Loading...
The Huron Expositor, 1939-11-17, Page 6r ;t+ r-; eF L uacks Thrived And Killed Many gi.New France passed under s ,'-ails in 1763, there were few h speaking people in the coua- tre:' In Quebec there were only three Or four hundred, snostly tra,ders who and: 'coxae, to .the country in the wake of the armies. In Nova Scotia there Were not more than 10,000, of whom, 3,0000 resided in Halifax. So little was known of the country that, when peace terms were discussed, at Paris, there was a divergence of opinion as to whether Great Britain. should re- tain Canada or accept Guadeloupe in the West Indies instead. It is not surprising, therefore, that the British people did not turn their eyes with enthusiasm towards Canada and that there was no sudden influx of immi- grants franc the British, Isles. Under the French regime, the coun- try had been fairly well supplied with physicians and surgeons• and a few of them were 'men of high professional standing but, following the British occupation, French fortunes were at, low ebb and, as all connection with France was cut off and little oppor- tunity afforded young men to proceed to France to study, there was a short- age of well qualified physicians. During this period of transition, the British surgeons who. had accom- panied the troops flourished, but, as there were no laws governing the practice of medicine, many charlat- ans took advantage and preyed upon the people. The result was that in many districts men who were .totally devoid of the most elementary know- ledge of medicine and surgery called themselves "doctors" and practised medicine. Blake, who was surgeon of the 34th Regiment, Quebec, in a letter to the Comanittee of His Majesty's, Council on Populationt, deplored the fact that so many inexperienced and illiterate men were engaged in the practice of I medicine and surgery. On one occa- sion he questioned one of these doc- tors regarding a remedy he had giv- en a patient. The doctor told him he had given two ounces of mercury. This was enough mercury to kill a ' regiment. In another instance he re- fers to a doctor who, finding it im- possible to convplete the delivery of a child, out off its head and threw it into a bucket. The father declared l4 Y�I • HURON E li TOR •' r4 NOVEMBER 17, 1939. that his child's ,head appeared to him like St. Jahn the Baptis't's in a fiery cauldron. Blake said it was his opin- ion that this man had killed more Canadians than the Americans dad in the War of 1775. He says, "I ooiild give many instances of murder be- ing perpetrated by imposters with im- punity." In view of the many abuses that occurred in the practice of medicine by unqualified persons, a Medical Act was passed in the year 1788, which prohibited any person fer3m practising physic, surgery or midwifery in the towns of Quebec and Montreal or their suburbs without a license from the Government or the Commander - in -Chief of the Province. To obtain a medical license it was necessary to be 21 years of age and to have serv- ed an apprenticeship of five years with a practising physician in the province. One of the first to obtain a License under the, Act was La Terrier°, who had studied at Cambridge. During the course of his examination La Ter- rier° objected to the way in which some of the questions were put to him by Dr. Fisher, one of the exam- iners. He said he understood the purport of the questions and had his answers ready but wished to have the questions put scientifically. Dr. Flab- er replied that be could put the ques- tions asked to himself in his own way. Pr. Oliva, another of the ex- aminers, asked him the difference be- tween a sick person in a book and a sick person in bed. La Terriere an- swered that the 'difference was the same as that between theory and practice. Not such a bad answer at that! La Terriere's remarks when he was advised that be had passed his examinations are amusing. He says, "I thanked them all and, at the door, the assistants complimented me and shook hands with me. I called on my friends throughout the city with much gratification because it was generally known that I had' pass- ed with honour to myself and those who had graduated pee, and all warm- ly complimented me" He had a fairly good opinion of himself! A quarter of a century had elapsed from the time of the Treaty of Paris to the passage of the first Medical Act and, as there was no control over the practice of medicine during that period. one can easily imagine the in- numerable abuses that existed. Fol- lowing that period and until the es- tablishment of the Montreal Medical Institution in 1824, the only way of acquiring medical knowledge was through apprenticeship or by study in other countries. L CAETAiLERS YOU HAVE RIGHTS ! • yOU know that a manufacturer includes in the sell- ing price of his product a percentage for press ad- vertising -a percentage ranging from 3 to 5 per cent. -sometimes, 'even more -when consumer -resistance is great or when the gross profit margin is very large. So, when a manufacturer spends $50,000 a year on press advertising, it can be assumed that the total annual sales of his product amount to from $1,000;000 to $1,500,000. Now, if you are stocking a nationally -advertised product -advertised in big -city dailies and in nationally - circulated magazines, you have a right to see this product also being locally advertised -in this .newspaper. Your total annual sales of the maker's product, joined to those of its other local distributors (if there are others), en - .title you to demand that the product be locally advertis- ed in this newspaper. Clearly, it is not right that you should be required to promnte the sale of a product inithe territory served by this newspaper, without receiving from the manufactur- er the same kind and degree of sales assistance which he is giving retailers resident in cities where he is spending a lot of money on local advertising. Quite too often manufacturers don't advertise in lo- cal weekly newspapers, saying the city paper is used. They forget, however, that their sales in towns served by weekly newspapers provide an advertising fund. which should be spent locally. Why should the contributions from local sales to the maker'sadvertising fund be spent outside the local sales territory? You've got a first-class case to put before manufac- turers who want you to stock and push the sales of their product, then why not present it, either direct, or through the maker's representative when he calls? (N.B.-Cut out this advertisement and show it to the representative of firms whose products you are asked to stock and push). • The Huron Expositor Established 1860 - - McLean Bros., Publishers ,'.,.. il,rale tz 1ttti,, ;, �V.4d.�{ 11M4rrd.Ki4k{..rl� d: ±:d Don't Miss `SALADA' STAMP CLUB "DRAMA of STAMPS" WEDNESDAYS Q P.>*!. w1' CFRB In Upper Canada the first physi- cians to practise medicine were Army surgeons who bad retired from,' ser- vice. . Only a few came direct from the Old Country to practise. The Unit- ed Empire Loyalists, 'who settled in Upper Canada, were dependent for medical treatinent upon the garrison surgeons at Kingston, Niagara and Detroit. Settlements were made along' the St. Lawrence by disbanded sol- diers, among whom were a few sur- geons and hospital mates who had' been ''attached to various regiments. Their names are found in the United Empire Loyalist -List. A year before the List was created, steps were tak- en to raise the standard of medical practice in Upper Canada, but we are told that as late as 1812 mane' of the physicians of Upper Canada were to- tally ignorer' of anatomy, chemistry and botany, r 'd many knew nething whatever of r essical learning or'gen- era] science. Linters of doctors of that time show ignorance of the Eng- lish language and inability to spell even the simplest words. The King- ston Gazette of that time contains an appeal to the public and Parlia- ment against quacks who, as the Gazette says, "without one ray of sci- ence presume to thrust the created into the presence of the Creator." However, in 1815, an Act was passed to license doctors. Following this, there was a great improvement in the situation in Upper Canada and many well-trained, skilful doctors began to appear. One of the doctors wile practised in those days was Dr. Dunlop, who was best known for his extraordinary Will. It is worthwhile reading his Will, at least in part. He left some of his property to two sisters: one because she was married to a minis- ter whom (God help 4him) • she hen- pecked; the other because she was an old maid and not market rife. To the eldest son of old J'ohm, as the representative of ,the family, he gave his silver tankard. He said he would have given it to old John himself but he was afraid he would meltit down to make temperance medals and that would be. a sacrilege. In bequeathing his Bible to his sister Jenny, he add- ed the comment. "When she knows as much of the spirit of it as she does the letter, she will be a better Chris- tian than she is." I-Iis late brother's watch he willed to his brother Sandy, at the same time exhorting him to give up Whiggery, radicalism and all other sins that most easily beset him. To his brother Alan .he gave his big silver snuff box, saying he was ,in- formed he was rather a decent Chris- tian with a swag belly and a jolly face. To Parson Ohevasse he gave the snuff box he got from the Sarnia Militia as a small token of his Wati- tude for the service done the family in taking his sister that no man of taste would have taken. He was very apfpreciatiive, wasn't he? To this sis- ter Janet he gave his silver cup with a sovereign in it because she was an old maid and pious. He also left her his grandma's snuff -mull because he thought it looked decent to see an old woman taking snuff. One of the best-known physicians of that time was Dr. John Rolph. He was a politician, member of the Bar and lecturer in medicine. He took an active part in the Rebellion of 1837. It is said he planned to seize arms in the City Hall, imprison the chief offi- cials and establish a Provisional Gov- ernment with himself as Governor. After Mackenzie's failure to takes 'To- ronto, Rolph sought safety in flight. On ,'his return he established Rolph's School of Medicine, which later be- came the Toronto School of Medicine. The physicians of those days exper- ienced many hardships. They lived andpractised medicine in the pre- rhorse and buggy days. They spent most of their time in the saddle on lonely trips through sparsely settled country, most of it through bush roads that were almost impassable. They were the pioneers. They were seldom paid in cash and often their only, reward was the heartfelt thanks of the early settlers. As Opportunity was afforded for medical study, the more populated villages and towns be- came very well supplied with physi- cians but the sparsely settled districts were devoid of doctors. The story of the practice of medi- cine in the Maritime Provinces dupli- cates that of Upper and Lower Can- ada. Among the early practitioners were many illiterate and unscrupulous men. Some of them obtained diplomas in the Western States solely on the payment of $100 or $150. The first qualified physicians in Nova Scotia were army surgeons. In that province the system of apprenticeship was in force until a comparatively late date. Here's an extract from an old in- denture of apprenticeship drawn up in 1838. It is Taid down that the ap- prentice "shall serve after the man- ner of such an apprentice; he shall conceal his m'aster's secrets, obey bis reasonable and lawful commands ev- erywhere and shall not frequent tav- erns, alehouses or play at any unlaw- ful games or contract matrimony." Apparently they considered :marriage ,an unlawful game for apprentices! The Loyalists who came to .NVew Brunswick in 1783 brought a blintitul of medical men with them. One of them was Dr. Samuel Moore, who performed the first autopsy in New Brunswick. It was performed on the body of a negro who was murdered. Nancy Mosley was accused of the murder. She was found guilty of manslaughter and ordered to be branded with the letter "M" in the brawn of the thornsb and discharged. Things were done with d.iepateh in WINTHROP AND HOL CONCERT Pageant, "Little Lights," is Feature of Annual Presentation. The annual concert of the "Helping Hand" ,M'isston Bandl of Cavan Church woes held Friday evening, Nov. 10th, under the leadership of Mrs., E. Toll, assisted by Mrs. Craw, M.i-e. McFar- lane and Olive Pryce. Mrs. Craw act- ed as chairman. The cMldren pees- ented an excellent program, consist- ing of songs, duets, solos, dialogues and recitations. A pageant, "Little Lights," by the junior group, was a challenge to us in a Cba'lstian dowvtry to help those who are still in the dark. The jun- iors staged a veny fitting peace ex- ercise, showing very clearly that all countries should dwell together in unity. The presentation of the mite boxes by the juniors was very pretty. A manger with the baby Jesus in it, with Mary and Joseph seated beside, .lade an appropriate stage setting. The cradle song by the little tote in pyjamas, carrying oandles, llooked very pretty. The eenior group clos- ed with a stewardship playlet, "Such As I Have." "God Save the King" was sung and lunch served. The sewing anuli woodwork articles made by the 'Bar$' were 'well done and everything was ,sold. The Band has herd a real successful year. 6+a,rwil�'�t1'+�i 01•1r01M, DUBLIN a hreer weeks' trig to BufTake Ham,y I. Dingemuµa, w+hroise wife was foalmerlty Miss Jean McConnell, rank- ed third in the recent elections for co m''ci0dons .in the City of Detroit. 111eet nt vielttors: Mr. and Mrs. Jer- ry Catnvpbell and daughter, Frances, of Mt. Carmel, accompanied by Mob - and Ayotee, Zuidoh, at •t)te home of John Dillon; M. and Mrs. Leo Perry, Windsor, called on friend here dur- in+g the week; Kenneth Dill, of To- ronto, wee a week -end+ visitor with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. P. Dill; Mrs. Joseph Ryan in London; Joseph Nagle in Stratford. Mr. and Mere Carl Stapleton are, moving eater* to (their residence on the hvigihrway. Mr. and Mm. Wtm. 3. O'Rourke will take up residence in their new home on Raglan St, ' recently purchased from the Hawley Estate. Mr. and Mrs. Brown shave leased the home of ,Ma: and Mrs. William O'Rourke. Jannis Looby is ,seriously ill at his home from an attack of pneumonia. ! Elaborate preparations. arebeing made for the fowl supper,' to be held in St. Patrickls parish .Mall on Wed- nesday, Nov. 15tiht It is sponsored by the Altar Society under the cap- able leadership of the president, Miss Molly O'Connell. Dan Wiilf amts .rade a recent busi- ness trip to Pittsburg Frank Donnelly has returned from those days! Prince Edward Island seems to have had a number of highly qualified physicians from the very earliest days. The first as far as we are able to ascertain, was Roderick MacDon- ald, a native'of Inveresshire, Scot- land, and a .member of the Clan Ronald. He arrived in Prince Edward Island in 1772. The period under discussion was one of transition from the emperical practices of the Middle Ages ,to the scientific procedures of a later day. The conquest took place at a time when medicine was divesting itself of its mediaeval garments but had not yet devised an entire suit of mod- ern clothes. Benjamin Rush, as late as 1789, was attempting to reduce all fevers to one and all diseases to one among the plaudits of his students. The humoral theory of disease had not been wholly discarded, and de- pletion, characterized by bleeding, purging and blistering, was the popu- lar treatment for all diseases. When we realize that it was only in 18:12 the British Parliament passed an An- atomy Act enabling students to study anatomy, we can understand why the standard of the profession was so low. The science of physiology was not thought of, antiseptics and an- aesthetics were unknown, and only a few diseases were'clearly defined. it is not surprising. therefore, that the expectation of life was low and that the death rate in cities was more than three times as great as at pres- ent, nor that people should be oblig- ed to petition the Government to pro- vide them with qualified physicians and surgeons by the establishment of authentic medical schools. Today we are enjoying the benefits of their ef- forts. "SELHURST" EVACUATION (By Eileen Vick'e'rs) Hustle and bustle everywhere, Cries of good -byre rending the air; Rucksacks, cases, and parcels, of food People in every kind of mood. Cries from daughters, distress from mothers, S.dhoodgtirhs of "Selhurst" with little brothers - Crying and drowlring, or laughing with glee - Happily hoping to go to the sea. Then for the long march to the sta- tion, Aly on this great. d'ay of evacuation. Heavily l'ad'en., the children tramp on, Waving good-bye as they march along. Aa'rived on the platform, they all had to wait Far the train to come in, as It was late. Then shouts, of joy'rose on every elide Fore by someone the train had been espied! "W'hene are we going?" was asked once again, ("Beigibt sir it said on the front of the train) ; But no one knew unrtl'l half -wary there, They were going to Hove, to the fresth sea air, "We're male there" anon canre the orielw, (Such patting of hair and straighten- ing of ties), And then the train stropped, and out they all trooped, "Hooray! We're here!" the child:rem wthoopedl Outside the station and into the bus, Standing eeadty and waiting, special for ,les; Start up the engines and away we go, Straight for the school, though we didn't know. Once at the schooi, we waited for a Ihomne, Feeling like slaves being bought et .Roue. But at long last we reached our des- tination', After the 'long day of evfacuat]on. STANLEY Mr. and Mrs. Pence Johnston and Mfrs. Elmore Stepheneon srpent Sun- day,' with Mr. and Mrs. Fraser McFar- lane and family of Aiiso. Craig. • Bruce McClinchey, Elmore Steph- enson and Jack S'cotehanere are on a deer hunting trip to the Bruce Pen- insula this week. , Mr. Ed. Lowden, of Hamilton, call- ed on friends in this vicinity on Tues• day. Mr. Wen. Palmer and daughter, Mies Roxie, of Hamilton, visited with W. Reid and family, of Verne, a week ,'ago IIILLSGREEN Mr. Louis Forrest and sister, Miss Mary Forrest, are visiting .w i 1< h friends in Marlette, Mich. Mr. Russel Consitt and 'Mr. Ralph Turner have purchased a new Farm All tractor. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Robinson vis ited over the week -end with friends in Landsat. Mr. and Mrs. William Davidson were visited over the week -end by Mb'. and' Mrs. George Davidson and Mr. and Mrs. David Davidson and baby, Dalton, of Stratford, and Mb's Georgina Seiler, of Mlonkton. to Prevent Colds." A %otter was read frolm a veteran of the Great Was, now a postal :olenk in Brockville, thank- ing the Institute for the boxes he re- ceived regularly whole 'in France. No one could recall his name as being on the BRue'ale Institute's mailing list, but ilhe members appreciatted, his kind references after twenty years_ Miss Olive Scott ,'clad some letters which the Bluevabe Literary Society bad sreoeived in 1925 from former B1vevaie boys who recalled their childhood days spent in this vicine city. The writers were the late Dr. George Musgrove, of Niagara Fal4s; Fulton Pitmanins, of Toronto, the late W. H. Stewart, of Acton, and Louis B. Duff, of Welland. Collectors were appointed to canvass the neighbor- hood for money to buy materials for sewing and knitting for the soldiers. It 'was recalled that durinrg the Great War this Institute's contribution, through. the co-operation of the peo- ple of the immediate vicinity, reach- ed a total of $7,500. Mrs. Gallaher served refreehmrents, assisted by Mrs. James Elldottt. A Remembrance Day service was Lead in the United Church on Sunday morning where Rev. C. Taveeer used an episode in the life of Elijah to bring a message of hope. Rase Smith sang a fine sob. The young people of Ebenezer United .Chune'h theld a social. in the school house on Friday evening with a good attendtaace. • Mrs. C. Tavenesr, snrperintendent, is • arranging an entertainment under the ausp'i'ces of the Mdlision Band, for Wednesday evening, when there will be lantern slides and musical num- bers. Hugh M. Creaser, of Knob uoliege, preacher i n Knox Presbyaeri'an Church on Sunday. Miss Isabel McKinnon, of Water- loo, spent the week -end at her home here. Miss Jean Timtompson, of Teeswater, spent a few day's with her grand+par- cant's, • Mr. and Mrs. Chris. Hethering- ton. Mr. and Mins. Cecil; Griffiths, of Guelph, 'Visited reiativele -ever the week -end. Cleat Yeo, Allan Larder and Mr. Gerrie 'have gone to Kitchener where they will work for the C.N.R. BRUCEFIELD Mrs. James Berry spent a few days with friends in London. Mr. and Mrs C_ Halstead and son, of Stratford, spent Sunday with Mr and Mrs. T. H. Wheeler. Mr. and Mrs. T. Dunlop, of Chats worth, spent the week -end with Mr. and Mrs- Ross Scott.' .Mr. and Mrs. R. McKenzie and chil dren, orf Detroit, visited Tele tiiyes here. Mr. and Mrs. H. Zapfe return ed to Detroit with them for a visit. Misys Una Cameron of 'Toronto vis ited her cousin, Mrs( Zapfe, over tihe week -ends Mrs. T. H. Wheeler is visiting her d'aurgtter in Stratford,. Mr. and Mrs. Frank McKenzie, o` St. Louis, spent a few days with Mrs Margaret M c Kenai e. Mrs. J. O'Brien spent last Wednes day in London Misst Marks es, visiting with Mrs. J Thompson_ D:t Wm. Ailsen'head, of Toronto, and Mr. and Mrs. John AikenTead, of London, spent the week -end with rel atives in the community. KIPPEN ...sr Those who were privileged to at tend the November meeting of the Wlomenee Missionary Society in con junction witch th'e. Mission Circle- of St Andrew's, Church, experienced a treat, the truths of which will linger in their mreunaries.. With Gladys John- ston presiding, a call to worship pre- ceded the opening prayer hymn "Breathe on Me, Breath of God." The Scripture reading from the 137th Psalm, carried out the theme topic, "Our Retspanse to Godes missionary purpose and prayer for the nations at wrar." Mies, McGowan was the guest speaker. After a brief discourse of cher two years sspent in' Clhina, a num- ber of beautiful articles were display- ed, showing what the artistic Chin- ese worker can do if given an oppor- tunity. Miele McGowan chose the ]fives of Genleralimsnmo and Madam Chiang as her opic, stating. if we would follow their ideals the' world would not be at war today. But the fact stile remains the need is great and workers are required until such tian,es as Ithfeir own doctors and nurs- es are educated to carry on. Madame C'hiatntg's words et enconnagement are "Prayer is our source of guidance." One whole hour is spent with God at the beginning of their day, which, no doubt, is the secret of their success. "More things are wrought by prayer than tbd+S world drealmtg of." When we are prepared to go all the way with Christ, then things begin to happen. Tthe ,meeting closed with "0 Von Haste Thy ' Manion Glad Ful- filling" and the Load's Prayer. A. so- cial huff hour was spent over the tea, cups. BLUEVALE The Frdendmthip Circle, organized girls' ohms in the United Church Sun- day school, in charge of Mrs. Robert MaeLenmtan, teacher, astertain'ed Mrs. George 'Phomfson''s olass in the school room of the chnrroh on Friday even- ing. Mrs. Thomisom's dries etaod first In a contest for highest average at- tendance during The sura mner months, attaining 79 per cent. Twenty m,emi- bers of the two classes, with their teadhera, were .present and endeared interesting c'onte'sts and .games, fol- lowed by refreshments served on small tables. 'Ilht Women's Institute met at the home of Mrs. Stanley Gallaher on Thursday afternoon, the president, Mb's. Wulf McTaggart, conducting the meeting. The roll, call was answered by giving, "Do end Don't in eating for health. in ama.li'chldren," Mists Doro- thy Greenaway y gave a•'pap'em on "How • A Modem Hotel Convenient - Economical Rate Slagle 1 0 Special Weekly and Monthly Salts Write for Folder. Hotel ,ainrIrij Spadina Ave. at College St. A. M. Powell President LONDON and WINGHAM NORTH A.M. Exeter 10.34 Hensel" 10.46 Ki ppen 10.51 B rucefteld 11.00 Clinton 11A7 Londeaboro 12.06 Blyth 12.16 Bel grave 12.27 W Ingham 12.46 SOUTH Wingham Belgrave Blyth Lond'esboro Clinton Brucefleld Kippen Hensall Exeter C.N.R. TIME EAST P.M. 1.50 2.06 3.17 3.26 3.08 3.28 3.28 3.45 3.58 TABLE 4, A.12t.. P.M. Goderlch 6.35 2.30 Holmlesvthle 6.60 ' 2.53 Clinton 658 3.09 Seaforth 7.11 3.16 St. Columban 7.17 3.21 Dublin 7.31 3.19 Mitchell 7.$0 3.41• IMitchell 11.66 9.1lli 1?tfblamt 11.14 9.36 Seafo th .....:.. . 11.30 9.47 Clinton 11.45 111.00 Goderlch 1l.66 10.25 WEST tea, xrvt^ C.P.R. TIME TABLE EAST, P.M. Goderich - 1120 Mewed 4.24 McGaw 4.33 Auburn 4.42 Blyth 4.63 Walton 5.05 McNaught 6.15 Toronto 9.00 WEST A.M. Toronto .............. 8.39 MoNaught 12.03 Walton 12.13 Blyth 12.23 Auburn 12.32 McGaw «, 12.40 Meneet 12.46 1odorich ..a y-.. b ... 0,56 4 v 1 t. 7 I' aT a , n4 esaa t' f ;C. -,w, .d6il luroa. .ru,,.,., �a l..,�,t&..�.� f. �...4,:., <�l r..,�{�»:,t., ii,... ..w':.. ..i, i:.,