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The East Huron Gazette, 1892-03-31, Page 2ate ts s� HEAD'S• Milk a Microbe Killer. The results of Dr. Freudenreich's experi- ments, as now published in the Annales de Micrographic, are of first-rate importance. He finds that the cholera bacillus, if put into milk drawn fresh from the cow, dies in an hour, and in five hours if put into fresh goat's milk. The bacillus of typhoid fever takes 24 hours to die in cow's milk, and 5 hours in goat's milk. Other microbes suffer a like fate in varying periods. By this showing, fresh milk is a bactericide or killer of disease—causing micro-organ- isms. But Dr. Freudenreich's researches go yet further than the foregoing. He finds that milk, maintained for an hour at a tempera- ture of 51 degrees (131 deg. F.), loses its power to kill microbes—a statement which is of interest in face of the common teach- ing which takes the purification of milk depend upon its being boiled. Again, the microbe -killing properties of milk become weaker the older it gets. Cow's milk after four days, and goat's milk after five days, cease to have any effect upon micro-organ- isms. The conclusions, at any rate, are al- together in , favour of the consumption of fresh milk. Feeling in the Bones. People usually imagine that Their bones are of soldid mineral construction, without any feeling in them. No one who has ever had a leg or an arm cut off is likely to in- dulge in such a mistaken notion. Compara- tively speaking, little pain is felt when the flesh is being cut through, but when the bone is attacked by the saw, Oh, my You see, as a matter of fact, there are blood -vessels and nerves inside the bones just as there are outside. Anyone who has purchased a beefsteak at the market knows about the marrow in the bone. It is the same with other animals than the bullock, including human beings. Through the mar- row in the bone. It is the same with other animals than the bullock, including human beings. Through the marrow run the nerves and blood -vessels, entering the bones from the flesh without by little holes, which you can see for youself any time by examin- ing a skeleton, or part of one. When the disease called rheumatism, which no physi- cian understands, affects the nerves within the bones, no way has been discovered for treating it successfully. It does not do to smile when a person says that he feels a thing in his bones. A Healthy Skin. essence is takeninat its roots by a purely natural process. Keep the scalp clean" and moderately cool and let Nature have her way. A bald-headed Indian or cow -boy would be a curiosity.—[HalI's Journal of Health. Snails for Consumption. Many of the alleged discoveries in medi- cine are after all little more than revivals of very old theories, says a St. Louis doc- tor. One of the latest fads for the treat- ment of consumption is the snail cure, which is said to have been tried and found successful There is nothing new in this, for in an old medical work, published in 1746, copies of which are still to be found in several libraries, there is a long account of a mixture of garden snails and earthworms will cure consumption, and from more -recent books the fact can be gleaned that this very objectionable remedy has been popular in the South of England and in, Wales for years, being regarded as superior in every respect to drinking cod liver oil. - The Sabbath Chime. The atoning work is done, The Victim's blood is shed, And Jesus now is gone His people's cause to plead ; He stands in Heaven their great High He bears their names upon His breast. He sprinkles with His blood The mercy -seat above; For justice had withstood The purposes of love ; But justicenowwithstands no more, And mercy yields her boundless store. No templeenade with hands, His place of service is ; In Heaven tself He stands, A Heave ly priesthood His. In Him the shadows of the law Are all fulfilled, and now withdraw. And though a while He be Hid t om the eyes of men, His people look to see Their great High Priest again; In brightest glory He will come, And take His waiting people home. Golden Thoughts for Every Day. Monday— The scarf -skin is being constantly cast off in the form of minutes powdery scales ; but these, instead of falling away from the skin are retained against the surface by the con- tact of clothing. Moreover, they be^one mingled with the unctuous and saline pro- ducts of the skin, and the whole together concrete into a thin crest, which, by its ad- hesiveness, attracts particles of dust of all kinds—soot and dust from the atmosphere, and particles of foreign matter from our dress; so that in the course of a day the whole body, the covered parts least, and the uncovered most, becomes covered by a pellicle of impurities of every description. If this pellicle be allowed to remain, to become thick and establish itself upon the skin, effects which I shall now proceed to deal will follow. In the first place, the pores will be obstructed, and, in consequence, transpiration impeded, and the influence of the skin, as a re- spiratory organ, entirely prevented. Iii the second place, the skin will be irratated both mechanically and chemically ; it will be kept damp and cold, from the attraction and detention of moisture by the saline par- ticles, and possibly the matters once remov- ed from the system may be again conveyed ;nto it Uy absorption. And thirdly, foreign matters in solution, such as poisonous gases, miasmata, and infectious vapours, wid find upon the skin a medium favorable for their suspension and subsequent transmission into the body. These are the primary conse- sequences of the neglected ablution of the skin. Let us now inquire what are the secondary or constitutional effects. If the pores be obstructed, and the transpiration checked, the constituents of the transpired fluids will necessarily he thrown upon the system; and as they are injurious, even poisonous, if re- tained, they must be removed by other organs than the skin. Those organs are the lungs, the liver, the kidneys, and the bowels. But it will be apparent to every one that if these organs equally, or one more than an- other, which is generally the case, be called upon to perform their own office, plus that of another, the equilibrium of health must be disturbed and the oppressed organ must suffer from exhaustion and fatigue, and must become the prey of disease. Thus obviously and plainly habits of uncleanliness become the cause of consumption and other serious diseases of the vital organs. Again, if the pores be obstructed, respiration through the skin will be at an end, and as a consequence, the blood, deprived of one source of its oxygen, one outiet for its carbon, the chemi- cal changes of nutrition will be insufficient, and the arimal temperature lowered, and the effects of cold manifested onthe system, and the re -absorption of matters once separ- ated from the body will be the exciting cause of other injurious disorders. The third position offers results even more serious than. those which precede. If a pellicle of foreign substance be permitted to form on the skin, this will inevitably become the seat of a detention of miasmata and infectious vapours., They will rest here previously to being absorbed, and their absorption will engender the diseases of which they are the peculiar ferment -4 Wilson's Treatise. Oare of the Hair. In all soberness the more common causes of baldness are insufficient exposure of the hair to the sun and air, close, ill -ventilated hats, excessive mental work and worry, the influence of hereditary, alcoholic and other excesses, constant washing and the neglect of the use of some proper stimulant at the roots. Children should, as mach as possible, do without caps ; and hats, when worn, should be roomy and of a light description. Daring the hot season, a stout hat is neces- sary for the prevention of sunstroke. A head -covering should never be worn indoors, in trains, or in closed carriages. The kind of material employed is of ' importance. In summer straw appears to be the best, on account of its lightness and permeability. In winter, hits made of light telt ventilated -and unlined, are recommended. Theordin- ary tall and thick, heavy, unventilated hat cannot be too strongly condemned. Con- stant washing of the hair is unnecessary, as well as harmful. Once a week is quite often enough for cleanliness, aewell as for main- taining the strength of the hair, The same 1 purification and rejuvenation— 'remark applies $o continual brushing, especi- F Ing Hold on, mister. Will it cure snor- " Snoring, madam, is a concomitant of drunkenness. Yes, ma'am, it will cure snoring, swear-ing, proud flesh, corns—' " I'm onto ver, mister, for one bottle. Priest, What were life Did soul stand still therein, forego her strife Through the ambiguous present, to the goal Of some all -reconciling future? Soul, Nothing has been, which shall not bettered be, Hereafter. —[Robert Browning. Tuesday—I strongly recommend you to follow the analogy of the body in seeking the refreshment of the mind. Everybody knows that both man and horse. are very much relieved and rested if, instead of lying down and falling asleep, he changes the muscles he puts in operation ; _if instead of level ground he goes up and down hill, it is a rest both to the man walking and the horse he rides ; a differentsetof muscles is called into action. So I say, call into action a different class of faculties, apply your minds to other objects of wholesome food to yourselves as well as of good to others, and, depend upon it, that is the true mode of getting repose in old age. Do not overwork yourselves ; do everything in moderation.—[Lord Brougham. W ednesday— Great God, to thee my evening song. With humble gratitude I raise; 0 let thy mercy tune my tongue, And 1111 my heart with lively praise. My days unclouded as they pass, And every onward rolling hour Are monuments of wondrous grace, And witness to thy love and power. —[Anonymous. Thursday—Besides this the mind of man itself is too active and restless a principle ever to settle on the true point of quiet. It discovers every day some craving want in a body which really wants but little. It every day invents some new artificial rule to guide that nature which, if left to itself were the best and surest guide. It finds out imaginary being prescribing imaginary laws ; and then it raises imaginery terrors to support a belief in the beings, and an obedience to the laws. Many things have been said, and very well, undoubtedly, on the subjection in which we should preserve our bodies to the government of our under- standing ; but enough has not been said upon the restraint which our bodily neces- sities ought to lay on the extravagant sublimities and eccentric rovings of our minds. The body, or, as some love to call it, our inferior nature, is wiser in its own plain way, and attends to its own business more directly, than the mind with all its `boasted subtlety.—[Edmund Burke OA1�ADA'S DEFENOE. A Brief Discussion in the Imperial Par, liament. In -the Imperial House of Commons on Monday on a motion to go into committee of supply, the Hon. Sir Henry Stafford Northcote, Conservative member for Exeter, took occasion to move that the House of Commons urge upon the Government the necessity of immediate steps to complete the harbor of protection at Esquimault, British Columhia, which is the station for Her Majesty's fleet in that section of the Pacific.. Sir Henry argued that the route from Great Britain to Asia by way of the Canadian Pacific ' route would not be secure unless steps should be taken to make Esquimault harbor safe for the protection of commerce. Rear Admiral Edward Field, Conservative member for Eastbourne, supported the mo- tion of Sir Henry, urging that the defence of British -Canadian interests imperatively required that the Government push to a com- pletion the work at Esquimault. Mr. William H. K. Redmond, Nationalist member for Fermanagh, said that the de- fence of Esquimault was of more importance to England than to Canada, and that Eng- land's action had not been generous toward the Canadians in insisting that they should stand a share of the burden in excess of what they thought to be fair. Col. Thomas Waring, Conservative, ridi- culed the statement of Mr. Redmond and defended the Government. The Right Hon. George Osborne Morgan, Liberal, said that in behalf of the Opposition he desired to approve the extremely fair attitude of the Government. Secretary for War Stanhope, replying to Sir Henry Stafford Northcote, said he re- gretted that the fortification of Esquimault was not yet completed, and the more so for the reason that this made it an erception to other foreign stations, whose fortifications, with the single exception of Esquimault, have been brought to completion. The de- lay had been due to the reluctance of Can- ada to stand a fair share of the cost. Under the- circumstances the Government would be unable to accept the motion. Sir Henry withdrew his motion in defer- ence to the wishes of the Government as ex- pressed by the Secretary for War. The discussion created a decided sensa- tion, owing to the excitement on the Be- hring sea issue. It is believed that the object in putting forward the motion was to get the sense of the House as to how far the Government would be supported in a firm attitude as to the seal fisheries. WILL NOT AGGRn ATE THE STATES. Another cablegram says that the British Admiralty has received a private report from Admiral Watson of the North- Ameri- can station giving a detailed account of the United States commerce, ship and engine building, and construction facilities. The shipbuilding firms, he states, in the interior of the United States, especially at Duluth, Milwaukee, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, Erie, and Bay City, could all be called upon in a short time to build ships which could be easily converted into ships of war, Admiral Watson's attention was called , o this by Canadian shipbsilders who state that by the agreement of 1817 they are unable to provide for war. He suggests, therefore that the Admiralty throw a sop to the Canadians and build dockyards along the lakes, giving thein the same advantages as Americans. To this the Admiralty has replied : " Pooh ! pooh ! it is plenty of time to look into the matter when the United States show itself unfriendly. At present is no in- dication of unfriendliness, and the British Government is not goir.g to throw away money merely tor the purpose of aggrava- tm7 the United States Government and causing a speedy abrogation of the treaty." Friday— - Then welcome each rebuff, That turns earth's smoothness rough, Each sting, that bids nor sit nor stand, but go! Be our joys three parts pain. Strive, and hold cheap the strain ; Learn, nor account the pang ; dare, never grudge the throe! —[Robert Browning. Saturday—The author of nature has not given laws too the universe which, like the institutions of men, carry in themselves the elements of their own destruction. He has not permitted in his works any symptom of infancy or old age, or any sign by which we may estimate either their future or their past duration. He may put an end, as He no doubt gave a beginning, to - the present system at some determinate period of time ; but we may rest assured that this great catastrophe will not be brought about by the laws now existing, and that it is not indicated by anything which we perceive.— [John Playfair. The Wonderful Remedy. A straight wisp of faded hair stuck out from the small coil at the back of her head. "Air you the druggist ?" she asked." I am, madam," he replied. " Keep all the modernest remerdies, s'pose ?" " Certainly." " Got any o' this yer bichlorate o' gold ?" " We have the bichloride, yes, madam. We are Dr. Keeley's exclusive agents." " Same thing they gives to drunkards to break 'em o' drinkin'?" "Precisely." " Does it cure drinkin'?" " Makes a man hate it." " Will it cure fits ?" Certainly." "Cure a man o' cbawin' terbacker?" " Our guarantee goes with every bottle, and there is a hypodermic syringe in every package." " Go 'way." "Yes, indeed. This is a most wonderful discovery. There have been thousands of cases—" "Does it make a man come home reg'lar o' nights?" " If it does not, we will cheerfully refund the money." "Jest nacher'lly breaks a man o' every, bad habit he ever had?" " Madam the moral renovation exper- enced by patients submitted to this treat- ment is ,comparable only to the absolute allywithhard brushes. There is a notion that greasing the hair is vulgar. After the Mair has- been washed, it is certainly bene - cal to apply sparingly some form of simple grease or oil, otherwise it is apt to become dry and brittle. Bear in mind that every individual ink is a hollow tube whose life Ef it'll cure my old man o' snoring, I'll trey it myself for corns, which is my weakness." number so immense as is generally supposed --they are made into .the beautiful braids which are shown so seductively in the win- dows of the fashionable coiffeurs. If, as the good book says, wisdom goes she who places on her head be a of to these e conglomerate braids might re- ceive a portion of the wisdom of hundreds ofthose thousandshairsbeoffore othheerr.women who had worn « It is said that the cutters » in France have plied their trade so industriously that at present it is hardly possible in the whole republic to find a woman who will sell her hair. The business has been done to death, and now the enterprising dealers in false hair are sending their representatives Norway through Switzerland, Belgium, orwa y canvassing for unsophisticated lasses who will allow themselves to he robbed of their hair, which is half of thiir beauty, for a few pieces of�silver. Bed Snow. A man in Massachusetts, while walking in the woods a few days since, found the snow which lay among the trees filled with myraids of small scarlet worms. Several acres were covered with them, and they were so numerous that they gave the snow a crimson tinge. The worms were about three eights of an inch long and as brilliant as cochineal. They were found after a brisk snow squall, and were evidently deposited by the filling snow. - Red snow is not a remarkable phenomen- on, but to find snow reddened by worms nearly a half an inch in length makes one suspect the accuracy of the story. Color in snow is caused sometimes by minute forms of vegetable matter and sometimes by ani- malculae, but in either case the constituent particles of the color are of microscope size only, and not three-eighths of an inch long. If this story be true the snow squall must have struck a bonanza of worms somewhere and unearthed it, carrying worms on the wings of the wind, and finally dropping them in the Massachusetts forrest. For many years colored snow was deemed a most awful portent, its color being asso- ciated with blood and considered a sure prognostic of death and disaster. At length however, science directed its attention to the phenomenon, and it was soon discovered that the color of the snow was due to the presence of a vegetable__ growth known by the generic name of hasmatoceus and to ani- malcule called yhilodina roseola, and this took all the terror out of red snow except such as might be inspired by the length of these scientific names. In Norway, Sweden and other countries in high northern latitude the presence of colored snow is not at all unusual, but in flower latitudes it is more rare. Those who have seen it describe it as being beautiful, but at the same dine unnatural looking, probably because we are accustomed to con- nect snow with the idea of absolute white- ness. It is fortunate for the poets and cul- lers of similes that colored snow is rare, for otherwise half their stock in trade would be gone. _ How False Hair is Obtained. The best false -hair comes from France, where it is sold by the gramme at prises which vary according to quality and color. The most expensive false hair is the silver white variety, which is in great demand and very difficult to find. This is due to the fact that men grow bald in a majority of cases before their hair reaches the silver white stage, and women, whether bald or not, are not disposed to sell their white hair at any price. They need it themselves. Still women growing bald must have white hair to match the scant allowance ad- vancing age has left them. The chemists have taken the matter in hand and are abel had ocular evidence of it during this trip. After two or three men had suffered from terrible kicks of these birds we did not ven- ture near them, but after running our horses till we got close eneugh would bring them down with our rifles. We did not approach them till we knew they were dead. We tained in two ways. The better and more killed themfor their feathers, although they expensive kind is cut directly from the heads i are not so valuable as those cf the ostrich. of peasant women, who sell their silken «'e also hunted for their eggs, which are tresses sometimes for a mere song and some -Ito be foiled m the sand, but in doing this times for a fair price, according as they bevelwe took care int to collide with the emu. learned wisdom. Every year the whole' the eggs are more in the demand than the territory of France is tritvelled over by men i feathers. tough t!±atl it re very er It beautiful tbrea and so whose business it is to persuade village fessional curio makers drill ahole inea h maidens, their mothers and their aunts to' part with their hair for financial considera- tion. These men are known as " cutters," and there are at least 500 of them in the country always going from house to house, from farm to farm and through all the villages in all the departments, seeking subjects for their scissors. A good cutter averages from two to five heads of hair a day, and he pays from 2t. to 10f. for each. It is estimated that a single head of luxuriant growth weighs about a pound. The false hair thus obtained—at the cost of the tears and regrets of many foolish maidens—is the finest in the market, and sells for an exaggerated price, which puts it beyond the reaeh of the ordinary purchaser. Besides it is evident, that the supply of genuine "cuttings" must fall far short of the demand for false hair. So the majority of this wavy merchandise is obtained—yes, ladies, 1 am exceedingly sorry, but it is the fact—from the rag pickers. These busy searchers of ash heaps and garbage barrels collect every day in the city of Paris alone at least 100 pounds of hair, which some hun- dreds of thousands of women have combed out of_ their heads during the preceding twenty-four hours. This hair, all mixed together and soiled, one would think, be- yond redemption, is sold to hair cleaners at from $1, to $1.50 a pound, which shows simply that the fair sex of one city alone throws away annually about 30J,000f. worth of hair, for which they afterward pay—and it is the same hair, mind consid- ably over 1,000,000f. The cleaning of this refuse hair is an operation which requires careful attention. After the hair has been freed from the dust and dirt and mucl and other unpleasant things with which it has come in contact in gutters and slop buckets it is rubbed in saw- dust until it shines once more with its pris- tine gloss, and then the process of sorting is begun, in the first place skilled hands fix the individual hairs in frames,with the roots all pointing the same way; and then they are arranged according to the -color. Finally, when a sufficient number of -hairs of one color have been obtained—nor is this Vicious Kickers. Dr. E. Usher, of London, fellow of the Royal geographical Society and a sports- man of note, who has been in Arabia and other remote i:arts hunting for big game, has arrived home from North Queensland and the desert region known as the north territory in Australia. This is an enormous stretch of country, thousands of miles in area, infested by cannibals, in which are giant emus, nombat and whallaby. ft was to hunt the emu that Dr. Usher made his trip there. " A party of us went up in that far north region," he said last night. "We were among tha cannibals, who are great in size, being six and one-half feet high and physically perfect. It is a dry, sandy region for the most part. Emus in large numbers are to be found over this terri- tory. We hunted them on horseback, and it was rare sport, for the reason that they can roil as fast as a horse, and a very good one at that. We found the catching of emus almost as interesting as coursing, besides having a certain spice of clanger about it. " An Ernu can kick as hard as a horse. I have seen men kicked so hard by this vicious bird that their legs were broken. If I had my choice of being kick- ed oy a horse or an emu I think I would take the horse. The emu stands on one leg and with the other strikes a quick and most paralyzing blow. I never would have be- lieved that a bird had such power had I not to produce by decoloration of hair of any color a tolerable grade of white hair which, however, has a bluish tint not at all ap- proaching m beauty the silvery softness of hair which has been bleached by nature False hair of the ordinary shades is ob- The Largest Ships Afloat. The French five -master France is the largest sailing ship afloat. She was launched in September, 1890, at Patrick, and her di- mensions are as follows : Length, 361 feet ; breadth, 49 feet ; depth, 20 feet. Her net register tonnage is 3,624 with a sale area of 40,000 square feet, and not long since she carried an enormous cargo of 5,900 tens of coal on her maiden passage from Barry to Rio de Janeiro without mishap after thirty- two days' sail, or within one day of the fast- est, passage on re;,ord. She is square rigged on four masts, but carries fore-and-aft can- vas on the fifth mast. Her masts are only 160 feet high, nevertheless, she looks heav- ily sparred. This leviathan is fitted with a cellular double bottom, and can carry 2,000 tons of water ballast, thus reducing the ex- pense ofballasting to a minimum. The largest British ship is the Liverpool, 3,330 tons, built of iron, on the Clyde. She is 333 feet long, 48 feet broad, and 28 feet deep. Her four masts are each square rigg- ed, but she is far from clumsy aloft, is easily handled, and has run fourteen knots an hour for a whole day. We were much impressed by her exceptional size, but for beauty she compares unfavorably with such a ship as the Thermopylae, or a large wooden built ship of America,, having bright, lofty spars and deoks as white as a nound's tooth. Iron decks do not lend themselves rapidly to adornment. Next in size is the Pulgrave, of 3,078 tons. The United States ship Shenandoah, of Bath, Me., built by Messrs. Sewal & Co., of that port, is the largest wooden vessel in existence. She is 3,259 tons register, and will carry about 5,000 tons of heavy cargo. She has just left San Franscisco, Cal., with 112,000 rentals of wheat, worth $175,000. This is the largest grain cargo on record. Another wooden vessel, the Rappahannock, also built at Bath, Me., is 3,050 tons register, cost $125,000, and 706 tons of Virginia oak, together with 1,200,000 feet of pine timber, were used in her construction. The largest Brit- ish wooden ship is the Three Brothers, 2,863 tone register, built at Boston, United States, in 1855. She is 313 feet long, 48 feet broad, and 31 feet deep. A further conception may be formed of the carrying capacity of such ships when we mention that the Liverpool brought 20,000 bales of jute from Calcutta to Dundee, and the Rap- pahannock took 125,000 cases of petroleum from Philadelphia to Japan. end, take the inside out and then the shell is carved and mounted in silver. There are three layers of the shell and the carving is done so as to show three colors. The silver is set in the first layer, so thick is it, and when it is all carved and ornamented by the silver it is handsome." A Gallant Deed. From a friend in India, the Yorkshire Post'6 London correspondent hears that Capt. Aylmer, the gallant engineer officer who blew in the door of the fort at Nilt with gun -cotton, has been recommended by Sir Frederick Roberts,—or, to give him hislat- er title, Lord Roberts—for the Victoria Cross. All accounts received trom Gilgit go to show that the exploit was one of no or- dinary di$iculty and dander. When the outer wail of the fort had been gained, a sort of courtyard had to be crossed in the midst of a galling fire, and then the gun- cotton had to be placed under the very muz- zles of the enemy's guns. The operation was performed, however, without injury either to Capt. Aylmer or the gallant native sapper who assisted him, but in the scrim- mage which ensued upon the blowing in of the gates the former had his thumb broken by a stone and was wounded'in the leg and hand. Nevertheless he fought bravely on, firing no fewer than nineteen shots from his revolve -r before he allowed himselfto be car- ried from the scene of action. Inspired pro- bably by his example, the native troops fought like Trojans on the occasion, and several of them are to be recomtrended for the Distinguished Service Order, which is the native equivalent to the Vi;.toria Cross. B.e Cometh. - Belle—Oh, say, have you heard that May Savalle, who went as missionary to the Sioux, is going to marry a chief ? Blanche—No ! How did you hear? Belle—She told me so herself and showed me her engagement ring. It has the cutest kind of a quotation inside it. Blanche—Really ! What is the quota- tion ? Belle—" Lo, the bridgroom cometh !" Doubtful Friendship. While not admiring the classical phraseo- logy of the last sentence in the following editorial extract from the Toronto Telegram we cannot refrain from saying that the ex- tract itself hits a good-sized nail plump on the head: The New York Sun speaks approvingly of "our friends the Liberals." Its censure is more to be coveted by a Canadian party than its praise. It is the brightest of American newspapers, but even those who admire its ability despise the spirit that makes it the unreasoning enemy of Britain; the foe of every party that makes the nation's great- ness its first care, and the friend of every faction that troubles the empire. The Sun is a tpyical American newspaper. Never, even by accident, is it just to Bri- tain, and not a good word for the greatest of countries appears in its editorial columns from year's end to year's end. This is the journal that speaks of " our friends the Liberals." Thatparty through the errors of its wrong headed leaders has earned the approbation of journals that hate Canada and fear Bri- tain. When Canada is choosing between its own parties, approval from the cultured Fenianisin of the New York Sun is a poor recommendation for the faction that has earned its praiee. The idea that the Sun's praise is helpful to "our friends the Liberals" is an entirely superfluous proof of that journal's ignorance of Canada and the Canadians. The popu- larity of the Opposition ir. the United States has not been earned by devotion to the cause of its own country. The big but fat -headed journal in question does not see that in blessing the Grits itis giving the Tories oc- casion to be thankful for the enmity of " their friend the Sun." THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS. Why and Bow they come and go_A. i'uzzlyd for Materialist. Instinct must be a great dilly to the materialist ;one of the ere et vrit]i which it has to contend. Whence s it? what is it 2 The secret tuition which directs the Deaver to construct its dam, the squirrel to lay up its hidden stores, the spider to spin its silken web ; the guiding impu's which in these latter days of the dying year in taking from us half our feathered friends, and bringing to us in their place a host of their hardier fellows. We have the facts. Every spring they come, every autumn they go. And as they arrive they meet others leaving, and as they leave they ms;.t those others returning a double ebb and flow of feathered life. And surely enough of interest attaches to those periodical migrations with- out the need for prying into questions which we shall never be able to answer, and dis- cussing problems which no finite mind can solve. And, after all, we do know the two great causes which act as the, principal fac- tors in turning birds twice a year into feath- ered pilgrims. One cause is climate, the other cause is food. A bird like the field- fare, although hardier than its first cousin, the thrush, is nevertheless unable to bear the rigors of a northern winter, and so travels southward as soon as the leaves begin to fall. Sometimes even our winter is too severe for its constitution, and then it travels farther still, and spends just a few days with us on its return journey in the spring. The swift, on the other hand, a native of Northern Africa, can not endure the heat of a tropical summer, and so flies away northward in time to escape the piti- leas scorching of an almost equatorial sun. Probably no bird is so sensitive to extremes of heat and cold. It leaves its home to avoid the heat, and yet suffers terribly if the air be chill in the land of its temporary sojourn. Often and often have swifts been picked up dying and dead in the later days of an English spring, chilled through and through by a biting northerly wind, or frozen by the cold .blast which comes with the hail of a vernal thunder storm. The question of food, of course, is depend- ent upon that of clime te. Autumn frosts begin, and the insects disappear, and so the birds which prey upon those insects are perforce obliged to depart, driven hence not only by stress of weather, but also by want of food. But again, although our British Islands can not supply the swallow, and the swift, and the nightjar with the insects which they need, they can supply the red- wing and the fieldfare with worms, and snails, and slugs, and hips and haws. And so we extend hospitality, as it were, to one class of birds, although compelled to refuse it to another, and the autumnal exodus is balanced by an autumnal immigration. Much the same order is preserved by these travelling birds, both in their arrival and departure. The chiff-chaff and the willow - warbler (" hay -bird," the rustics call him) are generally the first to come, and usually the last to go. Sometimes one sees them even in the gusty days of March, and they linger on until the first frosts of autumn bring down the last remaining leaves from the trees. Close upon them follows the active little sand -martin, bound fair the steep, saft-walled quarries wherein it can scoop out its odd little burrows with little exertion, and not much fear of molestation. Then one notices a house -martin or two, pioneers of the host which will appear a few days later ; and then the fork -tailed swal- lows come ; and last of all the swifts, which are seldom to be seen before the latter end of May. The old ideas about these birds and their "hibernation" still linger, it seems, in some country districts. - "One here" (Konigs- berg), wrote Master George Boukeley some- where about the year 1620, "in his net drew up a company or heape of swallows as big as a bushel, fastened by the legs and bills in one, which, being carried to their stoves, quickened and flew, and, corning again in the cold air, dyed." And in the pages of a popular almanac, published in the year of grace 1889, I find precisely the same state- ment made in all sober earnest—i. e., that swallows do not migrate, but at the ap- proach of winter conceal themselves deep down in ponds or streams, and there, cling- ing together in great clusters, lie torpid until the warm days of spring call them once more to active life. Strange how these false old notions live on in spite of daily spreading knowledge. The swift is one of the very few birds which do not seem utterly exhausted by their long journey over the sea. Five min- utes after its arrival it is hawking for flies as actively as if it had just left its nest of ter a long night's repose, for its astonishing physique is scarcely susceptible of fatigue, and the untiring muscles are like so many rods and strands of tempered steel. Swal- lows are less vigorous, and are generally glad enough to rest awhile on the rigging of any vessel which they chance to meet. And when they reach the land at last one often sees them sitting in hundreds upon the shore, too wearied even to snap at the sand- flies which are flitting in thousands around them. So with other birds as well. Their strength seems most accurately adjusted to the length of their journey, and the immi- grants as they arrive drop upon the shore, utterly unable to fly- for another hundred yards. It they chance to be blown out of their course by contrary winds, and find no place whereon to rest awhile, they perish. The gulls and the terns are better off, for they can sit on the sea itself and rest as long as they will. But the poor migrants, less favoured by their structure, have no such power, and to them to stop in their flight, unless to perch awhile upon the yards of some friendly ship, means death. How these birds find their way to the exact spot which they left six months be- fore is a puzzle indeed, yet so they do. A marked pair of swallows have known to re- turn year after year to the very sane spot beneath the eases of the very same house, . winging their way thither over some 3,000 or 4,000 intervening miles of land and sea. What a marvelous memory the birds must have thus to recollect all the details of a journey which they have taken perhaps but once previously, and thatsix or seven months before ! For they must surely carry with them a mental map of the country over which they have passed, clear and distinct in every detail, indelibly photographed upon their tiny brains. Wonderful as is the in- stinct of the carrier pigeon, which brings it safely home from a distance of hundreds of miles, it is as nothing compared with that of these tiny migrants, in whose case the hun- dreds of miles to be traveled of -+ replaced by as many thousands, and which ;lave to jour- ney in the first instance to a bos%rne wholly unknown. . I send some of my receipts among whish here is one- especially good when eggs are high. CANE WrruorT Ecus.—Chop one cup of salt pork very fine, add one cup of boiling water, one .cup of sugar and one cup of mo- lasses, four and one-half core of flfiar, ene teaspoonful of soda, one-half ppoound 14 i kis- ins and other fruit 11 you prefer. Progress of the Bible. Nothing in the triumphs of science or in the history of literature snatches the prog- ress of the Bible. How it was originally de- vised no one knows. Commentators cannot authenticate beyond cavil a page of its contents. Its age is wholly unknown. The identity of the authorship of many of its chapters remains unsuspected. No other work has been so critically tested. No other has suffered equally from ignorance and superstition. Yet age after age it has progressed in the world. Cherished by the early Christians, manual labor delighted in reproducing its sacred texts and artistic -hands in numberless cloisters illuminated its margins. Diverse as must have been the fountains whence its streams have flowed, it became the great well of modern religious thought. Full of apparent contra- dictions, the church of the middle ages made it the basis of comprehensive sacred science, and by logic surpassing the skill of antiquity deduced from it a compact and formidable body of dogmatic creed which continues to hold its place in a practical world. When revolt overtook the ancient church every seceder from her dominion carried the Bible along as his dearest treas- ure. When printing became the preserver and disseminator of literature the Bible be- came the most popular of books. It is now. There is every reason for believing that it will continuetbe." The Bluebird. You may expect him any time after the sun passes the winter solstice. In his musical engagements it is 1 at a matter of dates, but opportunity. it is never a mat- ter of importunity. Who ever heard a bluebird's song out of season? It may be cold and snowy to -morrow, but his wings tremble in the nervous ecstasy of the pre- sent, and he sings of the bit of spring that now is. When the storm comes then he is silent. He may flee before its breath, or, if it is late in the season, he will fold his wing, unstring his lute, and uncomplain- ingly wait till the vernal sun and wind shall come again. But let the merest slit of sun- light gash the cloud, and he warbles forth his greetings. He has been accused of try- ing to force the season. But it is not that. I found a group once shivering against a March snow -storm. late, as the sun was sinking, and stopped to watch them, pity- ing their distress. Suddenly there was some-eommotion, which I attributed to my presence and scrutiny—a low conversation- al chatter, a quivering of wings, a few flit- ting changes of position, and then a gurgle of spring melody among the snow -drops. Astonished, I turned to where the sun should be, and there, on the horizon's rim, its half -disk was burning like a beacon.- Two eaconTwo minutes later it was out of sight, the air was gloomy, the snow fell on, but the morrow was a bluebird day, indeed. Tai to A curres mnainta;;;s t spear, J as venom. soerab;v pc of be:n,: sec in snakes, i so that th curatF]y de This seer occures in th :'.aid like t taste a::d ap ':oe skit_. it and dn:s an an Loss au are le ,s of in guinea p depression 1)r. c;ut well some Litten the t in less having seiz stant.aneous vomiting, a his hand a toad. 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