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The Huron Expositor, 1921-01-14, Page 2THE McKILLOP MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE CO'Y. HEAD OFFICE-SEAFORTH, ONT. OFFICERS J. Connolly, Goderich, President Jas. Evans, Beechwood, Vice -President T. E. Hays, Seaforth, Secy.-Treas. AGENTS Alert Leitch, R. R. No. 1, Clinton; Ed. Finchley, Seaforth; John Murray, Bromfield, phone 6 on 137, Seaforth; J. W. Yeo, Goderich; R. G. Jar - moth, Brodhagen. DIRECTORS William Rinn, No. 2, Seaforth; John Bennewies, Brodhagen; James F.vans, Beechwood; M. McEwen, Clinton; Jas. Connolly, Goderich; D. F. McGregor, R. R. No. 3, Seaforth; J. G. Grieve, No. 4, Walton; Robert erris, Harlock; ,C.teor•ge McCartney, No. 3, Seaforth. G. T. R. TIME TABLE Trains Leave Seaforth as follows: 11 a. m. - For Clinton, Goderich, Wingham and Kincardine. 6.53 p. m. - For Clinton, Wingham, and Kincardine. 11.03 p. m. - For Clinton, Goderich, 6.51 a. in. -For Stratford, Guelph, Toronto, Orillia, North Bay and points west, Belleville and Peter- boro and points east. 6.12 p. m. -For Stratford, Toror.to, Montreal and points east. LONDON, HURON AND BRUCE. Going North a.m. p.m. C. P. R. TIME TABLE GUELPH & GODERICH BRANCH TO TORONTO • am. Goderich, leave 6.20 Blyth 6.58 Walton 7.12 Guelph 9.48 FROM TORONTO Toronto, leave ... 8.10 Guelph, arrive 9.80 Walton 12.03 Blyth 12.16 Auburn 12.28 Goderich 12.55 p.m. 1.30 2.07 2.20 4.63 5.10 6.30 9.04 9.18 9.30 9.55 Connections at Guelph Junction with Main Line for Galt, Woodstock, Lon- don, Detroit, and Chicago, and all in- termediate points. HOW YOU CAN TELL i • GENUINE ASPIRIN Only i are Aspirin -No others! Tablets with "Bayer Cross." London" 9.05 4.45' Centralia 10.04 5.501 Exeter 10.18 6.021 Hensall 10.33 6.14 1'ippen 10.38 6.21 Bsucefield 10.47 6.29 Clinton 11.03 6.45 i eiadesboro 11.34 7.03 Blyth 11.43 7.10 Beigrave 11.56 7.23 -Wingham 12.11 7.40 Gobte South am. p.m. Wingham 7.30 3.20 Eelgrave 7.44 3.36 Blyth 7.56 3.48 Londeaboro 8.04 8.56 Clinton 8.23 4.15 Brucefield 8.40 4.32 Kippen 8.46 4.40 Henan 8.58 4.50 aeter 9.13 5.05 Centralia 9.27 5.15 London 10.40 6.15 pAVECQ Q IThere is only one Aspirin, that. marked 'with the "Bayer Cross" --all other tab- lets are only acid imitations. Cemmne "Bayer Tablets of Aspirin" hare been prescribed by physicians for nineteen years and proved sat mil- .lious for l'ain, Headache, Mtiralgia, 'Colds. Rheumatism, Lumbago. Neuritis. Handy tin boxes of 12 tablets -also 'larger "]layer" packages, can be had at -any drug store. Made in Canada. Aspirin in the trade mark (registered an Canada), of Bayer Manufacture. of Monoaret icaoidtster of Salirvlicaicid. I While it is well known that Aspirin 'mean- Bayer manufacture, to assist the public against imitations, the Tabreta of Bayer Company, Ltd., will be stamped {with their general trade mark, the "Bayer Cross." WE ARE .4: EXCLUSIVE muffs FOIA WE INVITE HOUSEHOLDERS GENERALLY TO CALL AND SEE SAMPLES OF THESE FINISHES. EVERY PRODUCT GUARANTEED FOR QUALITY AND SERVICE. H. EDGE, SEAFORTH, ONT. RENEWS and brines out the ,Isattf,il. Otf(N Ilud ' Cue Easily. t$ Weterp.00t - von Mail 40, WlFdge, Seaforth, ''''")11' 'eta CASTOR I A IICC Muds and Cl dldren. its EW Yes Ban Always Beog6t mon tilt elaNgtHe Of • THE REASON WHY Why. is Bread So IndPortan' history of btead es a food reads like a•romance.. I,t hva played an i)atlort- • ant part in the Ism.intea of tnan'kind an t r ,, st,t:ga'les. ,:aa..'ugh ab. -ages tb perfection. The progress of nations through their different periods of development can be traced by the quality and quantity of bread they have used. No other'• food has taken such an imp,aortant part in the civilization of mall To a large extent it has been the means of changing his habits froan'thoae of a savage to those of a civilized being. L has supplied the peaceful pursuits of agriculture and turned hint from war and the chase. It is an interesting fact that the civilized and the semi-civi�ized peo- ' ple bf the earth can be divided into two classes, based upon their princi- pal cereal foods -the rice eaters and the .bread eaters. Everyone admits that rice eaters ole 'less progressive while bread eaters have always been the leaders of civilization. It is an interesting fact that just as Japan is changing from a rice - eating nation to a bread -eating na- tion she is asserting her power. Anyone who stops to consider the history of nations will see that this matter of what we eat is the one question of vital importance. Bread in one of the earliest,. the most generally used and one of 'the most important foods used by man. Without bread the world would not exist without great hardship. On bread alone a nation of people can exist, and to sit down to a meal with- out it causes us to feel at once that senething is missing. what was the Origin and Meaning of Bread? -Bread is baked from many substances. although when we think of bread we usually think of wheat bread. It is sometimes made from roots, fruit and the bark of trees, but generally only from grains such as wheat. rye, corn, etc. The word read conies from an old word briny, ineaning to pound. This came from the method used in preparing the food. Foo, 1 whiche wus pounded was sari to be brayed and latter this spell- ing was changed to bread. Proper- ly soc•aking, however, these brayed or ground materials are not really hrea,i in our sense of using the term until they are moistened with water, when it becomes dough. The word dough is an old one, meaning to moisten. Thi, baked in hot ashes, and a hard, indigestible lump of bread was the result. Accidentally it was discover- ed that if the «lough was left for a lime before baking, allowing it t,, ferment, it would, when mixed with more dough. swell up and become porous. 'Thus we got our word loaf tat. an 1,1.1 word lifian, which meant to r:iise up or to lift up. When v.as Wheat First used in Making Bread] ---11 is not clearly known when or by whom wheat was (liseevered, but it seems to have been known from the earliest times. It is mentioned in the Bible, can be traced to ancient Egypt, and there are records showing that the Chinese cultivated wheat as early as 2700 B. C. To -day it supplies the princi- pal article for masking bread to all the civilized nations of the world. Will Wheat Grow Wild? -This is a question that has puzzled the world's scientists for more than 2- 000 years. From time to time it has been reported by investigators in vari- ous parts of the world that here and there wheat has been found growing wild and doing well, but every time a further investigation is made it develops that the wheat has been cditivated by sonic one else. There is as yet. no evidence for believing that wheat will grow in a wild state. NEWEST NOTES OF SCIENCE Australians are making a pure white mineral wool front basalt rock. The runners of a new sled that can be used on soft snow are min- iature skis. An English inventor's padlock is formed -like a fish, the jaws doing the locking. A new electric light flasher, tubu- lar in forme, screws directly into n hump socket. 'e German scientist has succeeded in using a farm of rust proof steel in dentistry-. An Ohioan is the inventor of an electrically operated machine to cut threads on pipes. To photograph broken bones French surgeons have invented a stereoscopic X-ray camera. CAN HAVE HiS OWN ARMY ANI) ALSO HANG HIGH In all the vast empire ruled over by King George V., there is only one private individual privileged to main- tain an army of his very own. That individual is the Duke of Atholl, the Scottish chieftain who is head of the great Murray clan, master of historic Blair Castle and, incidentally, the possessor of a greater number of titles than any other member of the peerage. The Duke of Atholl's private army is not a very big one. It is net suffi- ciently formidable to enable the duke, did he happen to come to logger- heads with his sovereign lord the king, as his fiery Highland ancestors made quite a habit of doing, to put up much of a scrap, for it comprises only about. 250 men. The duke's army, however, is im- portant enough to have caused serious concern to that flaming patriot, Ho- ratio Bottomley, M.P., (who consist- ently attacks the United States and everything American in the pages of his precious weekly, John Bull) and in the House of Commons he ques- tioned the government concerning it. Bottomley desired to know whether the Duke of Atholl had a private army of his own, whether it was paid for out of public funds and was under the .control of the war Milne, for what purpose it existed and how many it comprised. Replying on behalf of the govern- ment Sir Archibald Williamston stat- ed that there is a body of men in Scot- ' land known as the Atholl Highlanders, 1 consisting of about 250 tenants of the Duke of Atholl and other ei ,loyees who are:. used for 'ceremonial own. atone. !I In. the Highlands," he added, "this ptody s looked upon as a pie turesque. setter -of bygdne days. No public funds are spent on the force, war and itodicis e:no"t under the control of the ` Mr. Bottomley asked if any of the. members of this force served in .the war. Sir,Archibald Williamson replied that a large number of them did. Dr. D. Murray, a member from north of the Tweed, explained that a Scottish chief had a certain dignity to maintain, especially the chief of the leading clan, the clan Murray (at this the house laughed uproariously), and declared that it was necessary for the duke to have an arrny of his own. Mr. Bettomley's curiosity be- ing thus satiated, the assembly pass- ed on to other business. Call them an army, a bodyguard o'• what you please, the Atholl High- landers are an uncommonly interest- ing and picturesque force, in possess- ing which his grace of Atholl is unique among the great nobles of Europe. 1t has been the privilege )bf the hold- er of this title for centuries to keep his own private army and in the earlier days the sturdy Celts com- posing it were armed with axes and claymores. Every year the duke's army meets at Blair castle, his an- cient and stately seat, on the occasion of the Atholl gathering. Preceded by pipers and with the duke as colonel in chief at their head, the men march to the grounds, where the games are held. Every retainer of the duke is a member of the army provided he comes up to the physical standard, which is high. Most of the men are over six feet in height. In their bonnets they wear the juniper sprigs id the Murray,. Their tunics are gray and they wear kilts of the duke'., tartan. The Atholl highlanders are the only military force in Great Britain, ,.utside the regular army, thut pos- 0' saes regimental colors. The right to Burry these was granted. to the duke's army .by Queen Victoria in 1842, and at the conclusion of the first of many visits which site paid L, w a L 'l'. a l Sipleased c st e. tio wass the c sov,a•t•I gn with her reception that she asked her host, father id the present duke, what she could do for hint in return, and was promptly petitioned the colors. It is said the queen was- -very chary and somewhat un- willingly granted the favor. The right to maintain an army of their own is only one of several an- re-lral prerogatives enjoyed by the li las of Atholl. Another of them is the right of being hanged on a gal- lows thirty feet higher than • ny ,situ 1;y offender. A portion of Blair castle slates hack to the thirteenth cert: or' and is held by the dukes of At., 1, I1•On1 the crown by a strong^ (crate, the d,,ke being under the obligations of pr.•senting a wjplt., rose to the sovereign whenever he or she v ,sits the castle, under the penalty' of forfeiture should this act of hom- age not be performed. Because of this, white roses have from time im- memorial been kept in bloom at Blair rustle all the years, so as to be in lowliness for any sudden and un- announced visit of the sovereign. An- other tradition always maintained at Blair ordains that when the heir to the dukedom brings home his bride, she must not be allowed to walk into the house like any ordinary mortal, but should 6e'borne in the arms of old and faithful retainers' over the threshold of the castle. it is not unfitting, in a way, that the head of this ancient i c:ottish house should possess a private army, for by the tenantry of his vast estates he is looked upon ea a sort of king in his own right. Those estates cover over 200,000 acres in Perthshire, of which about seven -eighths are deer forests, woodlands or grouse moors. Blair castle itself, with its white tower and erowstepped gables, stands at the en- trance. of the great forest of Glen Tilt, about three miles from the fam- r:us pass of Killicrankie. No other British nobleman can hold a candle to the Duke of Atholl when it comes to comparing the number of their respective titles. The duke's run to nineteen in all and include, besides.the dukedom, two marquisates, five earldoms, three viscounties and eight baronies. Besides these the duke is the eldest coheir to the barony of Latimer and one of the co-heirs to four baronies. The total of his possible titles is thus twenty- four. The dukes of Atholl have ever been fighters, and the present bearer of the title trust be numbered among the doughtiest of theta. Three wars have found him at the service of his coun- try, and .in each of them he dis- tinguished himself. The eighth duke of`his line, he celebrated his 49th birthday only recently, having been born on December 15, 1871. He was educated at Eton, and is known among his friends by his Eton name of Barcy. His first experience of actual fighting was gained in the Nile ex- pedition of 1898, during which he served as a staff officer in the Egyp- tian cavalry. In the course of this campaign, he was twice mentioned in dispatches, and was awarded the D. S. 0., for carrying water to wounded dervishes under hot fire. To one dervish, who had been shot three times through the leg, he acted as surgeon by extracting the bullet's with an ordinary buttonhook. For the South African war he rais- ed a force of his own, recruited prin- cipally in Scotland and called the South African Horse, and commanded it throughout the campaign. At the outbreak of the European war he commanded a Scottish cavalry regi- ment, and later took part with dis- tinction in the ill-fated Gallipoli ex- pedition. A typical Highland chief, big of frame and ruddy with health, the duke is happiest when he can stroll 1 at ease on the wonderful Atholl estate, with his gun or his rod, a I favorite dog at his heels, a pipe be- , ' tween his teeth and a jovial word or 1 smile for some Billie, keeper or cot- tager. His duchess, the daughter of Sir .games Ramseq, tenth baronet of Banff, is exceedingly handsome and exceptionally gifted. She is a really distinguished musician, an associate I of the Royal Academy of Music and a pianist of almost professional skill. The upkeep of their vast estates' V'ttge 44, t.. t, .4;kJif% P 4 Lt ri ;i't1 .r :+try e t"soi1A"k has always ben- the, chief concern of the dukes of ,Atholl and thity„ have one aud'alt been -great -tree planters. The fourth 'duke claimed to /have planted 27,500,,000 trees, and the seventh, duke, father, of the present Mie, about 3.00000.' The story goes that the late drake also devised a moat original method of seed sowing. On one portion of the property are some inaccessible rocks, which had been guiltless of a green leaf for centuries. Some ancient Gannon happened to lie near at hand, and, by the duke's or- der these were charged with tin canisters filled ^ with seeds of hardy plants and shrubs and fired straight into the cracks in the rocks. A little soil had collected there and the seed thus origindlly sown are said to have taken root and sprung up as lavishly as those in the parable that fell on good ground. THE WAR- AS SEEN FROM THE GERMAN RANKS If you had seen the German armies niarchlrlt to the front in August, 1914 you wodld never have dreamt that they would return with red • armlets and without princes, dukes, and rul- ers. Thanks to the skilful and dis- honest propaganda of the General Staff, thanks to the censorship, thanks to the semi-official telegraph agencies the entire German people were kept in the firm belief that Germany had been attacked and that the war was the last link in the chain with which England had been encircling. Ger- many so as to destroy her. This be- lief lasted many months after the war began. That is why the,Gernran army starched emthusiasticslly into the "inevitable war." 'ritat is why one and a half rocllion youthful vol- unteers filled the barracks, the schools and all the public buildings requisi- tioned for war service by the military authorities. None of those will, marched gladly to war had ever seen a war. Few had ever seen a dead body; still less had they seen men lying dead on the bare ground with torn limbs and laceratedb ! oe . Belgium was overrun. The wound- ed home nil sir!t leave wore stared at as though they were strange sea monsters. The (tattle of the Marne was celebrated as 0 ghat victory. But when Paris simply refused to fall. and when the trench war in the west cried "Halt!" and when a war Christmas was at hand -Ashen, and not till then, did soldier and civilian be- gin to doubt. The delirious enthus- iast began to abate. Soldier and civilian hegan to criticise, the officers and the General Staff to feel nervous. l passed through Belgium to North- ern France with my roupauy on the 8th Octhher, 1914. WP did not sing - German soldiers going to war had 'Lorded singing voluntarily as early as October, 191.1. We detrained at Nesle, near St. Quentin. This was the first welcome we goat from the lidjutant when we paraded- with our regiment the following day: he kicked five or six men and clouted two or three, because he had heard them talking in the ranks. Of course, we were ashamed that such things were possible, but we excused then[ by at- tribnting them to the excitement, the hardships, and the nervousness which both officers and men had to undergo in the front line. But if any one of us still had any war enthusiasm it froze all of a sudden and remained below zero from that hour onwards. There was the great confusion in the villages'behind the front. One night at Roye we discovered four in- fantrymen behind doors bolted from the inside. They had been in hiding for a week. The men of my company were unruly and deeply depressed. One of them deliberately shot his finger off as he was cleaning his rifle. On parade the sergeant major tried to "improve the moral" of the troops. We were inexperienced greenhorns, and that is why we listened to his worts. He said that the present deadlock meant nothing, for tremend- ous things were in preparation, things such as the world had never seen before. The old soldiers of the unit laughed when the parade was over and called the sergeant major a swindler. A few Clays later we heard of the first Zeppelin raid on London. We were in the trenches soon af- ter. At night time the new arrivals were sent out on patrol. When we observed that the "old soldiers" dodg- ed the worst dangers we followed their example. Bread and soup were brought from the field kitchens every evening, but we lived chiefly on the turnips that grew in the fields. We suffered acutely from hunger an8 we all had stomach ,trouble. Terrible things went on in the field hospitals. Whoever was reported sick was abas- ed in the vilest manner by the ser- geant major and then chucked out as a shirker by the medical officer, whereupon more abuse from the ser- geant major would follow. The priv- ate soldiers had only one tgpic of conversation day and night: "Shall we have peace by Christmas?" Christmas brought no peace but many Iron Crosses that were distributed so unjustly as to provoke nothing but resentment. We soon began to realize that the enemy were stronger than we had thought. The war became a matter Incorporated 1865 The Molsons Ban14, Capital and Reserve $9,000,000 Over 130 Branches ENCOURAGE THRII''r IN YQUR CHILDREN The opening of a Savings Account for a child. in THE MOLSONS BANK encourages bun to save, his a step towards that traditional first thousand dollars. Savings Departments at all Ilranchea. IBRANCHES IN THIS DISTRICT Brucelleld St. Marys Kirkton Exeter Clinton Hensall Zurich with money and presents. The com- pany sergeant majo'rs in the barracks at home had always been corruptible; now they became corruptible at the front's well. Leave coutd be bought, so could light duty, soft jobs at the bases, promotions, and Iron Crosses. The class without property -that is to say, the proletarians - slaved, starved, froze, and died. Their ntbthera, gives and children wrote of similar woes in their letters front home. Every Alaaee-Lorrainer or Pole was suspected of espionage. Ill- treatment of soldiers was so common that the Social Democrats even asked questions about it in the Reichstag. We had the right W complain, but no one ever dared make use of this right. Wherever the third-class soldier found himself he was nigger -driven, lucked and bullied. As fur the governing class --the officers --every lieutenant had his batman. A company commander had two or three. The soldiers had only a little black bread 10 appease their incessant hunger, but thi' officers had white bread and special meals every day. while the common soldier faintedor f sheer hunger in the trenches, the officers had roast meat brought to their dug -outs, where the wine flowed plentifully. - They had casinos furnished in the most elabor- ate fashion. They had their cows ant their pigs, and with the profits front the soldiers' canteens they paid for their banquets and for the women they kept at the bases. Of course there were distinctions amongst the officers also. The higher their rank, the further their base, the worse they became. The most amazing condi- tions began to prevail. Shirking, cor- ru<;t.ion, and luxury increased to an aliening extent. Many an officer al- ways had a batman on the way who took food and other things to his fancily at rhome. Health resorts and watering -places swarmed with ma- jors, captains and lieutenants. Most of the rations meant for the front remained at the base. The longer the war lasted the more its hopelessness was realized. "Shirk arid get rich" was everybody's motto. Soldiers longed for prison, for prison meant safety. The prisons were not big and numerous enough to hold all the sentenced men. Men were tried manly for the gravest offences. Deser- tions increased. Those who had stoney or influence shirked or got jobs as munition workers. In more than one factory the real werktrs threat- ened to strike if the bakers, butchers, business men, and members of the upper classes and other "indisfnens- ables" were not sacked. Then there was the useless slaugh- ter of entire regiments, the Govern- ment's broken promises, and the ever-growing distress of the masses. 'rhe words "Equal food and equal pay and the war'd be forgotten" were scribbled upon every barrack wall. The way the German soldiers were treated by their officers would not alone have caused such desperation. But that the children at hone hunger- ed while the otlicers and the rich liv- ed in plenty, 'that the German profi- teers, agrarians and industrial mag- nates were responsible for the famine (far more than England)-these'were the things the t drove the 'patient, sorely-rtired Gorman masses to a fury thatwas bound to explode in a revolu- tion. Then v:1 11 the peace of Brest - [.to •ta reseal, ,, the Brest - Litovsk trueh c aracter of the war, why -u hundreds and thous- ands of Land.:urrners were held up in Courind and Livonia Just to guard ducal estates c. hen the last hope was destroyed on the western front, then we knew that all our dead had died in vain, then we knew that we our- selves would have to bring the war to a violent end. The hostility bcvtween Bavaria and Prussia became intense. Bavaria had stopped wending foodstuffs 'to Prussia long ago. Bavarian trans- port drivers even refused to take Prussian wounded. The Bavarians did not regard France but Prussia as the enemy. Entire Bavarian regi- ments mutinied as early as August and September, 1918. Troop trains arrived at the front half empty, for half the men deserted on the journey. Soldiers in barracks refused to obey orders. Every day we felt the final catastrophe come nearer and nearer. The thunderstorm drew up black and dense. The first lightning came from the navy, and on the 9th of Novem- ber in a single night the proud edifice of the strongest militarism and the greatest army the world had ever seen was burnt to ash and cinders. persuasion wiled, They look lo .orae! SHE was so proud of her first cake. It was so light so tempting! But her young bro- thers had an eye on it, too, and You've simply got to hide the cakes and bread when they're made from Cream of the West Flour. Maple Leaf Milling Co., Limited Toronto, Winnipeg Brandon, Halifax of everyday life. -everyday life with 1 II DON'T DO THIS rather a short span to it, and rather dangerous as well. The spirit 6f Prussia permeated the army, Prussia with its three -class voting system, and its first, second and third class sub- jects. The army, too, could be di • - vided into three classes -officers, a propertied class, and a class without property. The longer the war lasted the greater the class distinctions be- came. The common soldier did not exist .ao much to fight the enemy as to work and slave for the officer and obey his orders. The General Staff did all it could to restore the old Prus- sian spirit of discipline by intensive drill behind the front. The man who eased his collar without orders en a hot day was punished. If an officer saw a man fetching his dinner in the trenches with his greatcoat unbutton- ed the mean was punished. The N. C. 0.'s were forbidden to converse on familiar terns with the men. The soldiers of the propertied class got money from home and. could buy all they wanted in the canteens. They were able to influence their superiors Leonard Ear Oil Relieve Deafness, Stops Head Noises /� It is not put in the ears, but is Rubbed in Back of the Ears, and in- serted in the Nostrils. Has had a Successful sale since 1907. For Sale in Seaforth, Ont., Canada by F Umbach and Arthur Sales Company, Toronto, Ontario. Prodi of Success will be given by the above druggists. THIS SIGNATURE ON i YELLOW BOX AND ON BOTTLE. Manufacturer 70 Fifth Ave., New York City. ,.I '+^la '. 1 �...of. .. Cross vCut il �made 1 II Saws are only as good as they are tested out. THE ARROWHEAD is, made of Finest Steel, by Skill- - ed mechanics, and have beep well tried and are to last not ju,5tto sell, Arrowhead Cross CtSt Saws, 51:, ft. $7.15 Cross Cut Handles 50c per pair Mi11.Saw Files, 7 inch 30c each Lincoln Saw Seth $1.35 each ``y"' Meat Saws. ...75c to $1.25 epi ,, Butcher Knives ..70 c to 85c • We cannot recommend the AUTO SKATES too highly. They have been made to meet the ex- acting requirements of.Canadian hockey. Both the Falcons and American teams were equipped with AUTO SKATES for the Olympic games. Every pair warrantr(i against breakage, $2 to $7 Hockey Sticks 75c to $1.25 Skate Straps-.. ....- 25c per pair GEO. A. SILLS; THE McKILLOP MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE CO'Y. HEAD OFFICE-SEAFORTH, ONT. OFFICERS J. Connolly, Goderich, President Jas. Evans, Beechwood, Vice -President T. E. Hays, Seaforth, Secy.-Treas. AGENTS Alert Leitch, R. R. No. 1, Clinton; Ed. Finchley, Seaforth; John Murray, Bromfield, phone 6 on 137, Seaforth; J. W. Yeo, Goderich; R. G. Jar - moth, Brodhagen. DIRECTORS William Rinn, No. 2, Seaforth; John Bennewies, Brodhagen; James F.vans, Beechwood; M. McEwen, Clinton; Jas. Connolly, Goderich; D. F. McGregor, R. R. No. 3, Seaforth; J. G. Grieve, No. 4, Walton; Robert erris, Harlock; ,C.teor•ge McCartney, No. 3, Seaforth. G. T. R. TIME TABLE Trains Leave Seaforth as follows: 11 a. m. - For Clinton, Goderich, Wingham and Kincardine. 6.53 p. m. - For Clinton, Wingham, and Kincardine. 11.03 p. m. - For Clinton, Goderich, 6.51 a. in. -For Stratford, Guelph, Toronto, Orillia, North Bay and points west, Belleville and Peter- boro and points east. 6.12 p. m. -For Stratford, Toror.to, Montreal and points east. LONDON, HURON AND BRUCE. Going North a.m. p.m. C. P. R. TIME TABLE GUELPH & GODERICH BRANCH TO TORONTO • am. Goderich, leave 6.20 Blyth 6.58 Walton 7.12 Guelph 9.48 FROM TORONTO Toronto, leave ... 8.10 Guelph, arrive 9.80 Walton 12.03 Blyth 12.16 Auburn 12.28 Goderich 12.55 p.m. 1.30 2.07 2.20 4.63 5.10 6.30 9.04 9.18 9.30 9.55 Connections at Guelph Junction with Main Line for Galt, Woodstock, Lon- don, Detroit, and Chicago, and all in- termediate points. HOW YOU CAN TELL i • GENUINE ASPIRIN Only i are Aspirin -No others! Tablets with "Bayer Cross." London" 9.05 4.45' Centralia 10.04 5.501 Exeter 10.18 6.021 Hensall 10.33 6.14 1'ippen 10.38 6.21 Bsucefield 10.47 6.29 Clinton 11.03 6.45 i eiadesboro 11.34 7.03 Blyth 11.43 7.10 Beigrave 11.56 7.23 -Wingham 12.11 7.40 Gobte South am. p.m. Wingham 7.30 3.20 Eelgrave 7.44 3.36 Blyth 7.56 3.48 Londeaboro 8.04 8.56 Clinton 8.23 4.15 Brucefield 8.40 4.32 Kippen 8.46 4.40 Henan 8.58 4.50 aeter 9.13 5.05 Centralia 9.27 5.15 London 10.40 6.15 pAVECQ Q IThere is only one Aspirin, that. marked 'with the "Bayer Cross" --all other tab- lets are only acid imitations. Cemmne "Bayer Tablets of Aspirin" hare been prescribed by physicians for nineteen years and proved sat mil- .lious for l'ain, Headache, Mtiralgia, 'Colds. Rheumatism, Lumbago. Neuritis. Handy tin boxes of 12 tablets -also 'larger "]layer" packages, can be had at -any drug store. Made in Canada. Aspirin in the trade mark (registered an Canada), of Bayer Manufacture. of Monoaret icaoidtster of Salirvlicaicid. I While it is well known that Aspirin 'mean- Bayer manufacture, to assist the public against imitations, the Tabreta of Bayer Company, Ltd., will be stamped {with their general trade mark, the "Bayer Cross." WE ARE .4: EXCLUSIVE muffs FOIA WE INVITE HOUSEHOLDERS GENERALLY TO CALL AND SEE SAMPLES OF THESE FINISHES. EVERY PRODUCT GUARANTEED FOR QUALITY AND SERVICE. H. EDGE, SEAFORTH, ONT. RENEWS and brines out the ,Isattf,il. Otf(N Ilud ' Cue Easily. t$ Weterp.00t - von Mail 40, WlFdge, Seaforth, ''''")11' 'eta CASTOR I A IICC Muds and Cl dldren. its EW Yes Ban Always Beog6t mon tilt elaNgtHe Of • THE REASON WHY Why. is Bread So IndPortan' history of btead es a food reads like a•romance.. I,t hva played an i)atlort- • ant part in the Ism.intea of tnan'kind an t r ,, st,t:ga'les. ,:aa..'ugh ab. -ages tb perfection. The progress of nations through their different periods of development can be traced by the quality and quantity of bread they have used. No other'• food has taken such an imp,aortant part in the civilization of mall To a large extent it has been the means of changing his habits froan'thoae of a savage to those of a civilized being. L has supplied the peaceful pursuits of agriculture and turned hint from war and the chase. It is an interesting fact that the civilized and the semi-civi�ized peo- ' ple bf the earth can be divided into two classes, based upon their princi- pal cereal foods -the rice eaters and the .bread eaters. Everyone admits that rice eaters ole 'less progressive while bread eaters have always been the leaders of civilization. It is an interesting fact that just as Japan is changing from a rice - eating nation to a bread -eating na- tion she is asserting her power. Anyone who stops to consider the history of nations will see that this matter of what we eat is the one question of vital importance. Bread in one of the earliest,. the most generally used and one of 'the most important foods used by man. Without bread the world would not exist without great hardship. On bread alone a nation of people can exist, and to sit down to a meal with- out it causes us to feel at once that senething is missing. what was the Origin and Meaning of Bread? -Bread is baked from many substances. although when we think of bread we usually think of wheat bread. It is sometimes made from roots, fruit and the bark of trees, but generally only from grains such as wheat. rye, corn, etc. The word read conies from an old word briny, ineaning to pound. This came from the method used in preparing the food. Foo, 1 whiche wus pounded was sari to be brayed and latter this spell- ing was changed to bread. Proper- ly soc•aking, however, these brayed or ground materials are not really hrea,i in our sense of using the term until they are moistened with water, when it becomes dough. The word dough is an old one, meaning to moisten. Thi, baked in hot ashes, and a hard, indigestible lump of bread was the result. Accidentally it was discover- ed that if the «lough was left for a lime before baking, allowing it t,, ferment, it would, when mixed with more dough. swell up and become porous. 'Thus we got our word loaf tat. an 1,1.1 word lifian, which meant to r:iise up or to lift up. When v.as Wheat First used in Making Bread] ---11 is not clearly known when or by whom wheat was (liseevered, but it seems to have been known from the earliest times. It is mentioned in the Bible, can be traced to ancient Egypt, and there are records showing that the Chinese cultivated wheat as early as 2700 B. C. To -day it supplies the princi- pal article for masking bread to all the civilized nations of the world. Will Wheat Grow Wild? -This is a question that has puzzled the world's scientists for more than 2- 000 years. From time to time it has been reported by investigators in vari- ous parts of the world that here and there wheat has been found growing wild and doing well, but every time a further investigation is made it develops that the wheat has been cditivated by sonic one else. There is as yet. no evidence for believing that wheat will grow in a wild state. NEWEST NOTES OF SCIENCE Australians are making a pure white mineral wool front basalt rock. The runners of a new sled that can be used on soft snow are min- iature skis. An English inventor's padlock is formed -like a fish, the jaws doing the locking. A new electric light flasher, tubu- lar in forme, screws directly into n hump socket. 'e German scientist has succeeded in using a farm of rust proof steel in dentistry-. An Ohioan is the inventor of an electrically operated machine to cut threads on pipes. To photograph broken bones French surgeons have invented a stereoscopic X-ray camera. CAN HAVE HiS OWN ARMY ANI) ALSO HANG HIGH In all the vast empire ruled over by King George V., there is only one private individual privileged to main- tain an army of his very own. That individual is the Duke of Atholl, the Scottish chieftain who is head of the great Murray clan, master of historic Blair Castle and, incidentally, the possessor of a greater number of titles than any other member of the peerage. The Duke of Atholl's private army is not a very big one. It is net suffi- ciently formidable to enable the duke, did he happen to come to logger- heads with his sovereign lord the king, as his fiery Highland ancestors made quite a habit of doing, to put up much of a scrap, for it comprises only about. 250 men. The duke's army, however, is im- portant enough to have caused serious concern to that flaming patriot, Ho- ratio Bottomley, M.P., (who consist- ently attacks the United States and everything American in the pages of his precious weekly, John Bull) and in the House of Commons he ques- tioned the government concerning it. Bottomley desired to know whether the Duke of Atholl had a private army of his own, whether it was paid for out of public funds and was under the .control of the war Milne, for what purpose it existed and how many it comprised. Replying on behalf of the govern- ment Sir Archibald Williamston stat- ed that there is a body of men in Scot- ' land known as the Atholl Highlanders, 1 consisting of about 250 tenants of the Duke of Atholl and other ei ,loyees who are:. used for 'ceremonial own. atone. !I In. the Highlands," he added, "this ptody s looked upon as a pie turesque. setter -of bygdne days. No public funds are spent on the force, war and itodicis e:no"t under the control of the ` Mr. Bottomley asked if any of the. members of this force served in .the war. Sir,Archibald Williamson replied that a large number of them did. Dr. D. Murray, a member from north of the Tweed, explained that a Scottish chief had a certain dignity to maintain, especially the chief of the leading clan, the clan Murray (at this the house laughed uproariously), and declared that it was necessary for the duke to have an arrny of his own. Mr. Bettomley's curiosity be- ing thus satiated, the assembly pass- ed on to other business. Call them an army, a bodyguard o'• what you please, the Atholl High- landers are an uncommonly interest- ing and picturesque force, in possess- ing which his grace of Atholl is unique among the great nobles of Europe. 1t has been the privilege )bf the hold- er of this title for centuries to keep his own private army and in the earlier days the sturdy Celts com- posing it were armed with axes and claymores. Every year the duke's army meets at Blair castle, his an- cient and stately seat, on the occasion of the Atholl gathering. Preceded by pipers and with the duke as colonel in chief at their head, the men march to the grounds, where the games are held. Every retainer of the duke is a member of the army provided he comes up to the physical standard, which is high. Most of the men are over six feet in height. In their bonnets they wear the juniper sprigs id the Murray,. Their tunics are gray and they wear kilts of the duke'., tartan. The Atholl highlanders are the only military force in Great Britain, ,.utside the regular army, thut pos- 0' saes regimental colors. The right to Burry these was granted. to the duke's army .by Queen Victoria in 1842, and at the conclusion of the first of many visits which site paid L, w a L 'l'. a l Sipleased c st e. tio wass the c sov,a•t•I gn with her reception that she asked her host, father id the present duke, what she could do for hint in return, and was promptly petitioned the colors. It is said the queen was- -very chary and somewhat un- willingly granted the favor. The right to maintain an army of their own is only one of several an- re-lral prerogatives enjoyed by the li las of Atholl. Another of them is the right of being hanged on a gal- lows thirty feet higher than • ny ,situ 1;y offender. A portion of Blair castle slates hack to the thirteenth cert: or' and is held by the dukes of At., 1, I1•On1 the crown by a strong^ (crate, the d,,ke being under the obligations of pr.•senting a wjplt., rose to the sovereign whenever he or she v ,sits the castle, under the penalty' of forfeiture should this act of hom- age not be performed. Because of this, white roses have from time im- memorial been kept in bloom at Blair rustle all the years, so as to be in lowliness for any sudden and un- announced visit of the sovereign. An- other tradition always maintained at Blair ordains that when the heir to the dukedom brings home his bride, she must not be allowed to walk into the house like any ordinary mortal, but should 6e'borne in the arms of old and faithful retainers' over the threshold of the castle. it is not unfitting, in a way, that the head of this ancient i c:ottish house should possess a private army, for by the tenantry of his vast estates he is looked upon ea a sort of king in his own right. Those estates cover over 200,000 acres in Perthshire, of which about seven -eighths are deer forests, woodlands or grouse moors. Blair castle itself, with its white tower and erowstepped gables, stands at the en- trance. of the great forest of Glen Tilt, about three miles from the fam- r:us pass of Killicrankie. No other British nobleman can hold a candle to the Duke of Atholl when it comes to comparing the number of their respective titles. The duke's run to nineteen in all and include, besides.the dukedom, two marquisates, five earldoms, three viscounties and eight baronies. Besides these the duke is the eldest coheir to the barony of Latimer and one of the co-heirs to four baronies. The total of his possible titles is thus twenty- four. The dukes of Atholl have ever been fighters, and the present bearer of the title trust be numbered among the doughtiest of theta. Three wars have found him at the service of his coun- try, and .in each of them he dis- tinguished himself. The eighth duke of`his line, he celebrated his 49th birthday only recently, having been born on December 15, 1871. He was educated at Eton, and is known among his friends by his Eton name of Barcy. His first experience of actual fighting was gained in the Nile ex- pedition of 1898, during which he served as a staff officer in the Egyp- tian cavalry. In the course of this campaign, he was twice mentioned in dispatches, and was awarded the D. S. 0., for carrying water to wounded dervishes under hot fire. To one dervish, who had been shot three times through the leg, he acted as surgeon by extracting the bullet's with an ordinary buttonhook. For the South African war he rais- ed a force of his own, recruited prin- cipally in Scotland and called the South African Horse, and commanded it throughout the campaign. At the outbreak of the European war he commanded a Scottish cavalry regi- ment, and later took part with dis- tinction in the ill-fated Gallipoli ex- pedition. A typical Highland chief, big of frame and ruddy with health, the duke is happiest when he can stroll 1 at ease on the wonderful Atholl estate, with his gun or his rod, a I favorite dog at his heels, a pipe be- , ' tween his teeth and a jovial word or 1 smile for some Billie, keeper or cot- tager. His duchess, the daughter of Sir .games Ramseq, tenth baronet of Banff, is exceedingly handsome and exceptionally gifted. She is a really distinguished musician, an associate I of the Royal Academy of Music and a pianist of almost professional skill. The upkeep of their vast estates' V'ttge 44, t.. t, .4;kJif% P 4 Lt ri ;i't1 .r :+try e t"soi1A"k has always ben- the, chief concern of the dukes of ,Atholl and thity„ have one aud'alt been -great -tree planters. The fourth 'duke claimed to /have planted 27,500,,000 trees, and the seventh, duke, father, of the present Mie, about 3.00000.' The story goes that the late drake also devised a moat original method of seed sowing. On one portion of the property are some inaccessible rocks, which had been guiltless of a green leaf for centuries. Some ancient Gannon happened to lie near at hand, and, by the duke's or- der these were charged with tin canisters filled ^ with seeds of hardy plants and shrubs and fired straight into the cracks in the rocks. A little soil had collected there and the seed thus origindlly sown are said to have taken root and sprung up as lavishly as those in the parable that fell on good ground. THE WAR- AS SEEN FROM THE GERMAN RANKS If you had seen the German armies niarchlrlt to the front in August, 1914 you wodld never have dreamt that they would return with red • armlets and without princes, dukes, and rul- ers. Thanks to the skilful and dis- honest propaganda of the General Staff, thanks to the censorship, thanks to the semi-official telegraph agencies the entire German people were kept in the firm belief that Germany had been attacked and that the war was the last link in the chain with which England had been encircling. Ger- many so as to destroy her. This be- lief lasted many months after the war began. That is why the,Gernran army starched emthusiasticslly into the "inevitable war." 'ritat is why one and a half rocllion youthful vol- unteers filled the barracks, the schools and all the public buildings requisi- tioned for war service by the military authorities. None of those will, marched gladly to war had ever seen a war. Few had ever seen a dead body; still less had they seen men lying dead on the bare ground with torn limbs and laceratedb ! oe . Belgium was overrun. The wound- ed home nil sir!t leave wore stared at as though they were strange sea monsters. The (tattle of the Marne was celebrated as 0 ghat victory. But when Paris simply refused to fall. and when the trench war in the west cried "Halt!" and when a war Christmas was at hand -Ashen, and not till then, did soldier and civilian be- gin to doubt. The delirious enthus- iast began to abate. Soldier and civilian hegan to criticise, the officers and the General Staff to feel nervous. l passed through Belgium to North- ern France with my roupauy on the 8th Octhher, 1914. WP did not sing - German soldiers going to war had 'Lorded singing voluntarily as early as October, 191.1. We detrained at Nesle, near St. Quentin. This was the first welcome we goat from the lidjutant when we paraded- with our regiment the following day: he kicked five or six men and clouted two or three, because he had heard them talking in the ranks. Of course, we were ashamed that such things were possible, but we excused then[ by at- tribnting them to the excitement, the hardships, and the nervousness which both officers and men had to undergo in the front line. But if any one of us still had any war enthusiasm it froze all of a sudden and remained below zero from that hour onwards. There was the great confusion in the villages'behind the front. One night at Roye we discovered four in- fantrymen behind doors bolted from the inside. They had been in hiding for a week. The men of my company were unruly and deeply depressed. One of them deliberately shot his finger off as he was cleaning his rifle. On parade the sergeant major tried to "improve the moral" of the troops. We were inexperienced greenhorns, and that is why we listened to his worts. He said that the present deadlock meant nothing, for tremend- ous things were in preparation, things such as the world had never seen before. The old soldiers of the unit laughed when the parade was over and called the sergeant major a swindler. A few Clays later we heard of the first Zeppelin raid on London. We were in the trenches soon af- ter. At night time the new arrivals were sent out on patrol. When we observed that the "old soldiers" dodg- ed the worst dangers we followed their example. Bread and soup were brought from the field kitchens every evening, but we lived chiefly on the turnips that grew in the fields. We suffered acutely from hunger an8 we all had stomach ,trouble. Terrible things went on in the field hospitals. Whoever was reported sick was abas- ed in the vilest manner by the ser- geant major and then chucked out as a shirker by the medical officer, whereupon more abuse from the ser- geant major would follow. The priv- ate soldiers had only one tgpic of conversation day and night: "Shall we have peace by Christmas?" Christmas brought no peace but many Iron Crosses that were distributed so unjustly as to provoke nothing but resentment. We soon began to realize that the enemy were stronger than we had thought. The war became a matter Incorporated 1865 The Molsons Ban14, Capital and Reserve $9,000,000 Over 130 Branches ENCOURAGE THRII''r IN YQUR CHILDREN The opening of a Savings Account for a child. in THE MOLSONS BANK encourages bun to save, his a step towards that traditional first thousand dollars. Savings Departments at all Ilranchea. IBRANCHES IN THIS DISTRICT Brucelleld St. Marys Kirkton Exeter Clinton Hensall Zurich with money and presents. The com- pany sergeant majo'rs in the barracks at home had always been corruptible; now they became corruptible at the front's well. Leave coutd be bought, so could light duty, soft jobs at the bases, promotions, and Iron Crosses. The class without property -that is to say, the proletarians - slaved, starved, froze, and died. Their ntbthera, gives and children wrote of similar woes in their letters front home. Every Alaaee-Lorrainer or Pole was suspected of espionage. Ill- treatment of soldiers was so common that the Social Democrats even asked questions about it in the Reichstag. We had the right W complain, but no one ever dared make use of this right. Wherever the third-class soldier found himself he was nigger -driven, lucked and bullied. As fur the governing class --the officers --every lieutenant had his batman. A company commander had two or three. The soldiers had only a little black bread 10 appease their incessant hunger, but thi' officers had white bread and special meals every day. while the common soldier faintedor f sheer hunger in the trenches, the officers had roast meat brought to their dug -outs, where the wine flowed plentifully. - They had casinos furnished in the most elabor- ate fashion. They had their cows ant their pigs, and with the profits front the soldiers' canteens they paid for their banquets and for the women they kept at the bases. Of course there were distinctions amongst the officers also. The higher their rank, the further their base, the worse they became. The most amazing condi- tions began to prevail. Shirking, cor- ru<;t.ion, and luxury increased to an aliening extent. Many an officer al- ways had a batman on the way who took food and other things to his fancily at rhome. Health resorts and watering -places swarmed with ma- jors, captains and lieutenants. Most of the rations meant for the front remained at the base. The longer the war lasted the more its hopelessness was realized. "Shirk arid get rich" was everybody's motto. Soldiers longed for prison, for prison meant safety. The prisons were not big and numerous enough to hold all the sentenced men. Men were tried manly for the gravest offences. Deser- tions increased. Those who had stoney or influence shirked or got jobs as munition workers. In more than one factory the real werktrs threat- ened to strike if the bakers, butchers, business men, and members of the upper classes and other "indisfnens- ables" were not sacked. Then there was the useless slaugh- ter of entire regiments, the Govern- ment's broken promises, and the ever-growing distress of the masses. 'rhe words "Equal food and equal pay and the war'd be forgotten" were scribbled upon every barrack wall. The way the German soldiers were treated by their officers would not alone have caused such desperation. But that the children at hone hunger- ed while the otlicers and the rich liv- ed in plenty, 'that the German profi- teers, agrarians and industrial mag- nates were responsible for the famine (far more than England)-these'were the things the t drove the 'patient, sorely-rtired Gorman masses to a fury thatwas bound to explode in a revolu- tion. Then v:1 11 the peace of Brest - [.to •ta reseal, ,, the Brest - Litovsk trueh c aracter of the war, why -u hundreds and thous- ands of Land.:urrners were held up in Courind and Livonia Just to guard ducal estates c. hen the last hope was destroyed on the western front, then we knew that all our dead had died in vain, then we knew that we our- selves would have to bring the war to a violent end. The hostility bcvtween Bavaria and Prussia became intense. Bavaria had stopped wending foodstuffs 'to Prussia long ago. Bavarian trans- port drivers even refused to take Prussian wounded. The Bavarians did not regard France but Prussia as the enemy. Entire Bavarian regi- ments mutinied as early as August and September, 1918. Troop trains arrived at the front half empty, for half the men deserted on the journey. Soldiers in barracks refused to obey orders. Every day we felt the final catastrophe come nearer and nearer. The thunderstorm drew up black and dense. The first lightning came from the navy, and on the 9th of Novem- ber in a single night the proud edifice of the strongest militarism and the greatest army the world had ever seen was burnt to ash and cinders. persuasion wiled, They look lo .orae! SHE was so proud of her first cake. It was so light so tempting! But her young bro- thers had an eye on it, too, and You've simply got to hide the cakes and bread when they're made from Cream of the West Flour. Maple Leaf Milling Co., Limited Toronto, Winnipeg Brandon, Halifax of everyday life. -everyday life with 1 II DON'T DO THIS rather a short span to it, and rather dangerous as well. The spirit 6f Prussia permeated the army, Prussia with its three -class voting system, and its first, second and third class sub- jects. The army, too, could be di • - vided into three classes -officers, a propertied class, and a class without property. The longer the war lasted the greater the class distinctions be- came. The common soldier did not exist .ao much to fight the enemy as to work and slave for the officer and obey his orders. The General Staff did all it could to restore the old Prus- sian spirit of discipline by intensive drill behind the front. The man who eased his collar without orders en a hot day was punished. If an officer saw a man fetching his dinner in the trenches with his greatcoat unbutton- ed the mean was punished. The N. C. 0.'s were forbidden to converse on familiar terns with the men. The soldiers of the propertied class got money from home and. could buy all they wanted in the canteens. They were able to influence their superiors Leonard Ear Oil Relieve Deafness, Stops Head Noises /� It is not put in the ears, but is Rubbed in Back of the Ears, and in- serted in the Nostrils. Has had a Successful sale since 1907. For Sale in Seaforth, Ont., Canada by F Umbach and Arthur Sales Company, Toronto, Ontario. Prodi of Success will be given by the above druggists. THIS SIGNATURE ON i YELLOW BOX AND ON BOTTLE. Manufacturer 70 Fifth Ave., New York City. ,.I