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Zurich Herald, 1923-11-07, Page 6_• Addresa eommunlcationa to Agror -no73 Adelaide St. West, Toronto WINTERING BEES.,the population of the world was two Every spring beekeepers filed froand ane -half tinges as great as it was 5 to '50 per gent. of their; colonies have' in the year 1800.` Increases be pope died during the winter, or are very • laden demand corresponding increases weak in the spring. There is no rea- in food supplies. Crop production can. son why the win -ter loss. should lee be increased by extending, the twee - higher than 2 or 3 per cent., provided age under cultivation and by obt-iin the beekeeper will prepare and pack ing higher yields per acre. Of these the bees properly, so says Professor two methods the latter is probably the Eric Millen of the 0. A, C. The first most important at the presenttime, so step is to make sere every colony has says Dr. C. A, Zavitz of the Ontario a queen. As it is too late to requeen I Agricultural College. now, queenless colonies should be un-; One of the aims. of the Field I-ius- ited with those having a queen. Place bandry Department of the 0. A. C. . a sheet of newspaper on top of a • has been to bring about inereased acre strong queen -right colony, and place' yields of high quality on the indi- the,. broodchamber of the queenless vidual fauns. With this object in colony on top. Leave them for a view over 2,500 varieties of farm week and then shake the bees into' crops obtained from different parts of the lower broodchamber and remove the world have been grown under test the upper broodchamber. It is taken and their adaptabilities for Ontario for granted that no American foul- conditions carefully studied. From brood exists in the apiary. Otherwise,' some of the varieties of greatest Mee - colonies should not be .united, but it improved strains and varieties have rather destroy the queenless colonies been obtained through careful selec- and combs, if diseased. , tions from Iarge nurseries, planted by The next step is to see that each hand, with thousands of selected seeds. colony has sufficient bees to cover at As a last resort, 'controlled cross - least three frames on both sides, if fertilization has been used to origin examined on a cold morning when the . ate new varieties superior to those ob- bees are clustered. This will insure tained through selection from the var- enough bees to cone through the win- ieties of highest record. For some time ter, provided the stores and protection" past we have grown and examined are adequate. k very, important fat- annually an average of about 50,000 tor of wintering is the question of hybrid plants of farm crops. The food. Many beekeepers give, -every plant improvement work has included colony ten or fifteen. pounds of sugar grain, forage, root and tuber crops.. syrup made in the proportion of 21/21 The varieties of highest merit ob- of sugar to one of water and fed in an, tainable by plant breeding at the Col - inverted feeder over the brood frames.: lege are distributed to the' farmers for This is done in many cases regardless co-operative experiments on their own oi. the amount of stores the colony has.' farms. If they prove worthy under Every colony should have at least 45 the local conditions they are soon in - pounds of food to ensure successful creased by the experimentersthem- wintering and an opportunity to in selves at no additional cost' for seed. - crease in strength in the spring. The surplus is often sold to, neighbors Bees should be kept in a naturally, and to others to mutual advantage. protected place for winter, or a board Through this process the acre yields fence should be erected around the' of several of the farm crops of On - apiary to form a wind protection. Col- tario have been increased consider- onies niay be packed singly, two in a ably. These increases will be even case, four in a ease, or in any other greater as some of the new varieties way desired by the beekeeper. Three' become better established _ -and as or four inches of packing should be others are introduced,' placed all around the colony, and not According to the reports of the, On - less than eight -inches on top. Dry tario Department of Agriculture the leaves, planer shavings or cork chips Iast twenty-one years' increases in make- satisfactory pacicing material. acre yields of barley, oats and winter If the beekeeper will see that his col- wheat, in comparison with the two onies are put away for winter inood previous decades, amounted to 249, condition, the winter , loss wr bei 1750,411 bushels, which. valued at aver- .. _ negligible, age market prices reached a total of -The De ailment: of :A •icirltu r taiSk �. s r` i y O � very' glgi • . ans • er , ny ert"qurrres. r, garding the care of the apiary. AUTUMN 'FEEDS WHICIi PRO- DUCE UNDESIRABLE FLAVORS IN MILK, $161,049,877.71. This is over thirty e het expenditure. iculturai College from its commencement in 1874 to the present time. It might be noted that these 'in-. creases In yield per acre have been made in spite of a natural tendency, towards a decrease acre yield in a comparatively' new ' country where commercial fertilizers are not used generally with farm crops. Undoubtedly, the general use of these ,high, yielding new varieties of good quality has been the greatest factor in 'bringing about these sub- stantial increases -in acre yields throughout Ontario. One of the worst weeds for produc- ing bad flavors in milk during the autumn season is rag -weed, so says Professor H. •H. Dean of the Ontario Agricultural • College. This give a peculiar pungent odor to milk which. is very objectionable for both cheese and butterrnaking. For condensing, powdering, and for city milk and cream trade such milk would be re- jected and returned to the farmer. I know of a case where a cheese- maker was obliged to leave the fac- tory because the cheese was rejected by the cheese buyers on account of bad flavor. On investiation it was found that ragweed grew on many patrons' farms nearly as high' as the fences. When pastures are short, as they frequently are in September and October, the cattle eat the weed. This taints the milk and causes no end of trouble for both cheese and butter - makers, The remedy, of course, is to rid the farms of this noxious weed, or else prevent the cows from pasturing fields where the ragweed grows. Sometimes very rank clover will give a taint to the milk. The remedy is to turn the cows into a fresh clover field for but a short time each day until the cows grow accustomed to the clover and the persons buying or using the milk become adjustedto the change in flavor. Among crops grown for feeding purposes, one of the worst flavored is turnip tops. As'soon as, the turnip crop is harvested some farmers turn their cattle into the turnip field to clean up the tops, small turnips, etc. This practice is sure to result in bad-. flavored milk and cream. Most cream- ery men warn their patrons against this, as it has been found impossible to prevent t'urnip,.tainted butter where much cream comes from farms where "cows break into the turnip field unknown to the owner." Rape is nearly as bad as turnip tops. In beef -raising sections, where rape is largely grown for fattening, cattle and sheep, the eows, if allowed into the rake field, are almost sure' to give tainted milk. If the fanner is using the milk and cream at home and likes the turnip or rape flavor, all right, but tosell this raw material for l manttfaeturing: purposes will spoil' the cheese ailed butter.. We cannot be too careful with the autumn foods for. dairy cows. Prices are usually good and we' trust produce milk of good flavor. WORTH MILLIONS OP DOLLARS TO ONTARIO: Che economic iiroductioii of an abu tdant ysu 1' of food is one of the titiCatest problems of mankind. In 1010 HOGS "It used to 'puzzle me to make spring pigs take enough exercise, especially when the weather was cold and rainy and the lots were muddy and not fit for them to run in," says Frank Carsons, a practical young farmer, "but I've found uut how , to, do it. "I turn the sows outside to feed them three times a day, and shut them away from the pigs for an hour or more at each feeding time. It's not long • before the pigs get hungry, and begin squealing. The old sows answer them from the outside. The pigs get more vociferous than ever, the old sow more insistent on getting .in to her pigs. Soon both pigs and sows are walking back and forth, the pigs fairly tumbling over each other." Last spring Mr. Carsons kept his sows and pigs in the farrowing quar- ters for four weks, before turning them out, yet I've not found a bt of spring pigs more thrifty and growthy than his. He had seventy-five husky fellows :from nine sows, better than eight to the sow, when I was on his .farm in middle May. "This keeps the tender pigs out of ,the muddy, filthy lots around the hog house," said Carsons. "I cleaned and disinfected - the farrowing quarters before I put the sows in. Z cleaned the concrete floor on the outside in the• same way" DAIRY. Dairymen always have a few heif- ers coming fresh in the fall, and to feed them so they willdevelop into profatable`tows is a vital matter' as the future improvement of the herd rests with the young stook Heifers ' that freshet en pasture generally get along all right up to freshening time, but as son ase they freshen I like to have them where 1 can give them special attention. I take the deli away just EIS soon as pea - agile. If the weather is cold I keep the heifer in the stable for a few days. T bpractee Seeding heifers that are about to resheni light grain ration few weeks before freshening, This eurour•xbe; 'them to come to the stable "LET'S KEEP OUT OF THE R. (a wJdKS_...-.-�z • RAIN, CHILDREN" --From the Sunday Chronicle. with the herd. They also hem/nee—tie enabled them to make a gain of $1,56 customed to. eating green fodderaagng per steer over the 'others. • with the herd. In an experiment to ascertain the A newly freshened heifer is leer difference between early and late, likely to eat heartily of all; kinds sofrain feeding, eighteen rade . Short food especially -grain, h g' d g p y -grain; that is.pui;,:,lae.hoxns were divided in the fall as fore her, and right here is'where,the ? evenly as possible into three lots of danger lies. The feeder must exeeerae.: six steers each. They all received forty good judgment right from the; ' are, pounds of ensilage per head and as' j I want to know just how :much gi du much hay as they could eat up .clean.' I am feeding in a ration. Qverfeefjix g After grain feeding 'began the en -1 is dangerous. . "' silage ration was gradually reduced.! Variety in a ration is' very essential; Lots No. 1 and 2 were fed meal from November 15 and January 15 onward,". respectively, while Iot No. 3 received j only ensilage and hay until March 1. Diseases of Animals Gau ed by Parasites{ By C. D. McGilvray, M.D,V.,, Ontario Department of Agriculture, Of the diseases affecting- faun anis. mals, those caused by parasites are among the most common. A parasite may be described as a living organism which, for the pur- pose of obtaining nourishment, passes the whole or a portion of its existence upon the surface, or within the body of an animal, usually to the injury of the one thus affected. Unfortunately; a state of incliffcr- ence too often 0/is-Le as to'the loss incurred from parasites affecting live stock. This indifference may be owing to the facttl°ht a comparatively small number of animals may immediately succumb to the attacks of the para- sites, or the exact cause may be un- suspected or overlooked. Aside, how- ever, from the actual loss resulting from the death of animals attacked by parasites, a greater material loss is often sustained in the general un - thriftiness and poor condition which they cause where a large number of animals are affected. If • these losses are to be reduced and avoided, measures must be adopted by stock owners to prevent their animals from becoming infested and to relieve the affected ones of their presence and in - miens effects. Parasites produce their rnjurious >effects in various ways and may infest the surface of the body, causing skirt diseases, or they may in- fest the internal parts of the body, such as the bowels, and seriously in- ure the animal's health. Of the con- ditions caused by parasitesaffecting the skin, the following may be men- tioned as being among the most com- mon and frequently met with, viz.:— Lousiness, Ringworm, Sheep Scab, Warbles in cattle. Of the conditions caused by parasites inside the body, the following are among the most common :—Bots in horses, Tape Worm diseases, Lung Worm diseases, Pin Worm diseases, and Gid in sheep. Each of these is of sufficient im- portance to merit special consideration and will be dealt with in separate, ucceeding articles as to their nature, auses, treatment and prevention. LOUSINESS. in feeding a newly freshened' Leper. Her appetite may be good feee,ai4eW days following freshening, but •is very easily upset. I like to add a ,little The meal mixture was made up of more bran to the ration then I do:for' : ground elevator screenings two parts older cows. I have always had good : and oats and bran one part each. success in compounding a .ration for During the last few weeks of feeding, feeding newly freshened heifers, from cornmeal was- used in place of oats. oats, barley and cora_.ground with an; The steers were stabled the first week equal amount, by weight, of :: wheat in November and marketed about the bran. : first of May. The results of two years' The roughage ration should: Ire .as trial show that 'lots Nos. 1 and 2 wide in variety as possible. While on ,made a greater average daily gain pasture during the fall it is not guile than.lot No. 3, but, as the latter n'iade so important; to feed a variety' of: their gains largely on cheap.,. home- roughage, but as soon as the heed is grown feeds, they . made " a greater stabled for the winter I like to, begin' profit over cost of feed than the other s feeding a variety. Ido not `think it two lots, the .average profit over cost c pays to buy .roughage en Order to' of feed of, lot No. 1 being $4.25 per furnish this •variety. .Such rougliages ;,steer, of lot No. 2, $4.26 per steer, and as corn silage, bean.peds, clover ;sand lot No. 3, $8.34 per steer. alfalfa hay, dry corn 'stover and. :oat` • A third experiment; which has been 1 and pea hay are excellent - I n i l co dt cted at Lennoxville Station for I find it a wise' plarf•to irate .the `,several years, is to determine whether ration for a newly £reshcned heifer as'steers when dehorned and allowed to p palatable as possible. It rs advisable-`ruri 'loose in box stalls make as -'good i to encourage her toi eat> we11, as she gains' as those tied ruse in the stable. is shouldering 'a double, burgled:` Tiwo lots of ten steers were used, all must sustain hes own physrca% vigor,' .being given identical rations. A table continue:' to develop herself and give; covering four years in the report a good flow, of 'milk. 'To do .}ie bes£ ..,. , .. shows: that, independent of the savings n aye" dher du o�h rse h a e if a mustequipment, . tY,t s .. . , _ > _ .labor . 'and. n _.d o. e rn d .:,...elf.. its e the bestsed and -car f e. eo C L , :,. .�;., a .. . ��°��a ee s wintered r w d and fattened in !af ge nolds. ' pens ?rade cheaper gains each year.. In. order to ' ascertain whether. re- s Winter. Feedlirig Cattle cleaned ' elevator screenings make a c • g Several iriteresting •and" valuable, suitable meal ration. for winter fatten- experiments have been',tried-in•recent ing;of beef cattle, two lots of, eight years in the winter feeding. of cattle, steers each were • fed` the sante hay and at the Dominion Experimental. Station ensilage ration, but lot No. 1 received at Lennoxviile; Que...In one _experi-, a meal ration composed of bran, corn, ment two lots of ten steers each were ground oats and barley, while lot No. used to ascertain the difference in pro- 2 received, gropnd'screening two parts fit, if any, between • light and heavy and bran one part. A table giving the. steers. The,light steers averaged; 719. average of two years' results shows lbs. each and the heavy 886 Ibs. •per that lot No. 2, comprising the steers 'steer when they entered the stable;.in. fed screenings and bran, made slightly the fall. The first lot cost 41/2 cents ,the cheapest' gains. The Superintend - per pound to purchase in the first in- rent of the Station, Mr. J. A. McClary, stance and the second lot 6r/ cents remarks that "screenings are a value per Ib. When taken up, the.;Iight °able feed when they can be bought at steers weighed ;983 lbs. each and .the' a reasonable price.` Owing to their heavy steers 1,169.5 lbs. A table; given' tendency,_however, to vary in quality in the Superintendent's report for` and weed' seed content, they should be 1922 shows that, although the lighter,- bought on a basis of analysis only. steers cost a cent a pound less:when Ground screenings are too heavy and , purchased, yet the greater gainsitiade by the heavier'steers, coupled with 'the extra price realized en account of their superior finish when marketed, The term Lousiness is epplied to the nfestation of the body surface with' ice, of which there are several dif- ferent kinds affecting animals. Their resence is a source of annoyance and rritation to the animals which they nfest, and leads to ttnthriftieess and loss of condition.. Lice multiply very quickly and re- produce themselves by layingeggs, which become attached to ^the hairs and are commonly known as "nits." Poultry are frequently troubled with lice and, if allowed''toeiesl or roost in the -stables, they become a great ource of annoyance to horses and attle by the hen lice attacking them. Symptoms of Lousiness -The symp- toms of lousiness are somewhat: simi- lar in all animals and, in general, is manifested by a considerable amount of itchiness, rubbing and scratching of the skin. The presence of lice should arrays be suspected where ani-1l mals are noticed to be frequently icking and biting themselves, and) ubbing against stalls in the.stable or posts outside. The continual cratching and rubbing of the skin auses the hair to become rubbed off, nd bare patches of skin to appear, nd also the formation of crusts and, cabs in many cases. By examining he skin closely the lice themselves, r their "nits" may be detected. Treatment ornd Prevention of ,Goicx�' ness—In treating 'horses and cattle troubled with lice, it the season of the year and stable eonditiozis will permit, it is advantageous to commence by clipping the hair over the surface of the body. The hair which is thus re- moved should be 'burned: To still and get rid of the lice and .nits creolin applications are probably'the best. This treatment consists: in thoroughly washing the body with soap acid warm water to which has been; added suffi- cient creolin to make a' 3 per' cent, solution, that is, three parts of ereolin added to 100 parts of water. This. washing and dressing should be re- peated at intervals- of a week until all lice and "nits" are destroyed. As a'. rule, two or three applications of this treatment, if properly and thoroughly applied, are sufficient to effect a cure, nevertheless the' treatment may be re- peated as often as may be necessary without' causing harm `to the animal. Ano"thee simple remedy is the use of a decoction of tobacco. This is made by boiling ordinary chewing tobacco in water and then washing 'the sur- face of the body with the mixture.' This should be applied at least once a week for several weeks, in order- to kill both the lice and nits which may be hatching. Of the two forms of treatment, however, the creolin treat- ment is probably the best. When the weather is too cold and stable conditions will not permit washing the body; other agents, such as insect powders, may be dusted over the surface of the body and, for -this purpose, what is known as Persian. Insect Powder is a good remedy. In addition to the treat fected animals, precautions must also be taken to keep the lousy animals r s c a a s t 0 • from corning into close contact with other clean animals until cured. In addition, curry combs,'" brushes and blankets should be boiled or steamed,. or washed with the creolin solution. This is for the purpose of destroying any lice or nits adhering to them. The stables should be cleaned and all bedding removed and burned. The stalls and posts in' stables should be whitewashed. If poultry have .access to stables, steps should be taken to prevent them roosting therein, as they. are frequently the cause of infesting -horses with hen lice, which cause an intense itchiness and irritation of the skin, of horses. Sheep which are affected with lice should be dipped, after having been sheared, in: the creolin mixture or else in a mixture of lime and • sulphur. If, owing to ^the season of the year, it is ;�notn- convenient to dip; the sheep, insect powder may be well rubbed into the fleece. In the.case of hogs, their bodies should be thoroughly washed with the creolin solution at intervals of one week until all lice are destroyed_ Their, pens should also be kept clean. In the case of poultry affected with" lice, a number of different remedies are recommended, of which probably, insect powders are the handiest and best. Any good, reliable insect powder may be used in accordance with the directions which accompany the pack- age. One of the essential factors!) however, in controlling Iice affecting. poultry is to keep the hen.house, par- ticularly the roosts, nests and'drop- ping boards, clean and disinfected from time to time with' a solution of limewash and creolin. pasty for feeding alone, and, there- fore, should be mixed with bran or ground oats to render them . more di- THE CHILDREN'S gestible." Henle 'Education "The Child's First Bellies la the Family"-Froebele Only One 'Supervisor' at a Time, Please! By Helen Gregg Green Aunt Becky and I were calling .at the home of a new neighbor recently. Aunt Becky is neighborhood -aunt and family counsellor to all of us She. had known the new -corner for, years, while "Patsy" as she called her,, had ben living in a suburb of the city. Patsy has four children, the oldest ten and the youngest three, Patsy's. elderly cousin Edith lived with them. Wehappened to see the children all together, as our little visit was trade on a day when they tvere not in school. I soon noticed that neither Patsy nor cousin Edith had, any control over the children. , I wondered at this, as they seemed to be conscientiously striving fon dis- cipline. While I was inwardly stud in he y g t situation I found the trouble. Patsy Jr. • was plainly straying from the way of right, �;; "Patsy, Jr., Patsy, Jr., sttr " . :.. same., excitedly front: cousin Edith, and, "Patsy, dear, don't," iiriplored, Pat- sy, Sr. "I was just telling Sister th.tit she shouldn't do that," drawled 'tee -year- old Maybelle, then e Z Item tie And t]'The trouble was •--too many supervisors. No doubt every time a child commit-; ted a misdemeanor, Aunt Edith, ,Moth- er Patsy,Daddy, if h e Were present, and the ofher nhil rea, took a':lraincl it the disciplining. While I was thinking, Aunt Becky was talking. "My dear," she was saying, "don't you know that a child . should be dis- ciplined by only one person at a time. Toe many supervisors giving instruc- tions is confusing to the young mind, In this way your disciplinebecomes weakened. I should think you would know better, Edith Sykes, having taught school' fifteen years." "Why--er-er, Z never thought of applying my pedagogy to my nieces and nephews," frowned Aunt Edith. `Why not? You taught school suc- cessfully, Now help Patsy to raise, her children successfully." "Why, Aunt Becky, how do you, a spinster, happen to know so much about children?" Patsy smiled. "Oh, Aunt Becky knews more than all the rest of us put together," I of- fered, , The next time 1 called on the inter- esting Y, estin little fele-illy, I noticed a , de- cided change. The children were all better behaved and happier. "Ve.i,' Aunt I3,ectcy: knows what she'e. talking, about, all right," Aunt Edith admitted, "Indeed she does!" . And Patsy Sr; turned adoring eYes toward four hap- Zy children playing in the corner of the long room; "We :hope she will. come often." "lessons!", - And. give us added Cou- sin Edith, her eyes twinkling. ��. HOUR A FELLOW'S MOTHER. "A fellow's mother," said Fred the wise, With his rosy cheeks and merry eyes, "Knows what to do if a fellow gets hurt By a bump or - a Bruise or a fall in the" dirt. "A fellow's - mother has . rags and strings, Bags and buttons and lots of things; No matter how busy she,is, she'll stop. To see how well you can spin your top. f "She does not care—not much, I mean, If a fellow's face is not quite clean; And if your trousers are torn at the knee, She can put in a patch you'd never see. "A fellow'sanother is never ntad,. And only sorry if you are bad; And I'll tell you this, if you are only true, i. ,She 11 always forgive your ,Whatever you do. "A fellow's mean who would never try To keep the tears, from her -loving eye; And the fellow's worse who sees it not, That his mother's =the truest friend he's got!" •-Margaret Sangster. HIS FIRST AND LAST SPARROW. It ,happened. in " a small country x town one blight s,ptieg day. Jim, the Widow's boy, Lend arisen early to go out' into the woods that nto ring, Ile carried With hien the shotgun which he had earned for himself during the long winter months. He felt proud of himselfas he hurried out into the, open air with his gun thrown care; lessly over his shoulder. He was ` whistling—and thinking. He thought of his chances of earning .. extra money for himself and possibly for the family. He would buy clothes, for his mother and baby sister, Per- haps he would be able to earn enough with the skins to support them all. He'had heard and read about men who had done such great things. Many were the hopes of nine-year-old Jim, as he approached the woods of Rocky Hill that spring morning. It was some three hours later when I saw the lad again. ' I caught a glimpse of him returning home ' and, anxious to know of his success, I went :. out to meet him. He still carried his gun over his shoulder, but I noticed that he ` held something in his right hand. Yes! It was a tiny,'Bleeding" sparrow. As .Jim came nearer to me, I could also see that he was crying, crying as if his heart li. vouid break, I immediately went up 1.0 him and asked hint what the trouble was. "I've gone mid killed him," was sus';'•: sobbing reply. And it spite of my many questions concerning his shooting and how he happened to kill the sparrow, he:would merely say, , "Oh. Aunt E I've Yr , I shot him dead. I've die ve gone and killed the lite tie 'sparrow." That afternoon }a tiny burial wwa y s halo up in the bank lot; Jrmin y was the minister, theall-bearer, and the e grave -digger, That g g'g nighta sfiot un g was placed up in the attic far out bf reach. --Evelyn trete Batting. Gren'roa says: Some folks spend alk their time playing bridge, running club meetings, and neglect their chit. dren; others spend all their titre scrubbingfloors dustingfurniture, scouring pails, raking bread, and tog, y y 1?et their children.dart t just any Which i're' n rc1 cltrt ., look •