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The Huron Expositor, 1939-09-08, Page 6n". •e era) g j3 4 Si ri s ; was nearly two hundred years (that Britain decided to drive a fi t ge into the French strongbo'Ld of )O iia and accordingly sent out some 00 Men with their families to set- tle in Chebucto Bay and build there a fortified and permanent establish- =ant. stablish=ant. In the same year, 1749, Qolonej; the lion. Edward Cornwallis arrived' with a fleet of thirteen trans- ports and a sloop -of -war, the Sphinz Work was oonrmencced immediately, laying out streets, erecting buildings, constructing a strong palisade of pickets as protection against Indian aids. That was tixe origin of Hali- fax, Fortress of the East. One (hundred and annety years have passed. Today Halifax plays the same role in the defence of the Do- minion- of Canada that it played in the days of its earliest history. In those hundred and ninety years 'the enemy has often changed, but the robe .of Halifax remains In 1755, during the Seven Years War, Halifax was the naval and •mili- tary depot for the British in North ortx e s o e ast, Is Well Guarded (By Kenneth Johnstone in Saturday Night) America. In 179x, when war wale France was declared', Halifax was filled with ships of war, troops, sup- plies. An (expedi:ti'on from Halifax attacked the French settlement at St. Pierre, returning with !many pris- oners. During the war of 1812-14 again Halifax served as a base in tihe war on two fronts, against both France and the United States. • And in 1914-18, when the enemy was Ger- many with its dreaded raiders of the sea, it was from Halifax that con- voys were made up, and the terrific explosion of 1917 served to remind the world ins a horrible way of the importance of this, Canada's eastern bulwark. Today the forts and redoubts that dot the coast -line 'on either arm of the harbor look as if they might be part of the obsolete though pic- turesque fortifications that extend from old Fort George on Citadel Hill and reach to the Marcello Tower in Point Pleasant Park. But badly mistaken would the treveller be who might carry away such an impression. MAKE BETTER BREAD WITH ROYAL • FINER FLAVORED • LIGHTER TEXTURED • MORE DIGESTIBLE Farr now, Mare so than at any tbna. In ate 4,ietery, d' les Halifax stand as the Fortress of the East, guarding Canada's greatest harbor, Wog -time base of the North Atlaitie fletet and with a Wain capable of bolding all, the world's fleets- at tshe • game time. And in addition, a large c'i11i1 and military • air -base, coos- of •ntbe •oenneet ate links •wirtttr the Old Country, stands. in ,nfeed et protection:. The a11-yneer- sound harbor, vital link in the. food life -line for a Britain at ware le still as irnperta'at.-as it was in 1914-18. That is why Halifax is the chief Imperial Military and Naval Station in Canada. That is why the city is the headquarters of Military District No. 6. And that is why the .guns which command the harbor and sweep the ooast-lime for a distance of more than eight mules range, to sea are. among ,the most up-to-date and mod- ern armament to be found in any coastal defence system in the world. The defences of Halifax offer a cross( -section of Canadian history brought sparkingly to -date in the gleaming rich muzzles of the great 9.2 guns which move on their mount- ings at the touch of a finger at the controls. But that history begins with the Citadel, and Fort George on its summit It 4as the prolific Duke, of Kent, father -of Queen Victoria, who hast- ened the "modernization" of Fort George. And a great work it was, with its 8 -pointed star formaticm, its three raveiins, separate defences • in themselves placed at strategic weak spots in the forts gee -ails, its thick walls, and the dry mit that was to act as a trap for the unsuspecting storming forces. Thirty years it took to complete the casements and outer walls. The top of citadel hill was shaved off some eighty feet, But the French never came back as the Duke had feared, and just thirty years :af- ter it was completed, Fort George was deemed obsolete. Obsolete as an active factor in the defence system of Halifax, the fort whose cannon had never fired a ball at an enemy was still used for occu- pational and training purposes right up until 1932. In the Great War, en- emy civilians were interned at the Fort, in the Cavalier Barracks which were built in 1795. But since 1932 the Citadel, as it is more commonly if jneorrectly called, has become a real museum piece. Only the bar- racks of the Royal Army Signals Corps, under its walls and the guides drawn from the Corps of Commis- sionaires serve to bring a present- dey touch to the surroundings of the Tags Sale Bills Envelopes Statements Letterheads Order Forms Invoice Forms Gummed Tape CounterCheck Books Duplicate Ledger Sheets • The Huron Etpositor, since 1860, has been saving the people of Sea - forth and district money on their printing requirements. Let us sub- mit samples; ask us for prices, and we will show you how you, too, may save money and still not sacrifice quality. • TIE HURON EXPOSITOR McLean Bros., Publishers SEAFORTH m ONTARIO ut{ Ip "Tho punt Icon to wNgb tobacco can be sleeked" font. ea • Even more completely has the Mar- telio tower joined the museum of war thistery. Another evidence ,of the activity of the Duke of Kent, it vias built under his direction in 1796, a structure 40 feet thigh with walls nearly six feet thick, and with a cute little gadget over. ,the entrances for the pouring of hot lead clown the necks of careless 'srtormaers- Bomb- proof in its day, the tower housed a squad of gunners for many years, a gun, on Its top commanding the en- trance to Halifax Harbor. But the advent of heavier gums and more powerful artillery. soon rendered the structure obselete, and today the •on- ly occupants of Halifax's Martello Tower are the children who play on its walls and the shade of the Duke of Kent frowning at the desecration of (his handiwork, , More recently condemned as ob- solete is York Redoubt on the North, Wrest Arm. In faot, the Halifax "Tourists+ Guide Book" blithely ins - forms uls that York Redoubt is one of the two •strongest fortifications in Halifax. It has been obsolete since the- War, But the great howitzers still peering over its walls are an im- preslsive monument to its former strength. Today detachments, of mil- itia occasionally train within the walls of York Redoubt, but its only signs of permanent habitation are the lines of washing that hang outside the door of the caretaker's residence. At Sandwich, just a short distance past York, there is a different story to tell. Here, members of the per- manent force of Army Artillery are busy training detachments of troops sent from various parts of Eastern Canada. Here the very latent of equipment "is available, 9.2 guns, 6- inchers, dummy loaders for practice, purposes. Raw recruits soon learn to man a gun,. load and fire with the ease and skill of veterans. And it is.. no child's play, this lifting of an object weighing just one hundred pounds and slipping it into place to coincide with the movements of a half-dozen other people all working in unison. During a period of war -time, a per- manent watch is kept on the guns day and night. The hundred and fifty men who are allotted to each gun are divided into three groups. The first detachment is trained to be at its post just thirty seconds after the alarm. The second. detachment stands by to be ready in a few min- utes' time, and the third rests until its turn comes. And so, along the rugged coastline that juts out past the entrance to Halifax Harbor, these batteries of modern guns stand ready to meet any threat, as their fore- fathers have done for two centuries past. For Halifax is still Canada's Fortress of the East. Insulin Protected by Patent It is now 17 years since insulin was first used clinically, but in spite of its world-wide fame, few- persons, ev- en in Canada, have ever heard that the discovery of Sir Frederick Rent- ing and Dr. Best is protected by a basic patent. "'These scientists gave their secret of insulin to the world after securing a patent,ito protect the public. This fact tad also the story behind a patent of a machine to reduce and prevent silicosis were recently re- vealed at a conference on medical patents conducted by the American Medical Association at Chicago. During the discussion, F. Lorne Hutchison, Toronto, Comptroller of the Connaught Laboratories and Ex- ecutive Secretary of the Insulin Com- mittee, 'University of Toronto, point- ed out that though the need of pro- tfction through patenting was not frequent, the case of insulin was one example which did demonstrate that need. Fears Warranted Recalling that insulin had been us- ed clinically in. 1922 for the first time, he said: "There was no desire what- ever on the part of Baiting and Best, their colleagues or the University of Toronto, to take a patent on insulin. Furthermore, we had not heard of patent pirates because under our law patent piracy is, I think, not possible, although of that I am not sure. But it was brought home to Banting and Best and their colleagues that though insulin was only in the initial stages of its development and had not been perfected for clinical use, it was ob- vious not only that there would be great and urgent demand for the pro- duct, but also that some material im- provement in 'the product would prob- ably be made quite soon, which im- provement might be made outs'id'e the university by some party actuated by profit motives who aright obtain a patent that could be administered purely for his own -benefit or the benefit of his company, were the Uni- versity of Toronto, not to obtain a basic patent to which improvement li'abents would be subsidiary. "Pear of the dangers' of such a de- velopment proved within a few months to have been warranted, ,A material improvement in the process of preparing insulin was discovered.' As' this .improved process was patent- able, it Gould have developed,that the whole world would have lid to pay exoessrlve tribute to the inventor of this process had there not been' a 'basic patent standing in the way, and head our 'Necks not been saved by a happy combination of other fertun- • ate eir-cumstances. It was only in these circumstances that it proved possible to avoid dangers which were originally .,feared and which easily might have aetually materialized within a year of the first clinical use of insulin. For Protection i "As you can imagine, In the years following 1922 there were piehty of p'a•teritable disceeeries made at the tTnlveradty of Toronto. It was not, errilany Is, oro Way From National Unity (By Richard A. R. Maresah, in, Saturday Night) One of Hitler's proudest claims .is that he efts welded Germany inter' an indissoluble unity. Before the Um:brach (a newly -coin- ed Geornan word for Naziidom taking over power) Germany was a battle- field for many political ,parties, and` feelings used to run so high that al- most every day brought news of po- litical .clashes and people being wounded or killed In ?theme. The Nazis themselves played a leaddag part in these local fights, and it Is true that after Hiblerer arrival this stopped, as he 'wiped 'Out his opponents entirely. They have diaaapeared from the .sur- face, and, Hitler claims that he has not only suppressed but converted them to his party. This is quite un- true. Proof that his opponents have not been nazffied are the numerous con- centration camlps, the majority of whose occupants are anti -Nazis. It Is very difficult to give exact numbers of lions many. people are interned in these camps. But one -may say con- servatively that ,at least 20,000 an.ti- Nazis (pot eounting Austrians, Czecho-Slovakiarns an(d others) are confined in them- As generally only leading members of the anti -Nazis get arrested, one may say that only one out of a (hundred is taken up. This would give about 2 millions of active anti -Nazis. How many are .secretly favoring the suppressed par- ties cannot be estimated at all. But one must keep in mind that the last election before Hitler came to power, which fairly shows the real reaction to Nazidom, gave to Hitler not more than 40 per cent. of the -Notes. Though many former opponents may have changed`- their minds in. view of the successes Hitler had in the last year, there is no doubt that his most em- bittered enemies, the Communists and the Stahlhelm, have remained unfi reocncilod and even have grown in numbers. Especially among the workers com- munism has gained ground rapidly, and everybody informed about the in- ner situation. in Germany expects them to try to throw off their yoke es soon as a possibility presents it- self. This will happen in case of a war as soon as tlhey are able to get hold of arms and communicate more freely than they are now able to lo. This is a well-known fact, 'and was mentioned • in Dr. Ivan Lajo's book, which was banned in Hungary under German pressure. He says: "The Nazi regime expects and is actively preparing for serious internal trou- bles and workers' revolt in case of war. Germany will have a fight en an internal front as well as on an ex- ternal. The police are trained in the technique of „capturing factories by assault-" Break-up of Reich This is, however, only one of the forces against Hitler. And we' may safely, assume that these ai<'ti-Nazis will find 'their aim achieved as soon as Hitlerism is overcome. They are therefore an element which finds its enemy more in Berchtesgad'en than in Berlin. But there are tendencies that will see their 'goal attained only by get- ting free not only from Hitler but from the German Reich. Here we meet Austria agd Czecho-Slovakia. The few, if any, Austrians who still believe that Austria's place is inside the German fold cannot stop Atis- tria's seceding from the Greater Ger- man Reich as soon as Germany has lost a war. Needless to say, the same is true of Czecho-Slovakia. All the Czecho-Slovakians and a great majority of the Sudentendeutsche will be but too glad to get out of the prison which the German Reich has created for them. Germany will have to keep many hundreds of thou• sands of soldiers in these two coun- tries to stop a revolution, and at the first signs of Germany getting into however, until twelve years later that another patent was taken by the uni- versity. Whereas the insulin patent had two raisons d'etre, namely, pro- tection and control, this second pat- ent was taken only for purposes of protection. It related to a machine which at that time looked valuable for use in reducing and preventing the incidence of silicosis in mines. Obviously, this machine might read- ily have been improved by someone who miight take a patent on the im- provement and collect excessive roy- alties from it. The university, in these circumstances, was advised that, as there might be a demand for this machine inall countries where there were gold mines, a patent should be taken in order to prevent anyone from levying -excessive tri- bute from either slight or material ineprovement of the machine. A basic patent was therefore obtained for dedication to the public 'through the offices of the Ontario Mining 'A tsoc- tenon, which Was willing to make rights to its use free to any proper person in the world who wished to use it." In Toronto A Modern Hotel Convenient - Economical Rate Single Special Weeldy and Monthly Bales Write for raider. Motel Spadlna Ave. M College St. A. M. Powell President difficulties one may expect- an out break there. - Qerma.ny will most certainly -not call the Czechs to (her colors and will not arm them. But• she will arm the Suder teadeutscbe and the 'Austrians, and especially the latter can be rte - lied upon to give trouble, if not op- enly, then by sabotage or by surren- dering urrender ing without fight wherever pos- sible. As yeast to stir up the gener- al unrest they will do excellent ser- vice. Thi eruption, one may :safely say, will 'happen as socia as Germany liras received her 'first military setbacks. Another 'Battle of the Marne" might be the signal .for it, though food scarcity may be also the beginning of the ends But after Germany has lost a war other factors wie./ enter, Factors that 'have existed for years and that were always -even in the times of Imper- ial Germame-endangering the con- tinuity of the German 'Reich. Pre-war Germany, had two names for these Menaces to her existence: Particular- ism and Separatism. With Particularism pre-war Ger- m:aniy tried to brandnrark all the ten- dencies that were against the suprem- acy of Prussia inside the German Reich, The German Empire was born in the Franco-Prwssiarl war of 1870-1, and Bismarck's genius as well as the flush of vidtory made the various geirman princes forget their ingrain- ed_ mistrust of Prussia when they elected the king of Prirseia to be em- peror of the new German Reich. But this mistrust soon awoke again, though Prussia tried. her best to con- vince every member of the Union of German States .that inside the Reich it was par inter pares, Cleverly Prussia identified herself with the German Reich, so that whatever power she wanted was wanted for the benefit of the Germain Reich, whereas if Bavaria., or any of the other states, wanted something , for, (herself it was called a weakening of the German Reich, or Particularism. 'Phe more power Prussia under the leadership of the Hohenzollern got, the more highiha.n•ded it grew till "die mainline" (the line formed by the river Main and almost exactly severing North fro South Germany geographically as we • as politically, and therefore the sym of of Particu- larism) was firmly es ablished again in pre-war Germany and was the chief obstacle to German unity. The beginning of the Great War with its great successes for Germany kept particularism down, and when the disastrous end came the terrible mishandling of the German peoples by the victors knit the various Ger- man States 'even closer together. For they felt that every one of them had been treated unjustly, Errors of Versailles There were times after the war, nevert'heeless, when it seemed immin- ent that the south Gerrnni. States would break ,loose froma the lead of Berlin and Prussia, and clashes be- tween Prussians and Bavarians got so frequent that a meeting, was called to Berlin in order to settle this an- tagonism. It took place in the Rhein - gold Restaurant in Berlin and ended in a general fight and broken heads. If France had but, played her hand more cleverly in the peace treaty of Versailles these days might have seen an end of the German Reich. For the South was ripe to secede. But there was no country to which they could have seceded after Aus- tria had been smashed up and reduc- ed to poverty and insignificance. At that time the second menace to Ger- man unity, "Separatism," seemed to be at hand, but France's march into hhe Ruhr knocked it out. At that time is was openly discussed that one of the aims of Fiance in this un- qualifiedly stupid step was to give en impetus to separatism. But the French• -if they really wanted this - were very poor psychologists, A sep- aratism with French troops on Ger- man soil smacked too much of deser- tion in the (hour of need, and would have been felt as that by every Ger- man in the north and in the south. Instead of achieving her aim France managed to get the two antagonists reconciled, and incidentally- set up at the same time Hitlerism as the an- swer to the attempt to break up Ger- many from without. With this recon- ciliation Hitlerism swept upwards to the North, where up to that timeit had been sneered at, as being only good for Bavarians. Nevertheless the two movements have not been entirely extinguished. There is 'too '. much difference -be- tween the North and South Germane for that to happen. The fear of the "Mainline" is therefore still fresh in the Nazi brain, and one of the rea- sons why Austria was entirely swal- lowed up by Hitler was the fear that an independent Austria, thougih ruled by Nazis as a separate state (that was what the Austrian Nazis and. 1Vlussolini as well had been promised) might revive the feeling of separat- ism. That is the reason why even the name of "Oesterreioh"-has been banished and Austria Was renamed "Ostmark," an insult deeply resented - by every Austrian. But Nazi Ger- many, like Imperial Germany in its time, knows nevertheless that this feeling of Separatism -which in its aims is more far-reaching than Par- ticularisan (the latter confines its aims bo decentralization from Berlin, whereas the former wants to leave the Reich entirely) -is still very Much alive; and. the Catholic Church is greatly blamed for its existence. South le Peace -Loving The ,Catholic Church has always de nied airy .sash responsibility. But the fact that the South le almost en- tirely Catholic whereas the North is Overwhelmingly though not -entirely Protestant lent great weight to this opinrion. One of the re Leong why Hitler Is persecuting the Catholic March and is deiiouucin.g Cati1}'oiic priests for alleged meddling in poll= tics este be seen in tlyas fear, (Other Rob Your Rest Mreple nes r sctwa get_ .a gwl! aightany's�ted. They ttmltt.snd !walla and count sheep Men . blame it an "sertes't wbea ftmay heeµr ludneys. Hei kh� ys: 6ltar poisonsfins! tllse -"blood. 0 they ire WO and fall„ paiuine stay in the system and sleeplessaeii, head- ache, backache often follow. if yen don't sleep well, try Dedd's Sidney Pills -he hall a century the favorite remedy. sot Dodds Kidney Pills seasons inalud'e the wealth of the Catholic Church and •bhe fact thatan* church will always be opposed to the totalitarian ' ideology of "the Fuehrer rto be more obeyed than God.") How far this fight against the Churches -- the Protestant. being attacked as well as the Catholic --will influence the German people is difficult to say. But after a defeat of Germany 'it may be- come a factor to be reckoned'. with. Separatism can only gain ground., after a German defeat in a war and after a mevolutioas. It can never pre- cede them. But the break-up of the Greater, German .Reich may be safe- ly predicted after a defeat For the moment Austria and: Czeoho-Slovakia leave Great Germany as they will most certainly do, the impetus for other states to follow suit will be given. In this moment the age-old ideal of a Germany unit- ing all the Soutar Germans, , the peo- ple from the Rhineiandts, and Saxony will revive. Taie would be a seces- sion from the aggressive North (Prussia, Berlin), and a forming of a peace -loving Germany. Such a South... 'German State reaching from the Alps to the North Sea, the Rhine to the. Elbe, would push aggressive Prussia back into her old territory, free France from every fear of future en - sets upon her soil and would give appeasement to the whole continent, Ft is a solution that is not unjust to the German peoples and would not mean an end. to German ' unity. It would only mean that instead of Prussia being inside and Austria out- sid,e, this time ,Austria would be in the German Reich and Prussia would be standing outside. The lead ie the new Reich would be banded over to the peace -loving South and not to the militaristic and warmongering North. WILSON!S REALLY KILT. One pad kills flies all day and every day for 2 or 3 weeks. 3pads ineach packet. No spraying, no stickiness, no bad odor., Ask your Druggist, Grocery or General Store., 10 CENTS PER 'PACKET WHY PAY MORE? 'J73E WILSON FLY PAD CO., Hamilton, Ont. Fairs and Exhibitions, 1939 Porgies ,Sept. 8, 9 Napanee Sept. 7-9 Tavistock Sept. 8, 9 September 11-16 Anoaster Sept 15, 16 Blyth ' Seat 15, 16 London (Western Fair) -Sept. 11-16 Midland - Sept. 14-16 Milverton Sept: 14, 15 New Hamburg Sept. 15, 16 Orangeville Sept. 14-16 Wiarton Sept. 14, 15 September 18-23 Acton Sept. 19, 24 Ailsa Craig Sept. 21, 22 Alliston Sept. 21, 2D Atwood Sept. 22, 23 Clifford Sept. 22, 23 Dresden Sept. 19-21 Exeter Sept. 20, 21 Galt Sept. 21-23 Hanover Sept. 19, 29 Kincardine Sept. 21, 22 Listowel Sept. 20, 211 Meaford Sept. 21, 2Z Mildmay Sept 19, 20 -Mount Forest Sept. 21, 23 Norwich Sept. 19, 201 Paris Sept. 19, 20 Seaforth Sept. 21, 22 Shelburne Sept. 19, 20 Stratford Sept. 18-20 September 25-30 Arthur Sept. 27, 29 Aylmer Sept. 25-27 Bayfield Sept. 27, 29 Brussels Sept. 29, 39 Chesley Sept.. 25, 26 Drumbo Sept. 26, 27 Enabrro Sept. 25 Georgetown ' .... Sept 27, 2S Greed Valley Sept. 29, 301 Merton Sept. 27 Ingersoll Sept. 28, 29 Itirktah Sept. 28, 29 Lucltnow Sept. 28, 29 Mitchell Sept 26, 27 Owren Sound. .,...Sept. 80, Oct 2 & 3 Paisley Sept. 2s, 27 Palmerston Sept. 26, 27 Parlebdll Sept. 29 Stmathray . Sept. 28-39 Tbadford Sept. 26, 27 Winsghana Sept. 27, 29 October 2-7 Dungannon Ore i, 6 Got4'ie Oct. 6, 7 St. Marys Oct. 5, 6 Teeswatem' Oct. 3, 4 Tiverton Oot. 2, 3 October 9-17 Poreust Oct. 10, 11 N.B.-Daites of Fates listed are Alla jest. to ebange. Itvtez'natftomdaI PletWing Match and Farm , Machinery Demanotration, arito Hospital Farren, BrockyLile, nt., United Cotantleo of Leeds and Grenville Oct. 10, 11, 12, IS Ottawa i1(t'3nter Fags Nov. 14-17 Royal 'Winter Fair, Teraina Nov. 21-29 Guelph 'Wind' Fftlftr..•,...Dec i-7 s "k' • • , • 4 1,