Zurich Herald, 1917-09-28, Page 7DOMESTIC SCJENCE AT ROME
Eleventh Lesson .—Beverages,
Nearly three-fifths of the tot¢°1 pot •or white stone pitcher, dry the
weight of the human body is corn\ pitcher and then place in it the desired
posed of water. For perfect assimila- amount of tea. Now pour on the
tion of our food and to help the body freshly boiled water. Cover it and
regulate its processes, it is necessary allow to stand for five minutes, then
that she adult drink from eight to ten use it.
glasses of water a day. - •This method will produce a delicious
When an insufficient amount of wa- cup of fragrant tea, and it avoids
ter is provided to the human body the drawing out the tannin which is pres-
blood is overloaded with waste prod- ent in the tea leaf. If water is used
acts and the organs of elimination,be- that has been standing in the teakettle
come torpid. As an active constituent or water that has been long ineboiling,
of the blood stream, it is of vital im- much of the valuable gases are de-
portance that sufficient good, pure strayed.
drinking water be taken daily. French Method of Making Coffee
Tea is a decoction of boiling water
and tea. It has no food value. Ow-
ing to various elements contained in
the tea leaf, it acts as a stimulator.
Coffee is made by various processes
• from the berry, which has been previ-
ously roasted and ground. By the
addition of water, it becomes an active
stimulant, containing caffeine, Cocoa
is made by, the cddition of milk and
water. It has a food value other-
than the value of milk. The sugar, ter over it. Cover closely forten
fat•and starches of cocoa or chocolate minutes and place where it will be
• all contain nutriment, hot. One tablespoonful of coffee for
Milk contains protein in the form of each 'cup of boiling water.
casein, fat ands mineral salts, which Coffee made by this method will
contain alr the delicious aroma that
escapes when it is made in a percola-
tor or by boiling or scalding. The
energy, Mothers will find that a glass percentage of caffeine is much less
holding\ one-half pint of milk has' a than when the coffee is made by other
food value equal to that of three and methods. •
one-half ounces of beef. Milk is Cocoa or Chocolate
particularly rich in vitamines, which
promote growth and health.
Lsaglish Method of'Maldug Tea.
Use a white stone or an earthen-
ware pot for making the tea. Fill the chocolate will be smooth and rich in
pot with boiling water to heat it. Now flavor.
place the desired amount of water in When heating milk allow it to come
the teakettle to boil, Just before the just below the scalding point. Boiling
water reaches the boiling point turn destroys the vitamines and lowers the
out the water froze the earthenware food value.
Use a stone pitcher, fill it with boil-
ing water and set in a vessel contain-
ing hot water. This will thoroughly
heat the pitcher. Now place one level
tablespoonful of pulverized coffee for
each cup desired in a clean piece of
cheesecloth and tie. Have the water
freshly boiled. Pour out the water
from the pitcher. Put the coffee in
the pitcher and pour the boiling wa-
make it the ideal food for children. It
supplies material for building muscle,
bone and teeth structures; it also gives
Use equal parts of water and milk.
Dissolve the cocoa or chocolate in hot
water; add to rest of milk and water.
If beaten continually the cocoa or
Home Canning.
Canned Pumpkin.—Cut the pumpkin
and then peel and remove the seeds.
Cut it into pieces suitable for cooking.
place in a large preserving kettle and
add water. Cook until soft, ,then
drain and mash. Fill into sterilized
jars.. Place the rubber and lid in
position and then partially tighten
them, Place in a hot water bath and
process for forty-five minutes after
the water starts boiling. Remove
from the bath and fasten the lids
securely. Test for leaks and then
store in a cool, dry place.
The pumpkin may be cut in half; the Squeeze dry frdm the brine; now place
seeds removed. It may then be plat- one quart of onions cut in thin slices
ed in an oven and baked. When tender in bottom of preserving kettle, then a
serape the soft pulp with a spoon and.
then fill into sterilized jars. Process
the same as for boiled pumpkin.
to each quart of the liquid and fruit.
Return to the preserving kettle. Stir
until the sugar is dissolved, then eook
slowly until the fruit is transparent,
and when some of the mixture if left
on a cold saucerwill: thicken like jam.
Now pour into the sterilized glass jars,
pots or bowls, cool and cover with
parowax. Seal and store in the Man-
ner usual for jellies. Long and slow
cooking will give the quinces the
beautiful amber color,
Tomato Mustard.—Take one-quarter
peck of green tomatoes, sliced very
thin, and sprinkle them thickly with
salt. Let them stand for five hours,
layer of tomatoes, proceeding in this
way until all are used. Add four
ounces of mustard, cover with vinegar
Pumpkin , Jam.—This jam can be and then cook gently for one and one
made through the fall and winter. One half hours. Put into jelly glasses
quart of stewed pumpkin, juice of one and when cold cover the tops with
lemon, juice of one orange, one cupful paraffin.
., of raisins, cut in small pieces, two and .Clear Tomato Soup.—Twenty large
one-half cupfuls of sugar. „Place in a tomatoes, four quarts of water, six
porcelain preserving kettle. Stir until onions, five green peppers, one cupful
the sugar is ,dissolved and then add of washed rice, one fagot of soup
the following spices tied in a cheese- herbs. Chop the tomatces - fine and
.loth bag: three tablespoonfuls of ging: then add the vegetables, rice and wa-
;ter, one tablespoonful of cinnamon, ter. Cook until it can be rubbed
ilwo teaspoonfuls of mace. Cook slow- through a • sieve. Season with
ly for one hour, then remove the spice paprika and salt and four teaspoonfuls
bag. Pour into sterilized glasses or of finely chopped parsley. This
ere ks. Cover and store in the usual' amount may be doubled if desired.
manner for jellies, IFill into sterilized jars. Place the
Squash. --Peel the squash and then, rubber and lid in position and partial-
' remove the seeds. Cut into pieces; ly tighten then. Process in a hot.
and cook in boiling water until to/Wen! water bath for one hour after the wa-
Drain and ,mash and then season', ter starts boiling. Remove and fasten
slightly with salt. Fill into sterilized the lids securely, test for leaks, then
jars. Adjust the rubbers and lids store in a cool, dry place.
aiid then partjally tighten them. Place! Kidney Stew,—Cut the kidneys into
HIGHEST PRICES PAIL)
For POULTRY,' GAME,
EGGS & FEATHERS
Please write for ,particulars.
Y`. IMMIX & .00.,
39 ztonsoconre Market, 24tontirea1
THE WAIT SPIRIT.
The sights and sounds of summer
nights
Have changed; the steely stars
Are glinting bayonets around
The crimson .flag of Mars.
The bullfrogs in the reedy pond
Are pounding the big based -nuns,
The fireflies in the dewy fields
Behold! are bursting borhbs.
•
The cricket on the fife,
Along the misty hill
The waving branches simulate
A regiment at drill,
Soft bandages as white as snow
The garden -spiders spin,
The katydid has turned her tune,
And now command, "Fall' in?",
-Minna Irving.
THE DEADLYMANZANILLO.
Beautiful Tree, Native of the West
Indies, Has Poisonous Properties.
Literature on the tropics abounds
with stories of poisonous plants and
trees, and to this beautiful tree, arch-
ing many a roadway with its glgssy
gtpden leaves and rose -tinted flowers,
has been ascribed the deadly poison-
ous properties of the far-famed Upas
tree or the East.
To the fruit of this tree, more than
to the effect of its foliage, is due its
evil name. Manzanillo in Spanish
means "little apple" and in the
Papiamento tongue of the blacks of
Curacao, Dutch West Indies, living in
their little thatched huts, the name
Manzanillo is pronounced but slightly
differently from the Spanish.
It has been stated by Spanish
writers that if one remains under its
shade for a few hours or sleeps",there
death is likely to follow, or that even
if the unfortunate escapes death the
body will become a mass of running
sores. The deleterious properties of
the shade of this tree have, however,
been greatly exaggerated, and as for
the actual poisonous effect ,of th'e
leaves and shade considerable diver-
sity of opinion still exists, as is the
case with the poison ivy of the States.
The small, apple -shaped fruits have
tempted manya stranger to- a much-
regretted meal. As recently as the
summer of.1916 an officer of a Dutch
steamer had a narrow . escape from
serious poisoning, emeties'•and. Stom-
ach pumps alone saving his ` life.
Some 32 years ago 54 members of the
crew of a German ship were taken to
the local hospital all very sick from
having eaten the fruit of the Man-
zanillo. Five of this number died and
the rest, after serious illness for
several weeks, recovered.
As is the case with the question of
the leaves and shade, there are many
accounts of the effect of the fruit. To
quote from one writer "A fish which
eats the fruit becomes infected, the
gills becoming yellow and black, and
one who eats the fish in this state is
said to fall into a profound lethargy,
with a general relaxation of all the
limbs, according to the amount eaten."
The tree .when cut exudes a. quan-
tity of white, milky juice, in the same
manner as the common rubber -tree,
and to most persons this juice has the
same effect as our poison -ivy, How-
ever, if this -acrid milky juice reaches
the delicate membrances of the eye,
temporary and often permanent blind-
ness is sure to follow.
The Manzanillo is a native of the
gest Indian Islands and is usually
found In moist situations.
EFFECT OF HIGH-PRICED COAL.
Many Old Steam Power Plants -Being
Replaced by Modern Ones.'
We are possibly just as wasteful of
in a hot water bath and process for, small pieces rejecting tubes and hard coal as is the United -States, where,
forty minutes after the water starts ; portions. BIanch and then cook un- according to V. 11. Manning, Director'
boiling, Remove jars and fasten the til tender in sufficient water to cover, of the United States Bureau of Mines;
lids securely and then test for leaks. adding two onions, finely minced. fully $500,000,000 were wasted lost
° - Store in .a cool, dry place. This may When tender thicken the gravy amitt. year, through inefficiency in use, Not -
be used when fresh vegetables are' ly with two tablespoonfuls of flour. withstanding the Higher etilcieney rel
Scarce; for the sake of variety used as Add one tablespoonful of flour. Add dared passible by the ;constant inn
squash fritters or biscuits or in place one tablespoonful of'"'`f1nely minced provement of modern power eciuip-
parsley.Fill into sterilizedwent, the waste is increasing and .the
of pumpkin for pie. pint jars higher price of the commodity is sub -
Quince Jam.—Peel one-quarter peck and place the rubber and lid in posi- jetting the country toga still heavier
of quinces, Remove the seeds and tion, then partially* tighten. Place
cores, • Cut in very thin slices. Place in a hot water bath and process for penalty. Every pound wasted is that
,in a preserving kettle and cover with two ane one -forth hours after the wa- much less available to put into energy
Cold water, having the water at least ter starts boiling,. ' Remove from the to win the war. •
two inches above the fruit. Cook bath, fasten the tops securely and then In the modern, efficient power plant,
slowly until the fruit is tender, Place test for leaks. Store in a cool, dry 20 per cent. of the Beat in the coal
the eelin sand cores in a secondplace. Shea or z kidneys may' be consumed is converted into power,
p g p g y' whereas in small power stations the
preserving kettle. Cover with cold rooked in the seine manlier and they efl]cAney frequently drops below 10
• water; Cogk slowly until toner and will be found to be delicious for lunch 1151: -cent. It is quite that, on
then,dr711ixx through a jelly bag, Add eon on a cold or' stormy day by simply the average, onlys about probable, ort e per
this liquid to" the thinly sliced quinces. heatin and '•serving in a border of
Nteasure and allow -One pint of sugar mashe potatoes,.
0001.....-..,4. .,.ry+ M.a 4.4.34.•••.....
cent. of the energy of the coal is
transformed into useful energy ready
for distribution. Were it possible to
We are all in the habit of condemn ane. instead of condemning our increase the average efficiency to
leg the man ;who •bias some din of neighbor let us look to some of our something near the maximum now at
Which we are note guilty, but may be own defects and see how far from per tainabis, about three tines' as much
the reason we are not guilty of hisfectien we may be, energy would be available for the pro•
particular sin is because it does hot The farmer grows his crops without ductive industries of the country, The
appeal to as so strongly as some oth- any practical help from the govern- inareasiug price of coal Is causing
ens do. We all•have weaknesses, and ment, and his right to them is iridis- many old, ineilcieiit steam power
what appeals to you night not tempt putable. plants to bo replaced by modern ones
GERMANY'S AIMS
ALMOST ATTAINED
'AS NOT OFFERED TO RESTORE
ANY OF HER CONQUESTS:
Pan -German Dream of Great Middle
European Em.'pire is Now 90 Per
Cent. Realized.
If one should go back and look at
the span -German maps, already forgot-
ten, one would see that the patriots of
that time had drawn across Central
Europe new and striking frontiers and
that these 'frontiers were based upon
certain commercial and ethnographic
will respond at
pregular times just as
it war critic, new Ger-
many the vital details in Mitteleuropa that Proper food properly digested will
many the Mitteleuropa—was to be had escaped the Germans, and, de- do much for one's health and happi-.
bounded on the west by a line drawn spite the contemporary view, all save ram.front, Belfort to the mouth of , the Calais were within the grasp of Ger- It is a mistake to eat too much, We
toe bbe ie i, Calais aiid Antwerp were many whenever she chose to concen- should try to enjoy our meals'try pay-
ts' naval and commercial ports trate the guns and men necessary to ing attention to the taste of food. Do
upon the Clhainel• and the North Sea, take them. She chose rather to seek not gulp it down. It should be
All the cpai districts of Lens and the .a larger triumph at Verdun, which masticated and tasted so as to stimu-
in
valleys of th Sambre and the Sahel a would have enabled her to gather in late those nerves which reflect their
n Prance and Belgium were to beher ov"n time the remaining fruits�of sense on the other nerves controlling
German. ,'I'he_ iron districts of the her great successes. the glands of digestion.
Lorraine frontier and the Meuse were The fall of Riga now means merely When you feel indigestion after eat -
Eastward the German line was to has chosen to take one of
to be joined, to a German state, that she hing a meal, note the ingredients eaten,
eat itself try ,to con -
mouth mouth of the Dniester River. Riga
run from the Gulf of Riga to the ! those forts because the effort was no and should it repeat
longedt and the prize had a mo- vitt the guilty food and dismiss' it from
your dietary. yo
and Libau were to be new commercial ral value for a public which had re- Don't make eating a task, but a
ports of Germany upon the Baltic Po- cantly faced disasters in the West pleasure.
of Saloniki, and a British army was
going to defeat and surrender before
Bagdad,
In February, 1916, Germany came.
west to make the great Verdun at-
tack, which was designed to Brush the
sole remaining force effectively in the
field at the moment. Could the French
army have been broken Mitteleuropa Regularity Vital To Health.
would have been a permanent fact, for
many months
:were to 'pass before Regular hours for retiring must be
Great Britain could yet be ready° for considered as one of the best methods
her work at the Somme. Mitteleuropa
for securing good. sleep•
was destroyed at Verdun. Every day The human body has a wonderful
since has seen the slow ebb of Ger- periodicity.in all its spontaneous ac -
man hope to preserve that empire tions, and by studying these. much of
which German armies, Germaxi states- the' machinery of health may be made
men and German soldiers had created to work smoothly,
from the Baltic to the Garden of Witness one habit of walking at a ear-
tain hour to which we have been accus-
tomed,
ccustomed,
Regularity of eating is most import-
ant for health, The digestive tract
Eden, from the Dwina to the coast of
Flanders, facing the British Isles.
The Fall of Riga.
In 1916 Calais, Riga, Saloniki and
ideate ideasags Frank H. Simonds, the Basra, the port of Bagdad, were all other habits will repeat themselves.
land was to be erected. into a subject
and a denial of the hope of peace The
su lac military significance of Riga is small, Youth demands a greater variety
destate, reserving only geographical to be because the war must be won or lost and quantity of food than does old
taken
Bessarabia was ao Ru-
age, and, especially does it require
takan'from Russia and joined to R,u- now on the western front. and every
regiment and gun of the'Germans di- more protein and meat.
Ki nia which v Berlin could believenally
vented from this critical field is a gain Learning what foodstuffs best suit
King Carol lived would be an ally and for the allies, But on the moral side is one of the great educational tasks
not an enemy. it would be folly to mistake the value man has before him, for he no longer
Specific German Aims, has the intuition of the lower animals.
to the German leaders, who desire
Austrian Trieste and Greek Saloniki still to bring back Provinces and pow- The latter seem to inherit a sense that
were to be German I directs them to what is best for their
ports upon the er from their war, of a new success
Adriatic and the Aegean. Greece,1 and -the attainment of one of the ob- bodily wants. The vast majority of
_. animals can differentiate between
— poisonous and nonpoisonous food-
stuffs.
Germany's Great "Miitteieuropa"
Empire
Were the war to stop to -day Germany would 'have achieved 90 per cent.
of her war aims in Europe and Asia. The black represents.what is virtually
the Germany of to -day. See Frank H,Siinonds' illuminating article on :Page
17 of th'e General Section.
Bulgaria, Rumania, were to be sol-
diers, servants and silent partners.
Serbia was• to be destroyed, its terri-
tory divided between. Bulgaria and
Austria-Hungary. show that it takes a sweat gland gram
more than ninety per cent. of all _that
Turkey•wah to be the arch by which she hoped to achieve when she began , two to two and one-half months to,
German Central Europe crossed the the war. Napoleon at the height of mTxufacture one drop of sweet,
his power had not a greater success Clte skin absorbs alae. ,lienee e.
on the map than Germany has. Ger- must be kept clean as well as active.
pian failure has been in her inability Porous clothing, light, and preferably
to destroy France before England pre- white in color, is best because it per -
Great made his great invasion, This pared for war and in her inability to nits light and air to reach the slain.
railroad Was to., be the life line, the wear out England and France before The daily cold Lath and bi-weekly
spinal column;-of•:.Asiatic empire. Un- the United States began to send- its cleansing bath at night (daily in warm
der the walls bf Aleppo the Germans men to the conflict. To -day the war weather) are essential means of skin
had planned 'to 'erect a railroad sta- can have but one of two endings - if hygiene.
tion lir which armies should change Germany is not to dominate the
cars,as their -tide of invasion was di- world. The allies must either win a SHELL AIDS WAR ROMANCE.
rested by the Hedjaz railroad to Suez, decisive battle in the field or they --
or by the.8agdad line to Basra at th'e' must continue to exert and multiply Society Giri Fines Fiance Baird, But
head of the Persian Gulf, and beyond, the pressure upon Germany until hon- Ile Will Iderover,
in due cotilse of time, India Was to ger, casualties, economic ruin, finally One of the bits of romance on the
beckon other. German armies of con-
quest.
on- compel the masses of the German pee- battle front, whose nazre, is legion,
quest ple to lay aside the dream of world ,
When the cam aign of 1915 was cane to light re other day. Alo-
p �, power and to consent to the restore- cicty girl qzi �.rrelled with hoe soldier ,
ovet Germany had almost completed. tion of Belgium, Serbia, and Romania, flance and he rushed to the front, die-,'
the erection of her Mitteleuropa. Her as well as of France. And, despite tez'minsd to throw away his lift. wale>,
armies were still within reaf'h of her parliamentary gestures, the real heartbroken, became a ours and soon'
Calais; Antwerp was hers; Warsaw, power in Germany, which is the. after was sent to 'ranee. There :.ha'
Libati; her ..long-range artilleryreach- 'throne and the army, has never yet was assigned to caro for an officer
ed Riga; her advancing armies had signified its intention to part with a who had been blinded by a fragment overrun•Serbia and reached the Gold- single portion of this huge Mittel -
'en Horn; her Bulgarian ally was al- europa; not even Belgium has been of -
most Within. sight of the ancient walls fered back by the Hohenzollerns.
The Human •Skin •
The human skin possesses a very ex-
tensive sewerage system. Microscopic
examination of the skin shows it to
contain numerous minute tubes, each
about one-fourth of an inch in length.
The greater part of this tubing is
coiled up in the fat just beneath the
skin. The tubing opens upon the
surface and continually discharges a
watery secretion known as sweat.
Under ordinary circunistanees the
amount of -liquid discharged through
the sweat glands is small, according
to the best authorities, amounting to
an ounce and one-half an hour,
When the body is exposed to great
heat, and especially during muscular
activity, the amount of perspiration
may be increased to thirty or forty
times the ordinary amount, or two or
three pints an hour. The average
amount is about forty ounces, or one
and one-half pints, each twenty-four
hours.
The .anatomists tell us that in the
eutire'twenty square feet of skin with
Which the body of a full-sized man is
covered there are about three million
sweat glands, aggregating twelve
miles of tubing.
Each one of these three million
jectives which were in their minds sweat glands produces during a life -
when they made their first attack. time of sixty years about one-third
Holds Mitteleuropa To -day. of an ounce, or three hundred drops,
Germany has achieved territorially of sweat. A little computation will
Hellespont into Asia Minor. The Bag-
dad railroad, when the war began,
was pushing southward under . the
Cilieian gates by which Alexander the
that c nivert a higher percentage of belongings. At last the task of load-
the fuel consumed into power. ing carne to an end.
Ne lected Plunder. "Is that all?" inquired.the cabman
g with polite incredulity.
The lady of many portable posses- "Yes," was the reply.
clans ;<was moving from town to the The cabman looked surprised.
seashore for the summer. A cab had "Seems a pity," he ejaculated, "to
been thought big enough to convey
her and her property to the station,
and the cabman sat there, passing a Two hundred spruce trees go into
from tine stage of disgust to another one edition of a Montreal newspaper
stills deeper, while his vehicle, inside and a New 'York, paper obliterates 15
sand ;olxt,. was piled high with a mis- acres of spruce and balsam forest with
cellancous• assortment of cherished a single Sunday edition.
leave the doorstep."
of shell. It \vas her fiance.
she did not reveal her identity, cut
did everything she could to mitigate
his suffering. One day he asked her to
write a 1o'ce letter for him at his dic-
tation. It proved to be to hie fie -use
in Englaxid--•herself. She began tak-
ing the dictation, but broke Mown and
revealed herself.
A complete roconc"lindon followed,.
although it was believed that he was
hopelessly blind, A few tiny tater,
however, the surgeon made a re-exam..
in.ation and found the soldier's sight
could be restored, An operation was
performed. 'The wedding will follow
when the bandages are il'cinoved frozix
his eyee.
1
4
.'M
•v
•w
1
d
w
1
e
r
1
A
1
9
r
1
J
1
44
4
1