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The Wingham Advance Times, 1932-07-28, Page 2PAGE TWO The Winzhara Advance -Times i h d Pu.bl $ a at V1i1GNGHAM - ONTARIO Every Thursday Morning by The Advance -Times Publishing Co. THE WINGIIAN1 ADVANCE -TIMES Thursday, July 28th, 1932 Subscription Rate -- One Year $2.00 Six months, $1,00 in advance To U. S. A., $2.50 per year. Foreign rate, $3.00 per year. Advertising rates on application. WOMEN SPONSOR SOR BUY -AT-HOME CAMPAIGN When a Buy -at -Home Campaign is promoted it is the local merchants directly affected who generally spon- sor it. However, it took the people of St. Marys, particularly the shrewd women, to realize that money con- tinually sent out of town eventually makes. empty pocket books and oft - times . loss of jobs and thus affects everybody in the community. With these thoughts in mind and securing the interest of the merch- ants concerned, the Women's Insti- tute, Catholic Women's League, L O.D,E., Home and School Club, Queen Alexandra Institute, McCon- nell Club and the Rotary Club com- bined to place before the public of St. Marys a series of full page ad- vertisements urging the public to "Keep Your Dollars in Your Own Home Town" and thereby create greater prosperity. Prizes are also offered for essays en the subject of "Why All in. the District Should Buy at Horne," and interest is so worked up that the lo - :cal merchants and everybody are benefitting. One paragraph of the advertise- ment which applies in full measure to Wingham, is worthy of repetition. It reads "Out of town stores, ped- lars and agents, are not providing any employment for the town or dis- trict, they are paying no taxes, and are not spending any money in our district. They are offering no chan- nel of service to the purchaser, and the goods received in nearly all cas- es must be accepted regardless of quality and price." We do not advocate that our clubs and other organizations run adver- tisements telling the people the ad- vantages of buying at home, but it would not be astray for these or- ganizations to talk this "Buy at Home" idea over at their 'meetings, a great deal of good locally would be the result. * * * THE EMPIRE ECONOMIC CONFERENCE As the Empire Economic Confer- ence will not likely be through with their deliberations until the end of August, it is much too early a date to state just what arrangements will he made that will benefit Canada or any other part of the Empire. It is notable, however, that a spir- it of sincerity permeates the atmos- phere at Ottawa, and the repreeen- tatives from the various parts of the Empire feel and know that great things are expected of them. Very little time was spent at the Conference before the business at hand was started. Five committees will handle the various phases of the work, and, no doubt, it will take these committees a considerable time before any definite statement can be issued to the public. Premier Bennett has already 'of- ferred wider preferences within the Empire, and the sincere manner shown by the heads of all delega- tions truly gives, the Empire as a whole, confidence that this great l invain. Conference will not be held tie That the delegations from the Un- ited Kingdom have confidence in the success of the conference was assur- ed by the statement of the Rt. Hon. Sanley Baldwin, which we now quote "There is not one country represent- ed here that is not suffering from depression and disappointment—not one that does not look to Ottawa to give fresh stimulus and fresh hope. I most confidently believe we shall end the conference with definite ar- rangeznents made for our united ad- vantage." The prayers of all the people of the Empire are for the success of the Conference; the sincerity of the delegates is undoubted; as to the re- sult, we quote Rt. Hon. Stanley M. Bruce (Australia) "Failure is un- thinkable." * * * * Chautauqua programs are past and gone for this year, but the memory of this pleasing entertainment will long be with: us. * * * * The Sault is having a Wolf Week, but no doubt the Stratford Celebra- tion will be noted for its hot dogs. * * * * The Band Tattoo is being held on August 12th. Keep this date in mind—Follow the Bands. * * * * Canadian representatives to the Olympic Games at Los Angeles, are on their way, and in true Canadian fashion will give a good account of themselves. * * * A man in Pontiac, Mich., was mar- ried in prison after being sentenced for life. One more ball and chain meant nothing to him. * * * * "Tempest Fugit" — one half the school summer holidays are over. * * * * Statistics point out that 82 cents today is as good as a dollar in 1929. That is if you have the 82 cents. * * * * The world still has its optimists. A man in Toronto borrowed five dollars with which to get married, but it is hard to say who was the more optimistic, the man who bor- rowed the five, or the man who lent it. * * * * One of the new incorporations of last week was the Coffin Mining Company. Whether they expect to find buried treasure or bury treasure remains to be seen. 4: * A baby born on a Chicago street car is to be called Caroline. THE WHEAT MAR- KET AND RUSSIAN COMPETITION David Davies Vaughan Canadian Chautauquas On 'Wednesday- evening of last week we were privileged to listen to David Davies Vaughan, at the Chau- tauqua tent. Many others were lis- tening in on the local radio station. Naturally during an hour's 'address, he only touched on high lights of For rviC€ and t.N.Etlartteed Areepo Carton of Shr Lamp* In Me House Wingham Utilities Commission Crawford Block.. 1.004 /44- e.44.14401 M iLI4*1 our social and •economicconditions, kind among the subjects he spoke on Was "Time Wheat Market and Rus - slat'. Competition", and,' of course,: could Drily briefly talk on this sub- ject. Mr. Vaughan has a complete lec- ture an this very subject, and we have procured it, and are publishing it, as we feel it will be of great in- terest to our readers, which is as follows: The farmer is a part of the world in which he lives, and his economic . welfare is affected by general trade conditions. Unemployment and bank failures may seem to be far removed from his basis of livelihood, but a general depression injures the farm- er as it does everyone else, Indust- rial depression, declining prices„ in- creasing trade barriers, political un- rest and uncertain financial and cre- dit conditions in sereval different countries all contribute to a curtail- ment of international credit. This lessens the purchasing power of for- eign consumers and their ability to buy farm products. Cotton prices recently dropped to the lowest level in 75 years. Wool prices in the LT.S. reached the low- est record in that country, as did al- so silk prices. prices is to increase the acreage, when :the general farm welfare de- mands reduction. The gain to bins is immediate .and sure. Seeking the general good of the farm; group is remote. Hence he follows the urge is of immediate selfish gain and adds to the general suffering of his group. When a large surplus accumulates and is continuous, it has a serious effect upon,the market. Even though in storage and withdrawn from the immediate available supply, its mere existence affects prices. Farm boards and artificial attempts to regulate, cannot overcome the fact of the po- tential 'competition of existing stocks. It is well to take a long look ahead at the wheat market. Of course there will be the usual fluctuations due to crop failures and other fac- tors but the one single disturbing factor that occupies the mind of most farmers is Russia. How will unified, scientific wheat production in Russia affect the world market, when it is fairly under way? Abusing Russia, laughing at Rus- sia, using religious and patriotic pre- judices to discount Russia, helps no one and only delays facing facts that had better be faced before they are upon us. A careful, unbiased study of Rus- sia has been given to us by Sher- wood Eddy. He calls attention to the fact that Russia is the largest country in the world, i.e., it has the largest continuous domain under one political jurisdiction. It extends ac- ross two continents, covering nearly one half of Europe and more than a third of Asia. This area is great- er than Canada, the United States and Mexico put together. Its area is four times that of the balance of Europe. It -is nearly one-sixth the habitable land area of the entire globe. The population is 160,000,000 and increasing over 3,600,000 a year. 82 per cent. are peasants. Russia has remarkable resources, only the varied, abundant resources of the United States can compare with them. She is potentially rich in hy- dro -electric power and in oil, coal, iron and other minerals necessary to industrial expansion and national self-suffiicency. The unexpected success of the Five Year Plan has called the atten- tion of the world to the -upward movement in production. The devotion to science and to the machine in Russia amounts almost to religious fanaticism. All efforts are directed toward the modern indust- rialization of life and sacrificies are expected on the basis of a war psy- chology. Expert leadership has been sought and secured from all parts of the world. The central staff is compos- ed of 500 experts with a governing board of sixteen. Col. Hugh Coop- er, the American hydro -electric pow- er plant construction engineer and builder of the Muscle Shoals project, is directing the construction of the $101,000,000 dawn on the River Dniep- er. There are 100 experts from Am- erica and more from Germany. The Russian peasant has been a poor farmer. He was illiterate, slow and inefficient. He cultivated nar- row strips of land with a plow that was little better than an iron -cover- ed stick, he harvested with a sickle and threshed with a flail. But now a genuine agrarian revolution is un- der way. State farms and collectives are working a transformation. A year ago there were 3,200" state farms in Russia, comprising 12,000,- 000 acres. The Giant farxn has half a million acres. For hours one may drive in an automobile through the vast area of waving grain that stretches away to the horizon with- out 'houses or trees to break the landscape. The object of the state farms is to furnish examples of mod- ern farming to backward peasants, and to provide grain for export. On these state farms are 10,000 tractors and 2,000 combines. It was hoped that these farms would supply the government with the grain formerly produced by the displaced rich peas- ants. They supply twice that am- ount now. Individual peasant holdings have been grouped into collectives where advantages are gained by improved livestock and machinery, and by scientific oversight. Some of the large modern farms have their own cheese factories, flour mills, found- ries, .saw mills and dining rooms. Social. life is found in the central club house with radio, motion pic- tures, theatrical and educational, and recreational features. • What of the future world market with an intelligent, effective peas- antry with scientific methods, mod- ern farm machinery and management by experts under unified government 'control? This question has been treated well by Dr, Duncan Alexander Me- Gibbon, formerly on the faculty of the University of Alberta, and now on the grain commission of Canada, He suggested that two things will offset any immediate threat of coin, A very keen analysis of the wheat situation has been made by Morde- cal Ezekial, assistant Chief Econom- ist of the United States Federal Farm Board. He calls attention to the fact that as prices declined in foreign countries an effort was made to protect the market through high- er tariff barriers. During 1931, Italy increased her tariff on wheat from 87 cents to $1.07 a bushel. Germany continued to impose a duty of $1.62 on wheat, France, 86 cents to $1.70, Spain 74 cents, and so on. Because of these tariffs wheat sold on May 1st in Germany at $1.82, in France at $1.80 and Italy at $1.70. Milling quotas are used to protect foreign farmers. 'Germany requires millers to use 97 per cent, domestic wheat and France, 60 per cent. This quota system applied to mill- ing has been applied to imports de- finitely limiting the quantity of each product imported. Further political restrictions on international trade develop through international cartels dividing up trade territories between them., In many countries today, par- ticularly in central and eastern Eur- ope, foreign exchange transactions are under direct control. Purchase, sale, export and import are under government license or government monopoly. Export or production bounties are also used. An extreme case is found in Russia. The World War forced a develop- ment of economic nationalism. The memory of war privations led to the determination to achieve economic self-sufficiency. During the war, the production of wheat in Europe fell sharply, while it expanded rapidly elsewhere. When the warring nations resumed normal production after • the war, the wheat market was seriously over -supplied. High war prices, new machinery and the urge of patriotism had stimulat- edrhe addition of new acreage, new methods and new energy to secure the maximum of efficiency. There has been accumulating a steadily increasing surplus in the world supply of grain. Urban popu- lations do not use as much wheat as groups requiring cheap energy -pro- ducing foods, and urban populations have increased at the expense of rur- al districts. The general adoption of the tractor has reduced the use of horses and mules 25 per cent. or more. Millions of acres used for feeding work animals have been turned over to the, production of food for human beings. Improved agricultural methods have given lar- ger crops and new inventions have added a surplus through efficient machinery, notably the combine har- vester. This has lowered costs and has brought into crop production much new territory that previously was used for range and other less productive uses. One might expect that lower pric- es would cause the immediate with- drawal from production of large ar- eas of whet:t land. This 'is not done easily. While many farmers in the older producing territories use new methods and are thus, under compe- tition, forced to eliminate their mar- gin of profits, they are still obliged to continue because their entire cap- ital is tied up in farms, and they have no training for anything but fanning. ' Hence they struggle on, reducing their standards of living, impoverishing the soil and living' on their capital, while their buildings decay and the livestock dwindles away. Long continued financial pressure 'finally forces out of the market these farmers in older sec- tions of the country. • .Farming is the most individualist- ic of all industries, Each farmer de- aides himself his acreage and his type of crop, A low cost producer may decide that his way, ottt of low petition from Russia — Russia's rap- id increase in population and her rise ing standard of living. Russia's population is increasing three and one half millions a year. That means over fifty millions be- fore the increase becomes. product. ive. These children will be consum- ers and not producers, That means increasing home consumption of wheat. The standard of living has already' changed under the second Five -Year Plan. The first plan put the polio.- lation .on war rations and people be- came restless. Everything was sacri- ficed to buy consumers' goods. Sin- ce other nations refused credit to Russia, ,food was sold that the peo- ple needed, Now they are to have more food. In the first quarter of 1931, Great Britain bought more wheat from Rusia than from any other nation. Canada came second. Russia now, however, for many years is likely to need wheat at home. But when Russia does become a serious factor in the world wheat market Canadian wheat will fare bet- ter than wheat from other nations. Forty-seven countries today import Canadian wheat. Because of its su- perior quality Canadian northern spring wheat is mixed with other wheat in • flour making to give strength to the bread. When tariff walls are erected to keep out wheat only those types pos- sessing superior merit will rise above the handicap. Those nations using large scale production methods and possessing good marketing facilities will best meet new conditions—cheapness in cost of production and in cost of marketing- together with high qual- ity will determine survival. Canada„ therefore, has less cause for fear of Russian competition than other na- tions have. News and Information For the Busy Farmer Published by direction of Hon. Robt. Weir, Minister of Agri- culture, Ottawa, 1931 Britain Wants Good Seed In a statement issued recently by George H. Clark, Dominion Seed rnissioner, in connection with the sale of red clover and alsike seed in the British market, the following comment appears: "Our growers should know that our valuable ex- port market overseas pays top prices for only well cleaned, bloomed, bright seed of not less than 98 per cent. purity by weight, and should know also that if they will produce seed of the quality asked for in Gt. Britain the demand there for Can- adian grown seed may be expected to continue." Renew Remount Prizes Special prizes for N.C.O.'s and men of Canadian cavalry regiments are renewed again this year, accord- ing to a statement authorized by the Hon. Robt. Weir, Federal Minister of Agriculture. Three prizes are av- ailable to each camp as follows; lst, $15 and ribbon; '2nd, $10 and ribbon; and 3rd, ribbon. During 1931 four- teen camps benefited through this competition, which is designed to stimluate the breeding of horses of a type suitable for army remount use, ppansimuismingisiamplummiummins ■ ji�tl n_ � a Cr e1� d -11 Buyers ■ A • ■ f ■ II Cream, Eggs ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ •Andatr1• • ■1 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ THE UNITED FARMERS' CO-OPERATIVE 1 • COMPANY, LIMITED. ■ N. Wingham, - - Ontario. Phone 271 ■ ■ ■ ■ ma■■m■ ii■■ei■nnemea■■■■■■u■■■■ii mere, B.C., presents a bit of homely logic in connection with the raising of hogs in a report recently issued, in which he says, "Expensive build- ings are not necessary for the suc- cessful rearing of pigs. The main points to bear in mind are that the animals should be protected from the storms in winter and the sun in the summer time. The bedding quar- ters should be dry at all times, and well bedded with straw in winter. At the station a straw shed has giv- en good results, and is preferred by the pigs to the up-to-date piggery. Single -ply cabins if well bedded are quite satisfactory." Trade in Farm Products A statement just issued by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics esti- mates the total of Canada's trade in farm products for the fiscal year. of 1931-32 at $308,480,201; of this am- ount $224,728,269 represents farm products exported while $90,'751,932 represents farm products imported. Junior Club Work Grows A. E. McLaurin, Secretary of the Canadian Council on Boys' and Girls' Club Work, announces that a review of preliminary reports from all provinces indicates that the total enrolment in Boys' and Girls' Club Work this year is slightly ahead of 1931when there were 1,257 clubs op- erating. With conditions what they are, he observes, the fact that club organization has been well maintain- ed indicates that the constructive value of junior agricultural club work is reciving recognition. Short Crop of Seed Clovers A survey of conditions in Ontario made recently by G. S. Peart, Chief of the Markets Division, Dominion Seed Branch, shows that crop pros- pects for both red clover and alsike this year are poor. Insufficient snow covering is the reason given for the fact that red clover did not winter well, whilea decrease in ac- reage of around 40 per cent. in al- sike for seed is reported. For those who have good stands of alsike and red clover this year market prospects are good in respect to both domestic and export. demand. Study Sheep Ranching Costs L. E. Kindt of the Agricultural Economics, Branch, Dominion De- partment of Agriculture, has left for Western Canada to resume the col- lection of information for the com- pletion of the economic study of the range sheep industry in Southern Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. This study is conducted jointly by the Experimental Farms Branch and the Agricultural Ecom onics Branch,' Mr. Kindt will confer with L. B. Thomson of the range Experimental Ranch at Manyberries, Alta., and with W. H. Fairfield of the Experimental Farms at Leth- bridge, as well as representatives of the Sheep Breeders', Association in Saskatchewan and Alberta, before commencing his visits tothe ranch- ers. Pointe ort Raising Hogs The Superintendent of the Domin- ion Experittie*tal Station at Wbnder- Processed Cheese Production The annual "processed" cheese manfactured in Canada last year am- ounted to 12,048,012 pounds, of which 1,148,316 pounds were export- ed. There are 8 firms now produc- ing this type of cheese; of these 6 are in Ontario, 1 in Quebec, and 1 in Alberta. "Processed" cheese is made from ordinary Cheddar. -Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa. Appointed to Summerland Dr. E. S. Archibald, Director of Experimental Farms announces the confirmation of the appointment of R. C. Palmer, B.S.A., M.S.A., to the position of Superintendent at the Dominion Experimental Station, at Summerland, B.C. Mr. Palmer will proceed to British Columbia shortly to assume the duties of his new post. During the past year he has been specializing in horticultural research work at East Mailing, England, along lines of special application to conditions in British Columbia. White Pine Safety Zone For the control of White Pine Blister Rust, one of the most serious menaces to our fast vanishing stands of white pine, Dr. H. T. Gussow, Dominion Botanist, urges the rigid application of a safety zone of 900 feet on all sides of such stands in which no black or red currant or gooseberry bushes should be allowed to grow. These bushes are in -in- termediary host plants of rust spor- es. With their complete eradication over a sufficiently wide area rust spores when formed on the host plants cannot be wind-borne back to stands of white pine. Watch Weed in Alsike A statement just issued by the Dominion Seed Branch calls atten- tion to the importance of watching weeds in the stands of alsike clover intended for seed purposes. In par- ticular, Bladder Campion and Catch Fly should be rogues from the crop, as seeds from these weeds are very difficult to separate from alsike. Black Medick is another common en- emy and one which is possible to rogue out of the crop. It is pointed out that in recent years the market for Canadian alsike seed has decidedly fallen off. While this is in large measure due to the tariff barrier applied by the United States, an equally important reason is that much of our alsike seed has come to be inferior in quality owing to infestation with weed .seeds. Only seed of high purity and generally fine quality may be expected to com- mand a ready market. Boy: "I wonder what makes lambs hop like that, sis?" Girl: "It's their wool ticklin' 'ern, I 'specs." LE codd &we �eeitavoz?Jeci 45,000 Avoidable Auto- mobile Accidents last year. .00,11.11 the S0 lverto n Safety League Ride on Safety -Tested Silvertottrns. 4.014 Every days human bodies, like this car, are being twisted and mangled needlessly on our highways. Help to stob this condition by signing and ob- serving the Silvertown Safety League Pledge. You may sign at our store. We will install a membership em. blest on your camp. It costs you nothing. CECIL MERKLEY • • Wingham, Ontario Phone