The Huron Expositor, 1930-10-31, Page 6''1,7tlsaaaai
.1
OUPPON.Q1 1004.00 ens, reltaarta thii' Tlated '
ER PARTS OR rig BRITISH i 2$ hat 4 eanaid d er r
aracuntea qvv, nye willt94.
is n ewhita Mainly to ti ea
" iolroOp moil lalv:s atocks aupaOld leaf"
spire tobacco prToducpigiuezeptirtedinpmvioes ereera, hodgs
, iliastry has, in recent years, uecorae ian flue -cured is widely used lu the
'�fgzeatIy anermed importance, Thia Maindaettire of cigarettes,
Oe the Nyasaland crop 85, per tent.
4:01:mists of the dark -fired tyPe. The
remainder is made up of bright flue -
Cured leaf. Production amounts te
about 14 million pounds. Imports in-
to the United Kingdom amounted to
nearly eleven million pounds in 1929.
The dark -fired tobacco is a excellent
quality, being used for twists, rolls
and pipe mixtures. It is this. Nyasa-
land dark -fired which constitutes one
of the strongest competitors of Can-
adian dark tobacco.
' The tobacco industries in other Em-
pire countries are of less importance.
The Union of South Africa produces
considerable Turkish tobacco. Most
of the production is consumed in the
1 home market. Cyprus exports Lata-
kia tobacco to the United Kingdom.
Cigar leaf is •produced in British
North Borneo and Jamaica. Attempts
are being made to grow bright flue -
cured tobacco in Australia and New
Zealand. Tobacco is also grown to
some extent in Palestine, in Kenya
and even in England itself.
„,deaelopmant may be traced directly
Preference first :great-
Eingdara in 1,919; This
#r9tj.'eraiteseltai eatoented to, one-sixth
sttallar ,greets ditty. In 1925 this was
fkineratteed to t a money value of two
Shillings and a half penny per pound,
and later 'Stabilized at this figure for
a period of ten years.
The results have been remarkable.
Expansions of production took place
in all parts of the Empire, including,
in addition to Canada, Northern and
Southern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Union
of South Afriee, India and Cyprus.
Experiments to test out the possibili-
ties of. teliaeao production were un-
dertaken in Australia, New Zealand
and Maly' of the colonies and man-
dates, A market rapidly developed
in the Old 'Country. In 1919 only 1.01
per cent,' of the clearances of leaf
for home consumption was of Em-
pire origin; .by 1924 this had risen to
8.42 per cent. and in 1929 to 17.10
per cent. By far the most important
sources of 'supply have been India,
Northern and Southern Rhodesia and
Nyasaland, in addition • to Canada.
These Empire countries all compete
with Canadian leaf in the United
A POPULAR FEATURE
Kingdom market, and it is important Canada has 13.7 telephones per 100
that Canadian growers know some- population. It is second in the world
thing of the nature of the competi- in telephone density. It is doubtful
tion. With this end in view, the To- whether the habit of calling out-of-
bacco Division of the Department of town friends is as prevalent anywhere
Agriculture, in co-operation with the , as in Ontario and Quebec. 'Daily long
Department of Trade and Commerce, distance calls total more than 70,000.
has gathered much valuable informa-
tion.
Over a million acres of tobacco are
grown in India, with a production esti-
mated at one thousand million pounds.
Three main types are gro'w'n, one of
which is used for native cigarettes, In a praiseworthy effort to show its
another for cheroots and the third for millions of readers that a country's
snuff. Most of the leaf is absorbe. d greatness depends rather on the en -
by the domestic market, but over rune terprise and tenacity of its people
million pounds were exported to Great than upon natural resources, the
Britain in 1929. This consistsmain- :New
ins of the World is running a ser-
ly of dark reddish leaf used the ies of articles showing how in the
manufacture of pipe mixtures.'past British inventors, business men
Two types of leaf are grown in the i and financiers have established great
Rhodesias, namely, brightflue-cover-lindustries. The plain inference is
ed, and Turkish. Production of the I
that they are likely to do so in the
former has fluctuated considerably mj future. We have already told the
recent years. In 1928 nearly twenty- story of how the foundations were laid
four and a half million pounds were I for British control of rubber at a
I
grown but owing to market condi-
time that practically no rubber grew
tions, this fell off. to six million pounds under the Union Jack, A companion
last year. The production of Turkish i story is that of the rayon silk indus-
amounts to about 500,000 pounds an- 'try which has had a marvellous
nuaily. The domestic market isneg- growth. The headquarters of the
ligible, but a considerable quantity 15 manufacture of artificial silk is in
absorbed 'by the Union of South Afri- coventry, England, where one firm,
that of Courtaulds, controls more
than a third of the money invested in
it. ,Incidentally we have heard that
the hest artificial silk in the world
is manufactured in Canada. Whether
its manufacture is done by a subsid-
iary company to a parent English
firm we are not aware, but we are
told that four-fifths of the net profit
made 'by the .trade as a whole goes
to England.
The notion that it might be •pos-
sible to make artificial silk is a very
of one, and as long ago as 1650 DT.
Robert Hook, a noted microscopist,
offered the suggestion. In the. 19th
century Sir Joseph Swan, another
Englishman, made a product which
had some of the characteristics of
real silk by the use of nitro-cellulose.
He produced a continuous thread, one
of whose first commercial uses was
as a filiment for gas filled electric
HOW BRITAIN WON RAYON SILK
,INDUSTRY
Relieve& egE
CAP-
DODD'S ri)>
i„5 K I NEY
PILLS
0150s,
13
11
Busy hand—at hard tasks
day in and day out. Persian
Balm keeps the skin soft and
Pliable. Removes redness
and relieves irritation.
At scer DttiggiSt
PER/IAN
BALM
lamps. From 11880 to 1892, 'Cross
and Bevan, two other British scien-
tists, experimented with cellulose re-
actions and eventually discovered and
patented the so-called "viscose” meth-
od. The subsequent discoveries, ad-
vanced the process to present day
standards and about 85 per cent. of
the world production is through this
method. But it seemed that rayon
was not for the Victorian era and as
long as Queen Victoria lived there
was no great demand for it. But
when the old queen died and Queen
Alexandra set the fashions a new
era dawned.
The lifetime of mourning to which
Victoria dedicated herself had serious
consequences upon British trade as
was pointed out at the time. She dress-
ed invariably in black. Even after
the Prime Consort had been in his
grave for 30 or 40 years it was
thought indelicate that one should ap-
proach the Queen in shining raiment.
Ali was dull and decorous. Crepe
was the favorite garb and ashes the
favorite powder, This' was highly
satisfactory to the venerable firm of
Courtaulds in Coventry which had
been making crepe since 1825, and
was perhaps the most important
manufacturer of this dismal material
in the world. So profitable was the
business that the Courtaulds made
nothing else. Then came Queen
Alexandra, and a desire for gayer
colors. The demand for crepe de-
clined. After a generation of it the
world was ready for something else.
Other manufacturers met the demand
with a hundred different fabrics but
Courtaulds were unable to adapt
themselves. It seemed that with
themit was crepe or nothing. There
came a time when the directors of
the business, who included the late
Henry Greenwood Tetley, of Leeds,
and Sir Thomas Latham, from Man-
chester, had to face the prospect of
winding up their concerns or going
into some other line of manufacture.
At this time the manufacture of
artificial silk was in its infancy. It
was almost a laboratory curiosity.
But the Courtaulds concluded that
they would gamble in this new com-
modity. They were in the position
of pioneers. To begin with, there was
in existence no such machinery as was
later devised. There were, of course,
no skilled operatives. So the form-
er crepe manufacturers had to blun-
der along, and the blunders were cost-
ly. Much money was sunk in their
various attempts, and when at last
they found themselves able to pro-
duce a satisfactory article they found
that there was no demand' for it.
Wholesalers would not look at it. Re-
tailers were, with the greatest, re-
luctance, induced to take some sam-
ples and pay for what they sold. On
the board of directors Tetley was
about the only man who was firmly
convinced that the day would come
If You are near a Post Box
IF it suits yon better to do so,
you may do your banking by mail.
Your money is safer in the bank than at home: Send it,
in any shape most convenient for you, to a Branch of the
Bank of Monica'.
Cash should be sent by registered mail.
Write to any Branch ,for our booklet "Banking by Mail."
It may save you many a trip to town.
4)4,-
Established roil
TOTAL ASSETS IN EXCESS I $1160,10017"1
Ilensall Branch: 1 R. COLES, Manager
Clinton Branch! XL It, 'SII.A1P, Manager
Brueefield (Sub -Agency): Open Tuesday & Friday.
sin saraMililtiiii "la•
juwami 1(4. r, (
OCT
wheil -Va5ron wo41.d be in deauriid.
There Was a meeting to review the
positiori, Most of those present were
in favor of washing their Nods of
a bad bargain, and hanging out the
crepe fer the last time on the door
of the great house.
Tetley, insisted, that the trouble was
not with the wholesalers or with the
retailers. Still less was it with the
idea of artificial silk. The silk could
be better made. He asked for some
thousands of pounds for new machin-
ery, which, he believed, would solve
the problem and produce an article
that the world eagerly awaited. Strict-
ly a man of business, on this criti-
cal occasion he showed himself an
orator, almost a poet. His fiery elo-
quence had its impression upon the
other directors and eventually they
voted the money he asked for, the
new machinery was bought, and all
the old machinery scrapped. That
was really the beginning, Artificial
silk was turned out which was, by all
tests, finer than real silk. It is said
that so -fine is the gossamer produced
nowadays that a pound of it will
reach 5,000 miles, and this year 500,-
000,0W pounds are likely to be pro-
duced. Fifty thousand people are
directly engaged in the manufacture
in Great Britain and 300,000 others
indirectly.
STRANGE DISAPPEARANCE OF A
NEW YORK' JUDGE
It is not prejudice against Ameri-
cans or American institutions which
prompts the following question: Can
anyone imagine a Canadian judge like
the late Chief of Justice Hagerty,
author of "The Burial of Napoleon,"
Sir William, lltulock or Mr. Justice
Raney ibehaving in the strange and
deplorable manner of Judge Crater, of
New York? The question, of course,
is a mere rhetorical flourish to intro-
duce an account of the mysterious dis-
appearan,ee which for several weeks
past had been a New York sensation.
The judge vanished just about the
time there was heated talk of an in-
vestigation into the activities of sev-
eral New York magistrates with spe-
cial reference to their appointment,
bribery being more than hinted at in
out because he feared questioning ?
Was he abducted by gangsters? Did
he throw aside his career to enter up-
on another more exciting career as
companion to one of those blondes,
which gentlemen, including judges
are supposed to prefer? Who knows?
All that is generally known can eas-
ily be condensed in what remains of
this column, though we have little
hope of throwing new light on the
mystery. The gist of it can be com-
pressed into the statement that the
manner of Judge Crater's leaving
gave every proof that he did not in-
tend to return.
It is interesting to note that it was
not until a search had been made for
the judge that the public was given
a glimpse of what the real man was
like. He was, it appears, a curious
combination. He was a sound lawyer,
the possessor of what Morris Markey
in The New Yorker calls a disting-
uished legal mind respected for his
knowledge by his peers. He was also
a Tammany politician, which, rather
than his distinguished legal mind, ex-
plains why he was a justice of the
Supreme Court. He was the head of
a family, whose members thought
that his chief relaxation lay in the
reading of good books. On the other
hand he was known along Broadway,
where, at least, a handful of show
girls felt at liberty to speak of him
as Good Old Joe. He had an apart-
ment on Fifth Avenue and a summer
home in Maine, where his wife and
family have resided for the past fif-
teen years while he gave the Good
old Joe side of his nature a paly in
tn the summer along Broadway. From
the summer home on August 2nd he
was summoned by a telephone call to
New York. It is known that on the
evening of the fifth he dined quietly
with some friends; played cards and
then retired, presumably, to his a-
partment. The next morning he ap-
peared at his office in the court house
and was extremely busy going through
his desk, sorting and destroying pa-
pers, taking away several files. He al-
so sent Joseph L. Mara, his court-
room attendant and confidential handy
man, to cash two cheques 'totalling
$5,100, receiving the money in small
bills. He told Mara he was going up
to Westchester for a swim and would
be .back the next day.
In May Mara had cashed a cheque
for $7,000 giving the judge thousand
dollar bilis. His savings accounts
were found closed out, but a month
ater two accounts were found where
11,000 stood to his credit. The even -
ng on which he received the $5,100
he bought a single seat for a theatre,
and had dinner with a man named
oseph Klein, a theatrical attorney.
Others were in the party at the table
ut Klein did not mention the fact
which came to light only after a
how girl telegraphed him from Cleve -
and that she and her parents were
here. Crater left the party at nine
'clock, entered a taxi and has not
een Hen since. He was expeeted at
is summer home about the eighth or
inth of August but when he did not
ppear by the fifteenth Mrs. Crater
ent Kehler, the family chauffeur, to
ew York to look him up. The judge's
cretary told him that the judge was
ound town, and would turn up in a
uple of days and the chauffeur tele-
graphed this message back to Mrs.
Csrater. Another week passed and then
Leo Lowenthal, a city detective and
riend of Crater's, became maims
nd began an investigation. In the
udge's city apartment he found his
est, watch and chain., card ease and
ountain pen lying an a desk.
The papers he had taken from, his
hamberi were absent Mail had ae-
umulated. It was then that the hue
nd cry was raised and the flood of
ank letters poured in on Mrs. era -
r and the detective. Associate judg-
expressed the opinion tiled Grater
ad been murdered. From the Crater
simmer home came the announcement
,at the judge and his wife were to -
ether on a trip which Would occupy
month. Then a lawyer announced
at he had Wet consulted about the
ine of the disappearance by a Miss
ornate Fay who was about to eater
it for $1:00,00,0 against Crater. In.
stigatkm seemed to show that Miss
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te
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•
'..e' TION
of had a lot 1,if trouble with ray
stomach and incliges,tion during the
last 11 years and toxic poisons seeni-
,
FLOYD ROBINSON
ed to be all through my system. I
was in a dull, listless half -sick state
that steadily sapped my strength and
vitality. Sargon put me back on my
feet in the very pink of health and
I feel as strong and vigorous as when
I was in the army.
"Sargon Pills got my bowels regu-
lated and cleared my system bf pois-
ons and for ,onee in my life I'm en-
tirely over my constipation."—Floyd
Robinson, 78 Eastern Ave., Toronto.
Sargon may be obtained in Seaforth
from Charles Aberhart.
Fay was identical with Mrs. Connie
Marcus, who thereupon had a long and
frank conversation with the district
attorney which convinced him that she
knesv nothing of the disappearance.
The attitude of Mrs. Grater seems
unsatisfactory to the investigators.
She declined, for instance, to say who
were her husband's closest friends.
There are some discrepancies in the
accounts given of the movements of
the Crater family automobile in New
York and the date of its return to the
summer home. Was Judge Crater
blackmailed, and perhaps murdered?
But why did he take the records from
his office? If Judge Crater did not
intend to come back and was gather-
ing all his money together for the
purpose of flight, why did he over-
look the $11,000 in the savings ac-
counts which were presumably un-
known to his wife and only came to
light a month after his disappear-
ance? Mr. Markey's final comment is:
"One thinks of a legal-m-inded,
schoolroomish sort of fellow prank-
ing unfamiliarly through the devious
ways of politics and of the fleshpots,
fouling himself astonishingly in the
tangled threads of both, and running
at last into a corner where fleshpots
and politics meet on common ground
for his destruction."
BATTLE OF WARSAW THAT
SAVED EUROPE
On Saturday Poland celebrated one
of the great events in her history, a
battle which has been almost forgot-
ten by the outside world, although so
well-informed a student of affairs as
Lord D'Abernon says that it marked
a turning point in European affairs
and might well be considered by his-
torians as one of the great battles in
history. What was this battle, then?
It was the battle which stayed the
tide of Bolshevism then threatening
to sweep over Europe. It' was fought
at a time when Bolshevism stood
higher than it has ever done since.
The great experiment had not been
fully tried out. Practice had not shown
the imbecility of some of its theories.
The gilt was not off the ginger bread.
To a war -weary world, it seemed a,s
though here at last might be vile of
the greatest movements in history,
not only had a way been found
to abolish war but a panacea for pov-
erty, a remedy for human suffering.
Therefore, in all countries there were
many thousands, perhaps millions,
who would have been net unwilling to
give it a trial.
Lord D'Albernon says that in Ger-
many the large cities would have de-
clared for Bolshevism had Poland been
conquered. There were active Com-
munists in these cities already provid-
ed with stores of arms which would
have been distributed had Poland col-
lapsed. Undoubtedly the revolution
would have spread through Germany
and to other countries, and if it had
not succeeded it could have been sup-
pressed only at the cost of rivers of
blood. But Poland proved the dam
that restrained these rivers. There
were a few insignificant Bolshevik
outbreaks but it was Poland which
determined, perhaps for all time, that
the Soviet experiment should be con-
fined to Russia. It was Poland which
may have decided that the Bolshevik
experiment should fall; or if it should
succeed that it will be adopted by
other nations willingly and not as the
result of armed insurrections against
the present systems of Government.
With these facts in mind it would
01111(1.11/6....e.
REMOVES STING FROM
BURNS AND SCALDS!
Despite every precaution, most of us
receive our share of burns and scalds
... grasping something hot ... splut-
tering grease ,,kiddies playing with
fiea .. :We defer know when our turn
tato Come. And haw vitally important
it is that a bottle of Absorbine, Jr,,
handy—always!
Applied instantly to the parts affected,
AbsorGine, Jr., takes out the sting and
aids Nature to heal quickly and ef-
fectively. Splash it on freely and
often tinget the hest results.
Aher4iiie, jr., it a highly eeicentraied
antiatptie and ifertalaide wiiiih'eaothes
the re*, tend skin ... Olayo„
ilAniatihn . end rettataie elf
infeetion it i4nohgteairy &ea
not stain the term. Get a b�tile
Pout" dr s—pice
he .
semi that other countries hetilde's PoL
and ebonI4 hail the anniversary that
put an end to the Soviet peril.
The, decisive Battle of WarAaw was
fought op Aughst 15, 1920, but peace
t'estffeten Boland awl Russaa: was not
efitobex 1Sth. IT; the pre -
vie :weeks of Aghting the Russian
fqx,geS, had 4w9pt the Poles Were
them aa the Russians themselves had
been ehesed by Ludendorff and Hind-
eenburg. In forty days the Poles had
fallen 'hack on ail average of ten miles
a day. From a military point of view
the ,eitaation seemed less like a re-
treat than a out or even a flight:
The Polish army kept falling back on
Warsaw which was the Russian ob-
jective: With this city once in its
hands, the Polish resistance must have
degenerated into guerilla fighting.
Moreover, since the warMoreover, had shown
that even the most ,powerful fortress-
es could offer no permanent or even
lengthy resistance to modern heavy
guns, and since the Polish army was
not only in full retreat but seemed to
have lost its fighting spirit, the end
seemed near. There were two or three
encouraging features. Poland had the
moral support of all the rest of Eur-
ope. Gen. Weygand, representing'
France, and Gen. Radcliffe, repres-
enting Great Britain, were with Mar-
shal Pilsudski, giving him military
advice and thus contributing to the
great victory which lay before him,
invisible though it was at the time.
Poland was assured that there
would be no shortage of ammunition,
and that short of placing British and
French armies in the field, these pow-
ers would give her every support with-
in her power. But in the absence of
success in the Battle of Warsaw, it
is not apparent what this support
would have been worth. It was at the
darkest hour that Pilsudski struck his
great blow. Lord D'Abernon is auth-
ority for the statement that nobody
but a national hero like the marshal
could have mustered the prestige that
made the miracle possible. From a
military point of view the situation
was desperate indeed. Yet the first
step toward victory was a still fas-
ter retreat. This appeared to the
pressing Russians as indeed a flight.
The Poles fell back faster than the
Russians could follow them. The two
armies completely lost touch with
each other. It was Pilsudski's idea to
break off the engagement so that he
might have time for reforming his
armies.
They had, moreover, to be infused
with a new spirit, a will to victory.
Under his command were men who
had fought with the Russian army,
the German army and the Austrian
army in the great war. They were
armed with both Russian and German
rifles, requiring different ammunition.
Uniforms and boots were scarce. It
was Pilsudski who was able to breathe
into this conglomerate and heterogen-
ous mass the fire of Polish patriot-
ism, and convince the soldiers that
they could have victory if they were
determined enough. He drew armies
from the immediate defence of War-
saw and from other fronts. He mass-
ed every available soldier for his pur-
pose, and by some masterly manoeu-
vering of his army, he deceived the
Russians as to his position and fell
upon their flank. After desperate fight-
ing the Russians were not only check-
ed but overwhelmed in eight day'
fighting. The victory was so decisive
that it practically put an end to the
war, though the defeated Russians
had penetrated far into the heart of
Poland. There have been many criti-
cisms of Pilsudski since then. As a
dictator he has been far from admir-
able. But as a soldier his position re-
mains unchallenged.
WE LIST EXPLORING AMONG
GREAT RACKETS
For the first time in history ex-
ploration is paying the explorer hand-
somely. He can :become rich on it, and
that without troubling himself to dis-
cover anything of scientific import-
ance or commercial value. He can
cash in on his adventures. Hurry Earl
Hanson in The Outlook quotes an ex-
plorer as saying:
"Never before has there been any
real money in the game. Thi what
we have now—the newspapers, the
magazines, the movies, endorsements
in the ads—all ;the publicity agencies
we know, hell-bent not only to make
explorers famous but to pay them real
money for it." In ono sense this h
satisfactory enough, for, as e whole,
the explorers are the very salt of the
earth, and it is good to know that
they have not to spend 0 years in the
wilderness to acquire enough to live
on for the five or six years they might
be expected to survive after settling
down in civilization. But in another
sense Mr. Hanson finds it Manning.
Big business has begun to exploit the
explorers for its own immediate end,
to wit the making of more money for
big business. The trouble is that big
business knows little and cares less
about the scientific values of the work
of explorers. In time to come, it is
conceivable that the explorers will
cease to care very much themselves.
Says Mr. Hanson: "Your explorer,
at his best, if not a scientist, is at
least a collector for science, going to
relatively inaccessible regions to ga-
ther all the information he can, either
in the form of specimens or abstract
facts. IHis chief value, which distin-
guishes him from the adventurer; is
determined by his success as a collec-
tor, by the amount of new knowledge
f the world he brings back with him.
Where he goes or how many men have
een.there before him is of less im-
ortance than what he sees that is
ew." But the purposes of the explor-
r are wholly different from and may
e in direct opposition to the force of
ublicity which will, if submitted to,
make him rich and fainouS, irrespee-
ive of his contributhin to science, He
must submit to be Fepresented as a
ero, facing incredible dangers and
oimfgritik almost insuperable peaks
nd barriers. Mr. Hanson says: "Per.
onalitries are of prime importance.
he general method is to build up a
met, teake it world famous, and
hen give column after ecstatic col -
inn to anything its bearer may de.
s fair as poSsibie, these men shenid
it built on a sugar-sWeet pattern.
ey shotild be modest; intreoid and
eat, with the idea "iiiiplied that m.m.b
p
m
p,
p4r who fl60 not fix* at the
0
li
p
c
a
A
11
Th
'—
6
"The trouble with me, and vela
this applies to 99 out of every 100 meu
who are putting on weight. &WI
have the energy or "pep" to keep it off.
Lost all interest m any healthy aethdty
and just lazed around accumulating
the old pounds, until I got that
" Itruselien feeling."
Start taking Kruschen Salts—that's
the 001:mm1i-sense way to reduce—but
don't take them with the idea that
they possess reducing qualities in
themselves.
This is wbat they do—they clean out
the impurities in your blood by keeping
the bowels, kidneys and liver in Helen;
did working shape, and fill you with
vigor and tireless energy.
As a resplt, instead of planting
yourself in an easy chair every free
moment and letting flabby fat accumu-
late, you feel an urge for activity that
keeps you moving around doing the
things you've always wanted to do and
needed to do to keep you in good
condition.
Kruschen Salts are the up-to-date
Fountain of Youth. Take one-half
teaspoon in a glass if hot water
to -morrow morning and every morning
—be careful of the foods you eat—take
regular moderate exercise—then watch
the pounds slide off.
tern can collect specimens or facts."
The real standard of achievement
almost invariably lies in the mater
of priority. If a man. wants news-
paper fame, and the prosperity into
which it can be coined, he , must be
the first to get somewhere or do some-
thing, no matter how barren or sci-
entific interest the first flight or the
first expedition may prove. As an il-
lustration of how the press does an
injustice to scientific achievement, he
mentions the case of Wilkins, who is
probably the greatest of living ex-
plorers, one of the greatest scientific
explorers in all history. He is now
discussing plane for the use of a sub-
marine for Arctic exploration. His
great purpose, the central purpose of
his whole career, is the establishment
of a number of weather observatories
in the Arctic and Antarctic that will
be of inestimable value to farmers,
mariners, wheat' and wool speculators
and aviators the world over. For
that he has to locate possible sites in
the Antarctic, the main breeder of
the world's weather, and perhaps dis-
cover new and unknown islands in
the Arctic. Experience has shown him
that sledge travel over the ice is slow
and hampered; that ships cannot pen-
etrate the ice or if they do are froz-
en in and obliged to drift with the
current defiant of the will of the com-
mander. Aircraft are too fast to per-
mit close observation; they are too
dependent on visibility and their range
is limited, by supplies at shore bas-
es.
Se the fertile mind of Wilkins turns
to the submarine, for he considers
diving under the ice safer than flying
over it, an opinion shared by Stefan-
sson. But does the general publie.
reading ebout the submarine, begin
to understand the important scientific
questions 'at issue? It does not. It
sees but another stunt—Wilkins about
to proceed to the pole by submarine
because nobody else has ever done it.
Because his flight of 1927 was obv-
iously not a stunt, its great import-
ance has not been recognized. Mr.
Hanson complains that even in books
published' this year he finds the sim-
ple but startling announcement, "his
flight of 1927 was also a failure,"
whereas in Wilkins' opinion it was the
greatest of all his Arctic ventures,
and considered by many geographers
and explorers the greatest flight ev-
er made in the north—a supreme
demonstration of skill, ability and in-
tegrity.
Thus the monster of publicity, serv-
ing the necessity of earning more
money for big business, helps the
public to confuse the great and im-
portant with the rash and insignifi-
cant; and if Wilkins happens to reach
the pole by submarine he will be hon-
ored and remembered for that exploit
rather than for his life -time of devo-
tion to science and his tremendous
contributions to it. While giving cred-
it to Commander Byrd for his fine
work, 'his expeditions illustrate the
moneymaking side of exploration a-
part from its scientific side, For years
advertisements have been flooding
magazines and newspapers describing
the 'various things that the party lug-
ged to the south pole. There have been
testimonials for everything from raz-
ors to cough drops, and the public is
left with the impression that only
the best of everything was taken on
this trip, and that Byrd and his com-
panions are experts who know'the
best typewriter as infallibly as they
know the best lubricating oil. Of
course, it is to be admitted that with-
out the powerful help of the great
newspapers and news services some
of these important explorations could
never have taken place. The money to
make them successful could not have
been raised. Nevertheless, it is well
that we should not lose the sense to
distinguish 'between an exploration
whose main function is to increase the
sale of canned beans and fountain
pens, and those which lay the founda-
tions for to -morrow's knowledge.
CLOTHES AND THE MAN
Williams considered himself rather
a "hit" with the girls, but when he
spoke to a young lady on the prom-
enade she was ver annoyed.
"I don't know you from Adam," she
snapped indignantly..
'Williams smiled in return.
"You ought to," he repEed.
dressed differently."
"I'm
eating seventeen' pounds of
bread, four pounds a uncooked oats,
two' pounds of roast meat and thirty
wo
helpinge of ice cream, a native of Bel-
grade recently n a wager. On a
Previous occasion, while serving in tho
army, he ate a meal which had been
prepared for twenty-five men.
Dust ftgling tritain has been
traced as corning' from the 8ahara
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