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Zurich Herald, 1915-12-31, Page 7Hints for the Poultry. Raiser • BALANCING THE RATION. By A. P. Marshall: We are inclined to think that most growers of chickens get perhaps the hest results when they supply e very wide supply of feeds to their .birds because the flock is able to select what natural :inclination prompts them to. If the supply is sufficiently varied the birds then get practically all that their - constitutions demand and therefore they give fairly good re- melts. Perhaps it may be as well un- der those circumstances not to at- tempt to too closely balance the ra- tion for the birds but in many cases it is just a nmtter of a little grain and whatever ha -Miens to be handy which In itself rn y not be bad food but very Rauch out .of balance for the results desired. Q'-7te often the introduction of one or two articles would so im- provethe nutrient .velues of the feed as to more then double the returns that can be obtained. Little Cat :s. the average poultryman realize what immense varieties of foods fowle gather when they are able to raege at liberty to which they normally roepond with an abundant supply of , evgs fend make rapid growth in ennsequonce. Given ap- proximately the same conditions when confined ee in the winter season those birds, if they are not run down or have not been forced to excess, should produce in the same big way and continue in vigorous productive health so that they prove also excellent breeders from which to secure the next year's producing stock. Only by a regular course of good, sound bal- anced feeding can the breeder be ab- solutely certain that his fowls are getting the best for the object desir- ed, although if there is exceptional variety it is more than probable that e the birds will fairly well balance for v themselves. In different sections the staple grain I ordinarily used will probably very b much vary. In one locality it may be corn while in another it will be e wheat, depending largely on the most a extensively grown grain and the price. Using almost wholly one grain is al- g most bound to bring very uncertain results, depending entirely on the right other elements that may be re- p quired to make up a good balance. Water, of course, does not enter into s the question of feeds. It is, however, a fully as necessary as any feed, and 'should always be on hand cool and a fresh where the birds can get it. The nutritive ration of a food or ration d expresses the proportion of digest- 1 tae ible protein compounds to the carbo- hydrates and fats (the fate being 'multiplied by 21A to bring them to a level of the' carbohydrates, because one part, by weight of fat is on the average equivalent in heating power 234to 2parts of carbohydrates). Knowing the proportions of these ele» merits of the feeds available it is then possible to proportion the auan- titles so as to get the results, Often the use of just one other product will correct the balance to bring real good result§ where for lack of something to correct the missing required ele- ments only loss can result. Quantity is also a necessary con- sideration, and if the breeder knows what each fowl should receive he is better able to be sure they are receiv- ing :all that is necessary or getting more than they should. This is espe- c1:dl." the case when large' numbers are kept. A balanced ration can usually be arrived at for almost any purpose with the readily available products as a base to work on, adding anything having the elements in right propor- tion that can be secured to fin in what is required. Palatableness makes more difference than some imagine, and although a ration may be balanc- ed fairly well the birds may not take to it, and in consequence cannot se- cure tho nutrient values in sufficient quantities to give the desired results. Sometimes a change becomes neces- sary merely to vary the monotony of a too similar ration. The action of the flock is probably the only thing that can show that it is tiring of the food being furnished. As a general thing cooking food will very much NEW FRENCH CHIEF OF STAFF 41. ss GEN. E»OUARD »i C:LSTEINSET, whom -.Gena. Joitre has appointed his chief of stab`. Three of the four. sons of Gen, de Caate3natt at the front have been killed. The ri oncl son to fall was brouglit,to his i.'ather's camp terribly wounded, and shed three hours atter. The General kissed his dead son and said: "Go, son, you have had the finest death you could possibly wish for. I swear that our armies s will avenge you in avenging all French families." The news of the death of the General's first son was brought to hien while. he was in conference with his Re read the statement,, bovwed his head a moment, and said :"Gentlemen, let us continue." The third son, Lieut. FYugues de Caste:eau, was killed in October of this year. help in making it more palatable and ��el perhaps aids digestion, although the FAM US nutrient values are in no way increas- cl and even perhaps some ntttrint alues may be lost in the cooking:;,; The balance to use depends entire - y whether eggs are required, the irds being fattened or for growing chicks. Each case should be differ- ntly balanced to get the best results nd using the same foods regardless of conditions will not bring the big - est results. For the most economic - a1 feeding the fowls. should receive the nutrients in quantities and pre- ortions 'which at the time fit the par - titular needs of the flock under con- ideration. A subject of this kind is very long one and therefore it is necessary to confine this article to bal- neing for eggs. We find as a ration that has proven a good one, furnishes igestible nutrients per day, per each 00 lbs. live weight as follows: Carbo- Fuel Nutri - Dry Ash Protein hydrates Fat value tive matter. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. calories. ratio. 5 50 .30 1.00 3.75 .35 10,300 1:4.6 Hens, 3-5 lbs tIens, 5-8 lbs division is world-wide, and its num- 8 50 .20 .65 2.75 .20 6,240 1:4.2 29111 AT THE FRONT KNOWN AS THE OLDEST STAFF OF THE ARMY. Correspondent at Dardanelles Gives Due This Famous Division. Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett,.-who was the British press representative at the Dardanelles, chronicles in simple but telling phrases the gallant deeds of one . of the commands which played a conspicuous part in the Gallipolo fighting. In part, he says: "The purpose of this article is to do belated justice to the role played. by the 29` division: in the struggle in the Dardanelles. The renown of this It will be noted that for heavier hens the proportion is less per 100 Lbs. than with lighter fowls. The experiment stations will read -I fly supply tables showing the nutri- I ent values of various foods that may! be used in feeding poultry, and with this it is possible to make up a ration that will give approximately the bal- j Cracked corn, 1 1b. Wheat, tl 1b. ' Corn meal, :! lb. Wheat middlings, 3 lb. .420 Buckwheat mid'lgs, s lb. .437 Animal meal, 2 lb. 452 Fresh bone, 2-3 lb. 622 Green alfalfa, a lb. 218 ince suggested as a standard for lay- ing hens. Suppose we have cracked corn, wheat, corn meal, wheat mid- dlings, buckwheat middlings, animal meal, fresh bone, young green alfalfa, we get the following result by work- ing them about to arrange the nutri- ent values to suit the standard for each 100 lbs. of fowls for 5-8 lb. birds: :Fuel Dry Carbo- Value matter. .Ash. Protein. hydrates. Pat. calories. 891 •.015 .0714 .6612 .0497 1572 1:108 672 .014 .0767 .5191 .0376 1161 1:7.1 .638 .010 .0469 .4854 .0263 1108 1:11.7 .019 .0635 .2658 .0170 635 1:4.8 .010 .0500 .3225 .0110 788 1:7.4 .021 .1440 ... .0248 372 1:0.4 .162 .1483 .1110 741 1:1.7 .021 .0292 0840 .0031 224 1:3.1 4,345 .273 .6300 2.8420 .8305 6651 1:4.9 While the results do not exactly coincide with the standard set it is approximately the same, and the nu- tritive ratio proves to be very close to the requirements. Such a balance should give very good results and quantities may be increased, keeping them in the same proportion to make up any quantity desired to be prepar- ed for convenience. If one wishes to fatten any;. stock, it is then only a matter of increasing the proportion of carbohydrates and fat to that of protein, bringing the proportion up to 1:8 which with a limited amount of exercise will be found to put on flesh quite rapidly. Of course grain feeds should be fed in deep litter for the layers to pm - mote • exercise and the mash can be supplied either as a dry mash or moistened with milk or water. A plan of feeding that has been found very satisfactory for the American �hreeds is the following: By bulk meas - fare, wheat bran three parts, ground oats one part, corn meal one part, beef scraps one part, with one fifth 1 the hulk of cut clover added are all mixed together dry, slightly salted and moistened to a crumbly Consist- ency with hot water in cold weather and cold water in warm weather, and given the fowls at noon time or to- wards evening in winter and in .the morning in summer. Cracked corn, wheat or oats are fed in litter of straw or leaves for the other meals •of the day. . Many are the methods of feeding, some giving results fairly uniform, others giving temporary good results, but the best results can only be had where the needs of the flock are considered care- fully, the foods balanced to bring up condition, reduce fat, or promote egg Iaying as the case requires, and the balance corrected as condition of the birds indicates it to be advisable. A closer study of this subject will `add many dollars to the profits of many poultry growers. One is Plenty. Mrs. Penheque-Don't you dare to weave the house this evening, Henry. Mr. Penheque-T fully intended to remain indoors, my dear. "Huh! What for?" "To study a problem that has been in may mind for some time." "What problem?" "For weeks I have been trying to figure out what on earth the. Mor- mons can see in polygamy." Cold weather is the best time to do mental work, the brain being more active. ber will ever in future be surrounded by that nixed halo of romance and glory which attached to eraser's leg- ions and Napoleon's old guard. In fact, the 29th earned for itself the title of 'The Old Guard' of the army. "Unfortunately but few of the orig- inal veterans who landed at Sedd-ul- bahr are left, for nearly all are dead or invalided home. Some, in fact, have been wounded many times. "As the division has • played a most prominent role in almost every en- gagement that has been fought on the peninsula during the last six months, I do not know how many times it i consumes itself in furious attacks on the enemy's works, but already 1 be- ! lieve at least three times the number of its original strength have passed through the ranks. "The 29th division,landed under the command of Major General Hunter Weston, and has since been command- ed by Major General De Lisle. All four countries, England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, have the honor to. be represented in its ranks. Repulsed Turkish Attacks. "On August 6 the division was holding its old position on the left of our line at Helles, across the gully ravine, and on that day the 88th bri- gade delivered a most gallant assault on a section of the enemy's line over ground devoid of cover. "While the landing at Sulve Bay and the great advance . from Anzac were taking place, the 29th held its ground and successfully repulsed at- t tacks from the Turks. "When the attempts of the new $ divisions to take the Anafarta hills definitely' failed by August 19 it was d decided to make a final effort to cut the enemy's lines of communication by employing the Old Guard. Secret- ly at night three brigades were brought up in trawlers from Hales to Sulva and landed without the Turks being aware of the movement. "In my accounts which have ap- peared in the press of the events of this memorable August 21 chief cre- dit is being given the newly arrived yeomanry because they were the only e corps which the censor allowed to be mentioned, but in reality the second mounted division of the yeomanry were held in reserve behind Leila Baba until late in the afternoon, and they only came into action after the repeated efforts of the 86th and 87th Brigades of the 29th mounted division failed to shake the enemy's defense. Yeomanry Deserve Credit. "The yeomanry deserve every credit for the magnificent manner in which they behaved when in action for the first time. They adveneed two miles under a hail of shrapnel over ground which afforded not so much as a blade of grase as cover before they reach- ed the dead ground at the foot of the jenemy's works. "It was the 2d brigade, under the Earl of Longford, consisting of Bucks, Berks and Dorsets, which made the final glorious charge in conjunction with the '87th brigade and obtained tentp'orary possession of Hill 70, which had subsequently to be aban- doned in the night. The losses of the ' brigade were very heavy, the Bucks regiments losing almost all their of fivers and men. • "The arrival of the 29th division on the battlefield stimulated the whole army and showed how seriously our leaders regarded the task ahead. The division' was ranged along a line stretching from Hill 70 to Hill 112. The 87th Brigade was ordered to at- tack Hill 70 and the 86th Hill 112. The South Wales Borderers acted as a connecting link between the two. The 88th Brigade, which had suffer- ed very heavy losses at Helles on August 6, was held in reserve. Whole Army Watching Them. "The men of the 29th rested quietly in their trenches during the morning. They realized that every eye of the whole army was watching them and that a signal, if dangerous, honor had been conferred on them. Throughout the afternoon the 88th Brigade made repeated ,efforts to advance on Hill 112, suffering heavy losses, but could make no progress in the face of the enemy's determined resistance. "When the final efort was made to capture Hill 70 late in the afternoon, the South Wales Borderers who had been held in reserve, were brought up. This regiment advanced against the south face and dug themselves in beneath the crest before the 2d yeo- manry brigade, under Lord Longford, came up from behind Lelia Baba. There they remained until it was- al- most dark, taking part in the final charge which gained possession of he deg."It will thus be seen from this brief unmary that the brunt of fighting on August 21 again fell on the 20th ivision, but even the efforts of these heroic troops, ably seconded by the yeomanry, failed to achieve success against an enemy equally brave and determined, who enjoyed the ineal- curable advantage of fighting behind intrenchments on commanding hills. But the 20th division has only added, to its fame by this failure," et Great men are ordinary people with th r understandings polished. COlYIPULSORY JOY. German Patriotic Demonstrations Not Spontaneous, We have more than onee published extracts from the German press, says the London Daily Telegraph, which showed that the flag-waving andother patriotic demonstrations which in- variably take place all over the coun- try when the German staff reports a new "victory" are by no :means spon- taneous on the part of the public, It is, in fact, a standing order in most German cities that on such occasions every householder Must display bunt- ing, nothing but extreme poverty be- ing accepted as an excuse for . omis- sion to do so. But the 'Prussian au- thorities in Alsace-Lorraine have gone farther than this. It is not enough that the inhabitants of Strassburg and other Francophile cities should be compelled to make a pretence of re- joicing over German successes. With that .characteristic attention to de- tail which naturally extends to their methods of mean persecution, the Prussian authorities have now com- manded that henceforth all the churches in Alsace-Lorraine must be decked with German colors on receipt of "victorious news." The Vossische Zeitung gives the text of this order, which was conveyed to the. Bishop of Metz in the following letter from the Secretary of State for Alsace-Lor- raine,' Count von Roden: "On one single occasion the general commanding the 16th and 21st Army Corps induced the ecclesiastical edi- fices to take part in the general flag display to commemorate a victory. It now seems desirable that the wish of the local clergy to give visible ex- pression to their patriotic sentiments and those of the people should be complied with. May I, therefore, re- spectfully suggest to your grace that an agreement be arrived at between the clergy of the diocese with a view to having churches and parsonages decorated with the national colors on receipt of news of victory." In order to make it clear that this note, in spite of its polite phraseology, is a definite order, the Vossische Zeitung heads it, "A Warning to the Clergy of Alsace-Lorraine," and adds "In view of this note the clergy have been summoned by the bishop to con- form to the wishes of the authorities." KNEW USE OF ANESTHETICS. Ancient Surgeons Familiar with Me - hods of Alleviating Pain.. Those who imagine that surgical knowledge began with Iater genera- tions, and that the discovery of chloro- form revolutionized the science, should read an "article recently pub- lished by Dr. J. de Fenton, in the South African Journal of Science. Various anesthetizing media and methods were well known both in an- tiquity and during the Middle Ages. Homer mentions the anesthetic effects of nepenthe; Herodotus states that the Scythians obtained similar effects from the vapors of hemp, produced by throwing hemp seeds on hot stones. A Chinese physician of the third cen- tury B.C. gave his patients a pre- paration of hemp to make them in- sensible during surgical operations. r The most important anesthetic of ancient and medieval tines was, how- fi ever, wine of mandragora, the use of a which is mentioned by a great .num e ber of early writers, and is referred to by Shakespeare. More recently, in q the year 1760, the German surgeon Weiss, better known as Albinus, am- 0 putated the foot of Augustus III., . King of Poland, while under the in- a fluence of mandragora. Two other anesthetizing agencies b were employed in very early times, a arterial compression and hypnotism. It is said that the ancient Assyrians produced a lethargic state by coin- a pression of the carotid artery before e performing the operation of circum- e vision. ,Y. iCOUNTLESS FLOCKS OF SHEEN.' Booing Billions on the Steppes of Russia, Russia ranks among the first of the old-world nations where sheep are concerned. In southern Russia, where the plains, or steppes, as they are called, stretch :across the enormous empire from the outskirts aHungary to Mongolia,, countless Seeks of sheep ream. One man often possesses as many as 500,000 • or 000,000 sheep. The number of sheep being raised on the steppes gets larger every year, but this is not because they are care- fully nurtured. They are, in fact, ex- posed to the most severe weather, and the . scorching heat of summer and the freezing blasts of winter are only to be dreaded second to the hur- ricanes which sweep over the plains at times. During the tempests the sheep make no effort to weather the storm, but run panic-stricken before the wind, and are forced by the thousand into the 'streams and ravines with which the steppes are intertwined. Were it • not for the intelligent use of goats neither the shepherds nor their dogs could avail much at such times, for the sheep can scarcely ever be brought !to face the terrible winds or to seek the shelter of a ravine. But with every hunt'''ed sheep three or four goats are kept, and, as these can easily be made to face almost any wind, they are used to lead the way down the rugged descents and the sheep follow blindly. The shepherd of a large flock, or ottara, is called a tschabawn. The tschabawn usually owns a wagon or two, drawn by oxen, in 'which he car- ries his provisions and cooking uten- sils, together with the skins of such sheep as have died and those of wolves he has killed, The wagon or wagons lead the van when this wild shepherd travels, next he comes,- and after him trail the sheep. When he comes to good pasture he does not .leave until the grass has been eaten down, and even when on the march his encampment is seldom more than two or three miles from where he started at sunrise. From five to six hundred ewes are in the ottara, and the tschabawn draws the milk from them and places it in huge shallow wooden bowls to be exposed to the sun and made into a kind of cheese, known as "brinse," very popular in Russia and East Ger- many. During the severe ...winter months the sheep are sheltered, but in spring, summer and autumn they are pastur- ed on the plains. When the evening meal is over the• shepherds and their dogs sit about a fire of dry reeds and grass for an hour or two. Afterward the arrangements for the night are made. Each man throws his furs, that serve for mattress and coverlet, on the spot the tschabawn has assigned. to him, and between every two beds of the dogs and men the same inter- vals occur. .p EARLIEST SOLAR ECLIPSE. Drunken Chinese Astronomers Failed to Predict the Event. Two Japanese scientists, the Messrs. Hirayama and Ogura, whose esearch work has added considerably o the knowledge of the world, have nally published the results of their ttempts to fix the dates of some arly eclipses recorded in Chinese iterature. The earliest is mentioned n one of the books of the Shu Ching, where it is recorded that in the reign f Chung K'ang, the fourth emperor of the Hsia dynasty, there occurred n eclipse of the sun which had not een predicted by the astronomers, the were alleged to have been drunk nd to have neglected their duties. Renee the customary rites for deliver- ig the sun, which should have been rranged in advance and superintend- d by the astronomers, were in the mergency performed by other of- cials without proper preparation. The emperor accordingly ordered the rmy to punish the astronomers. A ter document makes it impossible to x the date of this event as October 3, 2127 B.C. (Julian calendar) -the a,rliest recorded eclipse in the world. alculation shows that there actually vas a solar eclipse on that date, but obably not in China; though the ele- ents of the motions of the sun and WHAT ISA DAY? fi a la Some Parts of Norway It Lasts Two 1 Months. e A day. is generally supposed to be C a period of twenty-four hours, but w this is not necessarily so. The period pi of the sun's position above the Kori- m zan also constitutes a.day. m The actual measure of time covered , di by a day as we know it is 23 hours, 56 a minutes and 5 seconds. to In some parts of Norway the day tl lasts two whole months without in- terruption! Three and a half months w constitutes the period of the longest c day in Spitsbergen, while the short. s est only registers two and a half hours! That is, judging the actual period of light, which would be the natural day. Petrograd's longest day is nine- teen hours, and the shortest five, At. Hamburg the longest is seventeen, and the shortest seven. London's longest day is, roughly , sixteen and a half, . with the shortest about eight hours. con aro not accurate enough to. in- - es te certainly the path of so remote n eclipse. The authors are inclined think that the information 'fixing le date of the eclipse is due to Chinese' astronomers of a later age; ho calculated that an eclipse Oce u reed .on that date and erroneously apposed that it was visible in China, Changed Circunlstauces. "Before Kate mar"r"ied llfr. Rich- leigh she Used to walk in her sleek, "What does she do now ---ride in an automobile?" Men who consider themselves to be of very great importance frequently treat their 'wives and children als: if they were of no in;,k1rtaile04