Zurich Herald, 1924-04-03, Page 6POULTRY
Birds require more air than' other
animals and a poultry house must
have dryness, light and ventilation.
The ideal, equipment for the , small•
farm flock would be one laying -hu isa
and one brooder house. The brooder
house can:, be ten feet wide and ten
- am7r� �3- 8e: West. Termite feet deep, built ; on skids and. this is
'Address communications to pgran dalald a . a large enough load for a team when
shoulder and neck of the horse should
the house is moved to .clean soil for
TO PREVENT SORE SHOULDERS sho r rd Acorn- the growing of the chicks, situated in twenty -ono different come -
The HORSES. altivays be smooth and ha The dirt floor in laying -house is a ties in Ontario in 1923, it outyielded: 'up baby's toys for two or three years. thus become a real. helper, for'as every
ON WORIC � g ,
cob or currycomb may be used in carrier of disease unless five or six the O.A,C. No. 72 by 5.7 bushels, the and their suddenly some day under mother will admit, picking up the.
One of the most important prob-
scraping off the sweat and dirt from '
pinches of the soil are removed atsd ,O.A.C. No. 3 by 10.3, and the Liberty stress of conditions, announce to him children's clothing from .planes where
prob-
lems on a farm where horses are used the surface,demands many
replaced each year. Board floozy are 1Iulless oat by 17.3 bushels of grain that he must do it himself. Not oply it has been, In order to prevent galls and. mora I . triplicate lot tests at will be rebel at the discipline of the hours of time In the course of a year.
ons conditions is it not enough to all right, but expensive. Concrete per acre. np
seri.. floors arethe most economical in the the College in the average of the last task, but he will be really bothered Thereisn't a doubt but that very
five years, it surpassed the O.A.C. No. about how to go about it and just small children can be trained to do
72 by 4.8 and the Banner by 5.6 bush- where everything belongs. many tasks successfully -often sure
els of grain per acro.. During this. A better method is to start as sora prising a casual observer who hap -
five -year period, the straw of this as Bobbie can get around well on his pens to drop in daring their per-
y
variety lodged less than either the feet by himself. Pick up the toy dog formance but who has not been a
O.A.C. No. 72 or Banner oats.and say, "Now let's put'Fuzzy-wuzzy witness to the gradual development:
This new oat, originated by the De- i in the corner of the box here. That's However, two important points must
pertinent of Field Husbandry of the his home." Bobbie is bound to be be remembered in this phase of train--
Ontario Agricultural College, will be interested: The next day when play- ing, the tasks must be taught one at'
one of the varieties of oats distributed time is over suggest that Bobbie take a time until thoroughly learned, and
i they must be made a part of the daily
routine. It is useless .to have baby
pick up the toy dog two days a week
and mother do it the rest of the time.
Any lapse in the' program is fatal to
success.
In employing such a method in child
training we are only making use of a
psychological principle as old as the
human race, and one which applies to
adults as well as children; we all like
to do things that we can do well, and
we learn to do things' easily and pro-
perly by doing them often.
Q.A.C.. 0. 144 Oat.
The U,A.C. No, 144 oat was obtain-
ed from the Siberian variety through
.nursery plant selection. This oat,
which matures about the. same time as
the X3anner, has a spreading head,
white grain and less than the average,
per cent. of hull found in oats, The
straw ,is strong and it has proven to
be an excellent yielder of grain.
When tested on thirty-two farms.
•
Home Education
"Ths Child's Flit Scheel lithe Family" Freease'
Teaching' Definite Tasks—BY Edith Lochridge 1d
Children learn to love work quite a load of blocks is lots of fun.
as well as play if the mother uses tacti So from caring. for toys ho can
and wisdom in assigning the first learn: to hang up, his coat Be sure
child must there' is a hook low' down and in;an
little personal tasks. assigning
a
assumed duties and responsibilities easily accessible place. Ile, will early
gradually. It will be useless to pick learn to put all hiss clothes away, and
for a large part of the heavy work is
that of preventing and treating sore
shoulders. • give close attention to the selection end. Fill in with field stone about six
Sore shoulders greatly lessen the and care of the collar. The shoulder inches, to break the rise of capillary
efficiency of a horse in the field be- of the horse should always be watched moisture. An asphalt top on the floor
sides being very painful to the animal. and given special care regularly w helps to keep it dry. All.of the floors
Sore shoulders are much more coni- the animal is at steady work. If the in the contest houses are covered with
pion on young horses unused to the selection of the collar has been prop -
la
thin layer of asphalt over the cern-
work than on old hardened animals. erly made and all other things in re-. ent. The asphalt paint is put on cold
A young draft horse often gets sore gard to this piece of the harness
shoulders when first broken to work looked after, the care of the animal's and allowed to harden for about three
because of tender skin, but the most shoulder is a simple process. Under: days and this keeps down the capil-
eomnron cause is poorlyfitting collars, i lacy water.
b normal conditions washing the
should A poultry house which is giving this spring for co-operative tests by Fuzzy-wuzzy home all alone. Hew will
gIn all cases, when providing a col-' der with soap and pure water at the, ood satisfaction, has a height of the Agricultural and Experimental be as proud as anything to do this
lar for a horse the collar should be end of a day's work, when the harness' nine feet The backwall is four feet Union. Any farmer litho wishes to little task. So for several weeks let
fitted to the horse and ,not the horse has been removed, and thoroughly i six inches, and the front wall three give this oat a trial will receive seed this bit of work grow into a habit
to the collar -that is, a collar that is drying the part by rubbing it with feet six inches, The roof lights are ..by making application to the Secre-'. Insist that the dog be put away. Then
too large should not be used on a clean cloths, is all that is necessary. of green sash to give an even distil.- tary of the Experimental Union for add one other toy. Bobbie can by
horse with the hope that he will fin- The colt that is being broken to work bution of light throughout the house.
ally get large enough to make it fit in the spring should be started in on There- are back windows to prevent
properly. This is a mistake that is light draft while the weather is stilly the litter from stacking up near the
often made on colts at breaking time. cool so his shoulders as well as the':.the of the house and help in sum
A common cause for sore shoulders rest of his body may be toughened. mer ventilation. Hens face the light
in older horses is improper care of i Other common causes for diseased
ase when they scratch and the litter rnu
collars. !neck and shoulders on a horse where continually forked toward the fro
When trying the collar on the horse preventive measures .should be app if the house has no back windows.to see if it will fit; the animal should plied are; Implements with excessive
st
nt
The ventilator for the house can b
e
the Oat Experiment. The supply of
seed of this variety is limited and
consequently is available only to co-
operative experimenters.
Sacrifice of Dairy Calves.
A saving of heifer calves from
heavy milking cows kept for produc-
be in a natural standing position on tongue weight. or excessive movement of galvanized pipe or wood about ing milk for city trade, was urged at
level floor or ground with his head of the tongue when the implement is tact:• a or fourteen inches wide, and the Dairy Cattle Conference recently
held in Ottawa. An enormous sacri-
fice of good dairy stock is said to re -
held ata height which seems to re= being drawn; side draft, a free -going
semble his carriage when at work. animal hitched with a slow or lazy one
The collar, when fastened, should fit where the head of the fast one may
snugly to the side of the neck, and the be drawn to one side while working;
face of the collar should correspond walking on a ridge or in a furrow
closely and be in even contact with the that is too narrow, which may cause
surface of the shoulder from the top the animal to slip constantly or side -
of the withers to the region of the step and in this way injure his shoul-
throat. At the throat there should be ders. Besides these we have these
enough room for a man's hand to be parts of the body, the neck and shoul-
inserted inside the collar. ders, exposed to accidental injuries.
The collar selected should have • The most common diseases found in
ample hame space so that any likeli-I the neck -and -shoulder region of the
hood of hames pulling off and bruis-1 work horse are galls, hot abscesses,
ing the horse's shoulder during heavy, cold abscesses, local dry gangrene,
draft will be eliminated. The hames shoulder sweeny and fistula of the
should fit tightly in to the collar; withers. In practically all cases the
groove made for them.
The horse collar should be exam-
ined carefully every time it is going
to be used. All dirt and sweat found
on the face of the collar should be treatment, in all cases they are, a
cleaned off and the surface which loss to the owner and painful to the
comes into actual contact with the horse.
causes are an ill-fitting collar or neg-
lect of some of the preventive meas-
ures mentioned. And while most of
these diseases yield quite readily to
It's Easy to Save Girdled Trees
By Gilbert W. Peck
Bridge grafting may seem like the done the pressure of . the growing
job for an expert, but it is note dif- scion against the stock, late in the
ficult operation and the amateur who, season, may force it to give way at
will follow a few simple instructions the top or bottom. This bow also per -
should be as successful in the work
as a man with experience.
Many instances might be cited
where growers, inexperienced in
bridge grafting, have saved for them-
selves many dollars' worth of fruit
trees. Nevertheless, thousands of
trees are allowed to die because the larger carrying capacity for quick re-
growers lack confidence in their abil-
covery of the tree.
• DORMANT WOOD ESSENTIAL.
If a tree has been girdled on one
mits the tree to rock to and fro in
heavy winds without danger of break-
ing the unions. The scions of a girdle
should be placed about an inch and a
half apart. If this is done it takes
only three or four years for them to
grow together and gives a much
ity to do the work. Some men, too,
have the idea that a bridge -grafted
tree always lags behind, is unproduc- side only it is advisable to put in the
tive and sickly. This is not the ex- necessary number of bridges to take
perience of the vast majority of glow- care of the wound. Pine wire brads
ers who have done bridge grafting about an inch and a quarter, with
Now and then a girdled tree which large flat heads, are satisfactory for
has been saved may become sickly and
worthless, but this may be due entire-
ly to some other cause.
'There are a few essentials in con-
hection with the operation of bridge
grafting that must be adhered to in
order to insure success The undee-
it is found that the wood ventilator is
best. This type of ventilation helps
to take the moisture from the straw
and should extend to eighteen inches
from the floor. Summer ventilators
can be placed in the roof or near the
top of the ventilator shaft to reduce
the heat in summer. This proves "quite
necessary, due to the increase of heat
in the house, which results from the
windows in the roof.
Enough roosts should be provided Under this system the cows no longer
in a poultry house to allow eightproduce the progeny they are capable spot what the geranium does for the
inches per bird. The roosts should he of producing, which is so much needed. sunny location, but it does more be -
nine inches from the front of the It was urged that means be found for cause of the variety of colors secured
inducing milk producing farmers to and the greater
dropping boards and nine inches fee= The tuberous bebeautycannot bolused
the back and they should be fornteen use improved buts only, and to en
inches apart. Old sheds.or sheep barns courage the organization of heifer in an open location facing the sun
can sometimes be used for poultry clubs among the'boys and girls for
houses by using a straw loft for von; taking over and rearing heifer calves.
illation. The waste oil from a crank -"- -`'-
case is fine to kill mites, . The nests Sproutin'f?,,,.' Potatoes.
should be a foot square and hinged to
the wall, and about one nest ` to sig
birds is a satisi~ectery ratio.
I use old inner tubes for rim liners.'
this time carry one under each arm,
which is a big achievement in his
eyes.
The point is, stick to one thing-
teach just one task until it is so well
learned that it is no trouble for the
child to do it. Later he can haul
several toys in his little red wagon -
A Gorgeous Flower for
Shady Spots.
suit from the present practice where- The shady part of the garden that
by dairymen in many cases depend will not grow even decent grass" can
upon buying to replenish their herds be made beautiful by the use of the
instead of rearing the heifers from tuberous begonia. So long as a
of the can either morning or late afternoon sun, or fore . e sur ace o e son snoura oe
an hour's duration during the middle kept stirred during the summer and
of the day, a bed of tuberous begonias a dressing of bonemeal of other ma-
of
there will bring charming nine, preferrably from the poultry
results. This plant does for the shady yard, applied from, time to time.
Ontario Iorticultural Association.
tuber' uppermost. Tuberous begonia
plants as .well as dormant tubers are
frequently offered as premiums for.
membership in the horticultural so-
cieties. By this means the tuberous
begonia has become well known in
many parts.of the province that
ood cows. Cases were instanced of ground get the early they might not otherwise have reach -
good d Th f f th•
many carloads a year of the very best
cows being bought hip and shipped out
of certain counties in Ontario to re-
plenish commercial milking herds.
nailing in the scions.
It is essential to success in bridge
grafting that scion wood:be dormant
at the time it is usel. This may be
accomplished by cutting the scions
any time during late fall or winter
and by keeping them in a cool cellar,
flying principle in all forms of graft -`buried in moist sand or sawdust. One
ling is the same -that is, the cambium, should be careful not to keep them too
or growing tissues of stock, and scion; wet or allow them to dry out. Scion
must come in contact with each other; wood may be allowed to remain in the
'or. growth cannot result. The cam trees with safety until a month. or
bium is a single layer of cells between three weeks before the grafting is to
the bark and the wood, and it is this be done. Vigorous one -year-old water
;tissue of a scion that must come in sprouts or sucker growths from hardy
� contact with the same tissue on the varieties such as McIntosh, Duchess,
,trunk of a girdled tree before the Wealthy, Snow, Spy, or the like, make
graft can possibly unite and grow. the very best scion wood. During early
HERE'S THE SURE-FIRE METHOD. spring young orchard& should be look-
• Here is the simple method which ed over carefully for mice injury so
plias proved entirely successful. The that if damage has been done there
scions are made three or four inches will be ample time to collect a supply
!longer than the girdle and large per- of scion wood, If some of the trees
,tions of growing tissues are exposed have been girdled down to the roots it
iby cuts at each end'of the injured will be necessary in cutting the scion,
i section. Usually it is advisable to wood to secure a supply curved to fit
cut the lower end of the scion first,' the girdled portion on these particular
'and place it in position on the trunk trees.
just below the girdle, where it is out-! For best results grafting should be.
dined on the bark. The scion is then delayed until a very little green shows
removed and, following the outline, in the tree about the time the first.
the bark is cut through into the wood. leaves are from a quarter to half an
If the grafting is being done at the inch in length. At this time the bark
proper time the little piece of bark peels readily.
corresponding in size with the end of I As soon as the bridges on a girdled
the scion will slip out readily, expos- tree are in place it is necessary that
ing a considerable portion of cambium' all cut surfaces be carefully and im-
tissue. The scion is then put in place mediately waxed to prevent drying
and head while the other end is bent out.,
over against the bark at the upper Melt together five pounds of crush..
bide of the girdle: This should: be or a.. cit r paraffin. of hem -
,done to get a better idea of the cor- waxd rosinoand either one find To this
bered plane on which the top cut should add half a pint of raw linseed oil, and
made. The cut surface of the scion when the mixture has cooled some -
should fit fiat on the etposed. stock:
When the scion is ready for inser-
tion it should be nailed at the bottom
first. In order to hold the middle por-
tion of the scion from coining closo
Mg`ainst the girdle it may be bates-
sang to use a wedge, between It and
the trtink, when nailing in the top. It
Is very important that the scions of a
bridge ho 'bowed out half or three-
quarters of an ireelr. Ti this is not
Treating Concrete for the
Stable Floors.
Regarding the treating of concrete
daring the hot part of the day because floors for dairy barns and 'stalls, T
the leaves are apt to curl up and know of no special way except by dif-
wither. iferent methods of laying. There are
The tuberous begonia has been two quite different ways of placing
,concrete for this purpose and in doing
Seed potatoes intended for early The best varieties produce flowers' either it is necessary to avoid two
crop should be set to sprout not later from four to six inches across and 1 evils.
than March 20th for 'south-western, bloom from July until frost 'takes; One evil is to get the floor so smooth
Ontario -northern and eastern dis- them off.. They require rich soil. that the animals slip badly on it; the
it
Split' the tube and'cut as wide•a�,s' -. ts' correspondingly later, up to' When the space is reached by the'
off d other, to clear and has ato get it M roughhwea at tinsg
rine. Put around' rim and punch ,holes `April `1st. Shallow flats or wooden:roots,of trees, they need plenty '
in tube forvalve" to go through. This trays about three inches deep are the moisture. If started in light soil in' effect.
holds tube in place. You will get much pots or flats set in a warm place at A very satisfactory floor can be
longer wear from your good tubes, as y made of concrete•by what is known as
they do not get against the rhi and p 1' ht h by b t the one -course method -of construction.
rot. -J. w S t 65 By this method the concrete is laid of
11
greatly develop
most suitable container. The potatoes
are set ea end up in' the flats and ex-
posed to' the. light in a room where
the temperature does no go above .
degrees. These tivi grow a sturdy
vigorous sprout in three or four.
weeks.
I thank heaven that I was born
poor.- Sir Ernest .Pollock.
the ..first of April, they will 'be almost
readyto budthe firstofJune,but
some growers prefer to plant the tub-
ers direct in the soilearly in May or
as soon as the ground would be ready
for potatoes.
The plants should be set 12 to 15
inches apart, about 2% to 3 inches
deep, with the hollow side of the
the desired thickness, wet enough so
g that it will quake when struck with
Hens or pullets forcedfor heavy a shovel. It is then screeded,. with a
egg production during obreeders the winter two-by-four sawed back and forth
should not be used for in the
spring, for the vitality of a flock is across the surface, and settled by
reduced by forced feeding.
111311=101.3311:1MMI.111111■m
what stir in half a pound of powdered
charcoal until smooth and
free from
lumps.
A concrete hog -wallow beats the
old-fashioned kind, and also permits
the hog owner to ward oft disease,
The hog may not be thoroughly
posted in arithmeticf but when .jou
come to * uaro root ha iM thane
•
eeeeee
jh;
sett
1+Aei IC ObAS`r FISH RIES TRAtit WITH ORIEN1
Number 1 -Unloading 11 h by elevator at Port Alberni. Number 2 --Captain If.. 13. Benett, skipper of the
steamer Prrmeesss Ilea, which 1
. has carried 12,000 tons of salt herring this season from Barclay Sound to Vaurouver
ethi inert to the Orient.,,; l�ittnbcr 2 -•-Cat arllan Pacific S.S. Princess Visa. Number 4--Syttene of harvest.
for trans p O , ,
ing the herring. Number 5 - -Bunging 'fish front scow to dock. Nurnbor G•--Produot in bar•rele ready for export.
striking gently and rapidly on the top
of this two-by-four. It may then be
floated with a wooden trowel which
gives an even surface and one which
can be cleaned reasonably well.
A more expensive method of ,floor
construction is laying the concrete in
two floors somewhat in the same mane
ner as sidewalks are usually con-
structed. A thickness of floor is put
in and a surface coat of richer ma-
terial, usually one of cement to two of
sand, mixed wet, is placed on top. It.
is then leveled by means of the two-
by-four used as a screed, and a wood,
en float for leveling. • -
It is generally advisable to use the
steel trowel very sparingly -»on the
surface as it has a 'tendency to pull
toward the surface and to produce a
very smooth surface which is also
likely to crack if too, much cement is
drawn to the surfae. Where con-
crete floors are used in the stalls for
animals, it is 'advisable to keep plenty
of bedding in the stalls.
Cork floors or creosoted wood block
floors are someimes used for stalls.
Perhaps the principal advantage is
that these floors conduct less heat so
that the • animals are kept somewhat
warmer. hese floors, are, however,
more expensive than concrete.--lI.
A. M.
Common Clay for a Forge.
T have noticed small cast-iron
forges in farm workshops about the
country, and have observed that very
few of the hearths are provided with
the clay coating that should be main-
tained for the preservation of the
forge and insurance against fire.
Vire clay is, of course, recommend
ed by the manufacturers for this pur-
pose, but common clay, if it is 'free
from other substances, will serve the
purpose. The clay should be moisten-
ed with water enough to .make it
plastic or puttylike in consistency, and
a smooth coating applied over the
surface of the hearth to the thickness
of one inch at the least. Care should
be observed that none of the clay is
allowed to drop into the 'air -blast
opening.
After applying, the clay should be
Iallowed to dry naturally for a day or
, two, according to weather conditions,
after which a fire should be built in
the forge to harden the coating. A
slow, steady heat for two hours will
irstrally suffice to give the clay a
brick -hard finish.'' ---G. E, H.
rr the <:
f,';rsrstr' isfou d in i :�� of 'rreari'
p yi
o1 hundred Tanta an tree'
LI✓u 1 p Cl &