Zurich Herald, 1927-10-20, Page 3J.l . LEARNS FROM CANADA
Experts From Russell Page/ Foundation Study Our Inrus-
trial Dispute Acts to Advantage
SYSTEM EFFECTIVE
Now York City, Oct. 10,—peemei- principles' has been laid down or de -
tion of strikes andlookouts by legis veloped to govern decisions of the
latioii ie a futile moans o fattempting 'boards.
Commenting on the apparent ten-
dency of the boards of conciliation
and investigation, appointed under
the Canadian Act, to ignore the edu-
cation of public opinion, the report
says: "..Canadian • officials have frank-,
ly assumed that the community is not
especially interested in knowing the
truth in an industrial dispute but in
avoiding any interruption of service
that will jeopardize its comfort and
routine."
to avert indistrial disturbances; get-
ting both sides in a labor dispute to-
gether for discussion and conciliation,
on the other hand, is shown to have
been an effective means of govern-
mental intervention in serious .indus-
trial
indus-trial controversies—these are same
of the. conclusions in 'a 400 -page re-
. port on ."Postponing Strikes" publish-
ed here to -day by the Russell Sage
Foundation, The report is based on
a study, made by Ben. M. Selekman,
of the efforts to prevent strikes in
Canada durin gthe last 18 years by
means of the Industrial Disputes In-
vestigation Act.
In a foreword, to the report, Miss
Mary• ' Iran ICieeek, director..,of the In- through medium of the mails. The
dustrial ,Studies Department of the
Russell Sago Foundation, says:. "We
Seek not to bring enlightenment to
Canadians, but to look across the bor-
der toward our neighbors' mines,
railroads and factories, and to ask
whether the Act has accomplished its
purposes satisfactorily and whether it
can wisely be followed in this coun-
try.
"Tho continuous and efficient ser-
vice of ,public utility industries, under
conditions fair to employees, is essen-
tial to the welfare of the general com-
munity," Miss van ICleeck said, "but
t cannot be secured by the short cut
advocated by many influential citi-
zens in recent years—legislative limi-
tations on the right to strike.. -
"The study' of Canada's experience
to postponing ,and so averting strikes
was undertaken because in the United
States the wage-earner's right to
strike in transportation systems, coal
alines, public utilities or in any indus-
try affecting large communities, is be-
ing challenged by a considerable sec-
tion of the community and ire the ef-
fort to prevent such strikes legisla-
tures are repeatedly proposing and
sometimes enacting laws patterned
after the Canadian Industrial Dis-
putes Act. These proposals are often
based upon a mistaken idea of the
actual scope and operation of 'this
law."
Tho Canadian Act prohibits declara-
tion of a strike or lockout in mines,
transportation systems or other pub-
lic utility industries until a report on
the dispute has been made by a board
of conciliation .and investigation and
imposes fines for violations. A new
board is appointed for eachdispute
and in each board a representative of
the public presides, Ate other mem-
bers being representatives of thhe
employers and employees. '
The report shows that in -536 dis-
putes handled under the Canadian
Act 490 strikes (91• per cent.) were
ended or averted; during the same
18 years, however, there were 425
strikes in which the Act was com-
pletely ignored, and 40 per cent. of
the working days lost through all
strifes, were lost through disputes in
coal mines.
On Canadian railroads where con-
ditions are fairly well stabilized, the
report says, the Industrial Disputes
Act has worked well; in coal mines
where instability and chronic • irregu-
larity of employment prevail, it has
failed. Although a coal strike gave
rise to the Act, and one of its primary
purposes was to prevent the recur-
rence of such strikes, the report at-
tributes this failure more to (Mama
ties inherent in the coal mining in-
dustry than to flaws in the Disputes
Act.
Warning Against Fake Stock
Selling
The most important method of
fraudulent *tock selling is carried on
Contrasting the situation in the
United States with that in Canada,
the report says: "Just as the policy
of conciliation pursued by the Cana-
dian government has won the co-
operation of labor in the administra-
tion of the Industrial Disputes Act, so
the policy of coercion sometimes pur-
sued by government bodies in the
United States has intensified the op-
position of labor to similar laws. The
Canadian experience indicates that
governmental bodies can obtain the
best results in industrial disputes,
hot by threatening arrest, imprison-
ment or fines, but by intervening in a
evmpatletic and conciliatory spirit to
find those terms upon which agree-
ment may be reached."
Mr. Solekman, the Russell Sage
Foundation's investigator, points out
that while the Canadian Industrial
Disputes Act was drafted on the prin-
ciple of compulsion, it has been ad-
ministered largely as a measure to
secure voluntary consultation and
agreement.. Thus while 472 punish-
able violations of the law occurred
in 18 years, only 16 of these were
" brought before the courts and noise of
these at the instigation of tate govern-
ment. L'he government's policy has
been against resorting to prosecution
of violators of the Act, despite the
fact that the Act provides a penalty
of fines ranging from $100 to $1000 a
day for employers and from $10 to
$50 a day for employees declaring a
strike or iockatit in "violation of the
law,
Mr. Selekman found .that the Cana-
dian boards of conciliation and in
•vostigation Beard industrial disputes
not as judges called on to render de.
cielens, nor as investigators to dis-
cover the relevant facts for the edam.-
dolt
duce-ttolt of the community, but as peace-
=ken called on to create a friendly
and informal atmosphere which would
help to bring about s,niieable settle-
ments.= Nodefinite code, of lndnsteial
two chief ways of developing clients
by mail are the distribution of market
letters and market newspapers. In
both cases the firm from which they
originate is important, the only defi-
nite line that can be drawn is that of
merbership -in a reputable stock ex-
change, preferably the Toronto Stock
Exchange or the Standard Stock Ex-
change. The stock being foisted on
the publishers' clients may be detect-
ed almost without fail by two general
characteristics. It is usually a low-
priced stook and the successive issues
of either the market letteror' the
newspaper will .continue to harp on.
this particular stock.
Two other bits of good advice to
'the prospective investor are first: "the
quality of the stock being sold is very
likely to vary inversely to the sales
pressure being applied to such sell-
ing;" the second, "Never buy a stock
if its purchase is urged by telephone
or telegraph, except where the firm is
reputable."
In the last analysis "Before you
invest, investigate." _•, -
"The synthetic thrill in kissing is
dangerous—to your bridge -work, un-
less your car boasts shock assorbers."
Record Wool Year in New
South Wales
Sydney, N.S.W.—The quantity of
greasy wool recorded for the year end-
ed June 30 last, and of which Gov-
ernment figures are but recently avail-
able, was 495,820,000 pouncir, of a total
value in this city of over £35,000,000.
The average price in .the grease was
173zd. per pound. This clip, represent-
ing 1,539,700 bales, was tlt•o heaviest
known in New South Wales. There
are between 60,00.0,000 and 60,00.04000
sheep in this State.. The exact total
is not ascertainable just now, but the
fact that last year the total was set
down at 61,880,000 indictees that the
figures just given are conservative.
The State may be considered as car-
rying to capacity, and if there is a
prolonged dry time the strain on the
pastures generally will be severe.
French Methods/ for eeping a
Kitchen Odorless
No housewife likes the odor of cook-
ing to go through the house. To pre-
tent this happening, the French are
known to resort to one of two simple
devices.
If the odor of the anticipated cook-
ing is not exceptionally strong, they
take a potato, eta it in two, and lay
one half, skim down, on the stove. rt.
warms there, but without becoming
cooked. The potato absorbs the odor
of whatever happens to be cooking,
provided the odor is not too intense.
If it should Happen to be very strong,
the housewife may take .an orange
pool, put a few drops of vinegar on it,
and lay this peel on the stove in the
same way as the potato half. The
skin gets a little warm, but does not.
eoolr, and the kitchen is without oder,
Cape Town to Relieve Over-
Crowded Slums
Cape Town --A motion is being tab-
led bymembers of the Cape Town City
Council for the raising of a loan of
£500,000 to relieve the overcrowding
in the slum districts.
Dr. Seadick Higgins says that Cape
Towii steeds 6260 houses immediately,
and 900 more 'will be required each
year to cope with the increase in
population, Over 75 per cent, of the
non-European population, he says, live
eottstantly under overcrowded condi-
tions• acid the peeition constitutes a
menace to the oity generally,
Canada Busy As :a
HER NATIONAL
The busy beaver doing his
EMBLEM AT WORK
stuff in Jasper National Park
New Maps
Early Days of Fur Trader and
Indian Recalled by Maps
Recently Issued by
Government
The early days of the fur traders in
Canada are recalled by the publica-
tion of two new map sheets of the Na-
tional Topographic series by the
Topographical Survey, Department pf
the Interior, at Ottawa. These are
the provisional editions of the Grand
Rapids and The Pas sheets, adjoining
each other and showing that portion
of Manitoba and a small portion' o
Saskatchewan lying between latitudes
53 degrees and 64 degrees, and be-
tween longitudes 98 degrees and 102
degrees. These maps are -published
on the scale of four miles to an triple
in five colors and may be obtain.
te
from the above office. The Depart-
ment makes a nominal charge of fifty
cents each for the maps in :folder
form or if printed on linen -backed
paper, and twenty-five cents each if
on ordinary map paper.
The main topographical features
are the Saskatchewan River with its
tributaries, its devious passages and
its lake expansions, and portion of
Lake Winnipegosis and Lake Winni-
peg. The early fur traders and ex-
plorers in canoes or York boats used
the route from Lake 'Winnipeg via
Saskatchewan River to points in the
far West or North. Much has boon
written of tho picturesqueness of
these early voyageurs and it is inter-
esting to trace out on these maps
some of their routes of travel. The
lower valley of the Saskatchewan is
largely level country subject to
periodic flooding, as may readily be
seen from the map by the labyrinth of
watercourses shown. This valley is
really the delta of the Saskatchewan
River before it enters Cedar Lake on
its way to Lake Winnipeg and the
area has the characteristic delta for-
mation. There are regular water
routes followed by steamers and
motor boats of shallow draught. In
the duck shooting season this district
is visited by numerotts hunters as it
is a feeding ground for all kinds of
wild ducks. It is a trapper's paradise
as the swamps and marshes swarm
with muskrats. Thousands of pelts
from those little fur bearers are taken'
every season, and find their way to
the fur auction sales in Montreal or
London.
From Cedar Lake to Lake 'Winni-
peg the character of the country is
entirely different and the Saskatche-
wan River flows swiftly with several
rapids culminating in the Grand
Rapids, where there is a fall of about
75 feet. In the early clays it was
necessary to portage around these
rapids, but the Hudson's Bay Coni- '
pany now has a tramway from Lake
Winnipeg to a point on the river
above the Grand Rapids. . There is a
very great potential source of power
in the rapids at this point and 110
doubt some day this will be developed
and utilized.
The information shown on the maps
was largely obtained from photo-
graphs taken from aeroplanes under
the guidance of Dominion Land Sur-
veyors of the Topographical Survey
staff acting as navigational officers.
Not all of The Pas sheet was photo-
graphed, hense there are stili blank
spaces in the southwestern part of
that map.
The two map sheets lying directly
f to the north of these two are also in
course of preparation and will be is-
sued, soon.
•
Face -Lifting
Dr. Leonard Williams. in the Empire
• Review: The practice of having the
skin of the face 'tilifted" by surgical
means, in order to obliterate wrinkles,
is a procedure of whiohr from time to
time one hears a good deal. Lille dye-
ing the hair, such attempts to deceive
all and sundry are seldom convincing.
Perhaps the most ludicrous subterfuge 1.
belonging to the category sof personal
fake is that of the balddieaded roan
who tries to cover up his baldness by
bringing the .hair from over one ear
across the dome of the head. With
his genius for apt generalization, It is I
thus .that Mr. Punch usually depicts ;
the grocer. Use mentality behind
such a trick is very difficult to gauge;
for no one •can really suppose that
anyone is thereby 'deceived.
Britain Won't Shirk
Wickham Steed in :the Review of
Reviews: There are worse things
than war. One of them is slothful
degeneration of the moral sense. A
day may come when we shall have to
make up our minds whether we will
face the risks of war for the salve of
peace. Were • that issue ever pre-
sented frankly to the people, there
would be little doubt of the answer.
They, who would not for any
sordid cause, would still fight for a
sure and known ideal, and their readi-
ness to fight would be likely to maks
fighting superfluous. But if,any
British Government, present or fuure,
imagines eta the people of this coun-
try will tight again for a cause it
does nodi understand, or merely to cut
its way out of a Muddle in which pur-
blind Ministers may have involved it,
teat Government will be likely to get
a rude awakening.
The politiciansliave nothing on the
suburbanite when it comes to "run-
ning. for office."
The "backward' South is no more
backward than much of New England.
—Dail C. Seitz.
Adventure Follows Science in Tract
Hunting Flora on World's Roo f Mid Strange People, Ick
Heights and ,Arid Desert
HIGHER T
HAN EVEREST
A fascinating recountal of three
Yeark of exploration and botanical re-
sc,.p eh. in the most •extensirvo .111'
loftiest plateau region iii the world,
the mountain fastness• and grass -lands
of •serol -civilized Tibet, is made by Dr.
Joseph Francis Rock, director of the
Arnold Arboretum -Harvard University
botanical and zoological expedition.
It is a thrilling tale of adventure
a country of mountain ranges rising
one upon another in a succession of
gray, backed ridges againsta seeming-
ly endless and insurmountable pano-
ramic background of snow and ice a
land where the lowest valley floors. are
15,000 to 17,000 feet above sea level;
where huge amphitheaters of bare,
eroded limestone are cut -into myriad
cliffs whose sides drop steeply into
narrow chasms of rivers whose serpen-
tine courses are hemmed in by precipi-
tous walls of red and brown sandstone.
Dr. Rock in an interview tells of the
difficulties he and his escort of faith-
ful natives encountered while pursu-
ing a path into the unexplored region,
where bitiug'wiriter blasts of the rare-
fied atmosphere of the high mountain
contrasted Sharply with the terrific
heat of arid deserts; where icy tor-
rents, interminable mud sillies and
sloughs, and broken bridges often
blocked the trail.
Collection New In Boston
Dr. Rock's collection of botanical
and ornithological specimens from the
regions :heretofore unknown to botan-
ists has been placed- in the Arnold
Arboretum and the Harvard Museum
of Comparative Zoology. It consists
of approximately 30,000 sheets of
plants, several hundred packages of
seeds, .samples of woods, 1046 birds,
700 photographs and extensive data
compiled from the explorer's note
books.
Among the collection of birds are
specimens of bearded eagles with a
wing spread of 10 fest, IColonor cranes,
black -neck cranes, several unknown
species of pheasants, eared pheasants,
bar -neck, geese„white ibis, herons, cor-
morants, blue -tail bush robins, snow- ,
cocks, ravens and snips. Approxi-
mately 300 various species of birds
arerepresented in the collection, ac-,
.
cording to Dr. Outram Bangs, ornitho-
logist at the museum, who is prepar-
ing the specimens for classification.
Expedition Started In 1924
or semi -arid grasslands;. and is vory
rich in fish Large 'flocks of sheep)
goats, yak and hprsee graze in the
surrounding plains.
After exploring the Richthofenl,
range which runs parallel to the north'
Ko -Ko -Nor harrier range, ,Dr. Rook
crossed the Minshan, eouthwest of
which Iles Tebbu land. where he found
some of the most important spools!
mans of hie coileetton,
To get into Tebbu land he wast
forced to go through the great Shimen
or Rook Gate at an elevation of 11,600
feet. The highest portal of .this na-
tural gate is 16,000 feet sigh,
Tebbu land is a country of steep
slopes and dense forests of conifers1 -
and spruce and fir, trees with an un-
dergrowth of scrub rhodedendro
varying in colors from rose pink tol
I turquoise blue and deep purple shades:{
Curious walled villages were disoovl
Bred in alpine meadows where grewl.
scattered clumps of willows and barl
berries or occasional orchards oft
pears, cherries and jujubes.
Dr. Rock attempted to explore the
country in the direction of the Anne
Machin, a mountain of extraordinary
geographical interest which is said to,
be many thousand feet higher -than
Mount Everest, hitherto 'believed to
be the highest mountain in the world.)
The explorer learned of this range
through Brig, Gen. George Pereira;
who made a special trip from Peking
in 1922 to explore the peak, and pass-
ed on within 100 miles of his goal.
When General Pereira returned to
�
Peking after his first view of the
Amne Machin, he rescribed it as
"towering aboue everything else In
its snow -clad grandeur.”
The Chinese call the mountain
Ma -chi Ilsieh-Shan. The director of
the Arnold Arboretum expedition was
thwarted in his attempt to reach the
l Amne Machin by the Goloks, nomads
I of Tibetan origin, a _warlike people
who recognize no authority except
their own chiefs. They are robbers
by profession, according to Dr. Rock;
having raided and preyed upon other
tribesfor many years. For this rea-i
son the country bas been left ung
touched by evploring parties.
Tribesmen Block the Way
The Goloks gathered their warriors
and formed an impenetrable chain of
armed and mounted tribesmen across
the country Dr. Rock had to cover, and
he was forced to turn back. The ex-
plorer and his attendants had several
skirmishes with brigands and robbers ,
Most of the inhabitants of Tibet'
who number approximately .2,000,0.00,
are semi -civilized members of Mon-
golian races somewhat related to the
Burmese, Dr. Rock said. In places
where they can live in houses ani
cultivate land, the Chinese will come,
but the pastoral work is done by rov-
ing tribes of Mongols and Tibetans,
living intents among their flocks. In
these tent villages of the Tibetans ite
crude shelters aro constructed of
black yak hair in the form of a rec-
tangle. The tents of the Mongols are
circular and made of •sheeps' wool
felt.
Dr. Rock reported that the expedi-
tion was successful from every stand-
point. All of the specimens arrived
in Boston in perfect condition, and not
even a letter was lost while on the
trip.
The expedition started in 1924 with
the object of exploring the regions in
Central Asia of which little was
known from a botanical and zoological
standpoint. Prot. Charles Sprague
Sargent was partly responsible for the
promotion of the expedition and it was
entirely financed by officials of the
Arnold Arboretum. Dr. Rook was also
director of the National Geographical
Society's Yunnan -Tibet expedition in !
1923-24. Traveling overland from'
Indo-China Dr. Rock operated along
the vast, sand -swept areas cf the Gobi
Desert, and entered Tibet. In 1925 a!
war between the Tibetans and the 1
Muhammadans prevented Dr. Rock!
front following the course he had;
mapped out, and he traveled north to
Lake Ito-ICo-Nor, the Blue Lake, in
Tibet, not far from the Chinese Pro-
viuce cf Kan-su.
Lake High in Clouds
Lake Ko-ICo-Nor covers an area 600
miles long and 40 miles wide, 9975 feet
above the level of the sea in the midst
Ancient Pottery
Dug Up in Berlin
Relics Thousands of Years Old
Indicates City Was Cite of
Prehistoric Settlement
Berlin. — Numerous prehistoric re-
lics found under the former royal
library by workmen restoring the
pile -frame on which the building's
foundation was built point to the
existence of some earlier settlement
on the site of the present pity of Ber-
lin. These relics, believed to be
thousands of years old, comprise tho
boucle of unknown species of animals
and specimens of unadorned pottery.
Berlin was originally erected on a
swamp aucl even to -day net peat -bogs
aro under sorie of the city's principal
streets. It therefore became neces-
sary, even as late as the eighteenth
century, when Frederick the Groat
built the royal library, to construct
the foundations of larger structures
Who, Wouldn't Like to S crotch Their Silky Ears?
NINE BUNDLES OP' SUBDUED MISCHIEF
Bloodhound pati) ties snapped r t.th l4dfnttfide I�enflels Lei htou Buzzard,. Efi •land look rather bored tts
6 r.
I pl oc 1 0 g >
they pause in thele play foe the photo-grapher to get this picture
on pile -frames of hundreds of huge
tree trunks driven into the bog until
they were entirely flooded by the
water.
Through the rapid sinking of the
subterranean water level within the
last few centuries, however, the pile -
frame under the library was exposed
and started to rot, thereby causing
the foundation to give way and threat-
ening to cause the collapse of the
massive building.
In the course. of metering tho
library's pile -frame, relics of a bygone
age were found in the bog in such
numbers as to give palentologists and
archeologists a new incentive for as-.
siduous research.
It is believed that so many remains
of animals found in a comparatively
small area point to some catastrophe
of nature that killed all these animals
about the same time, whereas -the
pottery specimens are considered
proof of a community of fairly` civil-
ized human beings having existed at
a remote age on the spot where Ber-
lin now stands.
Must Have Gut Out the Movies.
"I never go where people talk be-,
land my back."
"You don't attend the movies then?"
One thing is certain: the airplane
freight won't have to pull over out a
siding to let the passenger planes.
go uy,