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The Wingham Advance Times, 1926-09-30, Page 8!Ir ateare / //t,�;7BP'd'c.•",n'1ti;rili'/lH f%• "3"UY><:/.S; 7fi*.E' e E"ST.�PGyi `•/r? J/YTf,(e4-.d3AC-'G"PGf//x. ) haloes Business On a Wholesale Scale-- Volcanoes, cale-Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Tornadoes and Lightning Are Among Her Chief In- struments, But Epidemic Dis- eases Are the Worst. By BENE /SAME ATURE is the great destroyer. houses serve as conductors of elec Recent earthquakes have tricky; for which reason it is un - been provide rods for a been making frightful havoc. necessary Y to P in the Iediterranean' region dwelling in a city block. trid'in Surtatra, where- thousands In; former, timesit was believed df people have lost their lives.- that thunderbolts could be warded In May last a tidal wave swept off by ringing bells. How little the Neat River; in Burmah, truth.: there was in this notion is frowning villages: and their in- shown. -by the fact ` that during .abitantsfor fifty miles inland. thirty-three years, in Germany,. rause, a volcanic explosion under lightning struck 386 bell -towers, he sea. killing 121 bellringers. A tower or In the same month the explosion any tall object •Is likely to attract f a volcano on the northernmost lightning, •offering an inviting con - eland ,of Japan let loose a lake ductor for the passage of•electricity roniwhat had been supposed to from a low -hanging storm cloud to e an extinct crater, and deluged the earth. Hence it is that churches isastrous1y with mud an extensive are so frequently' struck. } firming district, . The big trees of California are . We are accustomed to think of often '•struck and though not ture as a creator of things, but killed, their tops are stunted.' But ,,e Is also, a wholesale and ruth- for such happenings, says the as destroyer. Thunderbolts are Forest Service, they would be much 'prong her minor instruments of taller than they are. Forest Yires ilschief, but in the course of each in this country cost $660,000,00.0 In ve.lvemonth they kill several an average year. A great many tousand people and: cause great of them are started by' lightning. +sses of property. The Weather Throughout the Reeky :Mountain ureau says that in an average region there are certain areas Sar nearly 400 persons in the which are said to be in a "light nited States are killed by light- ning zone." There, is abportlon of ng, In thesante average period;the Colorado Plateau, extending- ; c t .dweli'in s from' '" western ` 'New Mexico to'. destroys seventy g , 250- lens,: and ten churches, not southern Utah, where trees are -.tinting lesser fires that it cause% t the big loss is in forest -fires, itch it often starts. Your Chance Of teeing Struck .Practically all deaths from light - ng occur in the months; from aril to September, the highest re being in June and July. Of cry three persons struck, two wise. The average; person in a ral.distriot is five tinges as likely be struck by lightning as a town ,ident. That is because the tin ofs and drain -pipes oe town more often struck than anywhere: elsein the United States. .On the volcanic -cinder fiats east of San Francisco Mountain 50 per cent of the trees have been killed or in- jured by lightning, and some of them bearseven or eight scars. When It Really Rains Another : of Nature's minor In - statements of destruction Is the, "'cloudburst:" It is a very remail. able' phenomenon, altogether ap- palling. There comes a summer storm, with massed clouds heavily XSj.)'Chr TUM/Y.9L,0 ioi5"'07'OG'/P, 9.0/714.0 4:7 ' i laden with water, Warm air rising from the ground level buoys up the. water and prevents it from falling. Finally it must come .down; and. then falls , as fast as gravity can bring it, not like ordinary rain but in sheets. 11 is composed of drops, but very close together, so that the, effect is. somewhat like l that of a shower bathturned on full force. When such a fall occurs Ina narrow valley, it is likely to be disastrous to the inhabitants. Water can flow only just so fast and no faster; 'so a literal wall of water, a ware that may be ten or fifteen feet High, sweeps through, carrying houses, people, and domestic '.ani- mals . with it. Many of the people are drowned, and there is whole- sale destruction of property and live stock. Along the .;eastern edge of the Rockies there `is a "cloudburst belt," where happenings of this catastrophic kind are not infre- quent. One cloudburst in Colo- rado, in 1596; cost fifty lives. But disastersof this. description .are by. no means unknown in the eastern part of the 'United States. It was a cloudburst, that broke the dam at Johnstown on a 'well -remem- bered oceasion, with consequences frightfully tragic. In 1863 a cloud- burst near Baltimore so augmented the volume of a small river that its banks 'were swept clean of mills and other ,buildings for miles, Freaks nl Of The Funnel Cloud • Tornadoes, like cloudbursts, are formed by atmospheric conditions so local that it is impossible to s J TQ 43- 100 .9.FeiP/rrr' pr/BL/S:94W /h' forecast them. Accordingly, .the Weather. Bureau suggests that. warnings of them be sent out by radio. The dreaded "funnel cloud" travels at a speed of only about thirty miles an hour; .its track, usually not more than S00 yards wide, is nearly always from :south- west to northeast, and thus it should be practicable to give ad- vance notice of its coming, when once it has made a. start. A broadcast warning, thatis tee say, notifying the inhabitants of a region of a tornado clemd, its di- rection of travel, etc.,' would give them time to get out of its path or seek refuge in their "cyclone tellers." It is an idea that should be of special value in Kansas and Nebraska, which are the States most severely afflicted,. by whirling storms of this kind. There Is no force in nature mightier than that of the tornado, which in a few seconds can tear to pieces the most substantial buildings; of stone and masonry. It is believed that the rang "snout" of the funnel cloud revolves at a ,caE.9if�//Y rate of at least 500 miles an hour, and inside of it is a vacuum, so that itup sucks'everything in its path:' The "twister" that struck St Louis May 27', 1596, 'did aver $12,000,0,00 worth of damage in ;a few minutes. Hundreds of Houses Um- up. The air surrounding them was sucked np by the mon- ster, `so that they were exploded by pressure from within. The cloud "shaped like a turnip" ewhich swept through 1touisvil'le March 27, 1890, killed seventy-six people in thatcity, fifty-four of whom were buried in the wreck of the city hall. It slew fifty-nine more in other towns. The total prolerty loss was reckoned at $0,4a©,OOti. "Cyclone Twisters" In Bunches In 1924 several tornadoes, a whole string of them formed • simul.. taneonsly,struck the Southern States, destroying $10,000,000 worth of property, killing more than 100 people, and seriously :injuring fire times that number. North Caro- lina and Louisiana suffered roost, Many small towns .and villages were wiped out or largely dernol- iphed. Two of the tornadoes actu- ally met at Borrel Hill, S. C., where seventy-five 'children were caught in a schoolhouse that was torn to pieces, four of them losing their lit es In March of last year thele was an outbreak of tornadoes in south- ern Illinois, outhernIllinois, several of them pursu- ing different tracks. Eight liun- dred and nine persons, Most of thein children, were killed, and 2,9.16 badly hurt. Many towns al most disappeared from the map, and such populous centers as lurphysburg and West Frankfort lost whole blocks of buildings. At Parrish, out of a population of about five hundred, only three escaped death or, injury. There: is no phenomenon of 'ria tura so -horrific as a mountain vomiting fire. In ten average years volcanoes, the world over, destroy $100,000,000' worth of property and. 45,000 lives. In 1551 Tomboro, a mountain on an island east of Java, tilew up.. killing 56,000 people. In 1S83 occurred the great: disaster of Krakatoa,. when an island be- tween Java and Sumatra blew up, with a loss of 36,000 lives. But Java is ''the very roof of Hades. Seven years ago one of its sixty "burning mountains," galut, broke loose, wiping out thirty-one 'vil- lages and 15,000 people. Volcanoes, }however, are by no means the most effective instru- ments used by Nature for the wholesale destruction of 'human lives. Incomparably more deadly are the great epidemic' diseases, all of which seem to have originated *in the Orient. Asiatic cholera has its home nest in the delta of the. Ganges. Bubonic plague conies from the province of Honan, In China. "Flu" is derived from somewhere in central Asia. The /4 047/P/eXe- T1:2,P/X-9.00 Crusaders brought smallpox back with thein to Europe from the Near East. The Black Death In' the middleof the fourteenth: century bubonic plague swept the Old World. England lost half of its inhabitants; so likewise d1d ]Italy. The entire continent of Europe suffered a loss of about. one-fourth of its population.. At Naples' 3001000' died in five months. A little more than three centuries later the British Isles were again invaded by the disease, and In what was called the Great Plague 70,000` of London's 460;000 people. perished. Not until 1894 was the cause of thea malady ascertained, when a Japanese bacteriologist discovered its germ. It is properly a disease of rats,. and . is- communicated to'• manby the bite of an infected rat flea. Plague is even now present at some of our seaports, but. thanks to exact knowledge regard- ing' it, the health authorities are able to prevent it from spreading: This. is accomplishedchiefly by isolating sufferers and killing off the rats. AsIatic cholera in former days. spread destructive epidemics from time to time in the ;United States. It is liable to arrive on : any ,ship, but>noiw a careful watch is kept to prevent any; "case" from landing, and, if it were to enter, isolation of the sufferers would render its spread impossible. Smallpox we have always with us, but epidemics of it are quickly, checked by compulsory vaccina- tion and isolation of the sick. In former times itwas regarded much as a we look' upon measles, as un- pleasant but hardly escapable. It was fairly sure to gee you. sooner or later. Millionsdied of .1t annually, the world over, and 60 percent of thepeople one niet were marked with its scars. We used to have isastrous epidemics of yellow fever now and again in this country.' The dis- ease, probably of Oriental origin, was unknown in America -before Columbus landed, In 17.93 it de- stroyed 25 per cent of, the .popula- tion of Philadelphia. The Prin- cipal sources of its distribution were. Havana, Vera Cruz, San'Juart de Porto Rioo, 'Colon and Panama: Now we know that a mosquito is Its . sole carrier; its "nests" have been cleaned up, and the health watch makes an invasion impose sable, Dreadfulness Of The "Flu" The only epidemic malady with which we. have not yet learned how: to deal effectively is "flu." About once in a generationit sweeps around the world in a malignant form, destroying multitudes. When that happens, it becomes the most terrifying of affiic`tions, because of the great numbers it attacks in a short time. No other disease claims so many victims: in so brief a period.: The epidemic of 1918-19 killed half a million people tri the United States. In all countries, it caused upwards of 10,000,000, deaths in six months. The supposi- tion is that it is communicated by the breath.' hygiene' and sanita- tion have no influence in controll- ing it; and it is most fatal to young and robust persons. of The rapidity of the- growth populations in these days, is largely ' due to the stamping out of the great epidemic diseases which for - steely served as a check. In .view of the small 'size of the wort ( this multiplication of human be ngs is already g regarded ogarded with elartn,, an obvlous fact 'being .tha'tt efore very longa limit must be s . to it by the available food supply. But Nature cares nothing about that. It is ,not that she is cruel.< She simply does not care. She goes on creating life' profusely and de- stroying; it recklessly. The fate of the human race is, nothing to her. dYG )OE�L24" LE/707rfheS1164Clm ,OLY-1 Cr MINIM ee'e Pe ',,e4".P.5' .eCieeleC.� "d .iY,EJ/iP ent7 sAiJp.SfJJ-'L /Y.cz P 40 ge2, one - ,�A * .'C -/3l") ete0Cerfere2/>1 .o✓s7Jr cease Carrying Mosquitoes Wholly Re- 0sponsible for the Unhealthfulness of g Marshes -•'- Dusting Swamps With Paris Green Proves Successful. By ARTHUR l3UDD oe HE menace of the swampl When Dr, Gorges 'undertook ,to There lurk disease and death. "clean up" the Canal Zone, a job Lentil recently nobody knew which he performed, with such, 7,1 why. Less than forty years wonderful success, his problem was cothe mischief was attributed to simply to abolish the swamps and Se,ysterious "miasma" tbatl,rose stagnant waters which bred mos- -alight from marshes and stag- quitoes, In that case the yellow ?ae;L waters, a poisonous gas that fever 'skeet was chiefly copcernod. dangerous to breathe. • He:nce Today the Canal Zone is ono of fret, commonly held, g: that tight the most healthful places of tcr- 6"Seets unhealthful. ritory in the world. r'r. ow we know that suchplaces ni ster :Of t alaria Selected ea their tnh elthfulness solely to What strikes us particularlyis o quitces bred them, which fl, the newness of the knowledge that "ad and bite people, hie onts os- zXe, t has made such ac 1 veM P dastro these mdSQuitoes i t le Lalaria is no ion air a Y sib � t`wriy Ter, eta e,.,the govarn_mster� es was ganeral n ago, t U Breae of i ntoanology has'certain kind of mosquito and.,. a C a U title' been making experiments recognized as the solo cause �yi 5 being lah s l rt f Tallulah, Pfo od o I ted e e • nei tlborho , i f.,it determ r 111 carrier af, g and tt s' to dust swam iscoura e its usin airplane P are being made �ta d g b fi b, lakes � f a shallow -mina e swum. ,t have d ang ,Ss d Y�raedln � Pbreeding. an insecticide, swamps and stagnant waters is an It rfta 'skeetthat le ed it is absolutely is � e malaria available remedy, s to ehlef eneniy. It is a 5peclos effective, but in many regions it is Wee Dille et night, and 'that not pra.eticable. �r°e iii, a y g x "e eriments have t citgot its bad. rep The dusting' xp Y h Y "night , cessfu a sin le a ' . ,cued very suc f 1 g on the fact.being cheery d. pr , elite Who kept ke t their windows airplane being able. to distrib u te at night eutiorel there front Paris greenover swamp are,asr and fever" than those who ewv;ampy lakes at a rate of several s 6 shut, Also. of course, hundred acres Per. hour. Only a stuff ho 'w e�retlrr��: OUidbaril at • very email quantity of the i:t trlore li bge fie be "bitten. needed to kill the inedgttitb rig& eeeeee etseeeetee //i l✓.c7.s 77,6>97'-0/P//y Ce✓srrr g]ers, and so it is mixed with ten tittles its volume ' of fine -ground earths, rth,. the compound being a - old :in a metal topper built Into ' h s the: rear cockpit of, the plane, and the r in released through an opening the' fuselage, bottom of As a prolitninary to.the experi- ments,t was necessary to find out i just how much of the poison could n ted oel to kill, a mosquito be co r This Was definitely as- wriggler'. certained by placing. a number of ri lege itt . open dishes of the w gg. water andcontributtng to ea,oiY dish:l a• certain nurttber r granules of aris green. g first airplane + lit the r 1 >,ollowin� t s, : merle over 5, level field, tests Were l'lo mosquitoes Wore here con, erned, the:.. idea in:`v Ate" being merely to e the number of poison dett�rnlin that settled per square grannies t of oto the t o11 d. Glass hiatea•° toot g i in lilies on the ground, were la d ICh the lane new at a over wli ti height of fifteen to thirty feet, and ./lro�.G e e: IoC/.7' CZe9e. e subsequent count of the granules s q g. a a them showed ' that fallen upon 1 p trip •300 to :900feetwide had 1 ved:a.tre m nte- ei • et e effective for the killing of mosquitoes. This, be it understood, as a result of dhe fly- ing 'trip, 'Vegetation Protects linrkeetse S . . It is found that ten granules per square inch will kill all the wrigglers in :water whereare there i5 not much .plant groVeth. Where e - they are protected by aquatic ve g tation and . debris, more of the poison is. required. Around the 'margins of swampy lakes there are. Afton dente Woods, cad. these otter an additional problem, Mere ' lee. portant for the reason that such ,rrrarginai shallows, dbtonnonly 1hielr with 'Water Plantar ate»rt'alifir Pro- d tees o ro-dutees'of Inalaria m6'stoitot Practical tests, hdWever, showed that the o oi.,n • duet cd � uid be • p forced t;btnngh the crenate of the trees even in thick woods, though , - un'a,votdabTy a good deal of it was lost, adhering to the leaves. In Forty• years ago the city of Wa sh - such ccses' the' planes 'tad to be tngton• as badlYa afflicted, iow flown high, but the dust, when the national' capital is practically plentifully' supplied, reached the free from malaria, thanks.,:" to water beneath in sufficient quantl- reclamation of tlao mosquito -breed- ties to destroy the wrigglers, Ing Potomac hats, which,have been In the malaria -cursed regions of transformed into a, beautiful park. the Gulf,St;at^s the ,principal breed- 13y like Means Staten Island, Whose Ing areas• of the maleria no q a to ro.quito s' were saour >has been cleaned up, and no longer do the insects, flying thoraco to`nearby %'Cow York,lt, ;bring malari a the metropolis. The that malaria- owes its tS` a f ac t distribution solely to a certain kind of mosquito was first definitely proved by experiments in the . Campagna, near Remo, tw .e ntY-slx years ago. to that mltrshy•district Malaria has always bicep frl'ght i fullY prevalent, Eut tWo, ttlglish : physi, art i a1 ttrie ' er re i'd{i ce i t ri s EYi ix n � p ail ,,the worst Part of It, in, a hut i0G7/SC'/Y G.G/'/YIaS' CJf-"/'O 42c e//T'la - /.o.Ya7Gif r^i v Y/Y.E.o �n.Pal dJ lows, porcelain pans a *foot in diameter, each containing water and a dozen healthy wrigglers. After one dusting of . 'the lake borders 'by airplane; 'all or nearly all 01, the wrigglers in the pans were found in every inetanee to have been killed, while very few remained alive !n the shallows any- where. The survivors were 'less`. than one per cent of the total' counted in a given water -space be- fore the treatment. Draining Mlle Mosquitoes Dre,ining of swamps and marshes, by ditching and other means, has within recent years done wonders toman in gluing heafthfuiness y regions forhierly cursed by malaria, tach e i swam � .lak s w are shallowpy, i ' a dense are tFsuaity en,r Ion..d by triarginel growth of trees and brush. The water surface is more orless avergr b n withlily p ad water• ahinquapin, and other aquatic plattta.' In winter the water spreads out ditto' the woods, pie- dueittg etndItlodis highly favorable for mosquito breeding le spring and r s earl , u er. y mtn One rrtethod p a,da teCl fee deters atvariouss points the latitiningresults consisted in l, a:sc!ltt aig i , that was ,built in England, could not succeed in contracting the dis- ease, though they exposed them- selves to it in every possible wa3T, save 'brie, The single precaution thoy took was to stay indoors after dusk, the windows of the hut beteg screened to keep out mosquitoes, As already said; the Malaria 'sheet flies only at night. Preventing Spread. Of infection germs are carried with it, and thereby infection is accomplished: A while' ago, the U. S. Public Health Service, to obtain exact data in regard to the malaria 'skeet's methods, made some inter- esting experiments on volunteers, seventeen in number, who 'offered their services. Several Anopheles • mosquitoes were allowed to bite a bad "case" of malaria, and.a fewdaYS later, when the germs had had,time to develop in the insects, the latter were "sicked on" to the volunteers, The most ,important fact ascer- tained Was that Mae mosquito may inoculate a number of persons with malaria, It appears that the • Anopheles has' an unpleasant habit of sucking a little blood and then flitting away to attack a fresh spot or another individual. Just one nibble will inoculate a victim. The 'streets used in the experiments were keptin separate bottles, each with a number of her own. No. 23, •a particularly 'vicious female,' bit two volunteers in five m flutes, and in twelve days she bit elve of them, Fourteen 01 the se've teen developed malaria. ' Breeding Malaria Mosquitoes ' To get further exact information, resort has been had to the expe- dient of breeding malaria nios- qultoes in the laboratory. A female,' kept in a little wire cage, may be fed "at Intervals on human blood, and allowed to fay her eggs in a Vessel oontatnirtg water, She re- guire5bleed to furnish albumen for her eggs, and unless she gets it sho lnys nonce They are laid on the surface 'of still water. The wrigglers hatched from them may betransferred with an eyedropper to a glees jar of Water, in which their subsequent development can tcel, bowa hc. Proving The Theory 'The ' fact that malaria owes its spread to mosr'itiii:oes was suspected be some investigators for a number 01 years before it AIMS proved, and gib ed in the exparinlont above dc;scE b t t Was only a Ilio Roman. Canrpagt , part of the inquiry undertaken to Drs. Sane' t:lualdnt.e elle problem. D bon and Low, two r:,nztl9;�h P hide eleitns, who occupied the hut near this •sWanipy Montle of the Tiber, afterwards hatched and reared some a Anopheles 'Octets 1tt a la bra- tdr in Rome,Rome,noir freedom, rent malaria,erins beingthereb tai' €C , era s e, r. : ' eared, they �tinducod to peasant siarle with the malady, and, %SYt6 ` thereupon ivtlte shipped 10 t are allowed ai lana, whore they w attack healthy lsersane, The latter 1 quickly,' developededevelopedmalaria In 0. ssvore Pbrm, and ti ns the r nQYf 4•, st:ratleh tree 601111)16te, laiscovery of the cause of malaria pointed the way to means of 'pre- vetitlon and cure, (Today the, physician, called onto treat a case of the disease, is no longer groping in the dark, ho knows exactly What to do. The fleet Thing he dots is to See that no inosquitoos are allowed to gain entetmeo to the, sick retina 'Windows must be properly screenedt, With a wire Intel), fine enough to make it inipossiblo for the insects to crawl through. The object of his porformarlco is not anly to ,safeguard the'suffarer against ad- ditional infection, his blood is full Of realaila germs, and will almost t surely intact any he,tithy Anopheles mosquitoes that meet , bite him. They do not become carriers of, the disease 'until ihdy have an- ttlred the erne by biting n perteen 'whose biodd cantafns tiom. Steal - lowed lowod by the i . eatwith the bldbl of a sufferer, the germs develop in the stomach of the mosquito; and thencematte their way : to her throat and venom lylanclR,' 'w'horl rhea v'elconi is expelled into the veins 'b,r a Sersbn in the act Of biting, to Mints the blood, the ftiu , 01 .;alai 41 d1 .n'au