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The Herald, 1914-11-27, Page 5y n, ie- a ia av an n - else of tie .he tate 1150 ity the nit! 'ug oh, "ay ole ran ick at, sn+l ens ice eel, eg< ay R c 0 ar AUTOMOOIII CORPS IN WAR CONDITIONS IN ]1UROPE ARE FAVORABLE. ee— Belbi{ins' Use of the Motor Oar 'Was Ef'fect'ive Against Le Germans. One of the most surprising devel- opments of the war has been the ep7:endid services. rendered by the automobile corps of the various armies. It was expected, ,of oourse, that automobiles would prove ef- ficient instruments of transporta- tion and com'munioation, but the degree to which they have made good as actual fighting units came as a distinct surprise to those who had followed the woeful failures of the sporadic attempts which have been made to use them as such in the Mexican revolutionary cam- paigns. The magnitude of the numbers engaged as compared with the com- paratively restricted area in which the vast armies are operating makes necessary great concentration of forces, This condition., with the good roads to be found all over the entire theatre of operations, with the possible exception of the Iraassian frontier, has multiplied many times the opportunities for using successfully the armored and machine gun. bearing automobile. One of the features of the open- ing stages of the campaign in Bel- gium was the wonderfully efficient scouting and skirmishing made pos- sible by the Belgians' ase of the motor car. Before the bringing up of the German artillery they proved .almost invincible against detach- ments of the advance screen of the German army, and reports of the wiping out of entire squads, sec- tions and even platoons of Uhlans in the wild rush of one of these pro- tected machines, pouring out a steady stream of death from the rn.achine gun hidden behind its steel armor plates, were daily received. In Actual Battle Operations they are, of course, of little value, for a well placed shot from a light field piece is all that is required to put theme out of commission, and the feature of the present conflict tha•s been the universal and constant use of artillery, even in small en- gagements. In the absence of artillery,, -how- ever, there .seems to be nothing iiahat can be done to stop a, well ar- anored and speedy machine in scout- ing operations over good roads. The only possible method is the placing of an obstruction on the road in front of it, the digging of a pitfall or the destruction of a abridge. Even tthes•e methods would not be certain if fairly level country bordered the road, for the machine might win -out in many, .a, desperate chance on a dash across a field or around an obstruction. - Furthermore, the oases in which a detachment of cavalry have time to prepare such ebstruotionss would be very few. Granting that the 'cavalry's outposts were a mile athead of the main body, a sudden rush of one of these armored de- stroyers around a bend in the road would annihilate the horsemen and even if ;the machine were traveling enily at the rate of 30 miles an hour, but two Minutes 'would elapse be- fore it Iwae in the midst of the main body, its armored ,sides impervious to ride ,and' revolver fire, while its 'hooded machine gun pumped bullets into the unprotected cavalrymen at the rate of 250 a minute, A Preei•pitate Dash across the fields at the very first alarm would be the only safe course for the detachment unless cover could be hastily sought in a nearby wood. Both manoeuvres would be purely negative, however, for 'they would not be likely to stop the rushing machines unless ,by chance --a very small chance—a fortunate bullet should find its way through one of the loopholes in the sides of the armored car. The speed with which flanking movements were conducted in the German advance prior to Septem- ber 6th was largely due to the ex-. ecllent use made by the German panty of their specially constructed heavy automobiles. In some in= r;'tanoes these machines saw service In . actual engagements, although their usual and intended •use was that of transportation. Scores of thele immense truok's each .carrying 40 men and one er wo :r�a,gycll4.e . plaeYverl•triQee4 out n: dvence o to flanking t a ink n oolaiinils , in trany eases preceding the caval- ry to capture and hold important points until the arrival of , ednforse- Jtnents, when they would •again tputh ern to more extended flanking peel - Lions. . So 'heavy and powerful are these .automobiles that in many i iietanees where the, roads were blocked the drivers would simply steer them into the fields, crashing through fences and plunging across plowed fields by ,Sheer force, veritable bat- tleship,s of the land, invincibly forc- ing their way through .and over all. natural ob.staoles by their ;very mo- mentum, The full and efficient use to. which artillery has been . put by both the Germans and the :_allied forces,:has been due almost entirely to the use of 'automobile tractors, for these have been able to drag The Immense Siege Guns along with the army, never more than •a few miles behind the battle line, and given them a mobility tre- mendously superior to horse-drawn batteries. The large German Krupps, which have surprised the world by their effectiveness, could never have been brought into gen- eral action exesot for the powerful automobile tractors to which the Germans have attached them. An- other device which has made them practicable is .the peculiar form of wheel .used on the gun carriage it- self. Walking wheels is the most adequate description which can be applied to them. Immense square feet are attached on pivoted eon- neotions around the circumference of the wheels. As the forward sec- tion of the wheel revolves down- ward the pivot allows the foot to incline downward by gravity and plant .itself solidly on the ground. The feet are longer and broader than. the arm •which attaches them to the pivot, so that as the carriage shifts forward and the weight of the heavy gun is thrown upon them there is no wabbling. This type of wheel operates to very much the sante effect as the snowshoe, and prevents the wheels slipping or out - ting into soft ground. +r. THE SUN AND TIDE EYES. Dangerous to Watch Solar Eclipse Without Smoked Glass. Looking at the sun—even when partially eclipsed—requires careful eye protection to avoid risk of seri- ous harm, remarks a. writer in Seienoe Siftings. .A. recent French report gives the history of 18 cases of mild injury to incautious young persons who had 'watched a solar eclipse without suitable smoked glass. The effects were mostly the same in 'all, but varied greatly in degree. Dazzling was first com- plained of, then a fixed spot obscur- ing the centre of sight. The spot had sharp edges, with variable ool- or, but was most oftenyellow, giv- ing yellow vision. Next to the spots dimness of vision was the most common ,symptom. Even when this was little noticed the eye was quick- ly fatigued, and the pupil showed unusual contraction and rapid dila- tion. Though there was bloodshot appearance in some cases there was no hemorrhage, All oases re- covered, the spots disappearing in about a fortnight in all but one case, but the dimness of vision per- sisting a little longer. Military Strategy. In a letter to the Army and Navy Journal; • a retired army officer say's that no intelligent soldier will fire a dumdum or an explosive bullet at the enemy, for they both kill. The object of the rifleman is not to kill an enemy, but to wound him. "A dead man is eiraply • on•e esodadier . lost frons his army. He ie not a burden to anyone. A wounded soldier must be taken care of. Four wounded soldiers must have an am- bulance with two horses and an able-bodied soldier driver. Thirty wounded soldiers must have a aur- geon, a hospital steward, and ten or a dozen .able-bodied soldiers to aid the doctor and wait upon and nurse the wounded men. The am- bulances block. the, roads and delay the troops, especially the artillery and the supply wagons. When a man is hurt, everyone is anxious to get him at once to a doctor. If the troops on the firing .line are not well disciplined, and a soldier is wounded, 'there will be three or four soldiers who are willing and anxious to' carry him to the rear. For every soldier wounded, the fir- ing; line loses four. soldiers, and a hundred men wounded means 'that favor hundred men •are lost to the firing line, for they never rejoin their regimetab.• until :the battle is over." A 11ea.n Offer. First Maid—` ,The rich y ng fel- ler that's Courtin Miss t tel is a _Idly stingy," Second Tirlao. `r What makes 57,011 drink Oso 4" Fi t des Uihy, f heard him say to penny for your thoughts, ,and he a millionaire, mind you. LORD BERESFO:II•D. Good Stories of the Gallant Ail' iniral in .;:ii New Book. Lord Charles Beresf ord, z s .sailor; statesman (or reformer), and •t:' sportsman, is one of the moat in- teresting fl,gures in our time; and no man living • has had more or more varied experiences ,ashore and afloat, It goes without saying, (therefore, that "The Memories of Admiral Lord Charles .Beresford" just Pub- lished in' two bulky volumes, is a book worth reading. Several of Lord Charles' anec- dotes refer to• his' friendship with Royal personages, and: one of the best concerns the late King Ed- ward, when Prince of Wales. On 'one occasion, when I was driv- ing the Prince of Wales' on my • coach to a meet of the Four -in - Hand Club at The Magazine, Hyde Park, a man who was quite un- known- to me shouted: "'Ullo, Chawley. •'Ow are yer' I see you've got `Wiles' up along- side of yer." "Some of your friends seem very familiar," said the Prince, who took the remark with perfect 'good humor. The first racehorse owned by King Edward was bought by Lord Charles for him; it was called Stonehenge, and the King and Lord Charles were partners, in it. The Soft Answer: Lord Charles used to get his offi- cers to write essays on subje'ets connected with the Navy. One of them, a little middy; in his -contri- bution, suggested that the older officers should defer more tto• the middies, who, "having young and vigorous minds, were naturally bet- ter fitted to grapple with problems which baffled' the older and slower intellect !" This particular young gentleman must, I think, have applied his. vig- orous mind to the problem of how to obtain a generous allowance of leave. I trust I did him no- injus- tice; but, whenever the fleet lay off. the •coasts of Scotland, he was afflicted with a grievous toothache, requiring an immediate visit to the dentist. nieRi:nift* it; Lord Charles Beresford. When he had been ashore to have tooth out in every port in Scot- land, I sent for him. "Tell me," I esaid, "how many teeth you -have left?? For I make out that • you have had forty-six teeth extracted in Scotland alone." The middy did net reply. He gave leis superior 'best. A Pressing Friend. It is not generrally- known that Lord Charles waas once asked -by Isaac Butt—toetake up the leader - .ship of -the Home Rule party. He declined, on abbe- ground that fre- t/end 'wanted Land Reform more than Hoare Rule; and he advocat- ed •snob reform on lines that ad- yersely affected fected Ms own income. HHi His Pep—alienist among Irishmen of all' -classes and ereeds and polities is 'well known. When he went to Aanerica he was made a great fuss of by the Irish there : "One arnong guy countrymen had traveled •a, thousand miles to see me when he called at my hotel. I told him that I` had twenty m.in•ntee be- fore starting for Chicago, and that timT must retire tonay room to bathe, shave, and prepare a speech in that e. "I come wid ye," said he cheer- fully; anal while I made my disposi- tions he sat in the adjoining room and talked of the Odd Country with that pride and affection which all Irishmen feel for their native land. One of his Lordship's sayings is that horses are like Irishmen, yeti can do ,anything with them, if you understand then. BOY SCO1JTSSIIN PRANCE. e Wonderful Work Is Bring Don By Them. Every observer who has had a chance to •see what the Boy Scouts who followed the British expedi- tionary force into France have done, is enthusiastic over the splen- did service they have rendered. One correspondent, Mr. Halliday With- erspoon, who writes in the Boston Journal, confesses that he had al- ways thought the Boy iSeout move- ment a. rather silly sort of 'play. Since she saw the English boys at work in France, he has -changed his mind. The Scouts have net, except in rare cases, been permitted to go to the front, for moat of them are only from twelve to fourteen years old; but they have done police, messenger, and relief duty in the towns of northern France with ex- traordinary efficiency and self-re- liance. To a considerable extent, they have taken the gendarme's place as a director of traffic and dispenser of information, for the gendarmes are most of them on the firing line. One afternoon in Paris, says Mr. Witherspoon, I was over in the Montmartre section, engaged in a desperate and fruitless hunt. for• the commissionaire of police en the Rue C'laperyon. Nobody seemed to know the street, and T had planted myself in front of a cold drink while I waited .for a passing taxi. A Boy Scout, who looked English, came by. I hailed him. He knew where the Rue Olapei;yon was, pulled out a map, and showed me in. half a minute. 1 offered him a franc. "Thank you, sir," he said ; "eve don't take money, you know." "Have alemonade']" I invited. "No lemonade; thanks. But if you dont mind, sib,, I'll have a cup ofchoc•olate and a roll. I'm stony broke, and haven't had 'breakfast yet." This boy .was fifteen. years old, had been in Paris ten days, and was as coolly and collectedly at home as' he would have been in London. S witnessed an incident in Havre that illustrated admirably the use- fulness of the Scout and his .ability to rise to an emergency. I was out for an early morning prowl in the neighborhood of the railway station, when I ran across the most desolate, discouraged, disgruntled specimen of British soldier I had seen. He was perched on the top of a tarpaulin -covered ammunition wagon. drawn by four horses, and he was lost. It had just stopped raining, after an all-night down- pour, and Tommy and his whole outfit were oozing moisture like a soaked sponge. "1 sys," he called, "you bloke on the sidewalk 1" (1 was the "bloke.") ") "Where is No. 4 camp'" I did not know, and -said eo. Whereupon Mr, Soldier, his patience strained to the breaii'in,g point, abused me volubly in the choicest cockney-. It appear- ed that his regiment, had landed in the web at 1 a,m. 'Coming up the quay his harness had broken. When he bed made repairs, the regiment had disappeared, and he bad got lost. Be could n.ot speak a word of French, was mad clean through, hated French and American "blokes." was "dead broke," and wanted something to eat and drink. Also he had had no sleep for fart). - eight hours. At this juncture two Boy Scouts appeared. They knew all about No. 4 camp, and they promptly took command of the ammunition wag- en. One of the boys mounted the nigh 'wheel horse, and the other perched on the driver's seat in front. They ordered the soldier round as if they owned him. "Get under that canvas and go to sleep 1" eaid the !Scout on the wagon. `'We'll take you where you belong," Tommy looked' at me, with a grin and a wink and crawl- ed under the tarpaulin. The last I saw of thane the wagon was rattling out the Boulevard .Strassbourg in the direction of tSanvic. The Ms are as resourceful as a North American Indian, and as ready to accept hardship as a vet- eran of four years' fighting. Some ifeliows never gets a gait on till they start to run in debt. - KAISER HAS NO MORAL SENSE J'IN'OT CA]JJS HIM A CROWNED - MATTOIDE, . Extraordinary Despot Referred to apt Belf (iri8nritntal, Ralf Mad. The Kaiser has -been called many names, but it has' been reserved.to M. J'ea'n Pinot, the well-known French writer and philosopher, to lay bare his true oh'anaater in a comprehensive and psycbollogic'a•-1 manner. The Kaiser, he say's, its. a"niat- toid'e," This title is not a new honor. It means that the Kaiser is half mad,. -half criminal. The term was created ley -'the school of Italian criminologists, prominent among whom was Cesare Lombro•so, and has net had an English transla- tion. M. Finot's comprehensive and un- inapassioned method of putting the Kaiser in his place has createdim- mense interest in Paris. What would be the effect df ,the Germans could be brought to see that the Em- peror they now regard as a demi- god is nothing more Shan a "mat- toide," a criminal madman.? Steps are being discussed to d'is'tribute from aeroplanes in Germany pam- phlets of M. Finot'•smasterly* dis- section, translated into the Ger m•an language. In a conversation with Cesare Lombrose, in Turin, some years ago, the great criminologist com- municated his opinion of the Ger- man Emperor to M. Finest. Lom- broso clawed him as a charaoteris- tic "mattoide." No Moral Sense. It was agreed that a psyiatruc study of the Emperor should be published, in view of the inquietude caused to ell psychologists by his accesses of verbomania and megalo- niania, joined to an hereditary ill- ness. "There is something infinitely humiliating for hunriamity," says M. Pinot, "in that it allowed itself to be duped for so many years, for, after all. the august oharmer is nothing else but a ,simple degener- ate, one of those `mattoides' who astonish those around them by their slimness, the variety and in- eonsistetncy of -their gifts, and by the absence of all. mtoralvty. "Ilhe vagaries of the existence of William, his attitudes, his thoughts, his acts. and his actions are incon- testably 'those of a degenerate in the true psyctlrological sense of the word." We may also say, M. Finot goes on to point out. That the moral sense is quite lacking in such per- sons. If they lie, ooanmdt thefts. even if they commit murder, they always are convinced that they have right on their side. The fault is al- ways the victiin'•s. in their minds. From Maudsley to Ferri, includ- ing Lacaseagne and many other psychologists of er'it inial madness, we find with 'alarming unanimity all the symptoms. in the caase of Wil- liam II. Bas Private Deity. A profound observation of Sue was later taken up and confirmed by many psychiatrists. This is bh•at evildoers have a horror of all stor- ies which dead with immoral ques- tions or crimes --and then we recall the hatred which the Frrench realis- tic novel and even the plays of Ger- man realists have always called forth from- the Emperor. "The religion of a. "mattttoide,' " Says M. Pinot, oanttimu.isag his m.or- dantt analysis, "is a quite speoial religion. He creates a God in his own image and annexes him to his individual use and benefit. His God has a private oare for :his per- sonal interests, he musd, add and abet him in his enterprises, and by bhi•s render holy and respectable his most blameworthy actions. If one finds practically no atheists among evildoers the majority of `ma'ttordes' are ever in -relations of the closest familiarity with their. Providence. Just 1114B criminals think to purchase Divine grace by wear- ing amulets or earning candles, so a crowned `mrattodde' will. go with glad heart to set fire to the whole world. But he will make, an entire people pray, believing rthat this must disarms the Divine anger and conquer all the Divine power in his flavor," -- What Inch of Rain Means. When .an ineth of rain has fallen it means that the amount of ,wester de- scending in that particular shower would cover the surrounding' terri- toryto a depth of one i.neh, provid• ing, of couree, that it did not run away or soak into the ,ground. It means that on one acre water enough bo fill more than 600 barrels of 46 gallons each has 'fallen. This quantity of water we:ig+bs anore than 110 tons. GERMANY'S X03: shit THE WAR CANNOT fl1 N 1D WI A TREATY. By Dishonoring Herr Pledge Delia! Herself. Front 1'sstcr'aatiori al Agreements.' . The only Ithhing that has pr<evente wars front being rn•naaaraacr es air peace from being neeittessly broke! in the Intervale between wars the Law of Nation. Not in peso but in time of war, :iasis the, para mount necessity of a lkaw of 'N. ttions most deeply cud earnestly felt Dis•obedienoe to that law of Na- tions debars Germany- from again signing any treaty •with England. The object of at( tear is to estab- lish the .ascend ocv 'of ,One of other of oonflioting Ideas between nation or groups of n•att erns- GGet many'+s ideal is Germany .-Ive•i ail. Eng- land's ngland's ideal is liberty. The war -we are w, irig ,t thus no ordinary war. 'The esetblement af- ter the war will dee no'ordinary set- tlement. The elose of fainter wars has always been followed by & Treaty of Peatoe. 'tl1v oieae of this war can resitlit M. uo Treaty of Peace, because Germany We deli berately r•enou.nteed, ibhe' power making a treaty wntih any •power. What is a treaty? Et begins • a consultation between pbenipi. ttiaries who are oelbamtuibly of ei status. When you ootnfer wit': dishonorable maxi, with a, view to a business 'contract, 'if yo+r ;tee cheat- ed that is his faautb end the result of bad judgment. If hafts are (heat- ed -twice by the same di, honorable reran that is your feeitl, YU are a. fool. Germany is Qa, uiilhonorable power; she tells tae herself she re- gards tre atiee '0.100e..t \, .b$ sere ps of paper. Gernianny ifenectreellteea. Germany has play to 1 herself in ,the position of being u•aa.ble to han- dle, treat, eoeslu.tb, <Falcouree with, or manage a u'onferekoriet of plenipo- tentiaries for tee eternal -se of ad- justing of difference or of forming any agreement ,far a. Ioetiug peace. Germany is egregiort,a, i.e., -outside fire -flock of nabioste, 13les cannot ne- gotiate. Her dlplom-soy is dds- credited in -the ro.inde sof all sane business men, lee _aea,>raeernentt, league, or coneract wirt(t Germany. though for -malty I-tig=rreel by repre- sentatives duly autbhotrizetf rncl.:;:rrl eninly ratified ander 'eine eatti aa: signature of the xutaras:tee p, wer <: each State, is worth else t deet r it e written upon. Not the pr.(rf.artti.bisert ;,f holy places, nor the -meg .nit Cut st hite flag, nor the letting (•f piicate houses by the geir •/: ppaean t tars the Prussian Tereese iesp a fy• Ger- many from f,lr itici .te in the councils of nation,;;. f4h:: i' i,ey ' id the pale because her 41 g,t.r7i:?r,• .,ri a scrap of paper i Britain is :n the r i.1lti'r"1 t•ri-day of keeping malty ,rritii,il ;,s•„ e, many powers. Ge rules, lui,. •'. t•i:d to betray, England es keep r r:;a with other powers. We -shell sae which pays best. But, you wilt (sick, if s.,,-'a;noot make a treaty :rig pa ,e a else. oan the war be end,eri v ±:`tet ere crer is that when Gerais sty ir;r ('i relight to her knees •the hernias of ehoiteil.etiori will be impaoee¢t u'ticlec eettalty clauses capable vr.f 1, 1i,u,c •:•'rte ?' `.-tt. ('ager ill:r 't`i t;i�(•., England ana,illy Jrn,n,t cies,' r ensh in the Great ',dear heaven r,te Eng- lish onoe made pay shillings a pound far Angier, mid the English t'henesavas eese pay: no more than six -aortae. Tine « years .after ', relsr,igar. Awa st German trade will ht: the ni; a. efferrtuai and rnretrahatul '!'rrrilirder of bringing Germany on the r,:ee. of diernantling Krup:t'e fa eitr ,f en- forcing the eurrend > r -of r (: J e r - man fleet, o -f eater ntlnieei g t•lir' h•enzo.11ern riiyrn4aaters. •o20.1415.1tiing up and expelling beam, fir+ri'.ilsl}t '--oil all German natio,tr+abi, .inial 'if ;rnnihi- luting the c exaepvi ,-.S flee; tett di e Nietzsche and •oi .a,h,-. Treitschke. Germans wilt ellen ieta.rtl feem ex- perience that ern the long ran it pays a nation hetber tti Iteee'e its eelyd then to. reptidilibe a hand Credit, is the life blood of ekiri tat :•an. "If I wished 170 alio i pr ,Vince," said Frederick the Great, "1 would place it under else glover -note -hip Id- a professor.''. Prussia hats f;ssr, goAr<•;•rnee by professorsw'ittt iblr+e -remelt that no nation for a iinadred.1, i'asrki tea curve can make a treaty with. Prtro4ia any more than ami.f .ythout.ty nasi make a -treaty with ax Eigter• iii tibo sytilitier- bunds of the Iosegli. oro; ti' way to make an larrat;iu,'s ri nit with a -117 ger is toeagies y(,.-S(astarrr'A>,ir4*,• Isa•acstein--•Ai'lr, yes, niaod.:un, here is von of our lataeee Pirie create„ns. Mrs. 'Catterson-.--Pastel What are tilrese iperforatioxis g 4"1)1104 •,t re the _bullet holes:”