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The Huron Expositor, 1931-02-27, Page 611 e.7 .(41,7jg • 4ew tele5e9Pe will endow mail with such great powers le seeing that the light of sa candle 41,000 miles away will be visible. Astronomers have reached the lim- it of the 1004ne1i instrument, lust when things were becoming meet in- teresting. 'Such riddles as the pos- sible existence of intelligent life else- where than on earth, the exact ex- tent of the cosmos, the nature of the mysterious spiral nebulae, the source of the energy that runs the universe, and the possible creation of matter have been raised by the smaller in- strument. Now it remains for the larger telescope to puzzle them out. Undoubtedly, it will usher in a new era for other fields of science as well as for astronomy. The first and most difficult pro- blem facing the experimenters was the question of obtaining a suitable mirror disk. Images of stars and other celestial objects are produced in reflecting telescopes, not with the cus- tomary transparent lens of the more familiar refracting telescope, or field glass but with a concave mirror, which lies at the bottom of the tele- scope tube and converges back to a focus, that parallel rays of starlight that fall on its polished upper face. This face, which must be highly re- flecting, is ground and figured to a paraboloidal form, the curvature re- quired to concentrate parallel rays of light to a point. Previous methods for making tele- seopes were abandoned as inadequate Ifor the purposes of the 200 -inch mir- , ter. Glass could not be used because it is susceptible to changes of temp- erature. Fused silica and quartz seems to be the most promising means of overcoming this difficulty. Fused quartz has never been used in build- ing a telescope, but most of the dif- ficeniss involved in the use of the inedium have been solved at West Lynn. The fundamental problem is to construct a rigid concave mirror near- ly eventeen feet in dianetee and many tons in weight, whose surface is parabolically curved with an error of less than two -millionths of an inch. The process consists of fusing a mass of nearly pure silica sand in a cir- cular electric furnace, which consti- tutes the mould, under terrific heat The disc thus obtained, which con- tains innumerable small bubbles, is ground to the approximate curvature, of the mirror desired and then coat- ed to a sufficient thickness with trans - parents quartz, free from bubbles. 071 the water -clear, transparent face the final grinding, polishing and figuring will be done. Finally a thin coating of pure silver will be chemically de- posited on the finished surface. After the completion of the mirron a design for the mounting of the tele- scope must be determined upon and a site on some suitable mountain top for the new instrument must be found, The greatest possible lightgathering power must be considered, and the ef- ficiency to aid in the discovery and investigation of nebulae and faint stars, the analysis of their light by the spectroscope and the extension of the limits of space beyond those which can be attained with existing tele- scopes. A telescope to meet these re- quirements would have a total weight of more than 540 tons, with a length of approximately sixty feet. Scientists hold that the new tele- scope will open many new fields of investigation and will reveal gigantic new worlds. We shall learn to know hundreds of millions of new stars. Stars of about one-tenth the light of the faintest we can at present see up- on our photographic plates should ap- pear on negatives taken with the new instrument. We shall have a greater knowledge of the structure and extent of our stellar system. No Magellan of the skies has cir- cumnavigated the cosmos. We are to -day in the same position from an 21 Tri3e, Gpeti saveiyou money THIS famous book contains ap- proximately 200 economical re- cipes chosen from 75,000 received from women in all parts of Canada. It took many months to prepare, and each recipe has been thoroughly tested by a famous Canadian Dietitian (name on request), who thoroughly endorses every recipe. --Send the cou- pon today -- enclose 10c in stamps or coin to cover mailing. The CANADA STARCH CO. Limited MONTREAL. 14sk your grocer ,for EDWARDSBURG B CORN SYRUP AND • The CANADA STARCH CO., Limited, Montreal Please send me you' Recipe Book. I enclose 10c. to cover .maili rig cost. Name Address 'City 200 -INCH EYE TO PROBE THE INFINITE From a mere hope, modern science's great dream for a new conquest of the unknown—the gigantic 200 -inch telescope—has been transformed with- in recent months into a magnificent venture, which now promises to be- come a reality and a success. The project has passed through its darkest stage. At the Thomson Re- search Laboratories of the General Electric Company at West Lynn, Mass., Dr. Elihu Thomson and A. L. Ellis, assisted by corps of technic- ians and the advice and co-operation of prominent men of science the world OVCT, have at last succeeded in laying down the foundation upon which ac- tual construction of the mirror must rest. At a heavy expense of time, , energy and money, they have gradu- ally conquered apparently insurmount- 'Jble difficulties, any one of which threatened to bring the project to an end before it had fairly been started. New processes had to be created for the construction of the giant tele- scope which will dwarf all others now in existence. "When we first began to work on the idea of a 200 -inch telescope,'- ex-, plained Mr. Ellis, "the project was frankly just a fine dream, with ap- parently little chance of realization. Engineering and optical difficulties confronted us like a stone wall. With new methods which we have develop- ed after several years of experiment- ing, of many trials and errors, we hope to be able to build the 200 -inch mirror. On the basis of the work so far completed we feel that, if no un- expected difficulties of a se -Sous na- ture arise, we shall succeed." Imagine the hiiman eye 1,000,000 times as powerful as it is! Instead of seeing unaided, as it now .,does only 6,000 of the countless billions of luminaries in the heavens, it could then, like our largest existing tele- scope, penetrate into new worlds in space and reveal a million continents of star systems. To do that, howev- er, it would have to be nine feet in diameter—a condition hardly realiz- able. Nature has endowed the pupil of the human eye with a diameter of about one-fifth of an inch. But man's intelligence which has already con- quered so many of Nature's limita- tions, is now working to give the hu- man eye the power it would have if it were eighteen feet in diameter. The Winning Canada to Six Cylinctirrs! The Standard Roadster The Sport Roadster - The Phaeton The Coach The Standard Coupe - The Standard Five - Window Coupe - - - 720 The Sport Coupe - - - 745* (With Rumble Seat) The Super Sport Roadster - 760 The Standard Sedan - - - 820 The Special Sedan - - 840 l'Six wire wheels, fender wells and trunk rack included on these models as standard equipment at slight extra tost. All Prtces at factory, Oshawa. Taxes, hampers and spare tire extra. 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Chevrolet's policy has always been one of service to the public ...The G /IA C plan of deferred payments offers the lowest financing charges available . . . and the General Motors Owner Service Policy pledges lasting satisfaction. THE COACH gh-g NEw CHEVROLET SIX 44 W. DUNLOP, Seaforth ir,o)0e*Iv4,,$,1W.-04001,0•Zi-itt4WAVA'Ve0'4"..00.402 astreneenteal viewpoint as sixteenth. century Eniespeans who liner not how far the 'wean extended er where it ended. Will the new telescope a mere Jules Verne conception only a few years ego—provide the mearis for astronomers to remeasure our cos - mop? Dr. Harlew Shapley, director of the Harvard Olbservatory, recently said that the outpost of the known cos- mos to -day may be regarded as a faint spiral nebulae—locatedon the Harvard photographic plates—whose distance from the earth is calculated at being about 170,000;000 light years away. The light with which this dist- ant "island universe' was studied started on its journey to the earth long 'before any human beings were here. According to his vast concep- tion of stellar creation, if our Milky Way with all its innumerable lumin- aries were suddenly blotted out of ex- istence, it would be nearly 200,000,000 years before the denizens in a world in this far-flung nebulae would notice the change; and then only by the sudden flickering out of a faintly luminous spot through a telescope.' Yet Dr. Shapley explained, the 20b - inch telescope will probably penetrate several times as far into the deep gloom of space as we are now able to do. It is possible that new worlds never before seen by man, as much as a billion light-years away, will be visible. "We have not yet probed the lim- its of space, although there are rea- sons for thinking that such limits ex- ist" he explained. "Astronomers have long wondered about what has appear- ed to be a hopeless mystery, the ques- tion whether there is a limit to ex- plorable space or whether the galaxies go on and on into impenetrable depths of space. The great telescope now under construction should go farther and tell les either that we now ap- proach comprehension of the whole galaxy of galaxies, or that we must have still greater telescopes before we can hope to grasp and understand the total 'of material creation. "Even when we are armed with in- struments capable of sweeping the whole of space the task 'will only be beginning. The great problems of in- terpretation will remain. At present no limit can be set to the magnitude, of the task. Telescopically, we have apparently penetrated only a fraction of one per cent. of the explorable cosmos. I believe that all of our gal- axies together make up a closed uni- verse, but the general idea of any- thing so colossal transcends our pres- ent powers of human visualization. "What new methods for the study of the universe of stars may be de- veloped through the immense light - gathering power of the 200 -inch tele- scope we cannot foresee, but from its use even with existing methods we can feel assured of discoveries of the highest value, ranging from the faint dwarf stars nearest us to the immense nebulae Whose distances, approach comparison with the radius of our world of space and time." The sun, which warms and lights the earth, is some 92,000,000 miles a- way. The earth's surface, even in tropics, receives only one two -billionth part of the sun's total output of en- ergy. Five billion times more distantthan the sun is the nebula Andromeda, which sends forth a billion and a half times as much light as the sun. This nebula is one of a million, similar nebulae or galaxies, each an immense universe of stars such as the one of which our solar system is ' a small part, which have been discovered. The new telescope is expected to add about 2,000,000 more universes to our linowl- edge and will make possible what, in Dr. Shapley's opinion, may be the most valuable contribution of the new instrument—a more intensive study of the nature of the spiral nebulae, A clue to the origin of the earth and the solar system, it is thought, may be obtained from a study of these nebulae. Many stars now appear too small to us to enable astronomers to study any collisions of the sky, such as the one believed to have given birth to our earth. Th'e new telescope with its tremendous power may reveal ex- amples of the general mechanism of the birth and death of heavenly bod- ies occurring in the spiral nebulae. PHILIP SNOWDEN, CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER Mr. Snowden began his career in the Board of Inland Revenue. He seemed destined then to spend his life in the Civil Service, but five or six years after he had entered it he met with a bad cycling accident which in- jured his back. For nearly two years he was an invalid; he has walked with the aid of a stick ever since. The Board of Inland Revenue had kept his post open for him during his illnes, but at the wish of his mother, to whom he was very devot- ed, he resigned. He was twenty-nine then, and at the same time his po- litical career began. His days were spent in reading and writing, and his evenings in addressing meetings, chiefly political. He was then as he is now, a very industrious worker. More often than not the meetings were in the open air, and frequently they were held in bad weather. But the ex -civil servant from Cowling, Yorkshire, was always able to collect a crowd round the soap -box on which he stood even in the wind and rain. These days really shaped Mr. Snow - den's destiny and formed his charac- ter. He began his political life as a Liberal; grew into a Socialist; joined the Independent Labor Party shortly after its formation and so found him- self in the same political group as Mr. Keir Hardie and Mr. Ramsay MacDonald. During those early days, too, he was somewhat of a phenomenon to his Yorkshire audiences; they were ac- customed (especially at outdoor meet- ings) to men who endeavored' to hold their listeners by the loudness of their voice, the violence of their gesticula- tion and their command of strong language. But Snowden was a frail - looking, slender man, with thin lips, who supported himself on the plat- form with a stick. He made no gest- iculating; his voice was clear and carried well but it was never loud; he dealt in statistics and figures, and he kept to his subject, which others DESPAIRED OF EVER BEING WELL AGAIN —1 -- "For t e past fifteen Yptat'S r suf- fered alm st continually, from indiges- tion, constipation andheadaches," de - MRS. ELIZABETH ANDREWS dared Mrs. Elizabeth Andrews, 453 Symington Ave., Toronto. "My back pained me between my shoulders; I had neuritis in my left arm and was so nervous and restless I couldn't sleep. I tried so many different medicines without relief I had almost lost hope, when a friend of mine told me about Sargon and Sargon Pills. It was amazing how quickly this wonderful medicine made every trouble I had disappear! It's been years since I felt so well and strong." Sold by Charles Aberhart. rarely did. He set his listeners wondering, and from wondering to listening. Some- times he would startle them with a criticism of an opponent that was a biting and merciless as the north wind and that was a hundred times more effective than anything the loudest local tub -thumper was capable of ut- tering. Then, as now, he had a rare, dry sort of humor, which never lack- ed a "bite" in it. Thirteen years after he left the Civ- il Service, Mr. Snowden went to West- minster as memfber for Blackburn. He made few speeches, but he began to attract the attention of the House at question time. His questions were couched in sharp, incisive sentences concerning matters upon which he was obviously well-informed, and which were of considerable interest to the party to which he belonged. One afternoon a dapper young Tory in the lobby inquired who was the Labor man "with the stick" who ask- ed questions. He was answered: "He is a man who has come here to try to teach people like you to think." Thrwcaids were uttered quite good, humoredly, but they raised a laugh at the expense of a young Tory who was not exactly distinguished for the bril- liance of his intellect. Gradually but surely, Me. Snowden made aname for himself at West- minster a' s an able debater, a man ex- ceptionally well equipped to deal with matters involving a knowledge of fig- ures and statistics, and who, in re- tort, copld always give as good as he got, and sometimes a bit more. Dur- ing the War he was, of course, a con- vinced pacificist, and came to share with Ramsay MacDonald the distinc- tion of being the most hated man in England. He declined to join the War Cabinet and he resolutely refused ever to ad- dress a recruiting meeting. Once when he paid a visit to his own con- stituency at Blackburn, two working class women spat at him as they passed. Mr. Snowden merely raised his hat. A more disagreeable thing happened when he entered a church one Sunday afternoon. He was re- cognized and a great portion of the congregation rase and left the church. Pacificism was in those days confus- ed by many people with pro -Germ- anism, and naturally a man who was thought to be pro -German in England during the War, in the minds of most people deServed to be shot. It was hopeless for him to attempt to explain the difference between pac- ificism and pro -Germanism. But he was determined in his belief, and he put up with the consequences, got the Khaki Election after the War he was for the moment swept from political existence. Mrs. Snowden has been a great help to her husband in his work as poli- tician and statesman, and she has been, perhaps, of even greater help to him in his private life. He was the type of man who tends to become a recluse. had no hobbies; the physical disability from which he suf- fered prevented him from taking up golf or any other outdoor pastime; he disliked card games. In his earlier period of political activity he would often, after a day spent in addressing meetings and attending carrinhittees, epend his evening in solitude, reading or writing. Mrs. Snowden created a very de- lightful home for him. There was al- ways good music to be heard at the Snowden home and many interesting people were to be met at the musical evenings given in their early days when they lived in a comparatively small suburban villa at Golder's Green. Tt the Hague Conference last year, 5. a 11:114 WORM OWDERS 11. SWINT AS littOAN itieLtirva tont COINtbrilON •oUeHr�,s av Tee vim setae ae wows ANDNap , TO NESTORS eme CIOLo TO NORM. eaern. 1 i,resei,l'JS, e ette,!.2,1 fxi II( '" 9 4411:10010 MI$Ilt,,,;(0%tity4f0l004q 42;,<MARet.,510-":2, iitills.plyiey,c2:27t124r024Wl0tVkAiWiStlie,11't1PV-1..r14,1412,42',..‘"&- . I1,14,ZIO .414.ellOilleb'hi jit,1*.40-1:60210.94*^^i^,e.0~m .34.2,KAIROINItttiltt,1•111rMe,erteee.‘.....;,,,,,,,,.,, re. Mrs. Sn • wden was of ' incalculahl help to er husband. The Conference was •a otable event in the lives of both, ance, pelgiuril, Italy and Jas pan presented 'proposala in connection with the Young Plan for the payment of reparations by Germany; those prepesals involved a loss to Great Britain of 12,400,000 per annum. Mr. Snowden declined to accept them. Day after day he sat at the Conference table and simply said "No" when they came up for discus- sion.' When theay (were so amended as to involve G t Britain in a loss of only £1,000,000 he still said "No" —he would not 'accept a proposal of any kind involving his country in a loss of one penny in regard to the payments of reparations under the Young Plan. It looked for a while as if The Hague Conference would end in failure. The English Chancel- lor had nothing to say but "No" to any proposal. It is a matter of history that on the night of August Zath, 1929, Mr. Snowden gained his way and Great Britain was not only salved a consid- erable sum, but made it clear to the world that there were limits to her readiness to shoulder the burdens of other people. Outside the Conference room, Mrs. Snowden throughout those hot Aug- ust days and evenings at The Hague, helped to fight the battle that her husband was engaged in. The Chan- cellor% stubbornness and bluntness in the Conference room might have created an atmosphere outside it that would have made his task almost im- possible. It was largely owing to the tact and charm of Mrs. Snowden that such an atmosphere did not arise and that her husband was able to secure the victory he did. Mr. Snowden's triumph at The Hague was of inestimable value to his party. The 4iance1lor became the most popular son in the coun- try; praise was 'shed upon him from every quartk d by every par- ty and choruses of adulation for the Labor Party went up. There is no doubt that Mr. Snow - den's resolute and stubborn stand took the average person by surprise; but those who had studied his career care- fully were not surprised. All through his life he has shown that he can be extraordinary resolute on any ques- tion on the merits of which he has profound conviction. There is no man in public life who can put up a more 'vigorous fight in defence of his convictions than can the Chancellor of the Exchequer. In the near future Mr. Snowden may find his mast profound and life- long political conviction challenged at a general election; for it looks as though the next election will be fought mainly on the old issue of protective duties on food. This is not a politic- al magazine, and there is no need here to discuss the merits of the pro- posed tax on imported food stuffs. But at such an election Mr. Snowden will perhaps find himself' the most prominent combatant on one side in the greatest political fight 'of his car- eer. He will probably welcome such a fight. He has spent most of his life in political turmoil; he is an old cam- paigner; and in his peaceful Surrey retreat one can readily picture him amid his books and pictures, with that quiet smile on his pale, thin lips which his opponents know so well, and which tothem is always a danger signal, looking forward to the day of battle. "Some people enjoy afterdinner speeches," says a critic. There -s no accounting for toasts.—London Sun- day .Pictorial. "Young men seem reluctant to get married," complains a lady writer. Deep depression over the British Aisles.—London Opinion. WHY NOT REVIVE TITLES IN CANADA? It was David Harum who is report- ed to have said on one occasion that there is as much human nature in some folks as there is in others, which is true, more especially in the popu- lar attitude to titles of distinctin. Human nature rightly craves some mark of earned place, and human na- ture should in turn be willing to con- cede it. To deny distinction, where it is due, seems to be a pervehsion of democracy, but in any event, democ- racy is not merely a dead level above which none ever ca, or should, rise. If marks of distinction proceeding from authority are withheld, the pop - lace will confer them, either from a wish to flatter or from a feeling that something of the kind is required, un- der the epecial eircumstances. Only, if there is no accepted fountain, the, populace will go to some ridiculous. lengths. Canada has close at hand, to the south, a unique and horrible ex- ample of this satisfying of a cravint. after titles of some kind, found in a people denied the possibility of re- ceiving them naturally, as a defined mark of merit, and by authority. Colonels are more than plentiful, ev- en outside Kentucky. Every Gover- nor of a state has a staff and every incoming Governor has a new staff to appoint, to which he names such of his supporters as may .have an urge for a title, such as may be made con- tent by such recognition, and those whom he desires to honor, all usually with the rank of colonel. Lindberg is a colonel by arbitrary creation, and as a mark of earned merit, no doubt, but where is the dis- tinction when the rank is so common as to have lost significance? Tunney, the prize-fighter, has lately been giv- en an appointment on a Governor's staff, with the rank of major. But what is his distinction in the life of the nation? He made a fortune in a short career in the prize ring, mar- ried a wife, whose name was in the social register, but which name is now removed thetefrom, and he is consol- ed with a majority and a uniform. Generals are fairly common, one man's right to the rank being said to be that he once kept a, general store. Captains of this and that, football teams, stone hookers, and what not abound though the name is often fam- iliarly. shortened to "Cap." Officers in the regular army are, of couree, 'strictly carnet in their acknowledg- ment of commissioned rank, and are perhaps) contemptuous of the array of those who desire to be distingaished. Go 'Arno* quick Way, olinsomid.0001.4broSoothw Sev.as everseefe is asteniShod, doctor's amazing diacovery. Skttti clears like magic. clot "Soothe - Salve" troy' druggist today, There are, in places, gradations of rank among the clergy, Reverend, , Very Reverend, Right Reverend and Most Reverend, to which might often be added, Rather Reverend, which ser- ies of steps in dignity is often copied by those who lack the grades in of- fice and authority thereby marked, presumably because real democrats require some marks of distinction. The mass of the people, ignorant of correct usage, address all and sundry among ministers as "Reverend," while doctors of one creation or another are as numerous a.mong ministers as the stars of heaven or the sands up- on the sea shore. The argument seems, to be that if la man has no dbc- tor degree„ it is so easy to obtain that he ought to have one; so, he gets "Doctor." Some few know that "Rev- erend" as a form of spoken address is inexcusable; "Father" does not come trippingly from the tongues of 100 per cent. Protestants, affectionate and meaningful title thought it be, and so again, "Doctor." Then there are Doctors of Osteopathy, of Divine Healing, of Chiropra.ctic. Practition- ers of this last-named art, ordinarily in my experience sign the letters D.C. after their names. Is it any won- der that one outstanding physician in Toronto insisted upon being known as "Mr."? Right honorable is one of the out- standing distinctions in this world, because it is so uncommon, being borne Iby very few, and no man dares to take it upon himself, even in the United States, where gall can get a- way with anything. But "Honorable in the Republic has sunk beneath con- tempt. Lately I saw a letter address- ed ;to the "Honorable ," the gentleman being the village clerk, a most estimable person. Seemingly, every person who holds even a minor political office may have the title tacked on, including the Honorable Hinky Dink, sometime alderman in the City of Chicago. And like all other titles, deserved or popularly conferred in the "land of the free," it sticks long after the reason or ex- cuse for it has passed away. And Professor! Lord save us! Time was when the village tonsorial artist in Ontario was locally known as Profes- sor. Now, any man holding a posi- tion in the schools of the U.S.A. may be so known. In one village of 1,600 people in the Middle West, the head of the necessarily quite small sehool system carries the title with all the supposedly necessary dignity. And the male teacher of music will stand out from the common herd, who are democrats by force of circumstances, as Professor, and never think of dis- claiming the distinction. Princesses abound. Kings of this and that clut- ter up the pages of the daily papers and the magazines. Mrs. Gann and Mas. Longworth war over precedence in democracy. Village magistrates are always addressed as "Judge." The United States is the happy hunting ground of secret societies with their grandiloquent titles to which any deserving man may aspire. He may be hen-pecked at home, and be of little or no account at the of- fice, but in the lodge room, .he may revel for one glorious hour in a splen- did uniform, a ritual composed of solemn nonsense, and in being ad- dressed as perhaps Right Worshipful Noble Grand Dictator. It was a col- ored man who told of joining a lodge the week before and being now Most Exalted Ruler. On his listener de- murring that it was rather soon to have travelled so far, he answered that this was the lowe,st rank in his lodge. Titles are forbidden by the Constitution of the United States, but what is the Constitution when it con- cerns the honor due to our fellow men or even prohibition? - Human nature rebels as it will rebel in Canada, and will confer marks of distinction whe- ther deserved or not. Why not ad- mit the fact and forestall this popular broadcasting of honors until they cease to halvie any meaning, by having them come from the recognited foun- tain of honor? The British people make no loud claim to democracy; the king does not have to insist upon his social position and he is thus quite naturally the truest type of demo- crat. Why not be British, be demo- crats who recognize that there is an aristocracy of intellect and achieve- ment, rather 'than try to be a palce copy of make-believe democracy which is dissatisfied with its own standards? HELEN DAVIES SHERRY, Dramatic Soprano, well known music- ally in Toronto and Western Canada, who will be soloist with the Canadian National Railways' All -Canada Sym- phony Hour, February 22nd. Mrs. Davies was for several years soprano soloist with the National Chorus of Te- ronto and in the ,early years of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra acted as soloist with them, Her home is now hi Saskatoon, Sask. ars