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The Huron Expositor, 1917-10-19, Page 1s- • -- • - son-- - . - 7.4 -J.' • 7.7 lit•••••••....•••••=•••••.01•1011.10•0 eseetweesemsewasesealassaye • SEAFO OCTOBER 4004,e0410******,..041,40944100. rolg Clothing. .Co'y ” Seeorbd to None " alasokwasos..R.Pasots.semayso.assew to r Ned sata. ) ar! ten *to Del Black I - EAST HURONRMER'S I force ai ofsTrr *1E an knd, The forty-fourth annual convention of the East' ',Huron Teachers' Ingi- tute, which was, held in Owen Me- isttimulig morial Hall, Clinton, onThursday and Ange Friday, October :Llth and. 12th.was ef the ha attended by 125 teachers and was a success in • every respect. The Presi- dent Miss M. L. Brock Principal of Winghara Public School, occupied the sacrifices in. dwelt eiposmaird teach patrio Inspector e that force es of man Germany's nothwith-, an now the], y at any part do's part and truggle were hers urged to thoroughly. The ending .less chair. • time on arithen Ripening, mak- ! Rev. A. E. Jones, pastor of Wesley hag room for the fieWittsg of Agricul- . church, Clinton, conducted the openitg tue, HOusehod, .and Manual Ger- exercises afternwhich Mr. Bouek read Traningd, drokirtei* study of Ger- pof PurseanileP. leter eine test sJ;yle SCeitha an address of welcome prepared by Mayor Thompson, who was unavoid- ably absent. Tile records of the last convention man an ma obligatory on` Mr. Scott difie, ance of rement ' were read by the Secretary and a- i ers diltYistetr' • dopted on .motion of Messrs. Holland there will be -11‘' ar.d Irwin. The following committees war' *TeaeherS- were then appointed:. way for the evid, ResOlution,Messrs. Bouck, Heiman, of the world • and Beattie, and Misses Farquharson. thS chief aim and Jardine; Programme, Messrs. serve. r4tr1 rw Shillinglaw and Fowler; Red Cros, Misses McKay and Garbutt, Mr. An- drew Scott and Dr. Field. In his report of the proceedir:gs at the 0.E. A., Mr, Holiaan referred to the growth of the Association during the past fifteen year, and gave the teachers the gist of some of the more important addresses. In introducing the subject, "The teaching of Agriculture," Mr. Slail- linlaw mentioned some of the diffi- *kin the' iMporte that,st,!inef tswItiechh- ditiZ _etfterthis prexar.e „the. 1:--54eiree1:1Zre *all IS to *My people must not remahre 'other teslit* :4411ding ofiesul,luinat toftbtehre must be a greter-e war* but, M144'hi This Very Attractive Coat Style in Sealette, Velour, Beaver and Fancy Tweed Coldrs are Brown„ Green, Black, Blue Tour, Grey. Price $15 $25 - $35 $40 • Wive put the peg a notch higher this year and we be lieve we are showing the finest • ready-to-wear Ladies' Coats ever offered the public. Stits. [ea ure t her opinionover it, for eir pitrechaset, notigra proef „ • svrra at a eafoiitb the fir_eFitt exits to, have ar them Oct. diri;aPPa-TeI ; ,5 tp $40 guarantee icry [ch • prOty--yes, Mei have Ail Ominelness. that inch lieadwea.r- , are -eery much tahb in in. city_ daY,ou e yo -t,1 in eve ret rtcs ONE of these days the weather man will announce " Rain and Snow, Much Colder and Freezing." We are ready. We have made ample provision tor your comfort and appearance. Handsome, Warm and Stylish Overcoats at Moderate Prices. That's one great feature about this store—your pocket -book is always safe from fakes. Youre sure of Best Goods,—New Goods — Dependable, Satisfactory Clothing, and the more that you investigate and compare, the more our moneysaving prices stand out iri your favor. Over- coats, medium or long -cut, tailoring and fabric the best -412 $15 $20 $25. Now where's the man that can't be overcoat satisfied here. w Furs All the Newand Luxurious Furs in RED FOX $35 to $75 BLACK WOLF $15 to $40 NATURAL WOLF to $5 MINK MARMOT $1O to $30 NATURAL COON$20 to $35 JAPAN COON $10 to $20 and all the different Variety of furs in Muffs, Stoles. and in Sets Greig Clothing Co SEAFORT11 andtdeePed !Irma* it4t11, other Peo- ples . Puedls slio be taught the principles that - *f - statesman- saltahhtlere'imsh=itispItotlipathrteyitshinme.ght iapt BeeUiter Sessioh. • A very ins teree. Ong program was piesented at the evening session which vNs attended by le goodly number of culties that stand in, the teacher's the townspeople. Clauses, drills. way, viz:—An already overcrowded sls, and readings byloal talent had curriulum, opposition from the far- mers themselves, and the necessity of having a practical knowledge of the subject in order to teach it properly. The need of having an Agricultural •Representative and the importance of schoolfairswere also emphasized. The Association then adjourned nn - til 1.30 p.m. • Thursday Afternoon. At the afternoon session, Mr. F. Fowler dealt with the subject of Agri- culture,pointing Out the necessity of furthering production and of trying • to influence the bdtri arel girls to stay on the farin by establishing a wider and more vital outlook for the resi- dents of rural districts and improvieg the \ social life of fanning .conmiunie ties In discussing the subject further, Mr. Bouck • stated that he thought most of the difficulties mentioned by forth; Libranannl) .'Fleld; 'Eecutive Mr. Shillinglaw cold • be overcome. Committee, Misslisini,Miiiiilargaret and Dr. Field was of the opinion that XuIIL Miss BuchatineDelegate to 0. there is now _Very little opposition to E . A Thomas G. Shillinglaw; Audi - the appointing of a District Repre- tors, Niessrs. Slid Beatty. sentative. • He .also complimented the It was moved by . Andrew Scott teachers concereee on the excellence and seconded IV. Mr. lki#40n, that we of the school tai ese held at :Walton, Jeeet next vir m. Brusses The mo- Bisteedsettits414.. agrika- Miss- Viola - Isard, of Gorrie, then Mr. Treleaven, pehicipal of Cltinton gave a good paper on "Oral Compesi- Collegiate, told a veil, interesting tion." After showirg that the Wiles story of his .6xperienbes r -schools demand more fluency in the art of both as a student -and a teacher and speeche and that good oral work paves mentioned some of the changes he has the -way for good written work, she noted. There is now more attention enumerated several aids in language teaching such as story -telling, drama- tizing, the use of pictures, and, in the Fourth Class,, debates. An excellent talk on "Nature Study in Public Schools"was given by Miss Mabel Money, Principal of Blyth Con- tinuation School. • The subject shfiuld be taught because it teaches children to know and care for animals ar_d plants, and develops social efficiency. Its cOrelations with Literature, Art, Arithmetic, Hygiene, .Composition and Agriculture were shown, and some helpful devices for teaching, the sub - jet .stated. This Was followed by a paper on "Physical Culture," which had been carefully prepared by Miss Deper, of Clinton. The following reasons for taking up the work definitely and regularly were enumerated: (a) For- mal calisthenics teaches the- pupil promptness and alertness. (b) It is an aid to discipline, (c) It improves the moral nature. (d) It gives erect- ness and gracefulness of carriage. (e) It leads to an improvemettin strength, health and powers of physi- cal endurance. With a class of glee Miss Draper gave a demonstration of several exercises. The subject, "Arithmetic for Junior Classes," was .dealt • with by Miss Norma Hartry of Seaforth, who illus- trated on the board, many simple and useful devices for making the necess- ary drill interesting. Two well rendered solos by Miss by grouping pupils; (g) by matang Colina Clark; of Blyth, proved a pleas- sere that pupils are equal to the work ing variation in the afternoon's pro- gram -me, after which Miss MacLeod, required. Dr. Field then called the attention of the Collegiate staff gave a paper on of the teachers to several changes in "Voice, Body and Mind," that was the the regulations and urged upon them subiect of much favorable comment. the advisability of attending some of In dealing. particularly with the speak- the summer sessions, after which Mrs. ing voice in relation to the subject of McKinnon, on behalf of the Girl's Pa - Reading, Miss MacLeod laid emphasis triotic Auxiliary, solicited the interest on the •fact that all expression comes and support of the teachers he bring - from within outward, and that we in g the, Chatauqua Institute to Un - been arranged for the staff of Clinton. xodel School, and, Wads, thee, Miss Money a Blyth gve,a graphic des- cription -of her experiences on board the "Arabic" when, it was torpedoed, ard Dr. Silcox, Principal of Stratford Normal School, gave a splendidly il- lustrted lecture on "Bautiful Cana- da." The proceeds. of tlte entertain- ment were for 1e4 Gress purposes. Friday' Monini. The -first Order of bus eh when the Institute mg 919.30 an, was the reading a 'the finaricial etatement for 1916. The Statement was adopted on motion of Messrs. Sett end Holland. Officers for -the ensuing year were elected as follows: Pre dent, Fester etPresident, 2nd Vie- /Srruee*.ls; See- , -Naylor, Sea- Fowlet, Seitfolith; 1t Miss Mabel MOneees President, B. St retery-Treasureet.-, 9, 1917 Save Fuel By Using orm as lielegAN BEM Pvisliabort WAIF a Tear hilmitusee phonic tablets. She gives the teach- H. Jolmton, Toni and Strang and ing of the letter "p" as a type of an Misses Medd and Sharraan was ape early lesson. Then obtaining a number pointed to consider the subject an4 of sounds for a foundation the teach- report this afternoon. er is prepared for the monosyllables Dr. J.W. Emery, B.A., of Stratford that fonow. The teacher should de- Normal School, took up the subjec4 velop as many words as possible and of Geography and ir.: an exeellent ad - combine as short stories. At first she .dress gave the association a great deal would retain the primer until the of • interesting information. about teaching this subject. In intrducing s - his subject Dr. Emery expressed his pleasure at being present at our as- sociation because of the large number of students from this courty who at- tend the Stratford Normal School. He held that the youngest pupil shouhi be taught geography that is, home geography. This should be taught out-of-doors by observation, %vase tigation and experimentation. The country is More important than the - wall map or the geography text bok. Then the teaching of this eubject should centre about man. In this cone nection he would make much of the. ethical side of the subject. This would lead to a kindlier feeling in the minds of all towards the people 4 other nations. If the principles of geo- graphy were well taught the pupils would know with a momeee's 'thought mazy facts about eities and districts. The discussion was catinned hy Inspector Tom, Messrs. Pliott and Roee and Dr. Strang, all emphasizing the pleasure they felt in listenn g to the common sense metheds advocated by Dr.' Emery. Dr, IL L Strang related many rem- ir_iscenes 'of fifty-four years' teach-. ing. These be made very interesting because he Old them naturally. He attributed hie early success to the fact that he tried to put his best into all his work thoughlie had had no train- ing alongthe line of teaching. He spoke of the many changes that be bad seen come, for instar_ce, when he was young no girl would be allowed to attend a high school or a 'univer- sity, or obtain a medical degree. He thought women teachers should re- ceive thesaine salaries as men receive for similar work. He suggested that teachers should develop individuality and especially build character. Teach- ers may have been remiss in teashing patriotism and that may be the rea- pupils had made appredable progress Miss Mary Culbert continued the sub - comfortable, and pay for in which they appear on tab the:1 lir. orderlSel They will 'keep your house wjecoutldantdearcehadthae '.6onne papienr themselves in' t h e and would follow largely the same saving of coal. method as outlined by the previous Order early spEelktherpapers showed that the essay - Beaver _Fibre Board Board The best of Wall Boards for ser- viceable interior decoration. W a r m, Bright and Sanitary, N. Cluff ti Sons SEAFORTH The PreAident then asked Dr. Sil- cox to take up his subject "Standard Tests for Public School Pupils." The necessity of Aaving some recognized standard to Measure the product of ist knew well how to teach Primary Reading. Miss Hetherington read a short and interestir.g paper on how to -teach spelling for Junior classes and gave a number of useful hints. Evenink Session. Inspector Tom occupied the ehair. Miss Mabel- Bailie delivered • the president's address, taking for her subject, "The Modern Teacher." After reviewing the groth. of the, educational system, she spoke the present meaning of education as the training of the individual for social service, a training for life. She thought the day had passed by when the farmer gave ate son an education and another son a farm. Now the farmer must educate both sons. Miss • the schools was pointed out. As the Bailie thought the boys and girls of expense increases the public will de- the city as well. as of the country /nand it. Severe; of the standard should have gardens of their own, tests already on the market,. for the because the training of garden work various subjects were exhibited and helps to mould the character of the explained. The only one yet reeog- and, therefore the teacher should nized by the Department is the Writ- be ready and able to teach agricul- ing Scale, but others will be in the ture. vised' each teacher to get book Since we are likely to have a new near future. Dr. Silcox strongly ad - "1 Canada after the war the modern "Canadian Standard Efficiency Tsts" and to have placed in the school 11- teacher should prepare for it. The brary a copy of Terman's "Measure- teacher should try to elevate the soc- ial life of the community. He should rnent of Intelligence," published by Houghton, Mifflin and Co. be an artist painting on the minde of Miss Brck, in. her address as Presi- the children, painting pictures that dent gave a descriptive talk on a sum- will never fade. The teacher should mer course she took last summer, be a friend of man. pointhig out the wisdom of attending The address was on a par with the one of the sum.mer sessions and of pre- best Presidents' addresses of former parir.g the work during the preceding year, She concluded by thanking the teachers tor the honor they had con- ferred on her by electing. her to the presidency. The convention was brought to a close by singbig the National Anthem. A. A. Naylor, Secy,-Treas. so. WEST HURON TEACHERS The following are the .minutes of the Fortieth Annual meeting of.the West Huron Teachers' AS9ciation: held in the Public Selinol, Meter. • The President, Miss Mabel A. Bailie, occupied tlae chair. The opening eaercises were con- ducted by Rete A. A. Trumper, rec- tor of Trivitt Memorial Church, paid to carrying out the spirit of the The minutes of .the last session in regulations on the part of Public School teachers, which result. he at- Goderih, on September 15th, 1916, were read and approved. tributes to the More thorough train- ing given them. • In High Schools A cemrhittee eo-nsisting of Messrs, McKay., Ross and Tom, Misses Vosper wonderful advancement has been anade in the teaching of Science and and Niggins, was appointed' to nom- inate officers for next year. Art, and more attention is being giv- en to Physical Culture and Agricul- Mise M. Oestreicher read an excell- ture. Teachers better understaed the ent paper on the Teaching of Writing. She claimed that writing was one of The members of the Institute con- the most important subjects on the aim of the Department. sidered themselves specially favored school curriulum, because of its in having with them Dr. Silcox, who conducted a very helpful conference on "The Problem of Time." By -CON paring the present course of study with that of thirty years ago, Dr. Sil- cox endeavored to show that there is no real' ground for the common coni - plaint among teachers of lack of time. In his opinion the real reason is a lack of knowledge of child mind, lack of effort, and general inability to save time. Spelling,, Arithmetic and Grammar usually receive more time thar• they should. The greatest waste and through nonattendance. Dr. teacher of -writing. and spoke very of time in rural schools is at the seats, Silcox's answer to the question, "How favorably of the general teaching of can time be economized in rural and the subject throughout the Inspector - urban schools?" is as follows: (a) by ate. punctuality and regular attemeance; A large class of children front the (b) by having fewer divisions and Exeter school trained by Miss Jean better grading.; (c. by good prepare- S. Murray, with their school songs tion; (d) by limiting the tune for a delighted everyone. specified amount of 'work; (e) by a- Mr. R. R. Redmond took up the dopting more definite standards; (f) His plan is to follow the training subject of Singing in the Schools. he reeeived in the Stratford Normal chool. M. Redmond has a piano in the school and thought other teach- ers could have one too if they took up music with their pupils so as to interest the people of the section. He thought the singing of the school sorgs helped the memory and fitted the pupils for after life. The discus- sion was continued. by the President and Inspector Tom who spoke in commendation of Mr. Redmond's ad- dress and his success in teaching music in school. Mr. Eadie, B.A., Principal of Exe- ter school, gave us a splendisl address on co-operation in educatitin, speak- ing of how we may have co-operation between teachers and. Inspectors, teachers and trustees as well as teach- ers. The keynote of his address was that criticism should be given and taken it. a wise and. kindly manner. The discussion was confined by Rev. Mr. Tnunmer and W. H. Johnston. use in later life. The teacher should aid. the child in acquiring a suit- pent. able business hand. The requisites To have success in teaching spelling being legibility, rapidity and beauty. oee must have considerable oral drill This can be acquired only under prop- in phonicts so the sound of the voice er conditions, such as good material recalls the letters in the word. Teach should see that the pupils sit prop- in as large imits as possible, Spell erly, during the -Writing lesson, she "amuse" not aera-u-s-e but "am -use." should never allow scribbling and she They leave only the tvto units to re - should teach how to write each letter member instead of more. Use words on progerly. Prdetice makes perfeet in cards for spelling for first and. Prim - writing . er classes. The discussion was continued by Inspector Tom followed, and add - Inspector Tom, • who paid a splendid ed _many useful hinth on teaching compliment to Miss Oestreicher as a primary reading and spelling. Mr. G. Mawson gave us some fine hints on teaching. These were: Give the pupils plenty to do, use the phon- ic tablets in teaching reading, don't go too fast for little ones, etc., all of what was said in a delightfully quaint and humorous way, calling for a continuoue stream of smiles and laughter, Mr. G. S. Howard and W. H. Johnston, delegates to the Ontario Educational Association, gave reports of the work done there. They spoke of the splendid addresses delivered and the helpful character of these ad- dresses, Mr, G. M. Elliott, Secretary of the Children's Aid Society, being present, was asked to speak- In a brief and in- teresting speech he told of the splen- did work the Society is doing. He ur ged the teachers to assist them by giving him information about any children who habitually remain away from school. Friday Forenoon. Prof. MeLarert of Guelph, spoke elo- VillY we have so many &ocher.% today. All were delighted with years. quently on "Play." He thought people the address and hope that Dr, Strang. had many antiquated ideas about play. will be oared many years to attend. Many people think we came into the world to work and only work, • but Prof. McLaren thought play was the breathilig of the 'soul. Play is a school of ethics, developing charac- ter. Play is God's method of develop- I proved. ing the child, the scheal is man'si Dr. Emery continued the subset of method. Again, play is a dimientivel Teaching Geography and showed how folklore. Also playing is a sign of the teaehers can help their pupils to. youth, While the absence of the spirit 'oberve the -phases of the moon, the o plasniaaesign .of teld agee•BAue•te vatialsions in the length Of Ike izig a large number of authorities he the appearance of the country, to showed tha.t play is sometimes learn the definitions, ete. thought of as the resultepf surplus The discussion was continued by energy, while in the thought of others Mr. Tom and the presidett emphas- , izing what Dr, Emery had said. play is the reproduction of the var- ious stages through which our fore- Inspector Tom spoke on the Im- provement of the Teachers' Work., fathers have passed in comhag up He gave many hints that were help - from a state of savagery to civiliza- tion. After the address Pof. Mc- ful, He advised teachers to be very Laren showed the teachers how to careful of the condition of the dos - play several games and a very pleas- ets, since the condition of the closets ant time was spent in this way. is indicative of the morals of the An instrumental duet by Misses school. He recommended the use of Bissett and Seldon, two solos by Miss Morng's Tablets atd the Spelling Moncur and a reading by Miss Mux- book very highly commended as a. -worthy added very materially to the means of teaching reading. More care enjoyment of the evenir.g. The sing- •should be taken to teach correct pro - closed a pleasant evening's entertain- ing of "God save our splendid men " nunciation. The pupils should read slowly and dxpressively . All lessons ib. the spelling book should be read, Mr. F. Ross spoke on The Teach- ers' Reading.-Course.and was followed'. by Inspector Tom, both saying theme was a large amount; of uncertainty re- garding the -matter. The Committe appoitted to re- port on Teachers' Libraries reported - as follows: The Comraittee recornmended that, Five or six centres in the Inspector- ate be named as the location of In- titute Libraries, and that the present library be divided tqually among these centres, to be a permanent library un- til this Institute see fit to Change a- round the books. That $100 he spent on new books, - a copy of each new book purchased for each centre. That, the Executive of the Inti- tute and three others, appointed by the President, with the Inspector ah chairman be a committee for the man- agement of these libraries. The report was adopted. Dr. Emery spoke on At, iculture and gave us an excellent address. He deplored that boys and girls are en- amoured of city life, thinking of farm. life as druggery ,and don't consider that the best people live in the cotm- try and the best life is lived there. He urged greater and still greater production. The teacher should teach the prin- ciples of farming. Farmers may -be successful and yet may` tot under- stand the correct principles' of fann- ing. If the boys find that fanning is a science they are likely to be drawn towards it. He placed a large value on Twee ship Fairs for schools. He would have country people as well as city people love nature and see the beauty of the sunsets, etc. 122 teachers were preseet, our Institute meetings. - Friday Afternoon The President, Miss Mabel Bailie,. in the chair. 'Forenoon minutes ap- must have an impression before we to next summer. can have expressipn. Hene, instead The Institute then adjourned to of giving rules for reading, teachers meet at 1.15 p.m. should try to get their pupils to come • into a sympathetic understanding of •Friday Afternoon. the selection to be read. The impor- The report of the Resolution Corn- tance of dramatic instinct as a factor mitte was received. and adopted, being for success in life was brought out as fonows: Resolved; and an earnest plea for its develop- A. . That the thanks of the Institute ment made. The principles of ex- be tendered to Mayor Thompson. for pression which should be known by his kind address of welcome, to St. the teacher, were given as follows: Paul' e -church for the use of Owen 1. Rhythm — A combination of Memorial Hall, to all those who con - Pause end Touch. tributed to our program during our 2. Melody—A combination of change meeting. and to those who assisted at of Pitch and Inflection. • the evening meeting in ma -king \that 3 Harmonye-A. combination of function Mach a grand success in ev- Tene-Color and Movement. • ery particular, and to the teachers "How the War Should Influence Our Clinton Model School for their excel - Schools for Effectiveness," was very lent exhibit of Art and Manual Work. ably discussed by Inspector Dr. Field 2. That we grant $5.00 to the 0. and Mr. B. S. Scott, of Brussels. The E. A. former, after stating that the war a- 3. " That we contribute the sum of rose because a military caste designed $200.00 to the British Red Cross. to extend its kultur and tyrarmy firet 4. That with reference to the over Europe and then. over the whole teaching of Agriculture we recom- world. and that Britain and her Allies mend teachers to follow the plan of are fighting for the right of free na- having school gardens, borne gardens lions to govern themselves and for the and school fairs as the proper .means sompec4000.0.0.0.04•0•400.04~400.0.040).041). total abolition -of all forms of govern- of -fulfilling the demands he this sub - ment that depend wholly on military ject. Thursday Afternoon The minutes of the forenodi ses- sion were read and. approved. Inspec- tor Tom introduced the subject "Ian- provemeet of the Teacher's Work," and gave a large amount of excell- ent advice, explaining among other things that the teacher should give particular attention to the library ventilation,heating, answering in classes seatitg, keeping pupils busy testing pupils' work, etc. Miss Etta jarrot read a splendid. paper 'on Reading for beginners. She said the teaching of primary reading presented many difficulties, but we are fortunate in having Morang's At the request of the President, Mr. Wm. McKay, Vice -President, oc- cupied the chair. The auditor's report, showing a bal- ance on hand of $134.68, was receiv- ed and adopted. The naminating committee suggest- ed the following names as officers for the Association, and on motion was adopted: Past President, Miss Mabel A. Bailie Auburn' . President, Miss Nellie Mdd, Woodham; Vice-Presi dent, R. R. Redmond, Beigrave, No. 1; SecretaryTeeasu' rer W. H. John- ston; Kippen; Couillors, Miss Con- stance Le Touzel, Gederich; Miss- C. M. Johnston, No. 5, Goderich; AM. Roberston, M.A., Goderich. Mr. J. II. Johnston, of Victoria School, Goderich, introudeed the sub- ject of The Formathm of Teachers' Professional Libraries and explained lucidly the government's regulations, compelling our Association to pur- last night's prog,ramme, and • chaThseeadi$s5c0uslishrionaryeaeyear. was coatinTh und bg4, ery. e singing of the National Inspector Tone Dr. Strang and others. Anthem brought a very sucesful meete A committee consisting of Messrs. 3.' ing to a close. The Honor Roll a our teachers who have enlisted was read and responded to by Inspector TOM for Robert W.. McIntosh, Robert II. Robinson and Lloyd Agnew; W. H. Johnston spoke for Roswell Dougall, Murray M. Fish- er, W. Henderson Forrest and ROY Geiger, -while Dr. Strang responde-d. for Orville R. White. Hearty votes of thanks were passedt thanking the Exeter School Board for the use of the school, the Exeter teachers for the excellent luncheon provided, the retiring ofneers of last Year, to all those who took part in