The Huron Expositor, 1872-02-09, Page 1FEB, 21 1872.
• Sainiwl Rennie, That1 the sitni of n20 be
gratited, to Frederick Damen, who nen
had his leg broken Mid is in indignat
circumstances, said sum to be in A. -
Flied's bands, to be paid as needed,
to —.Carried. Moved by john B. Geighee t.
seconded by Samuel Rennie, That th.
Treasurer refund to •Leenarcl M,eTagart;
the gem of $30 13 back taxes, he having••
been charged the same ermuiously ont
village iota 301,. 303 and 304, Francis -
1r tawn.—Carried. Moved by Peter Si
• Geigneet meconned by Samuel Rennie'.
that the Ktowing accounts be paid, viz e,
John Wein superintending in gravel pit.,
104 days, Sio- 50; Geo. McLeod, gravel, $2 $2 90; Dougall Smith, ditching: ,
on leen cnn, $15 ; Win. Wilson,
Registrar, $n In --Carried. Moved byd
.sanauel Pantile, seconded by Peter Se
e deiglier, That Intim Carrick be authoriz-
1 ed to sell. the -timber on road 'allowance
a between the 4th and 5th, concessions.,
opposite leta 6 to 20 inctusiverriede
e Moved by Wm. Carrick, -seconded by
Pete zt,„ Geigh.er, mat the petition of .
drawly and others, asking the use--
, of tte Town Hall for holding the weekly ,
'meetings of the temperance lodge, be
granted for three months so as to give _
them time to provide a- more suitable
plaee for the purpose.—Carried, Moved
by Samuel Rennie, seconded by Peter S..
Geigher, That the meetings of this Conne-
ll beheld. regularly on tlre'first Tuesday
1 of each month, next meeting to be ore.
lie first Tuesday of February next, arien
at. the Council do now. adjoin -men •
armed.
Wen Weresced, Clerk.
Lake -Int -
dn
• v:Seetoce, Iforse.—The Trnatees of
ehoI Section, No. 2, Howick, ask for
enders for a new School House; which'
they 'littered to bnild 'tide year.,
I PATEN RIGHM - Q11, e of our most:
1. esteemed citizens has been caugnt nythe
'endatenteltight &whiffle.
' - Harrinnon, 7
TIM _WOODS, the. average depth of
ia 21 feet.
, IXVISION COURT. —011 the 26th ult
the court wee held in Allan's Hall. The
dey was busy, there -being 25 cases- dis-
posed of, There is- an openingfor a good. -
1awer here,
Fowl- Ilmns.—Thispoint on the Wel-
ninetoe Grey and 'Bruce Railway has
been the scene of a desperate struggle
since the 22nd ult., where the freight.
train which left for Walkerton got off the, -
track, Forty men, were employed all of
-
last -week at this entting. On Saturday
eveuieg they- !nought back the engine -
tender and seven cars. They have gone
neck this week for the ot,her three cars_
In seine places -the track was covered six
inches with:quick-sand. The Inspector -
Lhinits it will be a difficult jab- to run
trains to Walkerton this season, on ac -
tut of the track not biting ballasted
el run en this winter. Trains going
1.est have run very regular -Iv, encounter -
lig but few difficulties which could not
ie avoided coneidering the state of the
'mut and the late stoney weather,
. NEW ENTERPRISE. —A few days ago a
ttbscriptiorn paper passed aroma towo,
or the purpose of raising money to buy
steam whistle, which is to be put on
'metals Bros', boiler, and to be blown
ix times daily (Sandays excepted).
aow au -ay, liarriStOn is bouncl to be.
tiara in- the distance.
COUNCIL MEE.TING. —The Minto Corm -
1 met in Allan's Hail, on Monday, 29tli
Lt., nothing beyond, the ordinary busi--
ns was tranacted;
SAwJOIN-G.--There has been a large
isiness in sasenoeging done here this
Mter. The two °steem new mills whieh
Lve beero in constant operation all:
inter, have in their yards to -day over
e000 logs -
DwELLING ,HOUSES.—Ws is one of -
e scarcest -contraoditiee in this place.
any_ of the larger honses contain two
,d three families. Your correspondent
s been ori the look out for a hoe for
me time, and at last found that m Mr.
enan going to leave towe, went to look
or his house, butt found Mr. id 'rented
:three months Wgo, tried to get B's.
nem but C secured it and. so on, till
. arrived at the 14th house which wan -
den shanty at the railway. He then-
ve up in despair.
Zurich. ,
Leman—A certein widow lady in our
-
net has for he nest few days kept the -
lege gossips in rather more than the
' _glary amount of news. A few days
•-xerspertain hotel keeper and the said
br Hannened to come in contact, when
received from 'him, according to her
o a tirade of the most diegustiney
L. , e Iangrtiage. She, of equine, resent-
, - , anu to obtain satisfactionbrought
caSe before. & certain J. P. in the
Age of Exeter. The case was dis-
sect with coats, not at all to the satise .
tioe of the prosecutrix, who, thinkiner
seif wrouged, intends, we understand,
appeal to higher authority.. Your
respondent refrains from givinh
aes or a felt eynepais of the proceed-
, as it weuld refloat no credit en
er party and the cause of dispute hem'
ceached in the 'not filthy and dis-
ng language, would not grace your.
RS,
:t.c!IDENT.—On Monday last, as Mr.
. Wilson, teacher, was delving a
t of strewinto his bare, sitting upon.
;toed, he was pressed between the.
et above the door and the biaaing,
•• on the load. 'W lieu he first received
. . .
nentry, it 'wee feared that he .was-
eusly braised, but medical _exanainne .
?tared that some of the ribs were
turett alia .pzessed ao\v-n frere the
(et bone, which, with the exception
lme slight bruises were all the min-
snetained. He is deism well and is
e td to be around, in a few days.
'EANf ON TIM Foam —Mr, Btrrie,
ine Mee this winter added to his well
.regi estanlishneent a Paw stationary
n engines-- t0 home power—lmilt by
Meandloch & of (41.1t. With
as we understand, he
ark of threshine, sawing tire wood,
eaving hie horses from -work which
etoricmsly severe, and having his
Acme at a small cost ; we have no
d of bus iliVeiitItlellt being agoolone,
miggratulate Mr. Barrie upon being
of our first itianeers in famishing
.if with steam power for his own
ne use ea the Terme—neck Reporter.
rr came from all parts of the C01111--
4ent nonars worth of Frank Pan
e‘e phetegraphe and are hiffray Hatis-
; Only per dozen. Scoit's
nth.
flee you are in Seaforth, just run
nrank Paltringe'e Photograph Gale
etwid: do your heart goon Only $1
omit. neott's Nook, Seaferth.
0.
hameetratE 5, NO. 10.
W1101.E NO., 21S. y
SEAFORICIfy FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1872.
ititt (gurrin expolitor
, PUBLISHED
EVERY FRIDAY MORNING,
*IN SEAFORTH.
ThltnS.—eg.50 poi' year in advance,ior $2 at the
end of the year. -1
• I
• I
Advertising Bates:
TRANSIENT. ,
Firat inseriim, per line, 8 Cents ; subsequent in
sertions, 2 cents each time, per:line.
CONTRACT ILATES.
One column one year -
" " half "
", if 3 months
Oneyear ...... . ...
_nee tio
35' ,
20.00
85 00',.t
20 60'•
" " 3 months 12 001.
One-fourth one 'year .2000
,' ' half, " `
g 12 00 .
" 3 Months 8 00 -
One -eighth one year m. 0.0,
• half " ..... • .. 6 ...... . • • • • - 8 00 ,
" " 3. months .....:..... . : .. . , 5 eo
One -twelfth one year 8 00
i ,halt " , 5 00-
" " `-. 8 months 8 00 *
Business Cards, (6 lines and under, V year.. 4 00
Advertiseinents of Strayed, Lost, Found, &c.,
not exceeding 10 linee—firstanontli, ;$1.,; after first
month, 50 cents each month.' •'
Advertikernents el FARMS and REAL ESTATE
for sale, not exceedinfr 15 lines—first mouth, .$1 50;
each subsequent mouth, 75 cents.
Birdie, Ma.niages, Deaths --Gratis.
Advertisements without 'apecific `direetions will
be inserted till forbid, and charged accordingly.
' 31eLEAN BROTARRS,
'ilfusno Y. McLEAN, 1 t Publithers.
ALLAN MCLEAN.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
MEDICAL.
lee 0, FAIR,1M. D., hfember Royal College Sur-
geons and Licentiate Royal College Physicians,
Mara-sunofr; Licentiate of Midwifery ; . (Lately
from St Thomas's Hospital, London, England,
and. the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh.) Office and
' itesidence—Dr. Vercoe's old stand, SuaronTn.
Calls promptli attended to at all hours. 216*
ar. D., Graduate of Tieto-
--•--' ria Physaciau, Surgeon. etc.. etc.,
.8.11‘triurtx, ONT.-1,--Coronet of the County of Huron.
Office and residence, at.,Thompson & Stanley's.
DR* W. IL S3IT11,_ Physiciat, Surgeon, 'etc. -
Office—Opposite Stiott Robertson's , Grocery,
Main street, Seafortk. 53
TOFFS STEWART, M. DA C. M., Graduate of
" McGill, University, Montreal, Physician, Sur-
geon, ete. Office aRdjtesideneo—Bruce eld.
IT L. vencon, M; C. M., Plays cf Sur-
-A -a" geon, eta. Mee and Residence corner of
Market and High streets, next to the Planing Mill.
DB. CAMPBELL, Coroner for the County. Office
and Residence, overCerby's corner store, Main
street, Seaforth. Office hours, from 11 w 4, oath
day, and all day Satatialay. 159
OAL.
M. LEET, Solicitor, Wingham, has been ap-
" • pointed Agent for the Colonial Securities Cora-
/in/1y of England, he is also Agent for several prir
vete Capitaists of Toronto, who loan Money at
very reasonable rates. Interest egindee• yearly.
Charges moderate.
Winghtma, :Dec. 15, 1871. -213
AircCAUGHEY & IfOLMESTED, Barristers,' At.
tOrneys at Law, Solieitors in Clabncery and
Insolveney, Notaries Public and Conveyancers.
Solicitors for the R. C. Bank, Seaforth. Agents for
the Canada Life Assuranee:Company, •
N. E.—V-30,000 to lend at 8 per cent, Farms,
f Houses and Lots for sale. 53
iDaENSON & -MEYER, Barristers and Attorneys
tit Law, Solieitore in Clumeery and Insolvency,
Conveyancers, Notaries Public, etc.- Oftices---Sea•-•
• forth and Wroxeterf Agents for the Trust and Loan
Co. of Upper Canada, end the Colonial ,Securities
Co. of Loudon, England. Money. at 8 per ceut. ; no
voinmission. ehargeil.
• 53
JAS. He BE;NSON. W. C. .DiEY1t;
11011.`ELS.
lf.(1%1OX'S HOTEL, (Late Sharp's.) The under-
signed beet; to thank the public for the liberal
Apatronage awarded to him in times past in the
hotel business, and also to inform them thathe has
Armin resumed business in tlie above stand, where
he will be happy to have a call from old friends,
and many new ones.
126 THOMAS ENOX,
PRINCE OF WALES HOTEL, Clinton, Out.,
0. j. McCUTCHEON, Proprietor. First-class
-a.ccommodation for travelleis. The Bar is sup-
plied with the very best liquors and Good
'stabling attached. The stage heregg this House
every day for Winghani. • 204-4
EXCHANGE HOTEL, Goderich, Ont.,
J. CALLAWAY, Proprietor ; J. S. WILLIAms, ( te
of American Hotel, Warsaw, N. Y.,) Manager. This
hotel has recently been newly furnished, and re-
fitted throughout, and is now one of the most com-
fortable and comniodions in the Province. Good
Samiple Rooms for Commercial Travellers.
Ter111:4 123
SICEI.LAN E OVS. _
m, A.- SHARP'S LIVERY e SALE STABLES..
Office -At Murray's Ho ,l,;Seaforth. Good
Horses and first-class Convey ces 'always on hand. -
SHARP'S LIVERY STABLE, mem STREET,
" Sesforth. First-elas0-Horses and Caniages
always on hand at reasonable terms.
R. L. SHARP, Propridtor. -
JOHN RRIGHAM, Exchange Broker, and Rail-
" way Ticket Agent, HoUghton's Hotel, opposite
G T. Railway Station; Seaforth, Out. Throngh
Tickets issued to all points in the Weiftern States,
California and Red River, at reducelsates, affording
the grmtest facilities to Emigrants. All necessary
information given respeuting Land Agencies, etc.
Greenbaelts, Bonds, Coupons and uncutirentMoneY,
fiald mud Silver Coin, bought and sold at best rates.
-
R. COOPER, Conveyancer, Connu•ssioner in
- Queen's Bench, Insurance and Gent ral Ag*ent.'
Agent for the following Fire, Life . and cident In-
surance Companies: The Beaver and. Toronto h[u.-
teal and the 'Western Fire Insurance Companies,
the Reliante Life Assnranee, and the mottera
amoalle0 Company.
MONEY TO LOAN on real estate security.
• All orders by mail or otherwise promptly attend-
ed to. Oilice, opposite Ross' Tailor Shop,
.186-tf AINLEYV1LLE.
_
rr S. CHURCHILL, VETERINARY SURCrE ON
-I- • (Member of. the Ontario Veterinary College.)
bogs to intimate to the iuhabitants of- Sea forth
And surrounding country, that he has opened. an
'Office -S.affortli, where he may he consulted per.
•.i;onally or by letter, on the Diseases of Horses, Cat-
ete. Having received tv regular and practical
ede cation. and having been awarded the Diploma
Vetcl Mary College of Ontario, T. J: Churchill
. every confidence of giving 4fatialaction to all
who catty employ him.-
'rioRWriti:Nces—A. Smith, V. S., Principal "Onta-
\'‘'t terimery College;, Professor Bucklaod,
Thorbizrn, Dr. Bowel, and Wells, M. D., & V. S.
Vetenarr Medicines constantly cm hand.
All calls promptly attended to.
- tfailice—tAanielittePs Seaforth. % - 182-2m
NOtICE.
T Hemitoe caution 'and forbid all ,nud sundry
-A- tignM4 nezotiating or buying ft certain Note ol
Hand for 'the tann of $188, made by James Swift.-
erton and Benjamin Swinerton, -ftiVer of Allan
Hobson or 15earer, due sometime in the.firat of this
month, (the name Allan Hobson was endorsed on
the beak of the note,) as the said note has been
paid; and has been lOst,or stolen within the last
three weeks.
fAMES SWINERTON.
Township of gay, Yen, ;A 1871, t217-3*
•.CORR'ELATION OF THE FOCES.
A. Short 'Exposit n of the Ne Thep
..otifa:IFseoPrce, rsesis, Kt tatedennnedZrocrir elnwteiont
ers' on of SouIIi, llurn
Velbrnary 2, by P.. 14
The inbject on ,which 1. propose to a
dress you- this esrening is one which
present is receiving the deepest attenti
from the leading hiloeophicall thinkc
ifd the age, , It is.: a discoveiy nvhi
eends to lift the rrent of scientific e
neutry froin the few depths of ma erialis
na- elevate .the character o hum
lihought, by theno Anne proofs W ichit
nordseof the exinte ce nature of powe
and forces whose origin we caiinot co
qsrehencl, and •whose manifestations,
'nation, the more closely.theyeare inves
`gated, ooly the more clearly demonstra
their supernatural character. 'Thus do
the pursuit of real knewledgeo-the ear
•eennintiring seam after truth in natu
—reward the ea -en at Worker by openiti
to his reason a im e and certain prcof
thedivine origin the unineesee :
Tt show you ho ireportant this
mystery is consider d, 1 may statethat.
his 'opening tiddr ss before the-Bidtis
Asseciation for t e Advanceinent
Science, in 1869, t e 'President remarke
thatthe new view of the correlation ai
conse vation. th forces consti ute ti
i
most important& covery of th prese
eentu y. In 43rde to realize he nil
value of this staten entwe must, onsid
first ow prolific . his century as bee
in gr disconeri s and then consid
the h gh authority rom which the state-
/
rnent comes and ,z he\ character of the -
audience to whom t was made. r
I give you this q iotetion \ to show you
that however feetd. may be my effort to
expound it, the su jeet .itself is one of
the grandest diem er, one. most worthy
of your earliest at ention and most lire
to reward you for a y attention you may
give it,. by the wi e field of knowledge
rY
01
I1.
11,
411.
cl-
nt
on
rs
ch
111,
an
rs
m-
in
ti-
te
es
n -
re
•
of
s-.
cl
e -t
111. emciot
ij
awt hshser Teei
are
pert
motipn. In +ler to .
cept 011 of the., theory
com rehend and recog
none I shall endeavor
of th leading nhenorne
Taking first light as ou
am tint it)f any one of =the forces without
hae ing 1 recourse to
foree. Thus to, prodt
en ue of form acti
to ave recourse to
wh ch natu
eit er in the
the remeins
om.e 'preexisting
ce heist, our grent
n, are oblig 1
he stbres of fu
1
e has ac mmuleted for un
coal depo its, winch are but
vegetable growth,'
st, which is only
the heat ann light
the sun, and are
iture use. Mien
ffect • appears, we
same that it was
e from nothing ;
must not conclude
We must sca,reh
e and whither it
t produced it and
produced.
ad train in motion
tion of the mutu-
ancl motion. We
•u of heat by the
1, this heat pro -
ion of the parti-
the form of that
am, this in turn,
sive motion. pre-
. .
f former
or ia the gr. Wing for
a li ine rece tack for
whiich -come to us fro
the ein store I .up for f
the *fore a
are not at lil
self originate
whan it disai pears we
the, it is an , ihilated
and find wh e ice it con
has gone--th
wh t effect i
'hen we
we
al c
hay
coin
duc• e an exp
cles of water,
fluic into va
by. rtue of
dem s the. mo
turn the dr
the rain. int
whe
.mec
che
orce or
erty to a
or ea
t is, wh.
'has itael
-ie a railr
lave a go el illestr
nvertibil•ty of hea
.first th pronucti
nation f the fu
nsive rao
changing
.or .or st
its 'expa
• ement of the piston which
ving wh els and forces the
• onward •motion.
applied, and the
jelly arrested or
original form, of
mat again reauni-
f the brakes and
whicb. it opens to .nour yienr. The pro-
.
rites& of scieuce toevarns .the conception
e
of the preseet then y of the fore, may
be briefly -sketched iethishway :1 . .
Fi t, in astronoi I We find the purely
Olater'41,idea of soli 'chrystaline spheres
_ammo ting the: .he eenly bodies in their
orbits Then , the •ehunsy mechanical
idea n- Wheel wor c. Then Descartes'
subtl conception of etherial 'currents
const ntly whirlinn mind in vortices and
cal g along the b -evenly bodies. Then
Newt ins grand dis overy by, which all
these elude device wereestruck away
and . • he 'nevem?, s .of the heavenly
bodies were. found t be governed by one
rariiveesal inneater el forge which he
called gravitation -.4a force whose laws
le investigated- a d expounded with
a -profoundness and ininifte 'accuracy
whieh have made im the wonder and
admhation of succe ding generatioes. '
Bnt What- May e . censideredi even A •
greater, tep tower the elevation of
science . into ' the ti inneterial erder of
thought, is that winch. dawned. vein the
wean ;through the labors .of Lavoisier
near ..eles end of th last century, whein
he 4'e -covered the inclestenctibility of
matten, wheir it 1 s • revealed by the
cheiniet's Scale that 't was impossible for
man :either to create or to destroy one '
shigleatoma-that matter, theugh it may
be made to change, through an almost
endless variety of forms vanishing and
P
. g 1
reappearing incessantly —.. never wears
out or vamshes-intoothing, This was
the discovery whiehfirst gave a real
for th chemicel anelyst to account in
.1:1
'world's
value, in the work of the
world's progress, to he seienceof chemis-
try. :Tins is what makes it eecessary
his 'result for every atom of the substance .
submitted to his tet, and thus give a
real. substantial velne to experimental
enquiries, which pi4mously were only a
•...• , • , •
sorb of groping in the dank.
What Lavoisier's discovery was to the
. , .
,
student Of matter, the discovery which
I am about to endeavor to expound is
to the student of the forces of nature.
And the Present age will be memorable
in the histOry of science nomhaving der
.monetrated that the same greatmeiricn
ple of indeetructinility -applies also to
the forces, and for the establishment' of a
new philosophy concerning their nature
and reletione. By the word force or the
forces is. meant, heat light, electricity or
magnetism and gravitation or gravity in
-action; end by the te rns 'persistence ann.
coinnation of these rces,-it is intelide
te convey the idea that all these man
festations: aiv• only modificetions of on
force, Perya,ding the universe, indestruhe-
ible and nnereatablel by man, the total
quantity •ef which is always eonStant
ancl ecitial, however portions of it may
vary or. eimeme the form of its appear -
mice to use That all these forces are
muteally correlative end cohvertible the
one into the other, and vice versa, but
that- eo particle of any one of them is
even lost -or createn by man, howeyer
e may change their forms or make them
w
subservient to out eses. ,.
V .
•
Up to quite , a recent period; heat,
light,- and electricity -were regarded as
matter in extremely isebtle forms, they
Were called impondera,bles, or *nes
e .
that could not be NStallghed, fluids /With
certain properties. This new theory dis-
cards_ the idea. of the r being subetances
of any nind and rega •ds them simply as
I I ModeS of -motion" i ordinary matter,
•
films of energy whicl are mutually COD-
„ArGrtible, the one Mt the other. -MILS
heat' is 'considered t be a form of en-
ergy manifested to be. senses by eertein
effects; Light and; electricity are simi-
larly regarded as ferns of energy mani-
fested by other and different effects, but
still convertable into each other. Heat
may. be °halted at wilt either into lighn,
elech•icity, or mechanical motion, whieh
is but- another form lof eneity, being a.
motion. of masses, and again mechanical
motion may be el aimed into heat,
light, or electricity, whicli is regarded to
be a Motion- of the at ms of matter, and
again electrieity iney ie turned back into
mech arnica'. motion. 1 these changes
aye subjeet to rigid aws of quantity, a
given amount of , any one of the forces
will only produce a c rtain fixed quan-
tity of the other for or forces. We
cannot sets into ac ion the smallest
the brrekns are
anieal motion par
ked, we find the
Me which .we -call
rough the friction
h eels.:
fundmeental
h this theory of' t
te that heat, ligh
ot separate entitle
es of metter, butmaimply modes of
ave a clear con-
e must fleet fully-
lize this proposi.
O give you efew
a in illustratinn.
subject, we find
t Bourne of light,
er hew it is.,con-
that 1um0?.ry
agrees witti, .1111
ght asserte,that
to us by iieans of extinine-
ations of an ether or
p rvadieg the in -
Aces,. tha on meeting the
which surrounds the
of the indulationn are
he slowe
to the au
heat and
meeti
O earth i
e is still
f electri
be in
globe.
roposition upon
e forces is based
, and electricity .
or forms, or pro
-
th at
and
veye
The
kno
it is
ly r
tenu
terp
dens
eartl
cha»
heat
She Finn ie the gre
• e are led to consi
to our .,•arth fro
theory -fillet best
phenonaena of 1
onyeyed
pid tind.0
tee atm°
anetory s
r medin
portion
ed into
and cOme
in the forms o
supposed that
er m einun of t
part of the for
into he form
is found to
thro ghout .th
coov rtibility f light '
Chan eel motioh, I inay
z
1.
kno .n experip ent of pl
fereet colored nieces- of
thickness and texture a
ed td the direct rays° of
blac
abso
veys
heat
lypromd
force
. cloth, which has
bing the whole -.0
the foree, in the
to the sn w on whi
lts itand sinks to
cing • hea and in
which c me to it
• undulations of
face of the earth
ight It je ails°
g the stillndene-
eelf, the greater
rther nendined.
ity, whiendnotee
oustant
o illiistr* the
to heat and. 4-
ention theavell;
cing several cite
' r
great as the quantity required to raise
.
a pound of mercury to the same temptra-
titre. This .was called the capacley of
the bodies for heat. Water was, suppos-
ed to possess the power of storing up 'he
colorie or matter of heat, of hiding it to
such an extent that it required thi ty
measures of this caloric to produce he
same seneible effect on it that one me s-
ure would produce on the mercury. In
reconcile this production of heat by f in
tion with the atomic theory, it as
necessary to conceive that all the h at
generated )3,r any mechanical action p e-
viously existed in the matter used. It
is a fact that all substances possess 1 a
greater or less. degree this appar ut
•poWer of stmiug up heat, but when i, is
considered that an unlimited. supply of
heat can be evolved gm continual fricton
lieye that all the heat produced by the
of the same bodies, we are forced to d-
minthat tliese bodies should possess n
unlimited supply ot latent heat. Thins
if we consi ler Dr. Joule's ex.periment or
ascertainin the mechanical eqeival, nt
of heat, if we wanted to meintain the
material t eory we would have to be -
friction of he water against the padcll,es
existed (M the latent form) either in t le
water or in the wood, an absurd sup-
position. The experiment of. a
Joule is performed in this Inas:111er : A
water -tight box closed on - ail sides, is
provided esith an axle having projecting
blades like 'paddles, these are set in Mo-
eion by me ns of a weight attached to a
cord outsid .., working like a clock dreiglit,
and it is a certained that there is an ex-
act eelatio between the increased tem-
perature o the water within the box
rom the motion of tbe paddles and the
ammmt of force applied by means of the
weight; thiat a weight of 772 pounds
falling thwegh one foot of space is
capable of raising one pound of water
through one degree of temperature, and
this measure is called the mechanical
equivalent of heat, it being also found
that the quantity of heat given off by
the. cooling of one pound of. water one
degree is able to raise - 772 , pounds
through eine foot of space. Now, if the
weight be allowed to fall for a long time
and the peddles kept in motion, the
waterin the box would after some time
be brought to the boiling point and fin-
ally converted into steam, which would
again= be _capable of producing mechanical
tion. ,The materialists teach us that
la1,111) the heat produced in this experimeut
existed iii Cie- water, or wood of the box,
in the latent form. The dynamical
theory teaches that the heat is merely A
ANEW
BROTHERS, Publishers.,
50 Year, advance.
AIIIIIIIIIIIIIIISINION15111.111111111111110moomesommmaimmus
ent for . A clOse analogy is found to
exist be ween the motions of the atoms
of sonds under the inference of heat, and
those of the planets and satelites under
the influerice of gravitation and planet;
ary prrjectile force. And the known
fact of the mutual convertibility of me-
chanical motion and heat gives rise to
the prsen theory as to the means
by whic the SIM'S com.bustion is unis
formly aintained. It is known that
whenev r mrchanical motion of any
kind I suddenly al. -rested loan- is
largely evolved, tnus when any
hard substance is violently brought in
contact kwith another, both are heated.
of lead fail from a considerable
an anvil, -the lead will behmde
also the iron. A blacksmith
a piece of iron red hot by re
-
lows with his hammer.• The
of these phenchnena vanishes,
we grasp the perfect conceit -
e idea that heat is not a. thing
If a ball
height in
hot and
can mak
peaten
mystery
when oia
tion of t
not a subatance, but simply a mode or
manner f motion, a form of force in ac-
tion. S
tinned i
the serf
it is conceived that the con -
pact of cosmical matter upon
of the sun tie capable of ac-
counting for the continued combustion to
which we are indebted for the light and
heat we inceive from that lutninary. It
is known that the interplanetary spaces •
are largely occupied by cosmical matter
in the shape of aerolites, or detached,
masses of matter similar to the matter
cornposin our. earth. These a.crolites
occa,siona y come within the spliere of
the earth attraction, and are drawn in-
to the earth's atmosphere,_ where they
assume the appearance of falling or
shooting stars. The effect ,of the
contact of these bodies with our
atmosphe e is to change a .por-
tion ,of the force with which
they were moving into heat, and, by
means of this heat they are ;let on fire
and present the appearance of shooting
stain. When the bodies- are small they
are entirely consumed or changed into
vapor before reaching the earth, on the
othenhan 1, when they are large enou h
to resist t
tion wit
fall upon
cork stone
e heat produced by their free -
the earth's atmonplorre, they
he earth in the shape of mal-
e or aerolites. When. bodies re-
volve round. a centre in resisting' medium,
such as the etber which is iltippoeed. to
-occupy the interplanetary eptiees, their
orbits are gradually diminished in di-
ameter until at last they come within the
distance where the sun's direct'attraction
overcomes the force which Was tnipelling
them in tl eir -orbits, Audi lte7 fall with im-
modification of the mechanicil force mense velecity into the sun s Mass ,thus-
,
whiCh was first applied in the raising of supplying. him with a constant ilOw of
tire weight. In this experiment we fuel to suStein his conibustion.ddi have
have, I think, the cleanest exposition now brie
possible of the two theories of heat, one the inutu
maintaining that it is an imponderable heat, and
substance existing in matter, the other electricity
that it is merely a mode of nnotion, a
form of force in action.
loth of the sante
the snow expo -
sunlight. The -
the property- of ,
the light, con.
eddied form of
h it lies, rapid -
he ground, thue
tion oet of the •
in the form of
Several of the older Philosophers ap-
pea,r to have had glinipses of this theory
,of heat, but it remained for the modern
:Jexperimentalist to bring it to its present
ligne ; the oth colors. s'nk in th t same
way, but more slowly .a they approach
the int of -iv. wh eh -reflects the
whole of the ight wit mut convertino
any, 'and whie remains
level and does tot melt ,
Arso in green, ouses, r
rays of hesunare par-
• into h at • by passing,
SS, the glass being a. dens -
n the attasphere, con-
verts a larger proportiou of the undulam
-none into the slower undulations of heat, -
and these undulations am communicated
1 with h
14
we t that th
tially -converte
throt gli the gl,
er medium th
mmts original
ny of the semn
°fed with glass,
aonsw e lightto.t
gree house, s imulatin
rapi develope eat. B
,
burn ig glass, or conye
cone ntrate the rays of
Where their for is imme
hat of AC iv e .Coml
ufneroas
ate relatio
and heat,
ility, whi
e to enia
into
are
iutiru
light
verti
mit
'condition of I•ctital demonstration.
Beacon says in the 20th aphorism of his
” N.ovum .Organum :1"` When I say of
motionthat it is the genus of which heat
is a species I would be uoderstood to
mean, eat that heat generates motion, or
that mption generates heat (though both
are true in certain cases), but that heat
itself, its essence and quidity is motion
and nothing else, &c.
Locke Also stated a similar view of the
nature of heat. "Heat," he says "is a
Very )risk agitation of the iasensible
parts of the object, which produces in ue
that sensation from whence we denomi-
nate the object hot; so what in our sem
sation heat, in the object is nothing
but motion." .
Sir Huinphrey Davy, the great Enee
le plants in the lish chemist, held a smular view. In his
them to more Chemical :Philosophy, pp. 94 and 95, he
means of the says : •
- lens, we can "Since'.all platter may be made to fill
liately changed that the par icles of matter must have
ght to a tocus, a smaller, slice by cooling, it is evident •
ustion. There space between them; and since every-
ther illu tratioes of the,
s which exist between
and of t. eir mutual -con -
h my limts will not per-
ge upon. Suffice. it to
say ae this po c that th result. if most
caret 'it inveeee ation by xperiment sus-
tains. the iclea hat ligh ann heat .are.
both illy- made of mono or of " force
in ac ion."
Th form of f rce whic next presents
itself for • mir nsideratien is that called.
" he, " . I pr nose to a de your atten
tier): for a few Mutes, while I briefly
indicate the tw theories , s to the nature
of h at which at preset t occupy the
scien ific World - • Until quite recently .
what s called t e materi 1 theore Of the
nater • of heat was vet generally re-
ceives by scion ific men, and is, indeed,
yet r • cognized y some leeding teachers,
-as we find . Ryers " Element-
ary C ministry or the e of Schools"
some eepi•essioi s, that Ise uld lead to the
suppo •ition tha he still I phonls it -He
speak �f eubstauces mbieing with
" cal no," as if caloric 'IN ere. a separate
and. r cogniza,b1 entity, n idea which
is utt rlyaliscan led by 1 e new theory
of the forets. The- 3. tenet theory
..suppoms heat t be -a kilt of matter—a
subtl fluid,. stored the Monate-
mic s taces of b. dies, or i het substance
Whose entrance into ou • bodies causes
the sensation of ht mid its
exit the 'sells Ilion . cold. This
theory also se pposee th at heat
nimbi les with bre ICS - one
pondenable subs once do With another,
and men y emine 'chum -ts have treated
th e subject iron this . poi
was herd to reeo mile eon
phenomena of . mat. wi 1
The pronnetion if heat b
great difficulty, na,smue.
ed to liieho limit -to the ex
ply—it was explained up
tion that differe t bodie
'pds-vtr .of oontaiting late
la
heat • what w called
As fo instane , water
The e solute q entity o
to raise one poin d of wa
of tem erature a fully
body can. coi mmficatethe power of ex
:
pension to a body of lower temperatur
—that is, ca give an expansive mono
to its Particles, it is a probable inferenc
that its own' particles are possessed o
motion; but as there is no change in th
position of it parts,. so long as its tern
1
perature is m iform, the motion, if it ex
ists; must be a vibratory or undulatory
motion, or m motioe 'of the , particle
round their akes, or a motion of the par
ticlee round e ch other. It seems. pos
sible to accou t for all the phenomena o
heat, if it be upposen that in solids all
the particles , re in a constant state._ of
vibratory mo ion, the particles of the
hottest bailie, moving with the greatest
velocity and through the greatest space;
that in fluid and elastic fluids besidee
the vibrator motion, • which -must be
conceived gre test in the list, the par-
ticles have a motion round their own
'axes with dil erent velocitine the par-
ticles of elasti • fluids. moving with the
greenest muck ess, and tnat in .etherial
substances, the particles :move round
their own axe and separate from each
other, penetra ing in righe liens through
Space. Temp eeture - :M&y. tee -conceived
e veloeitn nf the vibra-
tions ; innreas odcepacity; oe th e motion
d in greaten •spade ; and
of tehmeratifre daring
or eolide • into fluids or
explained. on the idea of
y indicated the oew.ileory of
1- convertibility of 'light and
it renrains to inc to show how
or magnetism is also another
form of motion conveetinle at will into
either of the other two form en _force iia
action. You are familiar with the electro
magnet, s as. physicians use for pro -
rents of electricity by means
or motion. Now, if this cur -
clueing cu
of its rota
rent of lectricity be passed through .
water, th water is decomposed into its
elementar gess, oxygen and hydrogen,
if the oxy en be passed upon a pencil of
magnesia in combustion, with hydrogen, '
a very brilliantlight is produced with a
good deal of heat. , If this light and
heat be ap liecrto the boiling of water a
certain a ount of mechanical force is
-ri
produced, tat not enough to drive the
original el aft) magnet, because of the
heat whin is radiated or given off into
space by t le apparatus during the differ-
ent proees es.
The beeutiful model steam engine
whieh is n w before you would have en-
a,bled me t produce for your amusement
several of the methods of converting
one force Ito another, had it arrived in
time for u to get the various apparatus
together. This engine, which is about
one sixth Of a horse power, and is a per-
fect low p essure or condensing engine
with wain ng beam, fly wheel, driving
wheel and all the necessary pumps and
valves in perfect workin order, was
- , constructe by our friend fr. Malcom,
e i when quite a young man. Mr. nIalcom e
n I wits kind enough to send. to Peterborough 8
Canada.
Small -pox e is alernaiimny preyarent
among he German settlers in Brant
township, County of Bruce.
— The amount of cheese exported to
the Iluited States from Canada, in 1871
an cheeee. This gratifying change is
was 1,27 t 634 boxes, or 88,777 boxes more
than in he previous year, Five -years
ago we were large consumers of Amerie-
chiefly due to the factory system which
his been introdueed from the • Tinited
States arid found to work 'exceedingly
well. We now compete miccessfully
with the people of that conatry in the
English mark -et
— Two linxes; which had made great
havoc among the she* in the townships
of Luther and Egremont, were killed.
last week. • .
.
— Mount Porest is petitioning to have
thenownships of Proton, Egremont and
Normanby, in Grey, and • certain others
ie. Wellingten, set off its a new comity,
of which it shall be tne county seat.
Harriston, also cherishes ambitious long-
ings for capital' honor.
—The Suit of Hon. E. Leonard, to set
aside thel election of the new Board of
the London and Port Stanley Railway,
came up•for hearing on Monday, before
the master in Chancery. The ease was
quashed for the present on the ground of
irregularity in proceedings.
,
—Mr. Mathew, Ryan, of Montreal
knowa as/ a lawyer and an eloquent
speaker, lectured in London, on Tuesday
evening, on "The Irish as a Business
; People. ' ,
' —The manufacture of salt has been
I commenced at the Kincardine salt well.
: The water from the flowieg well is used
to turn an over shot water -wheel. -which e
pumps the brine from the salt well. --
- The Itrat number of the Britilli Am-
erialn Probyterian, which aline to be the
Irepresentative of the Canada Reesbyter-
ian Church, has made its appeattnem it
is a handsOme paper, and, if theVoinise
of the initial number be sustained, it
121437 become quite a useful' and valfular
religions journal. It is publishedney C.
.Blackett illebieson, Toronto, at e $2; a
year. ;
Mess*. Rath • & Campbell, of
Mitchell, are County Engineers for the
County of Perth, in rowel of Mr. Kirk,
who has returived from tnenniunty.
A horse, harness and ' jlemper,"
were sold; lately, in London, for $3. Of
this sum -20 cents were .cellected. by the
Market clerk as his fee, $1 37t went to
the auctioneer for his . services, leaving
the proprietor $1 371 for his'horse. .
-- An agent of one of the largest lum-
bering firnis. in Ontario has purchased
the large Saw rnill at fort Abercombie,
Manitoba, and two minion feet of him -
her, and Will be in hlanitoba with the
ill and propertyin the Spring.
—On Friday last, Mrs. Innes, 'wife of
r. Charles Lines, East Zorrat went to
, he barn to feed the poultry, keying the
ehildeen pla,ying in the house, During
net abgeoce the clothing of her only
nanghter, acted one year and eight
emeths, accidently took Bre, and the
poor little thing was so badly burnt
about the neck _and brea.st that it died
nn Saturday morning..
A grand concert and drawing of
prizes is to take place in Elora, on the
13th Met, in connection with the De*
Catholic Church there. Three thousand
tickets have been already sold, 500,
of which • were disposed .of New York
City. •
A destructive fire oecurred in Kin-
cardine, on the 31st ult., -destroying
three wooden buildings, one of which
was the office of the Review. The Renew
was burnt out before about a year ago.
— %inn:mein the Mitchell salt well
ceased last -week. A depth of 2,012 feet
had been 'reached without the slightest
indication of salt ' On the eveningafter
the work was abandoned, the contractor,
"tin MeEwen, and his employees were
ntertained at an oyster nipper by the
roprietors of the welt
_
—A short time ago the Bruce Report -
r, publighed at Kinhedine 'reduced its
Aeceiption price to one (hiller per an-
num After a fair trial it is now an -
ounce(' that the price must be raised
gain to one dollar and fifty cents, as it
lon't pay at one nollar.
— A man named -John Ryan, of Oil
.prings, lately chopped, split aml piled
ix cords of beech and maple mood in
ight hours.
e., to his father for the engine onpurpo-se to
f : aid me in y lecture, but the old gentle- n
e mgm is so f
nil of the engine that he toOk.
am the boiler, so that we
- Could -not put it in operation for your
amusement Had we been able to do so e
s we could la ve produced the experiment n
-• just referred by an electro maenet driven
- ; by this eng ne. We could have produced e
a current o electricity strong enough to
heat by unans of the Drummond light, w
i sufficient water to drive this other s
1 small toy encrine. We would thus have
; an illustratio% of the change of heat, first
into mechapical motion of the larger en-
gine, then into eleetricity by means of d
the magnet, then into chemical action in f
the decompositioo of the water, then
again into heat M the Drummond light, d
and. back to mechanical motion in the
r second toy enenne. . We could also have a
shown you Professor Tyndans experi-
ment for boiling water by friction. This p
experiment coneists of a small upright
brass cylinder fixed. on a pivot or axle in
such a wa,y that it can be made to rotate
very ra,pidly, this is filled. with cold eat
water and compressed between two pieces 'el
of woed, produciug friction, After ;mum
time the water is made hot, and finally °
boils, bloeneg out the cork which stops
the ton of the celinders But the 2
trations of -the mutual convertibility and
• persistence of the forces -are endless. I
could. not helm to bring,within the scope
of my allotted time one it a, hendred of
the proofs Which abound of the truth of
. this grand theory. All I hoped to do
was to awaken in your rhinds sueh an
interest in the subject, as would induce
you. to follew it yourselves, through
the works of Tyndal, Grove, Thompson,
Joule. Mayer, Faraday, Liebig, Carpen-
ter, Yeornae, eta
- care to re a
, to depend on t
being perform
the diminutio
the conversion
gases may -be
the loss of vibratory motion, m -conse-
quence of the revolution .of particles
round their axes at the mement When
the , body bewimes fluid or aeriforumor
fermi. lest of rantlity of vibration in min-
acquence ot th motion of.the particles
through space." .
Thus we fin( these three of the mont
eminent Engli-h Philosophical thinkers
arriving at a v •ry clear idea of the mod-
-. ern theory of heat: by profound con-
templation of i s phenomena.
Dave's theor • of the undulatory char-
acter of the mo ion of . heat has led .to a
comparison wi h the forcesgoyerning.
the motions of the. • leaveply .
bodies, and . nclerlies tne• nebular
hypothesis o the manner in
which our systelrn was called into its pres-
t of view. It
• of thmknown
this theory.
frictiou was a
as there seem-
ent of its sun -
the suppon-
possessen the
quantities of
le latent form._
and mercury.
heat required
r ten degrees
hirty times as
11
-- Mr. P. Davidson, of Prince Ed -
and County, recently sold in the King -
ion market, the carcase of a Chester
Vnite pig which weighed 852 pounds.
—A few days ago a man named Hus-
on, residing in the tewnship Mono,
ied. in hie sleigh while returning home
rom Mono The cause of his
eath was the excessive use -of strong
rink.
— The Dominion Telegeapn Company -
re making contracts for several branch
nee threughout Onterio—notably from
ort Hope to Peteiboro, and from Brock -
to Pembroke. .
—The York Comity Council before
djourning on Saturday, agreed to pale
on the Legislature for thc repeal of the
et allodring traction engines to be ran
•
1.1—the Col bi.gilwDaay-s,. of Shelf -01'd, among
ome other documents, recently found
the collector's roll for the township of
Downie for 1S39. The gross total re-
turned was three shillings and some odd
pence ! Now, this township is one of
the most wealthy in the County of
Perthi
—ln Geo. Roy, long a residern of
Fullerton township., sold his farm lately
to a Mr. Doupe, fOP $5,700. Mr. Roy,
it is said, intends leaving Canada for the
suiLnymTi.u. jtho.hn
Lawton, of South Yar-
mouth, • threshedlast week _eighty .
bushels of prime clover seed, being th.e.
product of tei, acme. When it is re-
membered that five bushels ti • the acre
is considered an excellent yield, it wiul
be seen -that Mr. Lawtonnt is an ex-
traordinary one.
THEY come from 'all parte of the coun-
try to get a dollar's worth of Frank Pal-
tridge's photographs and are highly satis-
fied. Only $1 per dozen. Scott's Block,
, Seafonth.
•