Zurich Herald, 1923-04-12, Page 6Address communications to Apronom
Question—What breeds of pigeons
ars best adapted for the raising of
squabs for the market?
Answer Bulletin No. 15 of the De-
partment of Agriculture at Ottawa,
dealing with the subject of pigeons,
names three breeds suitable for squab.
production, the Homers the Careeau
and the 14Iondaine. The Homer is gen-
erally acknowledge to be one of the,
most iirofitable breeds for this 'pur-:
pose. It is a h trdy bleed, very active,]
Prolific, and produces a good :average'
ed in Flanders, has been bred for fond'
for many generations. This breed heal:
the habit of remaining close to the;
home quarters when given its free- i
dom. It is prolifle and robust and the
squabs develop rapidly. The Mon.
daine, bred originally in Switzerland,
is a utility pigeon, and is stated in
'
the bulletin to be rapidly gaining,
popularity on this continent. It is a
very prolific breed, and the squabs are
broad breasted and well fleshed.
Question ,Are there any adv'an-
tages gained from warming the
drink-
ing water of hogs. during the cold
weather?
Answer—An experiment carried on
at the CentralExperimental Farm in-
dicated two things: First, that hogs
make better gains when they have be -
wht b
eigsquas. The Carneau, originnt
let, 73 Adelaide St, West, Toronto
fore them a constant supply of water
for drinking purposes, and L second,
that in winter the gains are snore pro:
eouneed- when the water is given
slightly warmed.
Stock Raiser, :Durham Co.—The
fanners in this district grew large.
quantities of pet's many years ago,
bat the coming of the pea weevil led.
many of us to .discontinue..We desire
to soft' a field this year and the seed
we have has an occasional infested
seed. i�lcase advise me how to treat [.
lair see: to eiestro these insects.'
ty
Answer—Coal oil ,has been found
useful iu clestroyiug the pea "bug" in
the seed. About a half gallon of coal
oil is sof azea t to treat about five
bushes of pas. The idea is to thole
oo :gh teistea t every seed so that the
cis a:il + hs:etrate and kill the insects.
For dile purpose the seed may be.
plaksed on a floor, the oil sprinkled on,
and she peas. shovelled over .thorough-
ly. The shovelling should be repeated
every day for at least four days, the
first shovelling to be done about two
weeks before sowing. It would be
well, if posslrle, to induce every farm-
er in your neighborhood to treat his
seed peas this spring. If this is donee
hlthere should. be no "bugs"
thoroughly g
in the crop in that neighborhood for
several years.
Proper Time to Hatch Chicks
It is a confirmed fact that pullets
must be thoroughly matured before
egg production can be expected, there-
fore, they must be hatched early
enough to have time to' mature well
before the time that egg production
is desired. Under ordinary circum-
stances, any .of the general. pi`3rpose
breeds, such as Plymouth Rocks, Wy-
andottes, Rhode Island Reds, etc., re-
quire on an average five and a half
to six months to mature, thus, pullets
intended to commence laying the lat-
ter part of October, would have to be
hatched in the month of April, while
the Mediterranean Breeds, such as
Leghorns, Anconas, etc., being smaller
birds, can be matured in slightly less
time, and could be' hatched a week or
two later, and still be matured ready
to commence producing' in the latter
part of October. The care - which the
young growing stock receive during
the. summer months has much to do
with having them properly `matured.
in time for winter eggs. One breeder
may hatch his birds early in April,
and yet by' neglect' in proper feeding
and exercise,may not have them as
well matured in October as' another
breeder who hatched his birds in May,
but' who gave them proper care while
they were growing on; the range.
Again, chicks hatched. too early, be-
sides being harder to;take care of
early in the year when the weather is
more severe, can be forced to maturity
and egg production about August and
September, and will exhaust a certain
amount of their strength by the time
that cold weather comes, with the re-
sult that they very often go into a
moult, stop laying, and owing to short
days of feeding, cannot regain their
strength sufficiently to produce until
r•
Serves Public Health.
Western University, London, is
compldshii;g good things, through its''
faculty of Public Health, 'conducted
under. Profeseor H. W. HILL " Dr. Hill
has been in charge of the Institute o.f
Public Health since 1912, except for
three years spent with the same
faculty of the University of Minnesota
and : muriate of potash may be mire
together and all applied at the on
time.
Two pounds of stable manure per.
square yard,is equivalent to nears
five tons; per acre. If the manure lar
been well preserved and is from wel
fed stock, the average farm yar
manure will contain '10 pounds
nitrogen, 5 pounds of phosphorus an
10 pounds of potash in one ton. Th
five tons will contain 50 pounds of
nitrogen, 25 pounds of phosphorus
and 50 pounds of potash, and if ap-
plied annually per acre, would furnish
the orchard with its requirement of•
plant food. It is not easy to apply
five tons per acre evenly; particularly
in the orchard. In most cases coin
anemia' fertilizers are depended upon
with cover crops, to supply the humus
which is so necessary to produce a
good mechanical condition in the soil.
Stable manure if used should'; be ape'
plied early and in annual quantities.
rather than in a heavy dressing one
year with none again'for several
years.
A Lantern That Will Not`
Tip Over.
A cement base cast on the bottom
of .,a lantern will make it iard_to
knock over. Such.' a lantern will be
very useful around the barn or shop.
A form is made by bending:a piece
of sheet.iron, the diameter ` being
about three inches larger than the
d.
e
y
d
o
d;
after the most urgent demand for
winter eggs is over.
A number of experiments conduct-
ed at the Lennoxville Experimental
Station during the past two or three
years, to ascertain the proper time to
hatch stock required for profitable.
winter egg production, have given
some interesting figures. For instance,
from November 1,' 1920, to March 1,
1921, 25 pullets, hatched between
April 5 and April 12, gave an average
profit of $3.73 per bird over the cost
of their feed; while 25 pullets, hatch-
ed between May 1 and May 10 gave
an average profit of $1.75 per bird
over the cost of their feed. Experi-
ments conducted during the following
winter gave results that helped to
strengthen the data already secured,
viz.: From November 1, ,1921, to
March 1, 1922, 25 pullets hatched .be-
tween April 7 and April 15, gave an
average profit of $2.83 per bird over
the cost of their feed; while 25 pullets,
hatched between May 1 and May 10,
gave an average profit of only $1.71
per bird over the cost.;; of their. Seed.
It was thought possible:; by some, that
the later hatched lots would produce
sufficiently more eggs in January and
February to balance the profits of the
earlier birds in November and De-
I
De-
cember, but such has. -.not been the
case in any of the' experiments to date..
Given proper care and -feeding during gI
the summer months on a good range
for exercise, the past results would's
justify the recommending of hatching
chickens of the general purpose type,
not later than the end of April, the
first three weeks of April preferred,
and of the Mediterranean classes, not
later than the 24th of May, for the
most profitable production of winter
eggs in western Quebec.
wr:
Markets and:: Requirements
for Export Cattle.
Feeders of beef cattle may loos
with considerable ' assurance for a
strong market for properly selected
and finished export beef on the hoof
during the latter part of April and
:the, first weeks of May, No very great
movement can take place before that
time, for the terms of the cattle ern -
berg() removal, which become effective
April 1st, stipulate that all cattle
must be shipped from a Canadian port.
Montreal is, the logical economieal port
for these shipments but it will not be
open until about the end of April. A
few shipments may go by way of
Halifax or St. John in the meantime,
but, on account of the high cost of
rail transportation, the bulk will be
held for the opening of the port of
Montreal. Present indications point
to, a heavy demand from the British
market as soon as it can be supplied.
The statement "properly selected
and finished" used above is used ad-
visedly. The British consumer is a
connoisseur of beef, and his palate is.
not, likely to be satisfied with any see-
ped rate meat, consequently if we do
not wish to land this prospective beef
trade into the secondary position in
which we now find our bacon trade,
let us start right by sending over `a
well graded product. Grading should
be. done on the basis of breding, size,
fir`2'hh and suitability for shipment. In
the'first place, an export steer should
show sufficient goocr beef . breeding
that he will fill the eye of the prospec-
tive buYer• on that score alone. First
impressions" are most lasting.Size
is both for and against. Shipment
being on the basis of so much per
head, the heavier the animal the lower
the cost of transportation. The de-
mand, however,' is for •a medium ; sized
animal. Selection should therefore
be on the basis of weight for size and
Age, i.e., heavy little animals. , The
finish must be up to a fairly high
standard, recently and uniformly put
- on. Here to a greater extent, than is
the case on our home market`''s where
feeding to a high finish will be justifi-
able. Suitability for export shipment
includes such factors as freedom from
disease, . or recently received blemish-
es; a degree; of docile temperament;
and last, but not least, an absence of
horns,, for dehorning is practically
imperative for export shipping. If
these few tactNovrs�arrei, kept in mind at
the 1I_ta,,,-.,.ens but Canadas
viii • Etc over, Ii''p a steady rather
than a glutted market may be looked
for.—Geo. Muir, Animal Husbandman.
Simple Battery Check -Up.
Some garage mechanics are careless
and some are just plain ignorant, so
after one has • removed andreplaced
the storage battery on your car or
truck, check him up to see whether he
has put the battery in right If he
has done itetteeng, an injured or ruin-
ed battery may -result. As soon as
e battery:is connected u and -be-
„
-e-
ndb
P.
'fore'the engine is started,: simply turn
on the' lights. If the ammeter indi-
cates "charge” instead of "discharge,"
as it would normally, the battery is
on wrong. Have it reversed at once.
My Remedy for Horse Colic.
Here is a remedy I keep in a bottle
for a horse that may. take the colic.
I have used this remedy for years and.
have never known it -to fail. The bot-
.tie__contains- one pint of raw linseed
oil, one-half ounce of laudanum, and
one -.half ounce of nitre. As soon as
the horse shows signs of colic he
should be taken into a good stall, his
head:held high.. and the mixture pour-
ed down,his throat. A long -necked
bottle is essential for this purpose. If
the animal does not get relief in an
hour, repeat the dose. I have had a
horse to be relieved inside of thirty
minutes.—W. O. N.
Maples or oaks generally indicate
well -drained land.
When you cut ham or bacon, to run
lard over the exposed surface will
guard it• from inold.
base of the lantern. It is also about
one inch higher. In casting, the form
is set on a smooth flat board, about one
inch of cement is placedsin the bottom,
then the lantern is set in the centre on
to of the :,cement and the sits
P p.
`around it is' filled in. A 'ceinentinii
ture of, about three Parts, screened
sand,to one of.cement is about right.
•A
Have You a Typewriter?
Too little importance is attached to
the value of . the typewriter on the
farm. As one farmer put it when the
ubject was broached to him: "Never
write a letter but once or twice a year,
and then I guess I can use the ele-
phant tracks I learned to make at
school." Too many men are of the
same mind. Sometimes it is this smell
matter of writing a few neatly -typed
letters which takes away the farmer's
10 per cent., and part of his good
living. It is excusable when a rebuilt
typewriter may be bought for -a smalI'.
sum? Every man with a well regulate
ed business owns and' uses a type-
writer. How about it? Is your busi-
ness well regulated or simply hap-
hazard?
—et
Probably other y no of er sing le factor
pays such excellent returns on the
farm as does investment in quality
seed.
Fertilizing the Orchard
Calculated from analysis an orch-! of applying nitrate of soaa early in
and producing 100 barrels of apples. May, and not later than the 15th, thus
per acre would take from the soil 451givinga vigorous start to theearly
pounds of nitrogen,- 12.1 pounds of; spring growth. There is some evi
phosphoric acid and 48.2 pounds of dence to show that 200 pounds per
potash. It is found in actual practice` acre in the early spring may not be
that more phosphoric acid is required too large an application. It is pos-
than is revealed by an analysis of sible, however, that this amount ap-
the crop. Experimental results would plied late may produce too active vege-
indicate that a .Fertilizer carrying 301 tative growth if used on soils in a
pounds of nitrogen, 60 pounds of I good state of fertility, thus tending
phosphoric acid, and 50 pounds of to carry too great a growth into the
potash, should be furnished annually summer. This possibility of course
to the average orchard in bearing; . would be largely overcome by a cover
one producing about 100 barrels per l crop to take up the :excess of plant
acre. To supply these requirements food and bring about an earlier and
200 pounds of nitrate of soda, or sul- better maturity of fruit and tree.l
phate of ammonia, 300 pounds of acid I When applying nitrate of soda to -a
phosphate, or slag, and 100 pounds of mature orchard of 40 trees per acre,.
muriate of potash per acre—giving 30, five pounds per tree is considered
pounds of nitrogen, 48 pounds of phos -1 ample. If trees are variable in size
phorus and 50 pounds of potash, orIand vigor judgment should be exer-
'approximately a 5-8-8 fertilizer (one, cised, as, in order to bring about aver
containing 5 per cent of nitrogen, 8I age vigor, some trees should be fed
per cent of phosphorus, and 8 per; less and others more than that gen-
cent. of potash) applied at the rate' erally advised It may be stated that
of 600 pounds: per acre is advised. I an . application of .one ounce to a
Of the above elements nitrogen is l square yard is equal to 300 pounds'
the most expensive, Costing 22 cents per acre and that if a pound of nit -
per pound, valuing nitrate of soda (1.5 rate of soda is applied to a tree with
per cent. nitrogen) at $66 per 'ton. a spread of 13 feet in diameter, the
Phosphorus, either in acid phosphate; tree is getting this material at the
or basic slag, costs 71st cents per ' rate of approximately 300 pounds per
pound, valuing acid phosphate or slag acre,
(16 per cent. phosphorus) at $24 pens It is difficult to measure, the influ
ton. Potash in muriate of potash (50: ence of phosphatic and potassic otassie fertil-
per cent. potash), valuing it at ";.i01
ton, costs 5 ten
per o is per pound. On
this basis the fertilizer advised above
per acre would cost for nitrogen
$6.60; phosphorus, $3.60; and potash
$2.50, a total of $12.70 per acre.
Nitrate of soda seems to be the
most valuable nitrogenous fertilizer,
due to the fact that it is quickly avail-
able and gives the fruit tree the
needed nitrate early in thespring
when growth should be most :active
and when. available soil nitrates are
less than at any other time.. Experi-
mental evidence supports the practice
izersJbeingtheir effect Tess s marked
than that of nitrate ot" soda, How-
ever, it is well known from experi-
ments with other plants that a prep-
erly balanced fertilizer ultimately
gives the best product. There fe no
doubt that nitrogen is the most
portant factor in relation to fruitful-
ness, yet there is a possibility thea
nitrogen used to excess', with a short-
age of potash and phosphorus, may
result in a fruit product less resist,
ant to the effect of handling and
transportation. Nitrate of soda or
sulphate of ammonia, aeid phosphate
The Scab, .:Situation
BY R. H. PETTIT, ENTOMOLOGIST.
The fact . that lime -sulphur, whichI
served in the past to control scale,l
seems inadequate to the task at pres-
ent, has led some of our growers to
believe that a resistant race of scale
has been developed—a race capable of
enduring the lime -sulphur wash with-
out being killed. The situation seeins,
to the writer to be due to an entirely
different reason.
First ,Lime -sulphur kills 'by de-
priving the insect under the scale" of
its oxygen and it is hard to .conceive.
of any : insect acquiring the ability td
get along without oxygen, any more
than one could conclude thata rabbit'
could become immune to a charge of
shot, •
Furthermore, we know through
rearing 'e:4llbiiments conducted by the
department of entomology at the col-
lege that, a number of native parasites
have started to work on the Seale.
Now, the battle waged between any
.
insect and its parasites is apt to ,go.
first one way and then the other.
Once more, if we look back a few
years we will remember that owing to
the reduction in the activity of the
scale, and to the increased eostof
spraying due to cost of materials and'
of labor, the Winter Spray of .lime -
sulphur was put on more dilute than:
formerly, Everything worked satiet
faetorily until the parasites "knocked
of" for Some reason or other, and the.
settle commenced to multiply—then it
betaine apparent, that diluto sprays
would not kill enough of the scales to
keep them in subjection. It is not un-
likely that careless spraying resulted
as well, since most anything seemed to
keep• the trees clean enough to get by
in good condition,'
The scale is coming back, therefore,
come back at it with the old-time
strong
strong application of six and one-
quarter gallons of thirty-three degree
Baune' lime -sulphur in fifty gallons
of , water and hit every part of the
tree, using no spreader. Furthermore,
test your lime -sulphur before diluting
it Get a -Baume' tester and male
sure, . Put in some hydrated lime for se
marker and to give the spray a little
"body" and the writer feels sure -that
the scale will 'respond just as it did
in the beginning.
If you prefer to use one of the oil
sprays, do so. They are just as eget_
tive as . they ever were and many
growers prefer them largely because
e
they spread ad bett ei• and for other rea-
sons. The "red oil" emulsions that.
one hears about so often. are home -
Made emulsions` ot.hibricating oils. If
one wants to try them out and cares
to use home-nrado sprays it is easy
enough to do so, the wait difficulty
being in getting the potash fish -oil
soap which is the one to use.
One final word ---put the spray on
just as late as is safe before growth
starts fn the spring, Since insects
thathav*e passed out of the dormant
stage are much more easily killed than
those which are completely dormant,
OlOCH M
+/Nry4Nr
smogiNo
TOfA000
w:w
TheTobacco Quality
Why.I Use a Drill for Small
Grain.
A field is more easily and more
quickly sown with the grain -drill than
by hand or wagon -box seeder, since
there is no stepping -off and gauging
to be done—nothing to do but hitch
.up and drive. With hand -sowing one
must step off the desired -,width of a
round and set flags to sow by, walk
and carry the seed while he sows.
The wind is bothersome when sow-
ing grain by any of the methods ex-
cept that of drilling, and a poor or
streaked stand almost invariably is
the result if there is a wind at sow-
ing
time. With the grain -drill, this
trouble is avoided, and as even .,a -
stand is secured when the ,wind is
blowing as when there is not the
slightest breeze.
Grain put in the ground by a• drill
is all placed at exactly the same depth,
and this Is not true of another system
of seeding. Where seeds are sown at
uneven depths, germination is sure
to be slower: with some than with
others. Those nearest the surface of
the ground; if 'the weather turns dry,
will not sprout at albe but shrivel up
and are lost, entirely.
When all is said and done it is a
natter of yields and profits.' Seed
with' a grain.drill
panted w .yields more
per acre than seed sown broadcast.•I
That is reason enough for me to use
a grain drill.—M. Coverdell.
Hot Boxes on Tractor.
Last winter I had trouble with hot
boxes on my tractor. I found that
they were caused by the oil getting so
cold and stiff it didn't getl`to the bear-
ings, and the bearings ran dry and
got hot. I make a practice of getting
my tractor thoroughly warmed up be-
BUILD YOUR
, OWN SILO
make money. mixing The "Brantford"
farm .size mixer
helps build foundations silos, milk house
and barn doors. Vee itInspare time to
The
for nolgh-
bors. Loads and discharges on both
sides. Made for hand or power. We
bull(' larger mixers for howler Work.
Write tor free booklet.
Goold Shapley Sr Muir Company,
Limited .
200 wellington St.
3rantrord - - - Ontario.
fore - attempting to do any work in
cold • weather. After starting the
motor I walk•, around the tractor, in-
spect the different parts and see that
everything is working smoothly be-
fore giving my attention to other neat-
ters.-Mark Underyvood.
Using Oil in Incubator.
Those using a: hot water type incu-
bator with galvanized tank which has
rusted can easily " avoid • the .`
trouble by -using cylinder oil in place
of water. Unless oil- is about blood
heat or little warmer, do not fill tank.
as full 'as you would with water as
the oil expands more when heated
than water. I could not see but what
the incubator, hatched just as good as
when using water. I find a light body
oil works best.—N. F. -
irrigated ated Farms in
Southern Alberta
In the Famous Vauxhall District
Bow River Irrigation Project
An especially good location for mixed
farmingand dairying. Splendid op-
portunity for young..inen now hiving
in districts where good- land cannot
,be bought at reasonabie'hrlces
THIS "IS NOT `PIONBIGRING, : tht
first 10,000 acres are fully settled and.
another 10,000 acres now ready for
settlement; 'maximum distance, from
railroad, seven 'miles.' Good roads
telephones and schools. Easy pay-
ments, extending over 13 years. ,.
This Is the Best Land Buy In Alberta
Write for further information to
CANADA LAND and X Y- ATIO14
COMPANY, LIL TED
r'rr+rltcinn 74' at. - - • Alberta
For
all the.
my
Strains, sprains and pains,
overworked muscles, a
twingeofrheumatism;
all of them answer
at once to Ken-
dall's Spavin
Treatment. 7
Kendall's penetra.
tes right to the sore
spot — soothed. cools
and heals.
Kendall's Spavin Treatment,
known for more than 40 years
as Kendall'sSpavin Cure,is econo-
mical and clean—no mus3iness.
norubbing,
continued no
in
&C
bands .
10
Ask your druggist for n bottle today
E DALL'S
SPAVIN
TREATMENT
'sem awn. ea. _-o#.. . kms"
Start Chocks Right -.
Health-growth=even life itself d
pends upon proper feeding.
Fratils Buttermilk Baby Chick Food
has no equal. 'Contains all that's needed to build
bone, muscle and feathers. Digests easily; pre-
vents disease; saves time, trouble and loss.
Your lvioncy Back If YOU Aro Not Satisfied
PRATT FOOD CO. OF CANADA, Limited
332w-CarlawAvenue,Toronto
rs
a
axis
spy•
'F'li..i trtu•'.?VgJ3
yWhy is Early Ripening so Profitable?
-: - e protein ofensilage from r 50
e it increases tri �
Corn 19ecaus S
1
entt.: oudo not have to bu.so much
nd cense tta y 150 �'
%b
q y
feed.
In Oats—Because early matt:eine oats escape coonsiderable
rust injury; and fill before they are killed with beat.
In .Potatoes—Because early potatoes bring Biggest Prices.
SHUR-GAIN Fertilizers hasten ripening
of all crop.
Order SHUN, -GAIN Fertilizers now for sluing use.
Conduit riot Agent or write us.
Agents wanted in territories
whcr0 we are rootrepreuentod.
Clamed
'204 St. Clair Street
TORONTO