Zurich Herald, 1930-10-02, Page 6Andree's Diary Reveals
Explorers' Heroic Fight
Party Apparently Wandered Without Any Definite Goal in.
Mind—Andree Praises Comrades
Stockholm; .Sweden --Salomon Aug- use their canvas boat, but their hope
ust Anldh"ee's own story of his expedi- of reaching Sezen Island was frustra-
tion's attempt to reach the North ted by the, shifting ice.
Pole by balloon 33 years ago was told On September 12, just two months
on Sept. 19th by the Swedish Govern- after their departure from Danes Is-
=lent, in a digest based on Ant le land, a period of eoid and storms set
diary, in, adding greatly to their suffering.
The wavering flight of the baloon The next day the weather was worse
northward from Danes' Island, Spitz- and their progress delayed. After
bergen, its descent on the ice, and the several days in which the storms in -
vain struggle southward of its three , creased steadily they were forced to
occupants across the cruel, jagged ice decide ou their next move and agreed
fields were thrillingly revealed, end-, to prepare
foore a Wi iter
Island the
ice.
Sing in the last optimistic entry almost'
three months after the start, wheal untile trudged
edged, on through
theyhe storm
certain doom faced the Argonauts:
ted
"With such comrades, one should i u White
ee, with island.hope that they could
cce able to get through under any Cir • safely pass the Winter there, called its
mstances." . white -blanketed
wrote Andree on Oct. 2, 1897,; whland:'
te blanketed surface "New Ice
pencilling an unwitting valedictory to i
his two ,companions. Nils Strinde 1 Despite their hunting, the supplies
berg and Knut Fraenkel, The diary were dangerously low again. They
began on July 11, the date of the established their camp and then start -
start, and ended with a fitting fare- i ed hunting with the guns they had
well on Oct. 2. The expedition prof- • • The ie from the as bgalloon loon and wreCkathree.
ably perished not long afterwards.
Andree, the oldest of the three men' days later they had a large supply
who dropped from the skies to the • of polar bear and seal meat and other
ragged ice fields of the Arctic, reveal -1 provisions—enough, they estimated,
ed in the diary the courage of the lit-! to last until April of 1898, when they
tle party as they fought their way' might hope to continue southward
back toward safety. Andree stood • again in the Springtime thaw.
up under the terrible hardships with Apparently Andree was well pleas -
the strength of a man many years his ed with their circumstances, He was
junior and he constantly spurred the a veteran who could stand hardships
hopes of his two • companions, Nils and his two companions were young
Strindberg and Knut Fraenkel, with and strong. Andree himself was only
words of courage when necessary or 43yes
work on their camp,
with jokes.
Continue Scientific Researches building a snit which the called their
The diary did not reveal the actual home for the Winter. They could
cause of the descent of the balloon escape the storms and cold inside
on the ice, although it mentioned that their "home" and the confidence of
Andree opened'the two valves of the the leader of the expedition appeared
big bag to permit a safe landing on great as they settled down for the
July 14. The men were confident Winter. He continued his efforts to
when they started their long home- keep up morale and to find humor in
ward trek over ice and Arctic waters their experiences.
that they would reach safey, but they Lost Provisions and Equipment
were forced by weather conditions So it went for a week, then a few
more days in w
pwhen threpare eareached
fo ]utheIIsland nterlheld much hope that they wouldyet have months. .return alive to their hones in Sweden.
They killed polar bears and seals Andree was working on the 14 -page
for food—Fraeukel was chief cook— book, entitled "Ice Observations,"
and they made a "home" at the camp which he had compiled during their
in which they finally died ot exhaus - overland march.
tion and cold. Andree enjoyed in- On October 2nd a storm struck the
tensely "the delicious polar bear meat I island. It was more violent than the
and pancakes" which Fraenkel, who storms through which they passed
.successfully in September and prob-
ably marked the real setting in of
Winter in the Arctic. The little
camp suffered much damage under
the force of the wind and the men
made a valiant effort to save their
"home."
Despite their struggle, part of their
provisions were swept away and some
of their equipment—witb. which they
might have improved their situation
—was carried away or destroyed.
They were weakened by their hard-
ships and Strindberg and Fraenkel, at
least, were i11. The havoc of the
storm was a heavy blow to their
was suffering from stomach and tooth
trouble, prepared.
But perhaps most amazing of all
as indicative of the courage of the
three men who attempted the first'
aerial exploration in the Arctic was
that they continued their scientific
ork almost until death closed their
icy camp on. the little island north-
east of Northeastland. Andree wrote
of how they collected 20 samples of
soil, ice and Arctic plants and made
many observations which they were
confident would be of great historical
and scientific value.
Destination Never Definite
Their exact destinatice was never hopes.
definite on. the journey of severall Andree wrote again that night in
mil -s a day toward civilization. his diary.
"I am a bit doubtful regarding the To Fraenkel and Strindberg he
actual goal of our ice wanderings," made cheerful remarks es he inscrib-
wrote Andree on July 22. They had ed on Page 142 of his diary:
to reach Spitzbergen. On "With such comrades, one should
first hoped Iunder anycir-
July 30, they decided instead to . be able to get through
proceed to Franz Josef Land, but cumstances.'
were forced to make a •camp for Win- – -'r—
ter on White Island. They sighted � �wtrsa• 1�a• TaX
White Island on. September 17, after '
five days of increasing cold and
storms. Andree called it "New Ice-
land."
Later, on October 2, they were to
have a desperate and losing fight
against the storms which crashed
ever the barren island, destroying
fart of their cherished provisions.
The communique, giving the story
of Andree's diary, covered the 142
pages of the little book found on the
explorer's body by the expedition of
Dr. Gunnar Horn, a Norwegian scien-
tist, who visited White Island August
6, last. The first notation in the
diary was on July 11, 1897, the day
the big balloon with its double-decker
basket departed from Danes Island
for the North Pole flight. The last
notation was on October 2, when An-
dree was still confident that the
party would get hrough to safety
"under any circumstances,"
The diary did not give satisfactory
details of various happenings on the
polar expedition, and it failed to clear
up many circumstances of the flight
which will be revealed only by min-
ute study of all documents available,
the Government experts announced.
Tried to Hide Suffering
The diary indicated, however, the
=manner In which each man ,had tried
to hide his suffering and continue
southward. They told - anecdotes
when forced to rest after a particul-
arly difficult march of perhaps less
than ` a mile, and macre a brave effort
to maintain courage.
On the fourth day of August, wheal;
they gave up hope of reaching Franz
Josef Land, Land, they were• at 82.17
Mirth, 29.43 east. With desperate
courage and great endurance they had
'Progressed about 40 miles in 12 days. "Say, Pa, what do you call a parse::
The shortage of food, which. became that reads heads?"
their most serious problem within the phrenologist, my boy."
alert few days, forced them to hunt "Gee, Then Ma must be one r C
A Canadian, Product
Boy Scouts
Growth .of the
Revealed by World Survey
Membership Now Nearly 2,000,000,. Forty-three Countries
in All Being Represented
A. world membership of nearly 2,- twenty -tour out of twenty-five target!
to win the Grand. American Handicap.
In the matches held at Dayton, Ohio,
this shoot -off was necessitated when
King broke 997 ,dr 1,000 targets to tie
tional Scouting Bureau of London, Dan Casey of Toledo; J. L. Scott, of
made public by Dr. James E. West, Kansas City and S. L. Crampton of
Chief Scout Executive of the Boy Dayton. Scout King was wildly ac -
Scouts of America. The report of claimed by 10,000 spectators of the
the International Bureau also an- contest when he cracked his last tar-
nounces the admittance of the Boy get. The new grand champion has
Scouts of the Republic of Guatemala shot at but 1,500 registered targets.
into the international organization, He began trap -shooting a year ago
effective Nov. 22. This will bring and had never won a trophy of any
the nations listed to forty-three. The sort until his recent victory. His
figures of the report show that the unerring marksmanship in using the
Boy Scouts of America have the lar- same gun with whiel- his father won
gest enrollment of any nation. the doubles championship In 1922
The new Guatemala Scout organize- broughtiim out at the head of a
(Boy Scouts Guatemaltecos) have as field ,of 966 experienced trap-sbooters.
their president, Dr. Lazaro Chacon, Scouts Aid With Harvest
president of Guatemala, and as Chief Boy Scouts of France to the num•
Scout, Charles Cipriani. - ber of 4,000 rendered conspicuous
Records of the Boy Scouts of service to their nation this Summer
America show that at the close of by aiding in the harvesting of crops,
the year 1929 there was a total of Faced with the prospect of having
842,548 Scouts and leaders enrolled, their large crops destroyed unless
an increase of 22,757 over the pre- they could be quickly harvested,
vious year, ' French farmers appealed to the Chief
Great Britain, with a total mem- Scout of France and as a result the
bership of 654,130 at the close of Scouts volunteered their services,
1929, was the second largest of the There ai'e three different organiza-
Scout organizations, followed by Ja- tions of Boy Scouts in. France and
pan with a total membership. of 49,- all of them this year report increased
611. memberships. In the United States,
A Young Scout Marksman Boy Scouts of Dodge City, Kan., dur-
Alfred R. King Jr., 15 -year-old Boy ing the drought removed more than
Scout of Wichita Falls, Texas, is king 10,000 fish from water holes in small
of American trap -shooters. The streams that were fast drying up and,
Texas boy made trap -shooting history as a community good turn, transplant -
when in a shoot -off with three vet- ed the fish to other and larger
erans, all much older, he scored streams.
000,000 with organizations in forty-
two
orty
two countries comprises according to
recent compilations of the Interna-
Prescotont, first electric tug to be built in Canada, is launched at
Lauzon, Que., a spot already famous in annals of Canadian shipbuilding
Milky W
y Merely Star Clouds
Not Stars, Astronomer Holds
Probabilities.that elsewhere in space
there are stellar universes like ours
are increased by a new interpretation
at Harvard of the shape of the Milky
Way.
The idea is proposed by Dr. Harlow
Shapley, director of Harvard Observa-
tory. It promises to help clear up a
mystery which has puzzled astrono-
mers. This mystery is that our sun
seems to belong to an organization of
On U.S. Cigarettes
Madrid. -Cigarette imported from
the United States now cost in Spain
about three times their price at home.
They used to cost only twice as much.
The price was tilted as a result of the
new Spanish tariff and the continued
depression of the peseta. The new
tariff does not list tobacco, but the
government tobacco monopoly has a
little private tariff of its own, which it
has revised upward.
.sun is a member of one of these clouds
which probably is 6,000 to 8,000 light
years across.
These individual star clouds have
about the same sizes as galaxies ob-
served elsewhere in the universe ,thus
conforming to conditions visible else-
where,
There is a further conformity in the
new evidence, If our Milky Way is a
group of star clouds instead of one
stars immensely larger than any other single system, then in size it is much
star group. like other families of star clouds
which can be seen at vast distances.
Our own home star cloud may be
whirling, Dr. Shapley says, about a
center located in the constellation.
Carina. Our domestic group is far
from a crowded area in. the Milky Way
where star clouds sen to gather the
thickest in the direction of the con-
stellation Sagittarius. That area ap-
pears to be a massive center of some
kind.
Such oversize is inconsistent with.
other modern discoveries that, even
out of the limit of telescopic vision,
everything is made of much the sante
substance as the earth ,and that the
sante physical laws prevail.
If this is true what accounts for the
swollen size and shape of our section?
The solution is new evidence that
there is no such unique grouping of
stars near earth, They have only
seemed so massed because of compara-
tive nearness and our incomplete an-
alysis.
Now our stellar system is being sep-
arated into sections by information
obtained from thousands of star photo-
graphs.
So it begins to appear that our
"galaxy," the Milky Way, as astrono-
mers call the celestial organization
surrounding us, which is so wide that
light takes about 250,000 years to cross
it, instead of being a somewhat con-
tinuous stream of stars, is a group of
star clouds, each one from 5,000 to
40,000 light years in diameter. The
Beware—Poison!
To avoid mistakes with poison, in
the dark or through carelessness,
when it must be kept in the house,
push two stout, sharp -point -Pins cross-
wise through the cork of the bottle.
Tli.e pricking points warn even the
most careless of danger.
When poison has accidentally been
swallowed, mix 2 teaspoons of mustard
in a cup of warm water and swallow
it. A. doctor should, of course, be
called.
Canada Adds 378,400 H.P.
According to the Dominion Water
Power and Reclamation Service of
Canada, the total number of hydro -1
electric installations -in the Dominion
is now 2,727,600 horsepower, •an in -1
crease of 378,400 horsepower during
1929,
Butterflies - Also Go
South During the Winter
"Most people know that locusts
migrate, but few realize that similar
movements take place among other
insects, particularly dragon flies, but-
terflies, and moths," said Mr. C. B.
Williams, speaking on the migration.
of Lepidotera. "In the tropics ob-
servers have seen hundreds of thous-
ands of butterflies moving steadily in
one direction, sometimes for hours
on end, sometimes even for days or
weeks.
"The monarch or milkweed butter-
fly of North America is found during •
the summer throughout the greater
part of the Continent. In the au-
tumn
u
tumn they collect together in great
bands, and fly a thousand or so miles
south, where they winter. In the
spring they fly north, laying eggs as
they go. In Europe,'/ North Africa,
and Western Asia the greatest mi'
grant is the Painted Lady butterfly,
which in the - spring crosses the Sa-
hara and Egyptian deserts from some
unknown sources, crosses the Medi-
terranean, flies snore or less north-
ward through Europe, reaching Brit-
ish shores in early June. Some-
times individual stragglers are seen
in the extreme north of Iceland or
within a few degrees of the Arctic
circle.
"The whole distance of these flights
is between 2,000 and 3,000 miles, byt
it is not possible to say with certain-
tyLemons an fres , if any one individual buterfly coy -
Grapes with the bloom on them soft ers the whole distance or if it is cov-
and tender, ered by two successive generations.
Sung in their mantles of purple for the butterflies lay eggs as they
rolled. I go.
"Butterflies appear to have an urge "Turnips like chaplets of pearls a-toaotdfly
to maintain it inin a fispite xed itoftdis-
glowing,
Carrots rose -flushed as the skies, turbances due to wind and obstacles
at e'en, in their path. They have even been
recorded as flying through railway
An old Negro was very late for his tunnels."
work, and when his boss reprimanded ,,Play Only" Schools
him he said, "Well, sir, it was like lis.
When Ale looked into de glass dis During the recent summer holiday,
morning I couldn't see myself there,' London County Council schools were
so Ah th•ought.,,Ah must tab gone to all opened as "play centres," games
work. It was two hours later dat Ah and toys
and keebeing p ptrovided
em off amthe streets
eth'
discovered de glass had dropped out childrenp
orb de frame." in wet weather.
Mr, Slowit: "I-er-er-am going to tell
you something that er-er-will no doubt
surprise you. i-er-er-think—"
Miss Knutting: "Well, that is a sur-
prise. Funny I never noticed it be-
fore. How long have you been think-
ing?"
hink
ing?"
A Greengrocer's Window
"Oranges gleaming in tawny splend-
our,
d limes of the palest gold
Musical Wife -"It's strange, but
when I play the piano I always feel
extraordinarily • melancholy," Hus-
band—"So do I, dearest."
A certain lift -boy in one of the big
stores hated to be asked needless
questions. One day a rather fussy old
lardy entered the lift. "Don't you
ever feel sick going up and down in
this lift all day?" she asked. "Yes,
Ma'am." "The motion of going up?"
"No, ma'am." "Is it the stopping that
does it?" "No, ma'am." "Then what
is it?" "Answering questions, ma'am."
(bears and seals. Andree, n one en-
observed.
n
try in the diary,
fl res, n those things. She felt my head his
observed humorously j and said night , voa ac
Fraenkel was "chief cook" and
aftei ''corn ai ,
that F
Modern Relief Methods
licioris food he boon swinnming'." W Loading 5,000 pounds of surgical dressings, antitoxins and
commented on the de
prepared in the trildst of bar'ren� An insert sting or bite on the upper aboard tutted States naval aeroplane for delivery in Santa
vastes.
Later, to they approached nearer, lip Is said to be much more tlauger relieve hurricane stricken city.
Dietl, they had an opportunity to ous than one on the lower lip, i
Use of Cumbersome `Perms
Is Deplored by Scientists
humble Bumble Bee Has Technical Name Composed of
Five Words—Small Fish Equally Burdened
A movement is on among scient- Part of the use of these terms is
ists to simplify their cumbersome due to the fact that when a discovery
technical terms. It„ is under the lead is made, the discoverer is allowed to
ership of a group of Cornell profes- give his own name to the find, Hence,
Sore. Many scientific terns used t'o- a biologist, for example, discovering
day are' almost too long and too un- insects adds his name to the rest ot
wieldy to be pronounced by the in his description. Professor James G.
vestigators thefnselves. In some. Needham of Cornell University, pro -
oases, scientists giving publiclectures testing against this practice, says that
have contented themselves by display- the custom has multiplied "beyond
ring the names of specimens on a reason" the volume of scientific terms.
Screen, thus avoiding the problem. The Cornell University professors
One name against which a protest say that the advance of science is
is raised is: Cullumanobumbus silent- hindered by the existence of this un-
jeivi semenoir tianshanskyi Shorikov. wieldly and cumbersome "lingo." An
It is long enough and big enough to investigation is proposed to develop
be the name for a dinosaur. Instead, a new plan for creating names, work -
these five words constitute the name Ong on these three suggestions. First,
of a small, humble member of the that a name should be a name and
bumble bee family; Dven biologists not a definition; "second, it should
have trouble with such a name. not be, a memorial inscription, and
The b'timble bee is not an exception. third, ,that It should not be a treatise;
Other specimens have as long and as on relationships.
hard names. For instance, the name Professor A. A. Michelson 18 among,
of a certain very small fish is, Mi- those who find the present scientific
crostomaticoichthyobarus bashfo rd terms in need of 'Chicago scientist change. aThe hlece a
deanii Nicholls and Criscom. m
t
small crustacean bears this nitwieldly address found himself boti,ered bet the
series of names: HrachyuropuSlikyder- pronunciation of the name of a 'eery
matog
ainriiartlsgrewingll, tenemono- fain star and onhe spur at the mom.. tlµg ent substituted another native.
'iQjv
anaesthetics
Domingo to