The Huron Expositor, 1932-10-28, Page 6e'd
6
f..
4�[1
ry
y4q
ALL OF THE HOUSE OF INSULL
(By Forest Davis, in The Toronto Star Weekly)
linsullism'- meaning the processes
'which •an English "shorthand
'clerle't evade himself muster of a
power • empire rated at $4,000,000,-
- 600 in 1929, lies under the sharp
tserutiny•of Uncle 'Sarnfs courts, fed-
eral ' and slate. A sensatorial in-
quiry is projected.
dnsu.11iere---taken as a symbol of
ewer -power's reckless use of the,
people's mioney, political manipula-
tion, social arrogance, becomes a
presidential campaign issue with one
candidate, speaking in Chicago,.
branding Samuel Insull's operations
as a "great racket" comparable to
the mischievous activity of his forme
ei• townsman, Capone.
!Irwin, first power king of the sup-
er .power age, i, in exile in Greece.
Likewise his son and brother. His
brother Martin • is out on bail in
Canada awaiting decision as to ex-
traditioin" \The house of Instill's ruin
is complete—the most extensive bus-
iness collapse in the .continent's his-
tory.
The power empire built by Samuel
Insull and his brother Martin has
,gone tc, piece, with a loud crash. The
wreokage of the huge undertaking is
strewn across the United States.
Capital to the amount of four zillions
is involved ih the catastrophe; 600,-
000 shareholders await developments.
Sa,:rnrel Insull, the man who built
the newer octopus, fled from his lair
in Chicago last June, and was arrest-
ed in Greece. His brother Martin
came 'to Orillia, Canada, was arrest-
ed, and is now out on •bail, awaiting
the will of the law. In the whole
history of the United States there
leas never been an industrial crash
of such magnitude.
'The' disastrous results of the crash
of the Insull financial structure can
only be appreciated after a glimpse
of its dimensions. It was a colossal
creation„ an insatiable xnver octopus
that had thrown its tentacles across
the whole North American continent.
Its head was in Chicago, but it reach-
ed out in 32 states, and into Canada
and'i1Vllexioo as well. Lt supplied 5,600
communities with electrical 'power, in
one formor another, and its custom-
ers numlbered 1,718.000. It supplied
electricity to more people than there
are in Canada. It had 32,000 work-
ers on its payroll, and 600,000 se-
curity holders. It operated 324
steam plants, 196 hydro electric gen-
erating stations, 89 gas plants and
328 ire -making plants. It required
44,500 ,rniles of translnissien lines
and 10,600 miles of gas mains to
serve its far-flung power •empire. In
Chicago, Insull's grip ,was absolute.
He -controlled its' electricity and gas,
the famous Loop and other elevated
lines, its surface lines, its bus sys-
tem and its central heating.
Samuel Insull, who entered Chica-
go in 1893, the year of the world's
fair, was an Englishman. Born in
poverty in London in the year 1859,
he had to fend for himself at the age
of fourteen years, He learned short-
hand, and got a job with the London
meanager of Thomas A. Edison's elec-
trical concerns. 'That put hire . in
touch with the United States, and
with the infant electrical industry.
He crossed the Atlantic a few years
later, and became Thomas Edison's
secretary. At that time the electri-
cal wizard was struggling for a foot-
hold in the electrical' world. He
worked day and night, engrossed in
his experiments. In young Insull he
found a suitable team -prate; the two
of them used tp, work from dawn till
dark. • Insull -kept books, signed
cheques, wrote letters, bought the
inventor's clothing, paid household
bills—in short, made himself indis-
pensable.
'Funds were scanty. One night,
in 1882, Edison suggested despair-
ingly that . Insull go back to sten-
cgraphy and he would return to tele-
graphing. But they pulled through.
Insull helped organize the Electric
Tube Company, first conduit enter-
prise, the Edison Lamp 1C'ompany, 1
the Edison Machine ',Yorks, and when
the Edison entsrprises were gather
ed. in 1859, into the Edison General
Electric, with the nia.in ` pant at
Schnectady, 'Samuel Insull became
second vice=preside it in charge of i
manufacturing and, selling. Insull has;
01 TM HURON • EXPOSITOR "1
IT'S AVER THATMAKES
YOU FEEL SO WRETCHED
Wake up your Liver Bile
—No Calomel necessary
For you to 'feel healthy and happy, goer
liver must pour two pounds of liquid bile into
your bowels, overt'y.without that bile,
trouble starts. Poor digestion. Slow elimination.
Poisons in the, body. General wretchedness. .
13ow can you expect to clear up a situation
like this completely with mere bowel -moving
salts, oil, mineral water, laxative candy or
chewing gum, or roughage? They don't wake
uo yofiver.
You
ur need Carter's Little Liver PiRs. Purely
vegetable. Safe. Quick and sure results. Ask
for them by name. Refuse substitutes. 25c. at
all druggists. 54
4
aiven out numerpus estimates of Ed -
teen's diameter and attainments.
Edison's tribute to Insult, telegraph-
ed to anniversary dinner in Chicago
—thirteen years after instill had en-
tered that city—read:
"Insull is one of the greatest busi-
ness men in the United States,. and
as tireless es the tides."
Pioneer Electrical Magnate.
Insull entered the f'abtilousiy boom-
ing lake shore' metropolis'with a chip
on his shoulder—a 'challenging splin-
ter which would not successfully he
dislodged until the harrowing spring-
time of 1932.. He invited himself to
Chicago—;hadactuially dictated his
entry. Ilt •came about in this way:
The Chicago Edison Company, one
of the earliest units formed to ex-
ploit the electric light, needed a
competent manager. A succession of
men, untrained in the new technology
had failed. In their need the bank-
ers and lawyers who had proniot d=
the utility sent a committee to New
York to see Edison. The inventor
referred the Chicagoans to -Insult,
who, .presu.ma'bly, as second vice-
president of the newly formed Gen-
eral 'Electric Corporation, knew all
the available utility imianagers in the
land.
"Take nue," commanded 'Insull. "I
can do the job better than any man
in the country."
The committee took hint at his
word. So Insuull went to Chicago.
(Superimposed on the blunt self -
assertiveness of the nineteenth cen-
tury English commercial man, the
bluff ,associated.- ivith Americans at
that period had converted the weli-
diseoiplin•ed short,ha:nd clerk into a
dominating character. A domineer-
ing manner was the idea of rising
business,, iretegnates, then. Autocratic,
choleric fellows blustered to the top
and ruled; soft --spoken, reasonable
men failed.
tit was a preposterous age and Ins..
sull fitted into it as a finger in a
glove. The truttt idea had only re-
cently been formulated. Bigness,
m+aterialisrie showy splendor excited
Americans as never before. Rocke-
feller learned over the business scene,
I THE -INE THING
YOU CAN AFFORD
The great national pastime this weather is squeez-
ing the expenditure column SQ that it will remain in pro-
portion to the revenue. The first step in this, of course.
is making a decision as to what items are absolutely
necessary to the well-being of our minds and bodies and
consigning the balance to the limbo of "things we will
have when times improve."
•<
Yon cannot do without your local newspaper for several reasons,
the first of which is that as an intelligent citizen of the commun-
ity it is necessary that you keep informed about what is taking
place in that community: Whether your interests are being
cared for in the governing of municipal affairs; what is transpir-
ing at the schools, the churches; if grants are being made from
public funds, or cut off, and why; what your community propos-
es doing about relief measure's; where foodstuffs, meat, wearing
apparel, wood, coal may be bought to best advantage; where rou
may sell ortrade some used article, or buy such an article to ad-
vantage. All the intimate personal news; the deaths, births,
and marriages, and the thousand and one other occurrences that
go to make up• the life of a community,
That is the function of the weekly newspaper. Its news columns .
each week carry the story of the activities of the community and
in addition the'effective news of the world at large. Its advertis-
ing columns bring into your home the best offerings of the stores
and shops with prices and description. The classified advertis-
ing column is' a meeting place for buyers and sellers in every
conceivable line.
The Huron Expositor costs you but three cents a week: If you
will read it thoroughly, intelligently, you will receive many, many
tithes over a return in value. And The Huron Expositor is a
'good paper for the family to read. There are many things chil-
dren may learn from its columns, but nothing they should shun.
It's columns are clean, carefully edited and contain all the NEWS,
If you are not already a subscriber to The Huron Ex- •
positor take advantage' of the ,four months' trial offer
below. Do it to-day—NOW--while, you think of it. -
THE HURON EXPOSITOR,
Seaforth, Ont.
Enclosed please find 50 cents as subscription to The Huron
Expositor. for 4 months. At the end of -that time I will notify
you if I wish it discontinued.
NAME
R. R. No
P. O.
see
,•,
Carnegiee and . other iponmasters
-were becoming steel kings, Chic ,go
had its share of the money kings al-
so.
,Into this roaring, power -drunk city
stepped 'Samuel Insult, self -invited,
wearing no man's collar, and ready
to fight with bare kn sekles to get his
share of the booty. Ike had done
well for himself in the new world.
He had some moneer laid away. He
was a big man in the infant electri-
cal industry, and he was sending his
younger brother Martin to Cornell
University. He was ready to do
things in a big way.
The Edison Caolmpany was strug,
gling to get a share of the business
of lighting, Chicago. 'Insull took full
charge, and went to , work. Three
yearrs•.,later he walked scornfully out
on the (board of directors and took
charge.of a rival company, the Com-
mon'w'ealith, where he won a. free hand
from the start. Ten years after that
'he gobbled, u s the Edison company,
ass he gobbled up so many hundreds'
of independent utilities during his
ascendancy. Bribery, thuggery, clou,
ble grossing, conferences -with hoods -
ling aldermen in saloon back roans,
raising funds to kill off damaging
ordinances,: •fuCing inspectors and
their basseee, contributing to all sorts
of political rings in (both' parties in
order to have friends at court—all
these things were part of the battle
of the half dozen electrical compan-
ies that were .struggling for sopreen-
acy in Chicago in those days. Insull
was ie the thick of it. !)Ie was not-
ed for three things—e. 'Capacity . for
work, 'his insistence upon the latest
-equipmient and the best in service,
and an unscrupulous skill in extract-
ing what he wanted from the stand -
and -deliver politicians.
In the year, 1899 Instill announced
that he had reached a sufficient p ce
in the world to found a family. He
married Miss Margaret A. Bird. A
beautiful girl, enjoying a • successful
stage career as Gladys Wallis; she
retired Itbe foliowin'g year, only to
reappear years later when it suited
Insull's whims to lease a Chicago the-
atre to display her talent. Miss Wal-
lis had /played ingenue roles with Otis
Skinner and other stars. She capti•
voted Instill while playing+ in the
Schiller theatre company in Chicago,
Samuel Instill had now established a
family. The road to the heights of
the industrial world now lay before
hien, and he was well on the way. In
all 'the roaring inland metropolis no
halfgod stirred himself so single-
mindedly to rise into the light.
A Super -Power Colossus.
His chance came with the invention
of the tueno-generaahor. Battering
clow i the --hesitancies of his boa -re .of
directors, Insull installed the first
Curtis generator in his Fish St. sta-
tion. • It was a gamble. Insull risk-
ed $ 700,000 by the installations,+' The'
day they unleashed the new giant
was a memorable one for the coming
power king. He was on the scene.,
but his chief consulting engineer ad-
vised him to go back to the office.
The innards of the turbine were
scraping on the casing and .. making
a terrible noise. The engineer
thought the chances of a blow-up
were not remote, and told Insull what
was in his (mind.
"Well," said Insull, "if it 'bltws up.
the company will ablo'v up, and I
will blow tip too, so I might as well
stay here and between us we will
finish the jib."
But the turbine, capable .pf gener-
ating 5,000 kilowatts, did not blow
up, and it gave electricity wings. A
second 5000 kilowatt unit soon fol-
lowed, nailing down for the Insull
Catuntton'wcaltlh property the ascend-
ancy in, •Chicago. In a few short
years electrical energy had been
cheapened, and had been sent across
Illinois. Insull was one top. He con-
solidated his independent plants in
sixteen nearby Illinois counties, 200
cities and towms, 6,000 square miles
into the first of his great holding
companies, Putbli'c Service of" North-
ern Illinois. "
:Meanwhile, down in the river coun-
ties of Indiana, around New Albany,
and trenching, over into Louisville,
Kentucky, Martin Insull, tall, suave,
thoroughly Americanized, busied
himneelf d'ev'eloping electric light
plants and interurban, lines. He was
a super -salesman, and he brought
back the bacon to Chicago. When
Sam had finished welding the Chi-
cago area into one electrical struc-
ture of central station and transmis-
sion wire, Martin, came up to Chicago
and joined forces with his dominent
brother. So in 19.12, the ',Middle We3t
Utilities, the two -billion -dollar key-
stone, of the Insull empire was born.
There was nothing fbi'gger in the
United States. Its assets dwarfed
those of any other existing corpora-
tion. The ln'sulls were dominant its
the power world of North America.
Sam Insull has (been creditted with
a vast Utopian scheme for changing
the face of nature, 'binding mankind
ko'gether,, freeing (villager and farm-
er of drudgery, but if he ever hal
such a dream, it is not reflected in
any of his public addresses' or the
recollections of close friends. His
dreams were imperial, right enough,
but they were concerned with busi-
ness, technology and' personal or fam-
ily 'prestige. In. no utterance avail-
able to me did the /major Insull ever
appear to sense the -social implica-
tions of resiponsifbilities of his .pro-
jects. His attitude on the subject of
power concentration may be said to
have been expressed in its most fav-
orable sociological light when in 1921.
he delivered the Cyrus Fogg Bracket
engineering lecture at Princeton Uni-
versity. On that academic occasion
the power king looked forward Hope-
fully to the time when "every home,
every facbory, and every transporta-
tdon liner will obtain its energy from
one common source. for the simple
reason that that will be the cheapest
way to produce -and distribute it."
No, there is no slight indication that
Insall over regarded himself as do-
ing more in the business of making
.and selling electricity than working
for 'his o'wn pocket. A practical max(
this English clerk who ibecanve a
king.
'"'t The Middle (We's't Uttilities 'Com-
pany became a colossus, straddling
'the United States. he power lines,
form s a network that coven's nearly
every state- in the un'iaru. It became,
the admiration and the 'dread' of • the,
emerging su'pe'r -power age. With
:S'am'1si utilities •pr'eeti. +e and Martin's
A
OCTO ';; 2 :, 1932 .
•
When you're
Healthy', you're happy
THINK back over the last six
months. The days that you
were the happiest were days
when'realth was at the peak.
Enjoy' more sunshiny days.
Poor health is so often due
to common constipation. Yet
this condition can be over-
come by simply eating a de-
licious cereal.
Laboratory investigations
have proved that Kellogg's
ALL -BRAN provides "bulk"
to exercise the intestines, and
vitamin B to further assist
elimination. ALL -BRAN is also
twice as rich .. in iron as an
equal weight of beef liver.
personal charm, the Middle West
forged. ahead. without ,,srethaelt until
the final crash •came. They acquired
more proiperrties in southern and cen-
tral Indiana, erected transmission
lines, t?armed the 'Central Indiana
:Power 'Company, a subsidiary 'hold-
ing eorporation. They reached into
northern Indiana and formed the
Midland Indiana. Into Michigan
they extended organizing the Great
Lakes Power Company. Their pro-
perties,' fortified ust,aliy with mon-
opolistic privileges, guarlanteed by
,state laws and with rate set on the
basis of "fair values," needed ord.;
to be economically managed' to show
profits and entice fresh capital They
were well Managed, in the interest of
/the Insulls, the shareholders, and in -
This "bulk" in ALL -BRAN
is similar to that in leafy
vegetables. Biological tests
have demonstrated that it is
mild in action.
Two tablespoonfuls of
Kellogg's ALL -BRAN daily are
usually sufficient. With each
meal in chronic cases. If not
relieved this way, consult'
your doctor.
Isn't this peasant "cereal
way" better than taking -pill,
and drugs — so often harm-
ful? Get the red -and -green
package at your grocer's.
Made by Kellogg in London,
Ontario.
"'4'hen you're healthy,
You're happy"
`Mow you feel—.and hew wen.
you hole—depends largely upon
the food you cat. lie sure your
diet is balanced --with enftteier,t
`l,+sik'._to-prornotn-r•egularity,t•.. .-.
7Wie
cidentally, in the interest as well of
the consumers. '
Came the de,pressi•on.-- The bubble
burst. Sam Insull took a train for
New York• Martin moved to Orillia,
Ontario. Chicago was stunned, in-
credulous, but still hopeful that Sani
Insull would come .back to his glit-
tering throne and put "his potwer
kingdom. in order. But 'Siam has
not returned. Neither has Martin.
The gigareic creatione of these two
men are a mass of wreckage, strewn
across' a continent. 'How much can
be salvage remains to be seen, bust
in face of the -fact that 'both Instills
fled from Chicago, meet people be-
lieve that the shareholders of 'Middle
West Utilities Cam{pacay have a large
acrd very dead horto on their hands.
Seen in the County Papers
Property Transfer.
Mr. Benson Tuckey, of the Tuckey
Transport, has purchased front Mr..
John Taylor, the Taylor Tire Shoop
oil (Main. Street. also 'the residence on
the cornier of Wlilliam and Ann Street.
Mr. •Tuckey will ruse the (building in
connection with his trucking busi-
ness, --{Exeter Times•-A'dvocatte.
Now in England.
Mr. O. R. Patterson, formerly agri-
cultural reprresenibati've in Herron
County, ,going frolml here to Peel
'County and later resigning to take a
position on the Ontario Mlarketting
Board, has recently been appointed
Honey Commercial rR.epresenutativte to
Great Britain and is already in Eng-
land. It is hoped' that having a re-
presentative on the rground will
greatly increase the marketing of
Canadian honey in the British 'Lyles.
—4O1inton News -Record.
Barn Damaged By Fire.
'A fine rbarlt'k barn, together with
1,5010 bushels of grain, a large quan-
tity orf hay and several •ini,plemeents,
belonging to - Oliver Hemingway,
10th concession of Grey Township,
were entirely consumed by fire which
utarted about 3 &clock Friday morn-
ing. The barn was situated on what
is known ,ass the "Hollinger Par;n,'..
lot .9, coaroesision 10, and as far as
Mr.'Hemingway knew, no person had
been near the place for a week, so
that the cause of the fire is a mys-
tery. The Ions will he least $3000
on w'hi,oh theme is a small insurance.
The roof of the 'building was falling
in when the fire was first noticed by
neighbors. — Wingham Advance -
Times.
Apple Blossoms in October.
Several freaks of nature have been
reported in .papers recently, but to
How to Get Relief
From Catarrh.
If you heave catarrh„ catarrhal
deafness or head noises caused by
catarrh„ you should know that these
ciistre'ssing symptoms may' frequent-
ly be overcome by this simple home
t'reatm'ent.
(Secure from] your druggist 1 ori.
Parmiirit (D'ouible Strength). Take
this 'horde and, add 1/s pint hot water
and a little sugar. One- tablespoonful
four times a day should quickly and
col . iletely relieve distressing head
noises and deafness due to.. catarrh,
loss of smell and taste., and dropping
mucous. If nearly ninety per cent,
of 'all ear troubles arts catarrhal,
there must the many' whose hearing
?arrni nt meld help.
prove that October v'as putting on
springtinve airs, Mr. Philip Damsels,
R. R. 2, 'Winghaani, last Saturday
brought to this office several sprigs -
of apple blossarnts. 'Some of the
blossoms were full out while ottlher.^s
were in the budding stages'. Some
of the ibinsso'nns had been touched by
the frost Friday 'morning, but other-
wise their natural beauty was co'ni-
pletbe.— Wingham Advance -Times.
Carr Accident Near Bluevale.
The rLiisito'w'e1 road, Trate McKin-
ley's farm was the scene of a •nitotar
accident Mondlay• morning about 7.45.
Mrs. Jack MacKay, of Atwood, had
sdlr•i•vetn her 'h'udband ' to Bluernale,
'where he' works on the railroad; and
was returning to Atwood' and as she
appro'ach'ed McKinney's farm, an Es-
sex coupe -pas'sed her, crowding the
Feed 'A she was driving. The Essex
car struck the front fender of 'her
car, turning the - car mato the 'ditch.
Mrs. (McKay had tlhnree fingers of her
left 'hand bandly cut and also', suf-
fered frorn. -shook. She was taken to
Wlitngllant General Hospital where
she received medical attention. 'She
was able to leave for home Mon'diay
evening.. The Essex car that caaulsed
the accident, did not stop but pro-
ceeded on toward 'Listowel. County
Constable W. ,M'oMiehaed ' in invtesti-
atih —IWingham Advance -Times.
Auburn. Farmer Dies of Injuries.
John Schnitz, aged 69, Auburn
farmer, on Saturday reltlenring Aaat
died in Alexandra (lilaspital from in-
ju.riets received when struck down by
en autiomuelbile o'n the county highway
near Auburn a week 'previous. The
accident happened wear deceased's
fd , one and a half miles west of
the. 'nage as he was walking along
the ro'a'd after dusk. At first his in-
juries were not thought tp be ser-
ious, but gangrene is said to ]nave
,set in and amputation of the leg to
prevent the spread of the .poisoning
proved of no avail. A jury was em. -
panelled by 'Coroner Dr. A. C. Hun=
ter on Saturday night, they viewing
the remains 'and adjourning until
Thursdlay. The driver of the (oar
which struck down /Mr, Schultz, Nor-
man: J. Tomes, of 'De'troit, formerly
ef 'Bayfield, was not held after in-
veeltigation by Provincial rOonstafble
Fox. It Ream's that when he turned
to the centre of the road to pass tine
deceased, the latter became confused,
apparently • by the lights, and sttterp-
pet] of jumped directly in: -the /path
of the ear.'Had he heldi his comae
all would have .been, well. Mer. Scholtz
was a well known farmer in his cemn-
mttnity and the father of a very
large family Who, With his wife, see-
vi've Bili//, There• were six people in'
the .earn which struck 'Mr... Schultz,
three men and three women, it hs
/hated, and theey are expected to test-
ify rat the inqueast,--Goderi'ch Star.
Death ef Wingham Lady,
'Olio dearth eeentred at her •reaal-
a' Y.,S
dcn•.ee in Wingham on Friday even-
ing of Naomi Oopeland, who had
been t'i'ling for- several- mtonrthen She-
liad spent the past wtiniter with herr,
daughter, -'Mrs. W. A. Cemtpbell, of
Stratheal'len Bee levard, 'Toronto, re-
turning with her dau'gh'ter to . her
own home for the summer, and short-
ly atter her health began to fail.
Bornin Leeds 'Cbunby, Township of
Lansdowne:, on March 9, 1847,x. de-
ceased moved with, her parents to
the Township of iHowielp, near Glor-
Tie, 'when about four years of age.
,Ini 1865 they moved to Lower Wlinlg-
h'am, where the family resided• for
four years, when they moved to
Luc -know. She was married in .Luok-
,notw to her late husband, Themes
Gre •ory, who predeeeaeed her ilinir-
;been years ago. She went to Wing -
ham as a bride in, 1876, taking up
residence itt the home in which she
'passed away.' Surviving are two
daughters; IMrs. W. A. camlpbell, of
Toronto; Mrs, E. G. Button, at Riv-
erside, 'Cal.; one son, George, of
Climax, Sask.; also three sisters, Mrs.
J. C. Hay, of Lnstotwiel; Mrs. L. -C.
Molrutyre, of Winnipeg, and Mrs. D.
A. Kennelly, of Toronto, The fun-
eral was cautioned •fromm her late res-
idence on Monday afternoon at two
o'clock by Rev. L. P. Currie, pastor
of the United 'church. Interment was
evade in the Wingham ceanetery.--
Goderich Star.
Luck -now Factory Busy.
The Luckn!o'w Table Company is
now operating eighth hours a day.
This means two working .hours extra
per day for the employees, who. for
'several months have been working
six hour's. Some ‘imlproveim/elut in
business conditions at present...makes
this .po'ssi(ble and 'directors and work-
men are in an (otptimisbic state of
mind. 'No lay-offs have occurred
and no cut in salary has been made
in spite of umd'afvlormble prevailing
'business c edlirti+omsr-.,Gode2-ich Star.
" New Bridge Opened. '
lReplaeing an old steel bridge, too
narrow and not of sufficient strength
to eerily peesentt-dey traffit, the fine
new reinforcedconcrete bridge over
the /M•aitland river on Pr•ovincial.
Highway Ne. 23, three miles north of
Monioton, wa's' otpened to traffic on
Thursday afternoton. The new bridgec
located on 'Uie ,Mbonikton,-Listowel
highway, is of the latest type and
design and is the latest imrpi-avemen't
on the highway in that -section. C.
A. Cumrmiforde .retsident engineer of
the Department of Pulbine 'Hi'ghways,
announced that the roadway on the
new bridge is 30, feet in width, with
a five foot sidewalk on the weet side.
Construction on the structure was
commenced early in the summer. The
old bridge was constructed of steel
with a wooden flooring. -- Mibe-?lett
Advocate.
•4.
0
wee, l
it%
¢aaadc¢hh¢tS,h¢a
tvi
a1
banisvont
y &an'
sYstea Well
1Vedn
on'08•
ea►
it
rr-
er
it
X