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Zurich Herald, 1923-08-09, Page 7• and milk production. Even tlu not allowed to stand, and in the ear months of 1923 a British Celumbia cow .surpassed all world butter pro- duction records and is still the world's champion cow. In the .consideration of Canada's yot'ith as a dairy country such achieve- ti`w.� ' - - ments are commendable, and already the high type of Canadian'dairy,eat- Address- communications to Agronomist, 13 ,Adelaide $t. West, Toronto ale. has attracted 'wide attention and made these animals in great and ex - THE FIRST STEP TOWARDS THE ent in the field as Small reddish or tezisive demand, Each year prime CROP OF 1924. ; purplish discolorations on the leaf, Canadian dairy cattle are;. distributed It may ap ear to be 'a little too but with the progress of . the disease all over the American continent and early to begin thinkingof next year's 1 these circular spote rapidly enlarge, shipments have been made to' the °' honey crop but the uccessful bee the central portion becomes ;greyish in British Isles and the European con- keeper lmows that the success of next color, while the remainder of the spot tinent, Australian buyers have se - years crop dependsuponthe pre - shades through a reddish- brown to cured animals for their herds in On- ` parations made for it and the time the margin, which remains purple, tario and animals from the same they are made. A successful season depends to a large extent upon good wintering. Good wintering depends Upon three things, namely: colonies well filled' with young bees, an abun- dance of wholesome stores, and ade- quate' protection from the varying outside temperatures :during the win- ter and early spring. The first' thing then is to get col- onies well filled with young,' bees and to get thembefore the winter sets This is a very striking` leaf spot. pe- ince have gone to Japan: Shipments casionally these circular spots fall out, have been made from Vancouver to giving the leaf a shot -hole, appearance. Peru, West Indies and the Hawaiian On severely affected leaves these Islands. , spots may coalesce to such an extent HIGH RUALITY BUTTER PRODUCTION. that irregular blotches practically 1 The production •of such • superior cover the etre surface of the leaflet. .cattle is only one of the phases of the Similar lesions also occur on the other industry . The butter product, under susceptible parts of the plant. I careful manufacture and skilful grad - Another leaf spot, perhaps not so fag and packing,• is as corresponding common in some districts, is the so-' ly high. These qualities have easily called leaf scorch. The leaf scorch,' extended the demand for .it, and now in. This means that we must have in the early spring, appears as small Canadian butteris penetrating into the bees roduced between the months irregular purple blotches not •unlike many countries; of the world, some of P ' the earlystages of leaf spot Latex' of July. and. October and in order to gwhich have for centuries been eminent. do this we ,must have a prolific queen these. spots enlarge and coalesce much in the dairy industry. Between the in the hive during the months' of the .sante as in the. case of spot, years 1868 and 1872 Canada exported August and September. - The first forming iri:egular ,blotches • which, an average of 15,097,000 pounds of g p step, therefore- in producing a crop often cover the .entire surface of: the butter' worth $2,760,000 per'year, and of hone ' in 1924 is to see that every 'leaflets. The central portion of that by the period "1.898-1902 was exporting Y i ( colony is headed with a good, prolific • p s of or blotch however' pounds worth remains dark: 20168 000 3> 905 000. queen during the latter part of July in color, and this 'characternstic gives, In the year 1922, Canada, s butter: ex - or the first week in August.A good us a ready means of distinguishing ports amounted to 21,994,578 pounds .' second year queen will often produce the required number of bees in the fall but she is very likely to get lost during the winter or fail the follow- ing spring. A young queen reared during the latter part of June or July is the most dependable for she is not only prolific during the fall but she is comparatively young and prolific the next spring,the two seasons of the year when brood production counts most. Every beekeeper should examine his colonies during the latter part of July. and destroy all queens that show the least signs of, *failing, replacing them with young queens that are prolific. Old queens that are still producing a maximum. amount of brood can be left. and replaced later in the season by younger queens. A good system of requeening the colonies is. one 'that is combined with swarm control measures, that Is, in- wind borne from diseased to healthy ` thus setting up new infection • time treatment ilk queen at the same plants,. the applied to control in the patch. This accounts for swarming, •, During the : main flow necessity throughout the :.summer of from clover, when swarming is mostrepeated- sprayings in badly diseased the best quality, even though you have intense and the colonies have larvae' patches. no silo. ` The last two seasons we have in 'queen cups, remove :the old -queen! Control—These two diseases are stacked our fodder ec rr geeii as soon. ;from the. hive and destroy,: allqueen' conte ,led,. by: the <.same operations... after..:beangd,edta as.. �esekble and .....a° 4l , p , T „ Fpeeeent ..,.Nine days later again: When: the` first symptoms of , either are very enthusiastic about the re- t l"" .w,° eve • all queen cells and introduce leaf spot or leaf scorch (small purple sults. Many farmers are continually a..young laying queen. By this method discoloration's)' have been noted in the conning here to see our silage stack. the swarming is. controlled the patch, spray- immediately with a 4-4- and to ask about our method. colonies are requeened at the right t 40 Bordeaux mixture. It will be gen- We build a stack about twenty feet time. If the old queen is prolific and I erally necessary to continue these square .and try to keep itperfectly increaseis desired a frame or two of sprayings every two or three weeks straight and even on the'eides and flat emerging brood may be removed with during the season. The following sea -tion top• We commence stacking as Aucher and placed in"a new hive. This sons, spray ,with the same mixture soon as we:get 'enough cut and stack taus can be built up into a Stroh l before the;. blossoms open,' again' it before it gp , g dunes out. : The silage in colony by fall when the old queen can after the fruit, is picked. ,To obtain our stack seems tobe sweeter be re laced b ' a P weer than p y • young one. --C. B. good 'yields from a, strawberry patch, some that is in a silo. There is onlyY Gooder h m, Dominion Apiarist: the leaves -must be kept free from about ' a loot at the bottom of our these two leaf spot- diseases. As this, valued at $8,243,148. This wentto disease progresses all the leaves of a the : United Kingdom, the • United plant take on a dry, burned appear -I States, Belgium, Bermuda, British ance. Lesions occur not only on the Guiana, Honduras, 'Barbados, Jae leaves, but also on the petiole and a maim, Trinidad, .China, Cuba, 1 ranee, fruit pedicel, where frequently sunken Hong Kong, Newfoundland, St. Pierre lesions are formed which girdle and and Miquelon, and other countries." sometimes kill' these parts. In, the new trend exhibited in recent As a result of the attack of both years Canada may be said to have these fungal diseases, the foliage is only set out to make a mark in the impaired and the vitality, of the plant dairy industry. It is ' only of late greatly weakened. In severe cases years that dairy farms have come to the leaves are so affected' that the be established at all widely in the plants die. In any case the plant is Western provinces and the cattle and weakened 'and the next year's crop wheat farms to add a small ` dairy suffers as a consequence. When the herd to their establishment. The in- fruit pedicles are' affected, the ber- ries never mature, but become seedy and worthless. These diseases are rapidly spread Per year, and the tendency is more ac during .the growing season by the centuated at the present time in the spores which are developed , on the determination to make Canada one lesions of the affected parts, and are of the world's foremost dairy coun tries. crease in the number of milch cows in Canada from Confederation to . 1922 has been at the average rate' of 4,793 Stacking Silage. It is quite possible to have silage of STRAWBERRY LEAF SPOTS. Perhaps the most common of the strawberry diseases is the so-called leaf spot. In. this distract this disease is generally found wherever straw- berries are grown. In seine localities very little damage is done to the crop, but in others whole plantations have been completely destroyed. As with. all other fungal diseases, the severity of the -attack depends to a .large ex- tent,,, on the vagaries of the weather man. ' these two diseases, and if the above spray calender is carried out faith- fully, a good, clean strawberry patch will result. Generally after the sec- ond:crop the plants are plowed under. When setting out a new patch, never use plants which show syrup - toms of either of these diseases. A new patch should be sprayed every two or three weeks during the first season: The following seasons two sprays only should be necessary, one before the blossoms open, the other after the fruit has been picked. --G. H. Berkeley, Dominion Laboratory of The Leaf Spot first becomes appar- Plant Pathology, St, Catharirigs, Ont, The Dairy Industry of Canada In the year 1922 the production of dairy products in. Canada accounted for an income of $250,618,000, consti- tuting the second largest item of Do- minion agricultural revenue, being subservient only to the returns.from. the field crops of the country. In the year 1910, .when statisties of value were first compiled, the value of the. dairy products of Canada was 330,- 433,644, the figures of 1922 showing an increase of oyer seven hundred per cent, for the twelve-year period. Be- tween these two years hes the his- tory of a rapid and sensational ascent to dairy eminence. Every province of Canada engages extensively in dairying, as is evident from 'a division of the Dominion total. Of this vette Prince Edward Island accounted for $1,800,000; Nova Sco A Playa Talk. Tile world bas for is just what we have 1.o1' P it is a great whispering galloey whii;h' fit ags back the echoes of our voi'ee.' It we laugh, it laughs back;' if We calve, it curses back. novo is no joy like that *beet caincs from .s useful es.' ,; the perfetun6l:.effoi't:, to do our level best;, to try to get ahead. without eratvding 41tent beck, and injiiiing their opiiortunites or irutorferigg with tlretr rights; making the most of oureelves not only withoutnua•ls ng Anyone else the, poorer, but by helping them ea we go, Wli•a1a a man Boras upward he can ,ca.rry a s,ncire ef: Others with lilDn, if lie, will. tion for $4,400,000 e New Brunswick - for $2,000,000; Quebec for $64,000,- 000; Ontario, $132,000,000;; Manitoba, $13,500,000; Saskatchewan, 89,300,- 000 Alberta, $14,600,000; and British Colunnbia, $8,900,000, • It °is of comparatively recent date since Canada " turned .her attention seriously to dairying.- Whilst the in- dustry on a high standard has long been established in the East, no spe- cial .mark was made in achievement, and it is only a few years since the West diverted its attention from the exclusive raising of cattle and wheat, on a large scale, to the gentler pltases. of raising dairy cattle. It is impossible, however, to over- look the part the Western provinces have played In raising Canada to the eminent position ahe occupies to -day in the dairy industry, and the signifit cant development of the dairy indus- try there. The pace set would neem to have administered a siiiradus to the entire country. FIRST REAL. ACIIlEVENIE T IN 1913, The •first real achievement in the production of a high type of dairy cattle in which the Dominion was to win Snell renown Was when the Prov- ince of Alberta developed the cham- pion milch cow of the British Empire in the Shape of Rosalind of Old Bas- ing in 1918. This showed other prov- inces what could be done ar 4` spurred them to emulation. In 1020, Ontario. produced a world 'champion milker, Bella Pontiac, and since that time Canada .has gone on improving her stock said never permitted the first'. hetet to be wrested away from her, .1'i: Qticbec' cow later made a new ofii- citii world record for combined butter stack that is sour. The first year we 'used- an overshot hay stacker to elevate'. the bundles with after it got higher than a rack, and last year we made a . platform with timbers and planks on top of a deep wagon box. Next year we intend to build an inclined elevator with an endless apron or chain -with slats, to be run with a small gas engine. The idea in mind is to overcome the heavy work of pitching the corn bundles up on a high stack. The first year we put about twelve acres of drilled corn into the stack. We fed the last of it the first part of June. We did not find a bit of mold in the whole stack, with the ex- ception of about a foot on the sides and top. It is not nearly so big a task to feed from the stack as I thought it would be. After we 'get ;down a few feet the bundles come ;out the way they were put in. We cut our stack in sec- tions as we feed from it, and cover the cut with hay or oat bandies. The stack b will retain enough heat all..winter to prevent freezing, excepting a few 1 inches on the face that has been cut. We do not contend that this method should be. -adopted where it is possible h to build ' a modern silo, But in • this s way the small farmer and beginner can have a ice supply of 'succulent feed for his stock even though he can't n afford asilo.—William E. Smith, u novo & ver Heat This .'Biter A Warm house and a cool cellar day and night win- ter throu in•terthrou h:Andasavi»»in your coal -bills of from 'toxo;(. A KELSEY WARM AIR GENERATOR in your cellar will ensure this The Kelsey isthe most efficient and economical system of home heating' ever devised and will heat the smallest cottage or the largest mansion properly and heal thftdlc. MAY WE SEND YOU PARTICULARS? :CANADA FOUNDRIES 8a FORGINGS VIMITED i . JAMES SMART PLANT BROCKVILLE ONT. `.. POULTRY " No matter how careful you have been' to disinfect your houses, paint your perches and protect your birds against body parasites, especially the body louse and the red mite, summer is a dangerous time for these pests. They seem to thrive in warm weather, multiplying rapidly. So it is an ex cellent plan to handle some of your birds frequently, examine the skin be- low the vent and around the abdomen to see if there are any signs of body lice or louse eggs. If you find even a trace of these parasites, His •a good plan to go over your birds with some good louse treatment..• There is probably nothing better than one of the following methods: Either rub a small particle of blue ointment or mercuric ointment well into the down and base of the feathers just below the vent, or- else dust this same section with sodium fluoride. If you want to do : it with the least dis- turbance of the birds, do it while they are on the perches at night, looking them over using a dim flashlight. Even more prevalent in the hot weather are the red mites, those little bloodsucking rascals that Iive in the cracks and crevices of the droppings boards during the day and travel in hordes on the bird's body at night to Suck the blood and irritate and pester the' hen. Fortunate it is that these little fellows cannot travel over greasy surfaces. All we have to do to control them is to paint the•' perches, perch supports and nests whirl waicy paint or a. penetrating tar aint. r. We used to think t`aat kerosene painted on the perches `would do" the trick, but it does not, for it does not reach all of the mites and it evapor- ates quickly. Any of the • so-called perch paints are excellent to use for t Homo Education "The Ch,ild'e First School is the Family"--E~roebei/' r: The Child Who Reads Too 1 weh •-'- By Marion ;Brownfield The modern child reads more than! playing outdoors has 'become viilun'' ever before. Children on the way to -tart'. school, music lessons, or the dentist'e carry fiction to read during every un- occupied minute. 'Even children who dislike to study --because it is some- thing they must do as well as some- thing "uninteresting," will read every boys and girlscan be provided wit s are minute. Theyare the despair of t a c h P P outdoor occupation; - raising floweret parents and teachers, because thrill- vegetables, chickens, rabbits and vagi- ers with the same fascination as the ous other pets. They will be more movies, take the precious time and enthusiastic if there is a definite aim, eyesight that should be used to pre -for instance to cheer up the sick or vent. failure in school! aged friend. ' Children, too, enjoy fin - The most common type is the child aneial profit from a garden. They who, a little delicate, develops into a should be encouraged to market their book worm. I11 health causes this produce among strangers to test their child to :feel disinclined to exertion, .initiative and courtesy. The family and reading ;4s easy entertainment. grocer and restaurants may become Of course the more he reads, the less regular customers. One boy develop - he feels like playing. Reading thus ed a little nursery business by special - constantly reacts against his health. izing with pine trees he had studied As reading is enjoyed- as a diver about in school. Another outdoor :ore sion rather than as study, this should cupation that brought profit was" be borne in mind when ' trying to gathering water cress in a brook and break the habbit, Too often parents selling it to a railway' dining car.. will say, "Don't read this fine day. Young children need to have out - Run outdoors and play!" But if there door occupation that is purely enter - is "nothing to play" outdoors, other taining. A swing, teeter-totter and a than to make... up some imaginary sand pile are among• these. Both playmate in a yard that seems` com- croquet and tennis courts can be laid monplace by daily association, it is out by` amateurs. hardly a counter attraction for an en- Plants and animals. should, be ob- thralling •fairy. . or. adventure , story: served: Contests to name the most The. only real cure is to provide some birds or common weeds furnish incen- outdoor occupation equally as enjoy- tive. Small' bicycle and coasters are able' ase At first especially, just as necessary for girls as for their the .counter attraction needs to be brothers, and nearly all children love more fascinating than later when on outdoor "gyne". Outdoor amusement does not need to be expensive. Clever mothers' de- vise errands that require a walk, for no .child likes to take a walk just for the sake of walking. Shopping of all kinds can be done by children who need exercise in the fresh air. Both DAIRY Cleanliness, is the most important factor in the ; production; of clean, wholesome • intik; Much of the dirt and filth that gets into milk and pro- duces deterioration comes from im- proper methods 'of handling after be- ing. drawn... However, brushing off the loose dirt and dust • about the flanks and udder and wiping the udder with a dry- cloth materially assists in: lessen- ing the danger of dirt getting into the ;silk at milking. Cows during the summer season, if stabled at night or confined to a yard, become more or less dirty about 'their rear quarters and should be thoroughly cleaned` be- fore being milked. I milk my cows in a clean, sanitary stable. I spray the cows before, milk- ing. I tie: their tails so they ca_ nnot switch dirt into the milk while milk- i ing. I, do not allow feeding to be done at milking time. I remove the milk from the stable as soon as drawn, e Insect Pests of Canada and the. his. purpose. The • summer months are generally considered rather a slack time ori the poultry farm, but to' the energetics ambitious poultry raiser, there is lots to= do—repairing the plant, painting the _buildings, putting the roofs in shape, mending fences and gates, set- ting broken window lights, plowing and seeding the yards to summer greens' or to permanent sod, market- ing the surplus cockerels from the late' hatched pullets, and there is no better time of the year to hunt up a better market for your eggs. Gift of Shire Houses to Canada The Minister of Agriculture, Hon.' W. R. Motherwell, stated in the House of Commons recently that the five Shire •horses, donated to Canada by the Shire Horse Association of Great Britain; would be located at the Do- minion . Experimental Station, La- combe, Alberta. The sixth, "Snelston Topper," donated by Mrs. Stanton of Snelston Hall, Ashbourne, will be assigned to the Dominion Experiment-! al Station at LennoxviIle, Que. This disposition, the Minister' stated, was in conformity with the wishes of the donors that' the animals should be Io- cated in districts :where solve atten- tion had already been given to the' reed. The horses reached Canada recent-' y ha charge of the Dominion Animal. Husbandman, Mr. G. B. Rothwell. Those destined for Alberta will be ex-' ibited at various western shows this uminer. , s With the . horses canoe a censign- neat of Ayrshire cattle, a number of , sheep, and a few swine, purchased for c se . at , the, Central Experimental t United States. As a result of an international- con- ference on insects of importance both to the Northwestern States and the Prairie Provinces of Canada, recently held at Winnipeg, Manitoba, plans were perfected for conducting experi- mental work in the control. of these insects. The experiments are to be carried on in such a way as to render the results comparable in all the dis- tricts involved. For the purpose of plotting the occurrence of the prin- cipal insect pests of common import- ance to Canada and the United States, a base map of all the international territory affected has been prepared. The principal pests discussed at the Conference were grasshoppers, .the western wheat -stem sawfiy, the pale, western cutworm, and the Hessian fly The Bureau of Entomology of the United States Department of. Agri- culture was represented at the con- ference, as well as . the Dominion Entomological Branch. • Instead of Soldering. When you' have a leak in your steel watering tanks, feed troughs or dip- ping vats and haven't good luck using solder, try this: Take a small piece of lead, Babbitt metal or solder., --the lead out. of a .22 - calibre rifle shell will do. Cut this so that you can put it through the hole, letting' it. stick out about an. eighth of an inch on each side. Now hold an iron against one side aiid hit the other ide of the lead plug with a hammer until both sides are riveted smoothly. This will stop' the leak, and it won't ohne off as the' best soldering some - hues does. You can also mend all the Only the female palm tree bears Farm, Ottawa, and at various Sta-1 1 dates. tions. .. nlriws6es.-i.Iwdri.iY• eeky pots, pans or buckets around the' Boase by this simple method. _ I THE CHILDREN'S HOUR EVEN AS YOU AND I. BY EDITH BARIUM. I stood one day at the edge of a pond watching a number of frogs that were sunning themselves. Though they seemed lazy, but few of the flies and mosquitoes that came within reach escaped the lightning-Iike snap of their jaws. Suddenly attracted by the sound of voices amongethe willows that sur- rounded me, I walked on and dis- covered a number of boys who were busily engaged in frog -fishing: They were using' short poles upon the: end of which were lines terminating jag!. "gig": or "grapple." This "grapple" was mad_e..by.Ind- leg together three ordinary fish-hooks. Upon each of the hooks there had been placed for a lure a small piece of bright red flannel. It was at once evident to me that should a frog swal- low one of these hooks his fate weald be sealed; and there would be one less to help destroy the mosquitoes and their larvae. As, concealed by the willows I watched, one of the urchins caught a large frog, and exclaiming excitedly • at the size of it, reached in one of his pockets for his knife; with which he intended toremove the hind legs of the unlucky amphibian. Vainly struggling against what must have seemed to him the ap- proach of certain death, the frog closed and opened his golden eyes, and tine:blood frozn his lacerated lips flow- ed owed over the grimy hand of his cape ter. Horrified at the cruelty of the child, I stepped forward and grasped the wrist of the hand that held the knife. "Don't you know that is very cruel?" I asked. "Awl" exclaimed the lad, "frogs ain't got no feelin's " I pginfed to the blood that stained the child's hands. "A frog," 1 said, "has a heart and nerves, and in its body the blood flows even as in yours and mine. And when hurt he suffers pain as we do." Then after glancing at the swollen blotches on the bare legs of the. boy, I continued: "Conie with me and Iet me show you how much more useful live frogs are than dead ones." And 'I led the way to where other frogs sat sunning themselves undisturbed. In the shade mosquitoes were hum- ming, but a frog fully as large as the one the boy still held in his hand was catching such of the insects as canie within his reach. As I kept on explaining, a light of understanding carne into the eyes of the key &s jte scratched absently at a Mosqhen care- ;fullyyiiheremo edito bite ilthe hokie leg. Tfrom the lip of the frog he held and set it down in the soft ooze at the edge of the i pond. ! "Aw! Come on, kids," he yelled,' "let's go and play at something else.' • Tile conlraet for Ilia new ltbspitai twill i eve 'a % The ' Sisters of St, rr�K N4'a �M'."•�%.1�5-�t,!a:'. "di%.RF .�. rt KI"T'ClliwNE~I acted. in i'fitciien ter this year, has been be equipped with the most modern hospital riled fano appliances. 1 The future great .general Is now elui'nbarieg in the ranks,.tlte daring anal resourceful exacu- tive in some humble clerk in Shop or factory. The greatest artist, the greatest ntualelan, the greatest writer, Inventor, orator, atatesman. scientist -- the greatest achiever in every. fieid that: the world Ifi:s yet seen may to -day be working in same humble capetel•t,ie he dresmhig of the bright future he. *111 .some day realize,--ij. S. Marden. ISSUE No, 1 -.9 5. „ M 7 1 •a a 9, 9, 9, 9, A 9, 1 9, 9, i 1 ^'I '!