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Zurich Herald, 1921-06-09, Page 7-'.;,c��"_ Address communications t�o��A9''Qbomis;t, 73 Adelaide et, West, Turonta. Summer Work in the Orchard. pexly handled;, and marketed from the early spring to the end of June, when prices are high. Every poultry breed- er, however, may not be in a position to take advantage of this trade. Market early cockerels as broilers— Far too many- male chicks that would be available for the market arket the carried over to soft roaster stage or even longer, with the erron- eous idea that the bigger the bird is the larger the profit. It should be borne in mind that the larger bird is growing and feeding on a fast de- eiining market and will probably reach it at the lowest ebb. The sale of cock- erels as broilers will carry the cost of raising the pullets to maturity. Time to' hatch—To catch the best market they must be hatched before the last of April, and take about two months to reach the desired weight. The males of almost any pure breed are in demand. Even Leghornis at this age will be eagerly accepted on the market, if plump and well dressed. The broilers may rim with the rest of the flock of chicles and be fed the same until approaching one pound in weight and should then be separated and placed in small yards or pens, fed only soft mash, consisting of two parts corn meal, two parts ground buckwheat and one part ground oats or similar fattelieg ration, mixed per acne are recommended: buck - Hash sour milk or buttexmmillc. The mush should be fed fairly thin and in wheat, 1 bush.; rape, 2 pounds; crlan troughs, three tines a day. Give the birds all they will eat, then clean out the troughs. Allow no feed to re- main before the 'birds, between meals. If sour milk is given for drink it will add to the palatability of the meat and hasten the gain in weight, and an abundance of green feed should bo available or provided. Killing and marketing—Broilers are exceedingly tender and great care should be exercised in plackiamg. It may be advisable to market alive if the price oan be adjusted to compen- sate for the time saved the slipper, but if shipped dressed they should be carefully packed and graded so that each package is uniform in quality and weight. By marketing the surplus cockerels as broilers, a quick and profitable re- turn is effected, and an income pro- vided at a season when there is not much return otherwise from the poul- try and when the funds axe often ac- ceptable to provide feed; for the grow- ing stock. The sale of cockerels as broilers has the added advantage of helping to distribute the produce over the Summer work in the orehaed may be divided among our different head- isugis: spraying, cultivation, eovex crops and thinning, with posistlbly pruning in some instances. The first a spring operation which it is usually necessary to carry on into the summer, as at least one spray eiho-uld be about two or three weeks after the bloom is off, and may consist of bordeaux or lime sulphur mixture with some arsenical .poison added for biting insects and nicotine sulphate added for aphis 'Control, if they are present at that time. For, fuller particulars re spraying write your nearest Experimental Farm Superintendent. Cultivation in orchards, except those in sod mulch, should be prac- ticed continually until about July first. By maintaining a good dust mulish during early sunnier the trees Mil be . helped through that trying time in fate Juane when the heavy drops of fruit are so discouraging. Especially in districts where winter injury is a factor, cultivation is dist- continued about the first week of July and the orchard sowed to some cover crap, such as rape, vetch, clover, or field peas, the selection largely de- pending upon the cheapness of the seed. The following rates of seeding son clover, 15 pounds- ; red clover, 12 pounds; summer vetch, 1% bus.; field peas, 1% bus.; rye, 13z bus. Where there is antucli danger of loss of plant fold during winner, the winter rye makes an. excellent cover crop, but is of little value in stopping tree growth during Augest, as at that time it makes but little growth itself. Thinning is an operation which will amply repay the orchardist if judi- ciously applied. After the June drop has removed its quota, all trees should be gone over and, where there is a heavy crop, some of the fruit -should be removed, leaving not more than two to a clue - tee, and, if a really high class pro- duct is desired, leave only one fruit to a cluster. Where thinning is practiced, there is a' smaller. percentage of No. 3 and waste fruit, which means higher prices per acre for the crop The orchardist who adopts thinning as a regular ,orchard practice is bound to be in the front line when it conies to the pack - out return's. Summer pruning is now generally conceded a glace in most young orchards, as it ads difficult to do much pruning: -when there is a crop en the trees. Mld-June is a• goad time to go over the non-bearing trees and shape up those straggly fellows. Where that the raising of hogs is,' year by they are inclined to produce a long, year, ie a the surest and safest yar re - off growth with bud, w laterals, nap venues for the farm, and that the de - off the lteateral growth, caprobh wall in- v.elopment of our export bacon trade seas a lateral continulying that is one of the most profitable and de= season, instead of continuing a long, barren branch which it would be nes- pendable industries -that the country essary to head beck severely in 'later as a whole can get behind. But, un- less nless Canadian farmers ase prepared to accept responsibility for the future of the Canadian bacon trade, by sup- porting it through steady production, year in and year out, under adverse as well as under satisfactory condi- tions, we can never make a success of the business. It is useless to attempt to build up an industry if the produc- ers themselves are not. prepared to carry it through to success, in spite of all difficulties that nay be experi- enced and all competition that will have to be faced." --'H. S. Arkell, Do- minion Live Stock Commissioner. year, rather than selling so much in the fall when cockerels axe usually sold. "I have always held, and still hold, Manufactured by THE CANADIAN STEEL AND WIRE CO., Limited Hamilton - . - Canada a °!idling the Fruit Crop While the majority of fruit growers devote special attention to pruning, cultivating, spewing and fextiliznig —they do not look upon the thinning of the fruit on the trees es of equal importance, yet with the single ex- ception of spraying no one thing will do more to insure high-grade fruit than proper thinning. Many gra-were, who have never practiced .careful thinning, believe that because the practice has never become palmier that it is not very valuable after all, However, a visit to the farms of those who are selling their fruit at top prices finds them overwhelnungly in favor of it. It is. mostly a fear of lessening the yield of fruit and the notion that it requires an unusual amount of skilled labor which pre- vents the practice of thinning fruit from becoming more popular on many farms. It is ivot to be expected that grow- ers who have had no experience in finding fancy markets for high-class fruit will find thinning as :profitable as these who have a trade that is willing to pay for -the better qu'ali'ty, yet there are numerous 'benefits from systematic and careful thinning which the prudent grower cannot afford to overlook. In these days of advatfneing prices and demand for superior qual- ity eery effort possible should be made to produce what discriminating buyers want and are willing to pay a f.aney price for. There hes never been a time in the history of Can- adian fruit growing when r proper thinning of fruit craps would pay as large cash returns as it will at the present time. Let us, therefore, con- sider some of the good results which can reasonably be expected from thinning our 1821 crop. First of all, and probably the most important of all in practical value, thinning greatly increases the size- of the fruit •which is left on the -tree. This is mare important with some fruits than with others, but with every fruit it tends to improve the quality and increases the value for a discriminating trade. The value of peaches, for example, will be mcre en- hanced than that of plums, because buyers are much influenced by the mere size of peaches, while they are not so likely to pay so great atten- tion to the size of plums. In some markets a mere increase in the size of an apple, peach or pear may raise it from a lower to a higher grade, from choice to fancy, thus greatly increasing its value; and everyone knows how the fancy fruit dealers vary their prices directly with the size and color of the specie ing that the practice did not pay so mens. This, of course, is ;due to the long as the fruit was shipped to mar - years. Broilers. If broilers are to be produced in any great number, they tan be sold to advantage only where there are a considerable number of 'buyers who are not obliged to censider the price and with the exception of a few health and pleasure resorts this class of buy- ers is not numerous outside the larger cities. The broiler is a very profitable ad- junct of the poultry business if pro - The Right Tires, to suit your car and the roads you- ^ vel If your carr is a Ford or Chevrolet, Gray -Dort or Overland, the DOMINION "Grooved" or "Nobby" Tread give you nonskid, non side -clip Tires of consistent quality and proven mileage. Or—you may find that DOMINION "Chain", "Getioved" or "Nobby" Tread on the rear wheels and DOMINION "Plain." Tread on the front, are the ideal combination for comfort and mileage. If you drive a heavier ear like the Studebaker, McLaughlin, or Packard, you will have the utmost aaatieiadlion with .DOMINION "Royal Cotid" or "Nobby" Treads—the supreme achievements in tire building. Tho best dealers throughout Canada have DOMINION TIRE'S, DO.M1 tON INNER WRR$ and DOMINION TIRE AC ""'E$SOR12S. ARE GOOD TIRES . ,.�Cettin'.AIMil ffel rise , t.rr,;ir•dr., s? .+1.=•,t proving the color of the fruit, careful thinning enables the grower to get rid oaf ill-shaspeai and defective fruits which proves a decided help in put- ting up a good pack at harvest time. The new rigid and high-class systems of grading fruit crops that are being adopted by so many co-operative ship- ping associations demand that the quality of the fruit can be improved. Then, too, it is a question if the speed with which the fruit can be picked, graded and packed will not more than repay the grower for the labor used in thinning. This is a point upon which there is always room for •argu- ment, though in these days of high- priced labor during the harvesting season it seems a reasonable conten- tion. - Another advantage in thinning fruit is the fact that it aids in hold- ing certain diseases and insect pests in cheek. Some seasons this advan- tage is much greater than others. With such fruits as peaches and plums where disease often starts at a point where two fruits touch and give the disease spores a good lodging place and where moisture is held for their germination, careful thinning is valuable. Damage from certain in- sect nsect pests that live in apples may also be minimized if the fruits that have been attacked are taken off the trees before other specimens have been injured. The Welfare of the Hume Vegetable* Furnish the Body's Euiiding Material By. LUCY D. CORDINElt. "Vegetables, other than, potatoes, have, never cost me over fifty 'cents a year, but I am canning every kind I can get, for I've been using vege- tables since last spring when my chil- dren joined ' a class fox the mal- nourished. We have not had to spend one cent for laxatives and we ore all feeling better," This was what a mother said to me who had waked up to the fact that her children were eating plenty of food but that food was not beim used by the body fox building up a physical organism which could resist disease. A. very noted physician, . speaking recently in a convention of medical nien, said that many of has patients suffer from physical discomforts dif- ficult to diagnose as disease. When their food habits were analyzed he usually found that they live chiefly en a few foods -meat, potatoes, bread, some desserts, now and then lettuce is used and occasionally a vegetable added to give looke to the uveal rather than because it is considered neces- sary. "I find that very few of these people use more than two ar three vegetables. They bave never culti- vated the habit, for when ehildren they disliked vegetables, and now as adults they do not think of them." By "vegetables" I mean any of a variety of a score or more, ether than the potato. The dentist asks, "W'hat does this child eat?" when he discovers poor teeth. The doctor asks, "What does this child eat?" when he discovers flabby muscles, emaciation and sprouting wings. Then they recom- mend an abundant use of vegetables —other than potato. True, they inay and probably will recommend other things, but doctors know that a strong body cannot 'bei built or kept in repair without the daily use of those foods which have sprung up from our math- er, the earth. Older people who suffer from high blood pressure, from aohing joints, excessive fatigue and kindred ills, are recommended to reduce the use of meat, eggs and such hearty foods, to a small portion two or three times a week, and to increase their use of vegetables, which too often they plead they dislike, although they aeknowla edge that life is more precious than food tastes! We should have more aged people in our homes, well old people who are capable of enjoyment and who are not conscious every mo- ment of an ache or a pain or a creaking joint. What are the virtues found in vege- tables that they should be so seriously considered in our food program? They contain fibrous or rough material which cannot be completely digested and in consequence acts as a ballast for the ever -active digestive system. Zlpnran,lreing require roughage quite as much as doses e cow or horse and it should be included in every day's menu. The root vegetables, green leaf vegetables, stein vegetables, each as celery, are unexcelled for regulating Some authorities slain that thin- ning hinning tends to enable the trees to bear mare regularly and produce more uni- form craps. They argue that there is no reason in the nature of things why trees should not bear annually, but the formation. of the fruit spur is usually such as to preclude the production of fruit on the same spur every year. The real object of thin- ning in such cases is to encourage some spurs to bear one year, and others the next. -.This, meals _tat when fruit is thinned one should re- move all of the fruits from some spurs in order that they may produce fruit - spurs the following year. In some in- stances where certain varieties- are carefully thinned, the trees bear with great uniformity every year. This is especially true with peach trees, and. it would seem that the •same practice might apply with some force to fruits of other kinds, especially varieties that have a tendency to bear heavy crops of fruit one year and little or nothing the following year. There is no dispute of the value of thinning for peaches and pears, but for many years growers of a'p'ples have hesitated about thinning, claim - fact that mere bigness is not a true index of quality, and that, as a rule, medium -,sized apples, peaches, pears and the like are of finer texture and flavor than the very large ones. In many instances the increase in size of fruits left on the trees is so great that a larger number of bushels are actu- aily harvested than in the case when the entire crop is left to ripen, and by successful orchardists it may be alnnost• without exception the fruit on said that the work is performed an the thinned trees will sell for more a y ket in barrels, but the selling of extra fancy fruit in boxes is forcing the question. The fruit must all be picked sooner or later, and it does not cost very much more to pick it early in the season than to pick it late. Turning now from the advantage •of thinning fruit to the methods used money. With certain varieties of peaches, pears and apples the color of the fruit is greatly improved by thinning. This is one of the most valuable effects, and along with the increase of size adds commercially to the value of the product. Even the trained scientist as well as the practical grower seem unable' cc to amount for the improve- ment in color other than it may be due to the fact that in taking away gone of the fruit it allows the sun- shine to reach the surface of those fruits left on the trees, or perhaps that the better coloring of the fruit has an influence on the color. One thinning fruit, but a goad pair of thing we do know, however, the color fruit shears will prove about the best tool for general use. It requires more discrimination and judgment to thin fruit than to piek it. In the thinning of peaches, it is a good rule to allow none of the fruit to hang closer than four inehes apart. This means that in. year's of heavy setting as much as two-thirds of the crop 's'h'ould be removed in June. On some of the best fruit farms in the country this practice is regarded ata indispensable. No accurate estimates of the dost of thinning fruit vein be given, because so much depends on the form of the tree and the quality of the fruit to be removed. The re- sult also depends teem the kind of help one is able to get and the wages paid them for doing the work. Large peach trees will probably cast neatlyn resides caws n; .Lo ,:.:e and' im one dollar to thin with wages at pros - essentially till the same wary as the fruits are harvested; that is, the fruits are taken off by Band and droppedon the ground where they may , gathered up and burned to destroy the insect pests or disease. The first cone sideration is that of removing the fruits before they hate become a tax an the tree sufficient to reduce the yield of the crop. Peaches should be removed when they are about the size of a hickory nut and apples before they have reached twice that size. The main thing is to discriminate be- tween good and bad fruits and to leave the ,specimenis en the trees well distributed. Several special imple- ments have been devised for use in blood. •Clotting of the blood preventt fatal.. results from .cuts and other* accidents and clotting takes place( normally becaue'e there is line in flee blood. Lime as found in the tissue of vegetables is easily taken up the body and utilized in builddn teeth, bones and muscle. That phy i' clans and dietetians prescribe vegea talb for daily diet is not to be wotl' at, r Lime is not the only mineral sub-), stance we find in vegetables. Iron that tonic so often recommended It the spring, is found in them in the very form we most need. Iron tame, out of a bottle will not do what ire r out of a dish of vegetables will dol If we lack iron in the blood, it i impossible for the blood to take th necessary oxygen from the air. Eve part of the body needs iron in orale to get its supply of oxygen. It ii. es'peciially important that the child" get its due portion of iron during th adolescent period, for then the bo passes through iso many changes, the if toad habits are not correct, enema' follows, An 'anaemic child cannot de velop normally, in mind or body, and is open to disease. 'So use green le vegetables and those which have green color, abundantly, for they ar richest in iron. Phosphorus is also needed by mus cles,.by nerves and by all the glands, We cannot eat enough fish to meet; our need for this essential mineral but we can get it from vegetables an greater the variety to which w ty 3 accustom ourselves, the better. Another reason for including vege ' tables in our dietary is that they coon tain very important regulating an stimulating substances called vita mines. We read about vitamins till we are almost tired of the name bra• they are most vital to our life. While we know little of the composition and make up of vitamines, we do kno that growth, health and:poise ere de pendant upon thein. We know tha they are not manufactured within ou own bodies but may be stored there if taken in in sufficient quantity in the foods which we eat. Vegetables, fresh, stored and cae .i ned, must all be considered wires meals are planned and as there fAe three hundred and sixty-five days in the year, they must all be taken it'nto consideration. The early spring months are especially trying for the store cellar contains the remains only of cabbages, onions, a few parsni and carrots. The roots may hav grown tough and pithy, and have lost their delicate flavor. Cabbages an, onions cannot appear on the tae every day if happiness is to be me. at the table. Celery can usually 'b found in even the smallest groc stores, and is a most dependable vege- table, because its flavor is sufficientl bland to make it well liked. It cant) -- prepared in a variety of•wayssingl, or in combination, cooked or uncooke• —that it is en inspiration too the mo disoouraged planner of meals. Each locality has timelier one or more veg tables that may be obtained fresh th year round and these, while expensive can be relied upon for emergencies. More and more, we are glad to say we have witch us the canned vege- tables, both hone and commerci, product. Look aver the list now check up your supply and order thos you lack. They come much cheaspex' by the case, as everyone knows, an the cases may be had in assortmen Because you have had canned veg tables all winter and will have them' purposes. A woman said to me recently, that she had learned that "bread is the staid' of lite," but she has learned that even a good staff is all the better for reinforcement. The cereals from which bread is made do not supply lime in quantity* to meet the daily need of the body. Thor the lime we need we must turn to milk and to vegetables. We permit our children to refuse milk very often—then all the more must they eat a variety of vegetable food. Our bones are com- posed largely of lune; so are our teeth. The heart beats regularly be- cause there is lime and sada in the ent Levels; apple trees of correspond- ing size will cost about double that amount. is there, and that is the important item in securing top prices. During years when the trees set an exceptionally heavy crap, thinning prevents serious damage from the breaking down of limbs and erotehes. This is not always a logieal argument unless we remove an unusual amount of the crop from the branches that are less able to hold the heavy load, for of we remove only a comparatively small proportion of the speeinene we wilil have as much, if not snore weight, left on the trees, and as a matter of doblass and cents it will seldom pay to 'take off sufficient fruit so that the trees' will not needs some prop- ping. In other word?a fruit trees will vat carry more fruit to maturity than some of the weakest ersrtches and limbs can Prot eely ball up A .large body of strontium sulphate and strontium carbonate, respectively celestite and strontinite, have been found on Tidewater, 200 miles north of Vancouver. It is said to be fifty acs es in extent 'Strontium is used in the refining of beet sugar, and it is also thought in may be found suitable to use in white lewd in place of barium. Buy Canadian products. teg IFS fresh from the garden this sunvner, does not make it right for you to gut without them mow. Canada now has four women mem- bers of legislature in Manitoba, Ail beide and British Columbia. e* Ship your lot to ourselves and receive immediate cash payment and the highest market price. We will treat you right. Wm. Stone Sons, Limited! WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO Established 1870 Wheels turn easier and axles wear longer when they are properly 1 lubricated with Imperial Mica Axle Grease. Its powdered mica 1 flakes form a glassy surface for grease to work over. Thus friction 4 is reduced and wear retarded. It costs less than any other grease because it lasts twice as long. Imperial Eureka Harness Gil keeps your harness pliable, strong and new -looking. It gives leather a rich, black, lasting.finish, protects it from moisture, and adds years to its life.It is easily applied and is a big money -saver on repair bills. Imperial Mica Axle Grease and im- perial Eureka Planless CU are the iir0± choice of teamsters, )farmers and 1 ve.tymen. A doaler near you carries both in cOnverazent sizes.