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The Seaforth News, 1923-05-17, Page 6F_ tea comrnunlcatione to ABrenamtat. 73 Adelaide, St. West, Torants LMARKET NOW, PN STATE OF' RADICAL CHANGE. Xn the new aoneueions' ot,` the Can. dish market there is no place' for ho 'buck lafnb, Seventy per cert. of the male lambs hat como to the Toronto market are, ucks. This in the past has had the'. act of discouragingthe gating of, lamb by home consumers.' Faiiners' alone, curt remedy this. They can do So by the simple process of castrating and docking anile lambs. If they fail here is not the slightest doubt that there will be a glut of'bucie lambs in the fall of 1923 with ee serious break l prices. The oausez that have brought about e radically hanged conditions are soot hard to follow, It will pay pro- ducers to understand them. After the first of. August allbitch lambs develop an odor and a strong taste. When consumers get this meat served up the appetite for lamb is lost and consumption generally is greatly discouraged. This fact seri- ously influences the °average price paid to farmers for live lambs. During the past few years a new situation has arisen which will un- doubtedly further affect the buck lamb. Many farmers, especially in Western'Canada, have taken to feed- ing'lambs for the winter market. The elaughtering of lambs at inspected packing plants in the first three months' of this year were .28,150 as against 13,000 in the first quarter of 1$22. The result is that fall lambs, which used to be stored to supply a winter retail trade, are - no. Ismer needed so 'largely. Buyers state they. Must -henceforth refuse to take the risk.,oe buying large numbers of lambs And' .putting them into atm -age as they cannot compete with lambs that have been geain fattened coming' on the market Meths fresh 'state during the winter. The great bulk of Ontario lambs are fit and come to market during September, October and Novelttber. Except for those that are unfinished that is as it should be; most Ontario lambs would be too heavy if held longer and fed. For Qwg' lambs and, the fetv.email ..lambs that offer a very, eoneiderable export trade has been blip"iik'and there is a growing de - Meal for''%1 is' 'prime stuff in the; United 'States. Canadian lambs of this quality hold their own in the Am -1 eriean market, and often, indeed sent at a premium. But the surplus has; largely been cold stored and used in' the 'domestic' .market for the winter trade. This prevented the farmer's price from being smashed to pieces every fall during they big run, and aupplied the retail trade when lamb was scarce.' To -clay with the advent of the Canadian grain -finished winter lamb, the demand for this stored pro- duct has fallen -:off: Buying firms will no longer be able to take the risk of putting these lambs into storage. Furthermore, in the interests of in- creased consumption .at home, it is better all round business to supply the consuming market with fresh lamb from ewes :and wethers of good qual- ity and appetizing taste. Farmers and buyers alike are fac- ing a serious problem in working out what is to be done with the great rush of lambs in the fall: It may be faced with confidence if all lambs are dock- ed, properly finished ock-ed,:properly,finished and marketed at the right weights, and if the male lambs are castrated. There appears to be no reason why the export trade in Ontario lambs should not be fur- ther extended so as to take care of all the fall surplus. But it certainly cannot be done with buck lambs. The indications are that very much larger numbers of . winter fed lambs will be on the market next year. Packers can no longer afford -to take Meeks at the. same price as ewe, and wether lambs and unless other outlets are found, bucks will be heavily dis- counted in price in the fall. of 1923. This is the timely season for farm- ers to take action. Proper treatment now will avoid serious loss next fall. After this plain intimation from those who know the meat trade, farmers alone will be to blame if they lose heavily by their own neglect. POULTRY produced will -be particularly notice- Spring and summer are the hardest seasons in which to produce . quality eggs, and a producer of such should have very little trouble in getting a few cents more per dozen. .A. .few cents -more, -when eggs are cheap and plentiful, mattes the grand total am- ount toa real significant figure;. and remember these .few cents are all profit, because it costs no mora to pro- duce a good, egg thanit does a poor one. The great trouble with eggs during the warmer months is the fact that the 'eggs"start to incubate, and then the embryo dies, spoiling. the egg. An egg; actually,starta to incubate before it leavesthe hen's body andinstances are on record of fresh -laid eggs being unfit for, human consumption. ,One Instance. in 'particular .is well worth relating: EGGS INCUBATED IN HEN'S BODY. A friend of an exhibitor at a poul- try show remarked that he hadn't had a real fresh egg all winter, so they went out to an exhibition pert and secured an egg that they actually saw laid, The friend was elated over his fresh egg and took it home, but much to his disgust the egg contained a chick embryo. The supposition in this case was that the hen was about to lay the egg when she was cooped up and •sett to the show. The moving frightened her to such an extent that she held the egg and did not drop it until settled in the showroom. The egg within the Body of the hen might just as wel have been in an incubator: Ordinarily, however, the fresh egg, has been "Vvithin the body not more than twenty hours and the embryotic development has not been sufficient to injure the .qualityof the egg, If all eggs could be consumed within a few days•efter they are laid, quality Would not be a factor, but usually, they are held around the farm for a week, then around the store for a week, and finally the consumer holds some for another week before he fin- ally uses them. What has happened to the egg during these three weeks? In the spring and summer the =tem- perature is usuallywell. above 65 deg. X+'. : Fertile eggs above that temper- ature ature will incubate, and that,;iz just what spoils the egg. THREE RULES TO OBSERVEa.: ' If one wants to produce eggs of quality there are just three rules to follow: 1. Kill off all the roosters as hook as hatching seasoneis over, there- by :producing only infertile eggs. 2. oiled all eggs twicea day—once be - ore dinner, as most of the eggs are laid in the morning, and once again in the late afternoon. 3. Keep the eggs en a cool cellar or cave where the tem- perature is under 65 deg. F, Be sure ,.he place is not musty, however, be- , hearth an egg Will take up odors as quickly as milk, If one follows the above three .sug- etions be will produce'cggs that will e a credit tohim and will at't'hd•.same Inc. give satisfaction to the consumer. }'he cdditiond profit from eggs; thus ISSUE No. 20—'23. able to the man who retails his own eggs,because good ones are harder to get in summer than any other time. • Test ofC C r ss- re a � d Lambs for Meat and Fleece. A valuablebreed test 'in raising lambs has been conducted for sev- eral years at: the Brandon, Man., Do- minion_ Experimental Farm. High grade ewes, the get of Oxford Down pure bred rams, were divided equally into three lots in respect to age and quality, and were bred' to Oxford Down, Suffolk and Shropshire rams respectively. The lambs sired by each ram were weighed in the fall and records kept of their weight. In his annual report the Superintendent of the Farm notes that the Suffolk gave uniformly the heaviest lambs in the fall, and that these lambs were well developed, meaty -fellows which sold readily, On the other hand, there were fewer of them than by the other rams, so that their high average weight was partly due to the fact that, there being fewer twins, the lambs were better nourished, Theget of the Shropshires were distinctly smaller than those from the other two sires. The lambs sired by the Oxford Dawns were on the average as grow - thy as those sired by the Suffolk, or more so,but were Iess matured at the :time of weighing up and required more feeding to make market lambs of them. During the last year of the, experi- ment, weights were kept of the yield of fleece from the different grades. Eight Shropshire grade lambs yielded an average of .6.93 lbs.; 6 Oxford grade lambs yielded 6.50 lbs.; and 7 Suffolk grade lambs, 5.56 lbs. It will be noted, remarks the Superintendent, that the Suffolk cross, which were the heaviest lambs in the fall, yielded a pound, and a pound and a half, less fleece than the Oxford. Down and Shropshixe respectively. The Super- intendent further points out that in such tests as this the individuality of the rams used enters into the results, and that it is not safe to lay to the credit or demerit of a breed what may. be due to the one individual only. The. results are givenwith this reserva- tion: .However, an -efi'ort was made to have the rams as nearly equal as poesible, The Grading of Eggs, Farmer,' Welland:—Do eggs for home Consumption have to be graded or only for export? What ere the Dominion regulations regarding eggs? No, only eggs intended for export or for shipment frons out of the prov- inces. The regulations read (1) Can - adieu eggs for export out of Canada, and eggs for domestic consumption intended for shipment from one; Key - ince to another, as covered by these regulations, but not eggs intended for incubation, shall be classified, candled, and graded. (2) You can obtain a copy of the `regulations in full by ad- dressing the Pablicetions Branch of the Department of Agi ieulture,, 07.. tawa. Black and White Costume. A striping costume that indicates a tendeney of the coming summer's fas- hions. Ie is in blackcrepe, embroidered In white, with tight fitting sleeves,. To Control Apple Scab. . To thoroughly control apple scab, it is regarded the M. B. Davis, Chief Assistant to .the Dominion Iiorticul- turist, as necessary to make at least five sprayings. In a favorable season fewer applications may answer, but one never knows in spring what the season will be like.. In Bulletin ,No. 18'of the Department of Agriculture at' Ottawa, entitled "Modern -Orchard Practice," it is said to be necessary to keep the foliage of the trees covered with spray material from the early part of the season until late in sum- mer. Lime -sulphur wash and Bor- deaux mixture are both good fungi- cides and will control apple scab if properly used.- _ The importance of the early sprays as an insurance against loss of crop, it is claimed, has been neglected and overlooked too much in the past. Not only does the apple scab cause a loss to the g'r'ower by impairing the value of the fruit it infests, but it actually destroys a large percentage of his crop before he realizes that it has set. It is the early sprays that save the crop. Some growers delay spraying until after the fruit is supposedto have set, for they claim it is no use to spray if one has no crop to spray for. These men are, in most cases, still waiting for that crop to set. The wise man, however, sprays from the early spring, to make his crop set, and he is now busy preparing for another season. Apple scab is a disease that spreads by spores so minute that they cannot be discerned with the naked eye. These spores are produced, by the scabs or spots which are seen on the fruit and which may : grow on the leaves as well. Being so prevalent on the leaves; they aro thus carried over from one year tothe next on the old, •dead leaves that remain in the orcise are. These 'dead leaves form the sq rce'of infection in early spring; When the weather becomes' sufficient- ly won'tto start the trees;; the spores are liberated from the old leaves and infest the young leaves, reproducing new spores in a very few. days. By the time the blossoms '.are' ready to burst there may be many' -Billions of these''spores ,rel.dy'to dnfest''them, At this stage the pistil, which will ulti- mately ripen into an apple, is very tender and if attacked by the ravages ora germinating sprees, Which sends out roots to penetrate its skin, will be killed, and the chances of a crop will thus be ruined. This is how the scab ruins many a ceep, and its ravages are. often laid down to imperfect pol- lination or frost. In a large proper - tion of roper-tion'of Cases blaclt spot or scab is the true cause of the loss. It appears that cool, moist weather isthe most favorable for the develop- ment of scab. As it spreads hiltlittle during the late summer, the important sprays are the early ones.' Sy raying is powerless- to cure the disease or repair the damage which has already been done; it can only prevent the development of the germ- inating spores, so that this must be borne in mind when spraying. Fences. If there is anything on the farm conductive of harmony among neigh- bors it is good fences; end, as I have been recently constructing , some fences, I thought I -might have a hint or two to offer in such work, especially in poultry fencing as I have recently constructed one to please' the women. When I was stretching the netting I found considerable difficulty in iilek- ing it sufficiently tight at the bottom to prevent the fowl from crawling under it'.I, was. about to go in search of a supply of stakes, . to which I . would have stapled the wire, when .I thought of some old tubing lying at the end of the machine shed. I got the pipe, drew it through the indi- vidual meshes near the ground, and the result was I had a much neater and a much more effective fence than otherwise would have been effected. While speaking of fencing I might pass on to your readers a method I have in use for keeping a handy open- ing in a single -strand wire fence. Often we have to loosen the wires of a fence from a few roots and weigh them down to make temporary 'open- ing. This can easily be made a per= !eminent gate that the casual observer fwould scarcely notice. Instead of fastening the wire to the 1 P ost in the usual nt n ner, staples are drivels horizontally on each side of the wire. The staplds are set into the post far enough to have an eye through which a nail is inserted to hold the wire to the post. The wires are kept by hooking them over nails driven into the posts near the bot- tom. I have found these things of practical use at home, and I hope they may be of service to others.—N. A. Drummond. Many who go to the cities, go from farm to harm. Figuring that she is, cook, nurse, laundress, seamstress, scrubwoman, and assistant hired man, it is reckon- ed that the average farm woman earns every year $3,796. - But she doesn't always get. it. Walnut Investment It Pays to Plant Walnuts and Wait Fifty Years. No Better Legacy for the Farm Lad—The Government Forestry Branch Will . Assist—Tree-Growing Requires Little Labor -Black Walnut Trees are Memorials.. "Say, Mr. Forester, if a wee boy of my age wore to • plant an acre of black walnut this spring would I live tosee the .'trees, large, enough to be used for the building' of a house to shelter me in my, old age?" "Yes, my boy, you could plant the trees to -day, and in fifty years time the trees would be large enough to. nut into interior finishing lumber for your house." There is some satisfac- tion in planting a tree and watching it grow tomerchantablesize. A WALNUT TREE GROWS FOR MANY YEARS.It is true 'that a walnut tree will keep growing long after it has passed the half -century mark and keeps on making timber until it is one hundred and fifty years old. However, a nice tree can be grown in fifty years on good soil; yes, large enough to make all'the finishing hunber.for the inter- ior of nterior.of a house. Ten acres of land planted under sane -forestry methods with walnut will make, in time, a fine tract of valuable timber, which.when' ready tb harvest, would at present prices be worth $1,000 per acre. I NO BETTER LEG4:OY COULD BE LEST YOU. A roan could leave no better legacy, for hit heirs than a block of good, timber. The long time between seed -1 time and harvest in forestry frightens the average mortal,and deters him from planting forest trees. But peo- ple should not take the long time view seriously. Genoatlone of humane are: yet to be born to live in this country,! and since the present generation has: largely destroyed the original timber, itis only just and fair that we should. provide for the wood and lumber re-! quirements' of the future. On nearly, every farm there is some waste land or the remnant of a wood lot It may be odd, rough spots or sandy 'hills, areas that have not produced profit• able grain or grass crops .and which could well be used for the growing of wood. THE GOVERNMENT FOREST BRANCH WILL HELP. The Forestry Branch of the Lands and Forests Department "are _co- operating with four hundred Ontario farmers in which the Forestry offi- cials try to point'' the way to success in wood lot management. Asa result of such cooperation, many walnut, green ash; an red oak seedlings have been given a start toward iiseful pro- duction. A small seed will grow into a hip tree, Nature does all, the work;. man, simply plants the, seed, or the little seedling tree:: and waits. The young Direst is established by plant- ing a tree every six feet, crowding the trees together to forcethem to grow tall, straight stems, As tyle crowding becomes too great for thrift, alter- natetrees are, taken out. These thin Mtge can be used as fence poles, rails, gate material, small lumber, such as chair and tesle legd, Janep' stands, cur- tain poles, etc. So there` is a source of revenue after' the -trees have been planted twenty years that will take care of the overhead expenses inci- dental to maintenance. VERY'LITTLE LABOR REQUIRED IN." - TREE -BROWING With the farm Tabor situation never satisfactory, and Many farmers try- ing to Crop twice as much land es they can handle properly, forest planting should show the way out, If-the;peo-. pie of Ontario are to use wood in the house -building of the future, if we are to have fuel fox the hearth,` a lot of land owners ,mist` do some forest. planting very soon.—L. •Stevenson,, Secy. Dept. ,of Agriculture; Toronto • Diss`ol've" hu boiling water Use enoukh to get a big lasting suds Big, lasting` socia—one secret of Rinses rune*. ing power to diosolve dirt, r you don't get :lasting •suds, ' you have not used enough Rinso,. Soak an hour or rno.re Ova a.irllt5 iF Moat aoish-. (Colored elothee only ball an hour) After soaking, only the most °seil.edtclothes';need' a light rubbing with dxy Rinso. Your clothes don't need boiling if yon. use Rinso. But ifY You like to boil our white :cottons, use enough Rinse solution to get the suds,;you like. Rinso is made by the largest so,ap',nakers in the world to ' do the.7t amily Nash as easily and safelyas LUX does fine things. LEVER BROTHERS LIMITED TORONTO 8102 Preparing Bacon for Export. How are "Wiltshire sides" prepar- ed? When a hog reaches the packing plant it is at once sorted into either the scalder class, i.e., for the domestic trade, or into the singer class, i.e., for the export trade. The latter name is used because after the hog has been scalded and dehaired by machine in the usual way, it is drawn up through a large singeing cylinder, within which aro numerous high power flame jets. The process not only singes off any remaining heirs but it materially ef- fects the quality of the rind. This is necessary for our export trade because in England it is a widespread custom to leave the rind on bacon until itis actually served on the plate, partly because there is less waste and partly because the practise fa thought to pre- serve the juices and flavor of the bacon better. After the hogsare singedthey are thoroughly cleaned before being ex- amined::minutely by. Dominion Gov- ernment inspectors, skilled men who are in every sense independent of the packing company in whose premises they work. They see to it that. the product passed is perfectly tree of disease and is, quite fit for human food. Only such product may bear the stamp, "Canada Approved". Any carcass or part of a carcass showing signs of being unfit is at once taken away and destroyed so that it cannot be consumed.' The approved carcasses are split down the back into halves. Then they are sent to the cooling room to be chilled, a process that takes from 48 to 72 hours. The half -carcasses are then passed over the :cutting tables; the head and feet and a few bones and, other parts removed and then only does the product technically tape the form of "Wiltshire sides." The sides thus trimmed go to the pickling cellars,to remain there until cured. On being taken out the "Wilt- shire sided" are sorted—of course ir- respective of any particular breed of hog thin : which they inay have been cut -into the three sealri classes of leanest, lean and; prime; and each of these classes is again sub-sorted,''ac- cording' to weight range:," They are then drained for' about 86 hoursand afterafyrther inspection -are packed for •overseas.shipment. The •standard packing ,is 12 to a box, each box hav- ing only the same (lass, whether lean- est, lean or prime, and being limited to 'the "same weight range, Gracie and weight are marked on the outside ot the box so that when:receiyed in Eng- land ley „the pticicer's agent he knows precisely what it Contains: Once.in, England', the '.`Wiltshire csides" ,are sold to jobbers: and bacon. curers: Who pickle, emoke"-and otherwite prepare' them for the retail trade.` • I 'I'htt is p'racticall'y the Wkole story; of the processing: of our Canadian ex- port bacon. Minerals for Cows. , Cows properly fed require very lit- tlein the way of minerals. Practically the only need whore clover or alfalfa hay is being fed in addition to grains and silage, is some COlmnon salt, pos- sibly a little bong meal or wood ashes, and, if necessary to prevent goitre, a little potassium or sodium iodide. Plan Green Feed Now..: Stock and poultry thrive on green feed. It is time now to prepare for the crops which will be needed during the summer season. ` The necessary seeds should be ordered and plans de- veloped for gettingthese crops ',inas soon as the late spring will allow. A bad habit fs: like;a broken stitch, it spreads. 4, etalc" Siding Galvanized, or painted. Stone, Brick, or Clapboard patterns. Inexpensive and Quickly Laid - Sam 1 aid..Senn for Circular "8" The Metallic Reefing Co. .1.0snitod 402 3.1.94 King Se. W., Toronto M • en • . W. s,,110, g aunseezzos=aszczez.ew• taz �sn� English Fox Netting an,olally made•to•orttor, heolly gal- raalaort. Dat up In 150 -foot rolls of Um diff rents Noshes euttaUlo ,for fox pons, when ordolS,,^'spo,l(Y• "Brayco Brand." writs nowfor our srlas Yet., also our tree fax booklet, "rrot'aot Your Foxes, IL" fr•e l so f o nRl - "Tho Lartlost Fox Nettles eealon In Brace, McKay dt Company LIMITED, Summorolde, r, E. Island. SIGs to b i'yr m Kendall's Spavin Treatment: iIl'l{ t that lame' horse back on the jot hg�j,,qy,., Iidg More then -fart -years ,a.kondo`ll'erb avht Cure it hag boon removing. const C pppllilP - rleglione, thoroughpin and, jsO lunge b :', body growths. . Get-lfpfirour drugebes fed. •aflo'ra" - book ATreatise on lbs do rolooe lot Diseases".o wiita ?x,5111 ,-.1 DR. Q, .1. It' I2 EJ D A L 1, ci ee s l Eaeebarg t'atlbi 4'tt UiS.P:I' Kon4airs Spavin T reit a • 4 Ftarrns in 1 You can speed rap; your /and 4 times by fentiiizing. "Results of fertaking are 4 to 1 in favor of fertilizers" writes one farmer. • By fer tilizitlg you save seed, save halo` and greatly increase income. ; ' Order GLP�iY�' � � SH[JI$.-GAIN Fertilizers NOW and make the most money out of your land. Consult our.Agout ertsrito us. 1 c.,ta tvaa.end W torritorlo, 'w horn wo axe sot rept•canuted.. 204 St. Choir Street TORONTO OStON'EO <; THE , CHtL RE '.` 1101.)1(i.4...- TU; THE. YiQLET,,', "Comes, little yield," said the sunshine br?g11t. "Come, do'doi?no," added the,raindrops light. "Come," said the children, "do not fear. Cont, little violet, spring is hero," The violet heard and did as they bade. °`If I , don't come now," it thought, "they'll be sad. So I'll brighten the' lives of everyone." And it opened'its+eyes to theglorious sun; '''Come," said a child wandering near, "Como with me to ,mother dear. She'll put you in.,a pretty bowl Not Cracked or dirty, but all whole. "You'll rest upon a table brown,.' With sides which toed so they'll come down. So, little violet; do not fear,. But come with meto mother dear." The days grew shorte the.nights grew chilly; The frost was on the pasture hilly. The birds: to the south their way did ' wing. Said the little violet, : "I'll come another: spring" —Maxine Anderson. THE BUTTERFLY'S ' WINGS. Butterflies are: often compared to flowers, because of their ' wonderful and beautiful ` coloring, and' because .: they are both summer'products. But there is a still better reason than similarity in color. It may be news to some of you who have not examined these tiny creatures ,that the 'male butterfly has a faint, though distinct Scent. : If you brush your finger over the wing of a common evhit'ebutterfly, you will find it cover- ed with.a line white dust which gives off a delicate perfume oflemonor balsam., As a rule, the duller a but- terfiy's color, the stronger his' scent, perhaps a compensation from nature. Some of the dull-colored,night butter- _ dies or moths have a quite 'strong odor. . Removal of the' dust leaves a no- ticeable bald spot on the wing; and when we come to examine the dust under a microscope eve find it of more substantial composition than we ever could have suspected with the unaided eye. In fact, it is made up of count- less scales—the real coloring of the wings—for without the scales the wing is as transparent as that of a wasp or bluebottle. ' Tho scales aro laid on the wing in much the 'same way as the slates of a roof. But :in spite of the exquisite shape and coloring, they' are so tiny that the (males on thewings of a single' butterfly would outnumber all the slates on the roofs of the houses of a good-sized town. When you con- sider that each must be arranged ac- cording to its color, in order to give the wonderful patterns that the wings display, you will obtain some idea of the wonders of workmanship in a but- terfly's wings. ti Who Uses Most Lumber? Farmers probably use more lumber than any other group in the country. Although other building materials are trying to push wood out, the use of lumber is a customary building not- ''terial on farms. This is because the farmer knows wood and understands wooden construction. His father, his grandfather, and his great-grand- father, .all in their turn, were lumber- jacks or jack carpenters. Buildings - are, as essential ,to successful farm- ing as are yards to the coal or lumber dealer or shelving - to the • grocer or dry -goods merchant. -A house usual- ly generous in size—a barn,' wagon and implement sheds, hog and poultry houses, silos, corn -cribs, feeding floors and perhaps other small buildings r•ompose the average farm colony of buildings. Paint is not yet universal- ,i ly used, over the country, so that re- placements, are more frequent on the tern. . The effect of the depletion of our • forgets- and the high prices and in- creasing shortages of lumber and tin - bee, upon the farmer is a matter of national interest, because of the close bearingupon the question of the , nation-wide supply, and price of wend. ; `Ileum 'the importance of caring for farm wobdlots, and of planting more 11015 on land too rough for farming. -W; 11. M. She Wae A lady oat'aeasked a little girl et five if she had any brothers. "Yes," said the child, •''I have three brothers:" "rend tow many sisters, my dear?" asked the lady. • "Just: one sister, and I'm it," replied the small girl. A: lot o3 work and aro; la " ll s P y wi eon ' `Waite Johnny a city, boy, All work and no play is- too bi a price to pay for'living. g In home activities the ri iii` con Pl g nes lectors the sewing; in farm activities, the sowing comes before the reaping. The man who snakes pets of his ani- mals is usually a good farmer, because he shows a love fox the things about him