot continue to make them. Thus,. to the extent that they buy urban -made goods, farmers pay the insurance -bill. Likewise, farmers pay the cost of workmen's compensation. The direct contributions are made by employers and are charged, as part of the cost of doing business, to their customers. When farmers buy these goods they pay the cost of workmen's compensk- ttion. When farmers suffer accidents they pay the -Cost of medical services themselves and get nothing for their lost time. • Farming is one pf the "hazardous" occupations and the cost of accident policies is so high that farmers can- not afford this form of insurance. The insurance companies cannot afford to sell accident insurance to farmers at rates that would result in losses zo them. - The fact is that farming is so haz- ardous that' the farmer must run all of his own • risks while he -helps to pay for the urban -workers' compensa- tion insurance. A serious accident is disastrous to a farmer and his family, yet he is in more danger of a serious accident than the great majority- of those for 'whotiworkmen's compensa- tion is provided. He cannot even buy accident insurance at rates which cov- er most workers who are protected 'by compensation. It is unfortunate that most of our attempts at social security have been patterned upon the eeperiments of highly industrialized Great Britain and the United States where the na- tional economic problems are quite different. If social security is a Canadian ob- jective, and it is, it will , -be necessary to employ much more Canadian orig- inality in working out our schemes and experiments. Our attempts to ensure security should be directed to the security of all and should not be expedientenwhich increase the priv- ileggs of some at the expense of oth- ers, thus tipping the scales against those who finally pay the bilis. Two colored gentlemen, wlio had just reduced the population of a far- mer's hen 'noost, welile making a get- s way. 'Laws, Mos•e," gasped Sam, "Why you s'pose them flies follows us so close?" "Keep gailioplin', nigger," said Mose. "Them ain't files, ,tlsem'is buckshot-" t 1 ' Mrs. Hoyle: "How did you enjoy your vac'drion?" Mrs. Doyle: "I had a very dull time," Mrs. Hoyle: 'Was your husband with you too?" • Bashful Swain: "What would you do if you were in my shoes?" Heartless Girl: "Clean 'em." TORONTO Hotel Waverley - SPADINA AvE. AT COLLrpS ST. SINGLE I. $Tao to $3,00 DOUBLE - $240 to $6,00 Special Weekly Monthly 12ates A MODERN , . . QUIET... WELL CONDUCTED ... CONVENIENTLY LOCATED HOTEL ... Cloeo to Parliament Buildings, University of Toronto, Maple Leaf Gardena, Fashionable Shopping District, Wholesale Houses, Theatres, Churches of Every Denomination, A. 151. POWSLL, President