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The Gazette, 1893-08-31, Page 7AGRICULTURAL. "Fermin' Does Pay. It really does one good to visit and have ebtalk with a successful .farmer. I visited one' recently. He got his start working by the month. Being an extra good hand, he received from a fourth to a half more than ordinary help. He now has one hundred acres of land, with first-class improvements. 1 enjoyed walking through his forty acres of wheat and comparing the effects of fertil- izers, both home-made and commercial. This wheat promises a yield of 25 or 30 bushels per acre. The seed used was re- cleaned, and the ground put in the best possible shape and sown early (the first few days of September). He thinks one bushel of seed per acre is -about right, and the way this crop stands on the ground it seems to be all that is required to produce a maximum Field. Another interesting part of this wheat field was a spot where a barn had formerly stood. Where the floor and bay had been the wheat was very vigorous, and a dark green color. W here the stable floor had been, and also where the manure from the stable had been thrown in heaps, there was not a spear of wheat growing, not even a weed. There had been a feed lot connected with this barn; in this the droppings, straw and stalks, were allowed to accumulate during the winter and spring months. After the feeding season was over the manure would be thrown up in long heaps where it remained until fall, when it was hauled on the wheat ground. On this spot dere were a few weeds making a sickly ef- fort toward getting a start, but no wheat. Around this lot where the fence had stood the wheat was all right, and several inches higher than the wheat next to it. Can any one give a reason for this varia- tion? Did the stock tramp the life out of the soil in this lot ? If this is the reason why does nut the wheat grow where the stable floor was ? If it is because there is an excessive amount of fertility in the soil, why is it that there is a very luxuriant growth of wheat in the fence row, where, necessarily a large amount of manure would collect ? The real secret (if there is any) of this man's'success,is staying at home and attend- ing strictly to business. When the time comes to plow, sow or reap, he is ready ; does noo have to "briggle" around a day or two getting tools repaired and hunting help. W hile this farmer has done an immense am;unt of hard labor on the farm it is not all work and no play with him. He works first ; does not stop his work in a busy time to attend a public sale or spend all afternoon loafing around the town. He takes time to use his lawn mower at the proper time, and to keep things neat and tidy about the barn and farm. No brier patches or weedy fence corners are to be seen, neither can you see any farm implements standing where they were used last. They are invariably found under shelter when not in actual use. There is no man of my acquaintance who enjoys being at a neighborhood gathering, picnic, fair, or taking a trip through the west, any better than this one, and he in- dulges in these pleasures quite often, but does not neglect his business to do so. I don't suppose this friend will thank me for writing this article. It was not written to praise or benefit him particularly, but for the benefit of a class of farmers who think there is nothing in farming, and have become discouraged, and are not trying to do anything. Even those that have inherit- ed homes are letting them slip right out of their hands. If this- friend I visited can make a farm pay for itself, thousands of others can do the same if they will only try. He had no better chance than others, but made the moat out of what he did have. —{E. A. Trout, in Ohio Farmer. any disease an intim knowledge of its causes is. essential. Ni eteen out of every twenty cases of colic may properly be charged to some irregularity in food and water. Sudden changes ot temperature, unduly severe exertion, - worms, etc., and feeding on grass when not accustomed to it, are frequent causes of colic. An animal from which hard or fast work is expected should never be allowed to eat green grass, at least very little of it. Spasmodic Colic is a contraction or crannp of a portion of the intestinal walls, due to some irritant. Indiscretions in watering or. sudden changes in temperature may also cause the trouble. The first symptom is the mar, if:station of pain. It passes off and the animal appears well again, but after an interval the pain returns with increased severity. As the attack advances the in. tervals are shorter. The pulse seems very high during the pain but is normal at its cessation. This disease may be distinguish. ed from flatulent colic by the absence of large quantities of gas in the intestines. The be animal is not bloated. It is most likely to confounded with inflammation of the bowels but in the later the pain is less severe, es- pecially in the earlier stages, and is con- stant. The pulse beats slowly, increasing in frequency while in spasmodic colic, as has been -stated, the pulse remains nearly normal, except during the spasms. Then, too, in inflammation of the bowels, the attack is less sudden and the animal less violent in his manifestations of pain. Any of the following prescriptions will he found of service in spasmodic colic : Chloral hy- drate, 1 oz ; sulphate of atropia, gr ; water, .1 pint. :Or : Sulphuric ether 2 oz ; laudanum, 11e oz ; raw linseed oil, S oz ; Or : Laudanum, 2 oz ; oil of turpen- time, la oz ; raw linseed oil, 8 oz. Mix and give any one of these at one dose and re- peat in an hour if relief has not been ob- tained, If celic has been produced by por- tions of indigested food or an irritant of any kind, give a purgative—one ounce of Socotrine aloes dissolved in warm, not boiling, water ; or one to three pints of raw linseed oil. Injections into the rectum are beneficial if properly used. Flatulent colic is recognized by the dis- tention of the intestines resulting from indigestion. It sometimes follows spasmodic colic but often occurs without. . The causes are similar to those named for colic in gen- eral but feeding grain immediately before or after severe exertion, and large quanti- ties of green food, are liable to cause the trouble. It is less -sudden in its develop- ment. The pain is continuous and the pulse gradually increases in frequency. The belly becomes enlarged with gas in the intestines, and gives a drum like sound when struck with the hand. The treatment is entirely different. Opium in any form must be avoided. The objects sought are the relief of pain, checking the formation of gas and its removal from the in- testines. For the - first two purposes use the following : Chloral hydrate, 1 oz ; hyposulphite ofsoda, 2 oz ; atropia sulphate, 1 gr ; water, 8 oz. Give - in 1 dose. If relief is not obtained from this dose and the pain is still severe, it may be repeated in half to one hour. If bloating only contin- ues, the hyposulphite of soda alone may be given. For the removal of gas which collects in the intestines several methods are practiced. Injections into the rectum are valuable and may be repeated every half hour until two or three have been given. An in jection of fcur or five ounces of pure glycerine is also of benefit in some cases. But there is no method so effectual and satisfactory as puncturing the intestines with a small ins trament known as the trocar and ranula which is made specially for this purpose. The average stock raiser can use it with comparative safety. to blow them -off -and they will protectrthe rick. Hints and Suggestions. Do not neglect to weed turnips. If they have been planted in drill rows the weed- ing can be accomplished with a cultivator. Farm labor seems to be growing general ly more scarce, and wages higher. This will give the working farmer an opportunity to pay himself better. Good land and good stock are pretty nearly thrown away on a man who has not a natural liking for agriculture. See that your boy has some aptitude inthatdirection before you insist upon tying him down to the farm. The farmer who is - a good manager will not be idle all winter because there is noth- ing to do. The system of work should be such that there is something to do. This winter idleness often destroys the profits of the summer's industry. Every step iii -advance, in agriculture, is the result of experience. Ait agricultural paper makes the experience of one farmer known to all others, and so is a mutual helper. If you do not want to keep up with your brother farmers, then don't take an agricul- tural journal. - - Sheds, tanks, vaults and compost heaps—. or any one of them, will enable us. to con- serve the full value of the manure. Yet most farmers prefer to waste it in an open barnyard. Every product sold from the farm carries away some amount of fertility. If no sys- tematic effort is made to restore . this, you are simply selling the farm by bits instead of doing it at a lump. The time at which manure is applied to the land is of much less importance than that the land gets it all. Delay in applying it usually means waste. It a good advantage to keep ahead of your work, especially when harvesting late fall crops. To be caught by a storm at this season usually means some loss. Farmers whose tables are well supplied with fruit and vegetables have few doctor's bills to pay. This consideration alone should induce you to have a garden and orchard, if nothing else will do. _ - Unless the corn erib is rat proof, it will hardly pay to hold your grain for higher prices. When you figure on holding corn and wheat for a better market, take both shrink- age and insurance into consideration. Jumping from one crop to another in at- tempting to follow the market and grow the one that pays best, usually results in keeping you just a year behind. The best time to start in the cultivation of a new crop is when the price for it is low. Then you won't be disappointed in the market, and will have a good chance of getting in for a rise. Ma ke changes in your system of farming with due deliberation. Don't get excited if there is a boom in some particular line Those who come in after the boom is start- ed usually sut'er. TRADE AND COMMERCE. Items of interest to Business People. The value of silver bullion is steadily sink - ng, an&1 is quoted in New York at 7012. A decline in sugar at this time of the year is most unexpected, and refiners did their utmost to maintain the figure, but the lower prices on raws forced them to lower their quotations. This is no doubt partly due to manipulation. Canada's trade with Britain has not been quite satisfactory the last half year. Can- adian exports amounted to only £1,708,199, a shortage of £385,245, or 29.50 per cent. for the six months. On the other hand, the imports from Britain to Canada increased from £2,163,191 last year to £2,404,603, equal to 11.16 per cent., this mostly in manufactured goods. Canada exports to the United States pro- ducts valued at from $35,000,000 to $40,000,- 000 in the face of the McKinley tariff. This is taken as conclusive evidence of the su- periority of many of our productions. The disappointment of cattle shippers con- tinues unabated. Each succeeding week shows diminished returns. - For the weeks ending July 15, the exports were 2,299 as compared with 4,5$4 the week previous, and 5,769 for the corresponding week of last year. It is reported that there is practically no space now under contract, and that all the contract cattle have been shipped. Dairy Notes. Do not hurry the cows to and from the pasture. Few substances will incorporate foreign and deleterious odora more readily than butter. Do not wean calves too early. Milk is a very digestible food and should be grad- ually replaced by grain when the calves are weaned. - Give the milk pails, cans and other dairy utensils frequent sun and air baths after carefully washing and scalding. The temperature ot dairy rooms can be lowered by sprinkling the floor and walls with water. The evaporation of the water takes up heat, leaving the room cooler. It it is necessary to mix two portions of cream which are ripening, mix them thor- oughly by an occasional stirring. If this is not done it will likely be lumpy. Breed has less to do with the quality of butter than the dairy equipment and the buttermaker. A skilled man can make first-class butter from any breed. Have a separate room foe dairy work on the farm. A cellar which contains fruit, vegetables, etc, is a poor place to keep milk, butter or cheese. All dairy products take up foreign odors readily. Parties who put up ice last Winter are having no trouble in controlling the tem- perature of their milk, cream and butter now. It saves much time and one is usu- ally able to produce a more uniform pro- duct. Make a first-class and uniform - product if you wish to work up a trade or hold present customers. A neat package with your name or some brand stenciled on it will enable your. customers to find, it. It becomes your trade mark. It is said that a dairyman who was milk ing a large herd of average cows tookive of the best and five of the poorest and keeping an accurate account of the Corn Fodder For Sheen. Beginnine on a river teem not adapted to the cultivation of oats, and with a large range of rough back land, more suitable for sheep than for cattle, I found myself con- fronted with the problem, how to make the sheep consume the fodder. To my surprise the first Winter's experience satisfied me, not only that sheep wilt consume fodderist to better advantage than other stock, but it is better for them than clear Timothy hay ; and to -day. If I had cattle and sheep to feed and had only fodder and Timothy, I would give the fodder to the sheep and the Timothy to the cattle, though. of course, an occasional alternation would be advisable for both. Clear Timothy is sometimes too constipating for sheep, also - for cattle ; but the Iatter can with- stand its effects with leas injury than the former, especially where there are pregnant ewes. I regard clear Timothy as the poor- est sheep feed in the whole category, straw excepted, of course—and the benefits of a fodder ration are so marked as a cool- ing and laxative feed, that it is well worth hid tolet the flock go a little hungry for a few days untilthey earn ore NAPLES DESERTED-. THE FARMHOUSE. A Plea roe the Beautifying and Adera• meat or the country Home. All of us says the Prairie Farmer are in- terested in the best methods of farming. We work and plan to save money. A chance to make a dollar attracts our atten- tion in a moment. Bat in this August heat, when city folk are bewailing their cramped, stuffy and heated condition of existence, can we not take the time to see whether oar homes are as pleasant as they should be. City people want to get into the country in hot weather, where existence may be made not only bearable but even pleasant. Have we who spend our lines in the country done what we could to make our homes pleasant ? I think that there are a few. essentials, all within the reach of the poor as well as the rich. How cheap a thing shade is: Trees may be had for the asking in most sections of our country, and yet what poverty of shade trees is to be found around a large per cent. of our homes. Nothing is finer than noble trees for the adornment of a lawn. Coveted by the wealthy, and an essential to comfort, they are neglected by the very ones who can have them at the least cost. A half dozen large trees with a dozen small- er ones in clumps, all these on half an acre or less of land can make the humblest home attractive to the passer-by, and what is far more important, can make the existence of those beneath them in the heated term just' as pleasant as it would be at our noted re- sorts—far more so to those who seek only comfort. Nothing can equal native forest trees for the lawn. No need of wasting -money on rare and costly varieties. Nearly all of our rapid growing varieties will answer the purpose of the home -maker well. Some more beautiful varieties of a slower growth should be given room, but abundance of shade is the first point to be gained, and trees that grow fastest are the ones wanted. Plant thickly and thin out. Arrange them so that the sun will strike the house and ground near the house at some hour of the day to drive out all dampness, but let there be shade most of the time. Especially pro- tect the south side of the house and yard at mid-day and in the afternoon. The humblest cottage may have its well - kept lawn. This is not a difficult thing to secure. There is no excuse for piles of rubbish in the house yard. - Neatness and cleanliness are next to godliness. All un- sightly objects should be kept where they are needed, and not stored away on the lawn any more than they would be in the cultivated field. A few neat walks of gravel, crushed rock or other material, cost little. Some grading may be a necessity, but a few dollars will usually put a house yard in good shape for seeding to grass. Then a few hours spent every week or two with a lawn mower will keep it a model of neatness and h thing of beauty. Costs money ? Not much. What if one does spend a few dollars a year in making home attractive 1 No money can be spent more wisely. Added value is given to the farm, and added comtort is given to life. When there is a time for their care, flowers are a pleasure. They give an air of refinement to the home. A few beds of hardy varieties can furnish -a profusion of flowers, and there are few that do not en- joy their presence. Some people regard them as an essential to a home. This may depend upon tastes. The shade of the neat lawn may be insisted upon, and then flowers are worth far more than they cost. The easy chair, the hammock and the The utilization of energy for electrical purposes from windmills has been proven possible, if not commercially feasible. The data on this matter is interesting, and in- dicative of much yet to be attempted. Ex- periments made in Great Britain show that a machine constructed for this purpose de- veloped results that were perfectly satisfac- tory, the power obtained being sufficient for the electric lighting of a flourmill with twenty-seven 16 -candle-power lamps and three arc lights. Experiments made by Engineer Raou in the north lighthouse at Havre, France by a 40 -foot Halliday mill were found- to give a power of 17.8 measured on the wind shaft, with a wind velocity of twenty-three feet per second. Since the coal miners of Great Britain have refused to accept a reduction in wages of 25 per cent., reports say that in England they are on the threshold of a colossal trade battle which will involve a strike of nearly 500,000 men, and enforce idleness on prob- ably as many more. This, if consummated, will be immeasurably the biggest of the fifteen great colliery strikes of the past twenty-five years. The miners maintain that the own- ers are to blame far the low prices and over- production, since they have no foreign com- petition to meet, and that it is unfair to make the workmen bear the brunt of the owners' mismanagement. The price of coal is still falling, and iron works forge coal is. now down to from 7s. to 8s., and mill coal to 8 to 9 shillings. The number of failures reported to R. G. Dun & Co. last week in the Dominion of Canada was 34, as compared with 26 the week before. They are all more or less unim- portant, though two out of Ontario, which of the provinces had the largest number, viz., 21, were rated above $3,000, one was rated above $500, one more had the lowest credit rating with lowest capital rating, and the remaining 17 had neither capital nor credit rating. There were only 7 failures in the Province of Quebec, and they were comparatively unimportant, though two were rated above $3,000. Four of the seven had no rating, and only one more was above c$500. Trade in wholesale circles has been quiet all the week. Country dealers are buying very cautiously, and will likely continue to do so until the crop prospects are even more assured. Reports from most points are Afflicted By Cholera She is Shunned by Alt Travellers. A New York special says :—A special cable to the New York ` World,' dated Naples, Aug. 6, and mailed to Paris tells a serious tale of the ravages of cholera in that unfortunate city and goes to show that both the city and Government officials have taken every means to suppress the truth. The despatch says the deaths from cholera there have averaged 30 daily for more than a week past. IC's impossible to learn the b k because they hide themselves. number sic The number of patients in the hospital is very favorable. in view of the reported not published either. The authorities do shortage of forage in Europe it is worthy ot not admit the existence of cholera. The special note that the crops are good in al - United Kingdom of Italy, from the Gov- most all sections. There has been a general eminent at Rome to the small officials at improvement in crop conditions during the Naples, are engaged in a conspiracy to con- week. In some parts of the west the rains to late to ensure a heavy growth. real the truth. It is Daly become known throng are Italian physician who associates with Am- Canadian stand not depressed both at ericans. No news concerning cholera is 'week al ,and Toronto. Moneysteais still int transmitted. The Government had hoped to conceal the present epidemic entirely. clined to be stringent, but may be easier This season Naples is deserted by English shortly Mercantile discounts are un - and American visitors, but swarms with Italian visitors who come to bathe. Rumor of the truth got among them, and Naples ie now deserted by all who can go. On July 14 and 26 there were 14 cases and 5 deaths ; July 27, 15 cases and 7 h July 28 11 cases and 7 deaths. g belong under the trees Why should swing O.. .i they be so nearly confined to the homes of town people ? Who earns the hour's rest - in the afternoon mare than the farmer's wife, and who earns a pleasant evening, resting tinier the trees, more than does the farmer's family ? We do not stop to enjoy the present as we should. Why look ahead . in the future ? It may bring unhappiness. The hard day's work gives warrantfor rest. Then ease, comfort, enjoyment in the sum - came o h an Collections are generally speaking fair;- men's heal call for these few simple things. Down with the weeds, out with the rub- bish. Let the fancily have a neat grass -plot under waving tree tops and let ns learn that only he wins who learns to enjoy as he goes. Work with willing hands, and learn changed at 6 to 7 per cent. Bank clearings to make the rest -time enjoyable. Why in Toronto which are a fair index of the not ? Otherwise what a failure we make. volume of business were 4 per cent. less PAviD. than last week, and 17 per cent. less than a year ago. A new industry in Canadian lumber is being developed in the city of Ottawa by Messrs. cCo., Teaching Calves Drink. • There are just two things required in deaths ; n y McRae & (;o who have secured teaching the little calf how to drink, the Then came two days of rain and the rate fell. Un July 31 there were 18 cases and 10 the control of aa German patect for the 'first is a little common sense, the recon is deaths ; August 1, 10 cases and 6 deaths ; treatment of beech and birch woods. The lotsof patieece. The common sense comes August 3, 23 cases and 10 deaths ; August great objection hitherto held against these in when you consider that its nature is to 4, 25 cases and 15 deaths ; August 5, 14 woods is the fact that they are very difficult look up for its food sthat ,and if you touch deaths. These deaths were registered by to season, and even when they have been the top of its head or nose, you must expect authorities as gastro-enteritis. The seasoned fully 40 per cent. is defective. By its tendency will be to follow up that dir- t World's" correspondent knows absolutely the new the boards by being placed, in a grocess the sap is ree st state, a calf a dd out of ection,to ay or two old couldd what it is Don't think great while e a that they were cholera cases. b 1 t fish it In Add to these figures the number concealed in steam chambers for twelve days, after amount of experience, so don't expect ct it to Yon a short time even yearlings and lambs will entirely,these in in houses and recorded as which it is put into the drying chamber for show very much reasoning power. come to like bright green fodder, and will somethi entirely nngn. • scions, and the two or three days, according to thickness, must do that for them. When your pati- y and then bya according chemical application the ence begins to waver just ask yourself how other it perfectly clean ; cleaner than any number occurring in suburbs which were other stock possibly can. Now, for the not recorded at all by the . Naples sanitary wood is stained throughout a rich walnut , much more you knew when you were at the of Newiters in the gid m y gee States authorities and the average of 30 daily is color. The process has Steen tried on a I calf's age, and it may help you to credit the of England, where corn is ill adapted easily reached. large scale in Germany for the past eighteen j calf with just a little sense, and yon will be and little grown, the above may seam fool - France has just announced she will not months, and has proved such a success that j able to overlook a good deal that you might Eitness. But think,wthoseer the farmers ra the give a clean bill of health to ships from experts acknowledge that wood so treated otherwise attribute to pure r dine until East may for on the prairies tine. sand Greece has established a quaran is demand. they ior alr a quite unable he to supply Seers there ptember, the twice eachmonth,one mill and rich bottoms o the West, where corn tine. write seems more appropriate than any other the demand. No country in the world has the her it 1phur on the revents the depositing of the cereal crop, the matter of feeding its foliage such forests of beech -and birch as Canada, that developsinto grub, or whether it is a practical one, ani the saving of it may and the discovery of this process will no egg mean the difference between raising corn at The favorite doubt greatly enhance their value. A trial desteoys it after being deposited, I do not but this I do know, that with 20 a profit and raising it at an absolute loss. of Turkey 1 1 the kiln has been built in Ottawa, and the fir• st h now ow in my stable, are but two The great point is to stack the fodder in be if l pat -cel turned out las that have any grubs, and these two are the Fall and keep it bright, says ah writer t, heifers that ran with the sheep last season Sheep Breeder. To do this, it must a est` h tab, {ootid Tier an groups- y mems and did not get the sulphur treatment, shocked, basked and bound in convenient tion famous dressmaktpg establishment ed there tmmedca ly, and a bundles with tarred twine—this being P made for the .recti of t other plants, Try it. the best material for bands to prevent in one in rats from cutting them. About the last of November or first of December, less the Fall has been unusually wet, .11111. Beauty Bot a Curse• wife of thepresent Sultan was once apoor gtr , iving in t week,is so salts coal mines of France. She was a beautiful factory works for the tis so sato- girl, as she is now a beautiful woman, and twenty-five five car loadsrsmonthly will t erect - tion f me c ars le person to tarrange in a et wo Paris where her superior intelligence soon Canada ohs lathe made her madame's most valuable aasistant. Province western Quebec. It andis probable that and she was sent to Constantinople with the bulk of the first season's out -put will Nothingdresses ordered by heardhp of her s mother. be shipped to England: where the wood is more was inheritance of her wasfomany well known and can be readily sold on a years until a little left her cost of feed and care, found that while the uu can with five good ones were paying a fine profit the fodder beA ricked woutgon a r stillo f above -the oother five were actually Q him Si per held annually over and above the valve of too advaniagelin those in cities, cache used is best to make the milk they yielded. Individual t the only means of ascertaining the profit and loss in the dairy the ricks long for windbreaks -100 feet it desired. Throw down poles to keep the fodder oif the ground., then begin and lay a ceurse of bundles clear around, tips inward, and the bundles . lapping about a third of their length. Then lay a- shingle course straight through the middle to keep it full; this will give a downward pitch to the out- side courses, shedding the a rain. When built up high menet, lay bundles length- _ s s ' ethe roof.- t Coolie in Hones• Bulletin No. `25 of the Mississippi Experi- ment Station is devoted entirely to colic in horses and mules, the subject being treated very frilly. Veterinarians usually i-�gttitie u die {cramp} and flatulent {win ods colic by a relative, and notices were published asking for herwhereabout. In answer to all these notices, a wonderful equipage, escort- ed by mounted eunochs, supped at the door of the Embassy, and the Sultan's wife stepped down to declare herself the once Flora. Collin, and renounced the legacy in profitable basis. B otbinf, � Appropriate- " What shall we name him, Hiram?" said the wife and mother. The poor, hcneat, hardworking husband and father looked at his fourteenth cherub, favour cf her kindred, who were still poor. blinking helplessly in its cradle, and sig___ It was the old story of love at first sight " I think, Mary Jane," he said, " we'1 between the Sultan and the beautiful mod- mil him, Dennis. istr but t�vo forms of clic, Inflammation of the l ways along the middle, sharpened up to re Morse,In old the Centbber boot, found by Arthur his three year old daughter standing near } The latter will consist. of i t Central Vermont House,WBo t a wall which overut tumble.pff e bowels ti closely allied to sprit like the p tor: there was -hiddene$l, ... 'dashed forward,r c ce esiton to�?►tn bundles set sloping tip steep, P- -- ine t colic., Thesas iaac te° - site sides of a house roof. _ If the butts oiai a spree with the money, and then learned {cel her from the falling bricks, and was Ilent' colic: These coir; diseases are t -SySte t ple- . tem ere -Well thrust down into the rick and the `�=1be proprietor had used the old boot as instantly killed. The -child gess only at+scizng the flzlesttve syr ht injuries. mules,. For the prevention of .ops laced together, it will. take a hard wind a hank. 7 ; ehg j James Kirtland, of B,oyalton, Ohio, saw Rapid Couching- . The cough or puff of a railway ergine is die to the abrupt emission` of waste steam up the stack. When moving slowly the coughs can, of course, be heard following each other quite distinctly, but when speed is put on the puffs come out one after an- other much more rapidly, and when eighteen coughs a second are produced they cannot be separately distinguished by the ear. A locomotive running at the rate of nearly seventy miles an hour gives out twenty puffs of steam every second—that is, ten for each of its two cylinders. Spinsterhood. Mrs. Boodles—" I am so glad that Sam's going to marry an old maid ! 'Cadre widows' are so self-sufficient and overbearing, young girls are so boity-toity. Fat old maids are kindof grateful, and w to.. please."