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Zurich Herald, 1932-10-20, Page 3A (rice f the $r}`ress Canada, The Empire and The World at Large CANADA The Deadly Pea -Shooter One juvenile nuisance follows an- other iii, St, Thomas: Now it's pea- shooters—tie. peashooters costing one cent each. Motorists have complained about boys shooting peas and shot at them ass they passed and Friday even- ing telephone calls were received at the police station from. nervous 'wo- men reporting that mischievousyoung- eters Were shooting peas against the windows Of residences, A woman also reported to the police that she stepped on peas on the sidewalk, lost her bal- ance and fell, injuring one of her limbs. Boys with pee -shooters who were nearby when the woman fell are believed- to have been responsible. Definite instructions have been given the members of the police tone to take possession of all shooters that they see in the hands of youngsters. Merchants should be prohibited from selling such things to children. — St. Thomas Times -Journal. Rural School Fairs The rural school fairs, becoming eaoh year more popular, are undoubt- edly doing a great Ileal to inspire country boys and girls to know more about farming and its possibilities, and the growth of this movement is a healthy sign, These school -fairs are contributing an important service, and they deserve the support of the tom munities in which they are held. Tliei success is a good omen for the pro gress of agriculture.—Peterboro EY miner. • normal eflicienoy is a problem which our health services have not yet solved. It must become of greater imm portan.co year by year:, --London Daily Telegraph, The Results at Ottawa The material results are not very great, 13ut the agreements are import- ant in that, when ratified by the vari- ous Parliaments, they will -formally regularize Commonwealth trade ar- rangements over a wide field and form a solid foundation on which more am- bitious structures can be erected,— Natal Witness, Pietermaritzburg. Empire Cooperation One of the great troubles of the ,pre- sent day is that industrialists and mer- chants have lost their ability to make plans confidently for the future. The great value of the Ottawa resolutions lies in the fact that they reveal to the world that British policy has the backing of the whole British Empire - An appreciation of this solid and sig- nificant fact may, and we believe will, exercise a determining influence upon the deliberations of the coming Inter- national Conference—Cape Argus, The British Navy and the empire New Zealand has been wont to claim, with pride that Britain has been given preference of many years without any- thing being asked in return The atti- - tulle is legitimate up to a point, es - r • pecially as evidence that sentiment in - favour of Empire trade has long flour- - fished. It is not quite correct to say nothing has be -en given in return,. whether asked or not. As Mr. Downie Stewart pointed out long ago, Britain's entirely disproportionate burden of Empire defence has properly been claimed as a set-off to preferences.— Auckland Weekly News. The Rise in Prices Newspaper readers leave heard a, lot about the renewed feeling of confi- deuce preveding business in Canada and the United States. The upward trend of basic commodity prices, ex- cepting Wheat, which is all-important to the West, in the last two or three months accompanying the remarkable activity in stock. and bond prices has given ground for that confidence. The advance in prices has not, however, narrowed the gap between farm pro- ducts and manufactured goods, and until that has been done progress is not likely to be very satisfactory.— Saskatoon Star -Phoenix, Turning Point Reached The general feeing that the turning point in economic conditions has been reached is supported by "The Econ. - male Annalist," published by the De- partment of Agriculture, Ottawa. It shows that there was an increase in tix :;;yBux'eau;^of Statisticsaeindeereme wholesale 'prices for August which marks the first upturn since Novem- ber, 1931. The amount of the in- crease, which was from 66.6 in July to 66.8 in August, is not in itself signifi- cant, but the fact that a slight in- crease was registered may be of im- portance. The price level of a num- ber of basic commodities including sugar, rubber, cotton, silk, copper, tin, silver and coal registered gains on Canadian and world .markets, "The Economic Annalist" adds that perhaps the most satisfactory indica- tion of what may be ahead Is that for about a year prices and the trend of 'business, though slightly downward, have passed the period of mild gyra- tions that characterize the earlier stages of a depression. Tudications of stability have not been lacking in re- cent months. Such stability has, pre- ceded an upturn in business during previous periods of this nature.—Tor- elite Mail and Empire. Decrease in Juvenile Crime An official report from Ottawa shows that there has been a decrease in juve- nile crime amounting to 10 per cent. in the major offences anti 25 per cent, in the minor ones, This is satisfac- tory and naturally enough, people aro asking the reasons for it. Some of theist think that greater facilities for games and recreation have a good deal to do with it, wliicli can be used, as an argument why home Iessons should ` be abandoned, so that more tine can be devoted to them, Another reason' given is that the depression has been making people stay more at home and thus the children have conte under greater parental care.--Iings- ton Whig -Standard. THE EMPIRE Jailed F'or Debt There were 60,000 people sent to jail in 1930, according to the report of the latest prison inquiry. Thirteen thousand of these were imprisoned for debt. Twelve thousand were impris- oned tor not paying the fines inflicted on them. Seven thousand were kept in custody on remand. A great num- ber of these were Imprisoned in this way because they could11ot i ud bail. r1ius, about half of the prison popula- i ion were put bellied the walls be- ause their principal crime was Po'1 erty. London Daily Express. • Survival of the Fittest We should not ignore Sir George Newman's warning that the great de- Grease in infant mortality means the Survival of "many weakly and perhaps even defective" children, who swell Elie iauitebere of the nett. Whether bene ti' klier zneinbors of the conk 'tix'ittty tan be raised to a standardof de Vegetables For Canada Signs are not wanting to show that a good number of persons intend to grow vegetables In Jamaica. Their objective is the Canadian market. The line of vegetable culture that interests them most is tomato. Canada im- pors about two' million dollars' worth of tomatoes between October of one year and May of the next. The bulk of the tomatoes that are offered for sale in Canada during the six months referred to are' from the Southern States of America and the Republic of Mexico. The possibilities of the Cana- dian market should appeal to parties in Jamaica, as they have appealed to growers in some of the sister colonies. It is of importance to.remember that he-. om ai °.0 •, !Wien "tomatoes duty free, while the foreign product is subject to a duty of 30 per cent. ad valorem.— Jamaica Gleaner. OTHER OPINIONS St. Lawrence Waterway The next step in the development of the inland American empire is the St. Lawrence Waterway, already five - sixths completed. There are 22 States linked together over a period of years to effect this Waterway opportunity, and every one of them knows on the evidence of long, painstaking examina- tion that the benefits from its comple- tion will be immediate, and its future fruits, to those who prepare for them, incalculable. This Waterway is com- ing, and it is coming soon, in face of the 55,000,000 people directly affected by it, it will take -a, very intrepid and reckless political party to try to ob- struct it.—Detroit News. Child Labour Mr. Hoover has made an eloquent and sensible appeal to the whole Na- tion to Areas for the abolition of this monstrosity. It is to be hoped that his words may receive the attention they merit. He urges a declaration of war on child labour for two reasons, either of which, alone, should suffice to unite public opinion actively against that bleanish upon our national life. It is, the President points out, an evil which connotes injustice to children, Impairs their health, and re- striets their preparation fat manhood and womanhood. It is, further, a gross injustice to the adult worker, who needs all available opportunity for exnployinont that he may support his fancily. This problem is no unite» portant matter. It affects the actual lives of upwards of 2;000,000 American eleildren to -Clay. ---Boston Globe. Island to he Auctioned Belgrade.—I-Ivan, one of the love- liest islands off the Dalmatian coast and a popular bathing resort, near Spalato, is for sale, complete with hotels, beach and sunshine, to the high- est bidder. It is .the property of a Croatian. named Jeliceo, who, after snaking a fortune in the United States, loaned large sums at low rates of interest, to the municipality of Itvar, to enable them to transform it into a modern resort, Rear hit by the slump, Jeliceo had to realize his assets, and his loans to liver passed into the bands of a committee of creditors. These have now ilecided,o sell the island at auc- tion, liver possesses xuany histori- cal :mnouuxnonte Of the Venetian epoch. Exactness In little duties is a even- tful source of cheetfnlueesee-W-Faber. I3orore you tuck baseball out of mind for the year, take one look at this picture from the third game of the world's series, which shows Bill Jurgen, Cub shortstop, safe • on a slide to second. • Grain Spoilage Is Less In Canal Montreal,---Gra;;r wastage is de dining in transit from. Western Ca uda to this port. For the few year 'preceding 1929 the average amount spoiled grain was :.0 bushels to ever 100,000 transported. Since 1929 f rther cut has been mace in th amount of waste. Today the nverag is four bushels per 100,000. Th change has been brought about by im proved operating efficiency. So far this scaoon a total of 67 443,643 bushels of grain have been ccnveyed to Montreal compared with 36,618,830 at this time last year. An improvement in the figures for orders has broug/at n b o ht about 'I � rise to 139 49•. g1 bushels in the 24 hours contrasted ~With 354,`287 on the sante day last season. Deliveries from Montreal grain ele vators to ocean-going vessels in this port reached a total of 1,192,813 bush- els in the 24 hours of Sept. 3. It has been many weeks since the 1,000,00!? mark was reached in a single day. Botanist Finds Corn Grows Rapidly in Evening Glow Ames, Iowa—Direct sunlight on the leaves and low temperatures have been found by Professor M. E. Loomis, of Iowa State College, to deter the corn -plant growth, The botanist discovered the growth of corn stops when the temperature is about 50 degrees Fahrenheit, or lower. "As the temperature rises from 50 degrees," he says, "the corn plant grows with increasing rapidity up to a certain point, provided the sun is not shining directly an the. leaves," Professor Loomis found corn plants grow most rapidly in the' evenine when the sun is low or has oVa "" i c" on ci"ou y; 'Wenn a ays; Seek to Control Goitre Prague,—As goitre is prevalent in Czechoslovakia, the Health Council of Bohemia has instructed directors of' Another American Firm a Opens Plant in England London.—Another American firm is Can establishing a factory in Great Bri- s titin, to serve its British market and of to afford closer access to European y demand. It is Liptak Furnace Arches, a Ltd., which °has set up a factory at e 13roadheath, near Altrincham, for the e manufacture of high temperature ce- e anent. The factory has been equipped to produce fire -brick and furnace -arch ,- cement and operations are now in full swing. It will supply the whole of the company's European market, which formerly was accommodated from the company's factory in the United States. Raw materials aro i l p m otic ,. from America. Rural Schools of Michigan Least Affected by Depression Lansing, Mich.—Rural schools in Michigan are weathering the depres- sion adversity better than are large city schools, according to Webster H. Pearce, State Superintendent of Public Instruction. Most of the cost of administration in the rural schools is in teachers' salaries, Mr. Pearce says, and a reduction in salaries has brought about economies, Friend So you: honestly think ave ;,:,.•tre'"*"' antr *t'°"bti`ttenYn e earth?" • Fond Fathei—"Maybe he isn't yet, but he will be if he keeps on making me answer all the ques- tions he can think up." schools to report to the district putt'- Believe, if thou wilt, that moue sician the names of all children who tains change their places, but believe shout sympotnis in order that they not that man changes his nature.— may receive early treatmeut. Mohammed. The Gish Sisters Wh^.t conte of us were mere kids, Dorothy and Lillian Gish landed out plenty cf thrills in "Birth of a Nation," and other heat. linen. This snap of thein was made just recently outside their Parts hotel. 167,000 Visit Shakespeare Theatre During Spring and Summer Season, Stratford-UJpon-Avon --- The solid success achieved by the new Shake- speare Memorial Theatre in the first Year of Its existence Is strikingly de- monstratee by some preliminary lig- tires of the attendances during the birthday and Summer festivals, The birthday festival, which began April 23 with the opening ceremony by the Prince of Wales, brought 40,- 000 spectators In five weeks. The company then played two weeks in Birmingham and a week in Chelten- ham to packed houses In both towns, The Sunnier festival opened June 27 and by the time it closed on Sept. 10 some 84,000 persons had attended the plays. In addition, 43,000 people have in the last four months paid a shilling to look over the theatre with- out seeing ,a performance, Apart from audiences on. tour, therefore; 167,000 have already entered tixe nets' theatre, a most encouraginb lie gin. ning, which fully proves the value of the Stratford festivals, Familiarity ,vitt). the theatre is leading to a growing appreciation of the purpose of building, All who see the interior agree that only such a building could contain the amazing mechanical contrivances for the pre- sentation of Shakespeare's plays in every form, from the Elizabethan apron stage to the full and complete stage of the most modern producers. The Great Western Railway will continue its Sunday service to Strat- ford this Winter for the first time, another tribute to the growing popu- larity of Stratford and Shakespeare, Copenhagen Notes Study of Huila pity Is Factory Need Many Danish authors aro dissatis- , Analyses of Psychological Causes Reduces Acci- dents c&dents Doctor Declares Would Tax Loaned Books fled with the sale of their books for, with the lending libraries and book clubs in city and country, there is a very small sale each year. Since last year, when Peter Freuchen for. bad the loaning of his last book on Greenland from libraries or clubs, the agitation for state help on the question has gradually arisen, and there is a request before the Minis- ter of Education for a tax to be placed on the latest books loaned, for a certain length of time, so that those desiring to read the book dur_ ing that time must pay extra for the privilege. It is well known by lib- rarians that the demand for a novel is usually from three to six months. Art and Advertising In the arcade of the new Vester- port Building is an art exhibition, free to all who walk there. It Is an excellent method of combining advertisement with education, "ome very good works of art are to be seen. Among the ceramics are the "Hans and Grethe" children's ser- vice for the breakfast table; small stone figures, modeled by a Czecho- slovalian; weaving from both the province and city schools and pri- vate workers, in beautiful designs. The furniture workers also have their share in "the permanent," as it is called, and ideas for rooms are shown in full detail for the new house or apartment, so that a home can be furnished completely in theory before the stores need be entered. The work of changing and arranging the exhibits is in the bands of competent artists, who see that the . general effect of each depart- ment is interesting. Carlsberg Fund Votes Grants The Carlsberg Fund, founded and endowed by the late Mr, I. C. Jacob- sen, with capital rivaling that of the Swedish Nobel Institute, has voted grants aggregating 861,976 kronor— $220,000—in aid of natural scientific study, publications and research in 1932. Among many substantial grants is one of $10,000 to the Society for Danish Language and Literature, for the publication of Haus Andersen's correspondence with his friends Edvard and Heiiriette Collins, A similar grant was made toward a new volume—the thirteenth—of the society's great Danish dictionary and a slightly smaller grant toward be- ginning the publication of a Diplom- atarium Danicum. Dr. Lange Koch, the famous Green- land explorer, receives $8000 to as- sist in the publication of the results of his more recent explorations, and Prof, P. 0. Pedersen gets $10,000 for the erection of two stations in Green- land for experiments in connection with the electric conditions of the at- mosphere. In spite of apparent tightness in the financial world, the Municipal Board of Copenhagen is building 700 new dwellings for the citizens. The Common Dwelling Company has on hand 659 fiats. The Workingman's Building Association and the Co- operative 'entitling' Company together have 370 flats under erection, al- though the loans from the mortgage companies are given only at a high percentage.—The Christian Science Monitor, Rccnr'd3 125 i(cbi'a Old Taken To New French Repository At the Hotel de Bohan, where the national archives are kept, writes the Paris correspondent of "The Christian Science Monitor,' the records of twenty-eight Parisian notaries have been lodged in a new repository. This is the result of the law passed by Parliament in 1928, which "authorized and implored" notaries to Store those of their rifted which were More than 125 years old in departmental or na- tional a ,chives. Until now a historian wishing to find out some details in the history of Paris, or In that of any other French town, has often been obliged to hunt through the records and files of the notaries of that town, a procedure which was inconvenient and entailed considerable loss of time. The re- cords of the twenty-eight notaries which have been stored at the Hotel de Rohan fill no fewer than 28,000 voluminous files. Geneva,—Spurred by American in.. vestigations of the "human factor" in occupational accidents, the Indus. trial Hygiene Service of the Inter- national Labor Office has been mak- ing a survey of the subject on a worldwide basis, with the result that Dr. Luigi Carozzi, chief of the service, is convinced the time has • come for theo dcorstobe1 ca led into consul- tation by the engineers who up to now have been trying to solve face tory safety problems along their own lines. Dr. Carozzi, former professor of pathology at the University of Milan, feels that a large number of indus- trial accidents are not due to mach- inery or objective causes, but to the workers' susceptibility and constitu- tional make-up. Drafting Standard Code Despite recent recognition by many experts of an accident percentage as high as 80 per cent due to the "hu- man factor," he declares, preven- tive work so far has involved only education and propaganda, with con- sequent neglect of physiological and psychological causes. Simultaneously with its study of accidents, Dr. Carozzi'.s bureau has been drafting a standard code of in- dustrial hygiene, incorporating the the best practice of countries most concerned with the health of their workers and designed to serve as a guide to those lagging behind in this respect. Pending farther analysis of tha data obtained on occupational acct dents of the most varied origin, Dr.. Carozzi is not ready to outline de- finite conclusions. However, he be- lieves enough evidence of biological factors is alrady avaiiable to result in measures that might eliminate a large percentage of accidents for which no methods of prevention have been found hitherto. Only accurate knowledge and interpretation of the known facts are essential, in his opinion, 'While not denying that some acci- dents may correctly be labelled as due to the fault of victim or employ- er, or oven as due to a single cause, Dr. Carrozzi holds, nevertheless, that too much credit is given to the con- scious or voluntary element when many accidents are dismissed situ. ply as caused by negligence or the fault of victim, fellow workers, fore- men, supervisors or employers. Seeks Production Improvement He declares that the results of studies made by many .A,inerican au.. thorities support his views, and that it is mainly to eo-ordinate the varl- ous indications and observations which have appeared from time to time in the United States and else- where that the survey has been un- dertaken by the Indui,riai Hygiene Service. Machinery, apparatus and tools are but one group of many factors which Dr. Carozzi and his staff have con- sidered. Attention has been given to means of protection, as well as to the possible effect of wages and labor turnover. Working conditions have been analyzed with regard to lighting, temperature, Itumidity and ventilation, The time of occurrence of accidents has been studied to note the effect of climates and Seasons, days of the week, hours of the day and day and night shifts. Regarding the industrial hygiene code, its aim is declared to be not only the safeguarding of the workers° health, but the improvement of pro. duction as well. Tariff Aids Razor Trade According to Sheffield Firm Sheffield—Au order for 10,000,000 safety razor blades, whch is believed to constitute a record in the industry in Great Britain, has been received by a Sheffield ilrm, The blades are being made for a London farm which previously bought them from Contin- ental producers. The head of the firm said that by bringing dowat his costs to the Continental level Md with the help of tariffs he was leave able to compete in the world's rickets, The firm now has two tactoriri here work- ing at full strength.