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The Seaforth News, 1923-01-18, Page 3RC S OCCUPY ESSEN CENTRETREVFGERMANY'SINDUSTRIAL LIFE A. despatch from i,ssen 'says:—Two .battalions of eoiored'troops are in the 'fret detachment the French sent into Essen, The troops began moving about five o'clock Thursday morning, and at ten the First Cavalry entered the town, They rode carefully through the, streets scrutinizing the windows with their drawn curtains and the few persons who were abroad. It was like a real, war -time -occupation, when the: cavalry goes ahead to seek out sharpshooters, before .the main body arrives. The cavalry was followed by five, more columns of cavalry, two bat- talions of Moroccan infantry, three batteries of light artillery and 12 tanks, The French placed machine. guns at the street corners and sent out ' patrols. At noon, General Henry, commander of the Ruhr, took up' his headquarters in the Hotel Kaiserhof, andhalf an hour later -the military officialo visited the city" officials and. tefficial'ly informed them of stile occu- pation of the city. - The French re- ,queeted ` billets for ten thousand troops. The, railroad station was occupied later as the troops arrived by road. Most of them are bivouacked around the city, which is encircled. It'" is known that many of the itroops - aro to. be sent to, Berehum, Hugo Stinnes' etronghoid, and it is'.presumed that the entire Ruhr region, to Dortmund and the outermost .cowl mining region will be occupied. Belgian troops are occupying some of the Essen suburbs.. The French troops disappeared off the streets at nightfall, a few hundred of th&m remaining in the city in their billets, or at the telegraph offices; post office, city hall, or railroad depots. Those visible at the past office excited more curiosity: than resentment, A later -despatch from Essen says:— The ays:The French military authorities here have laid their plans for the exploita- tion of the`ooal industry of the district before both manufacturers and work- ers. It has become apparent to the French :that the task which they have. undertaken is not going to be in any way an easy one. From manufaotur- era• and officials they will have to count on a kind of passive resistance, and from the workers they will have to expect demands far in excess of what would have been made on Ger- man employers. The plan of Opera- tion which they have drawn up is as complete tie any that could probably Abe ni:acle in the eircum'stances, but on the final analysis it depends on an alternative of good -will 'ancl co -opera tion or the employment of penalties, the possibilities ofarrest and, indi- vidual fines, In the pian so 'far arranged there is no provision for ihe collection of any cash payments, and it is obvious that with the removal of the coal syndicate from the district the possi- bility •of collecting a 20 per cent. coal tax has bean abandoned until further sanctions are applied, subsequent to the Reparations Comm'ission's decision with regard to a nioraitoeium and the setting up of a ,customs' barrier. In ;brief, the French have simply assumed the task of distributing the coal oaibput end in their schedule they are putting reparations deliveries as the first claim. The second body to be ;served will be the right bank of the. Rlhine, :then unoccupied Germany, and, lastly, those other customers who formerly 'obtained supplies from the Ruhr. Paris, Jan. 14.—It is understood here that Bochum and its coalcfields, lying east of Essen, will be occupied by French troops for the purpose of giving the allies control of a mush greater .part of the Ruhr . coal basin in -order to collect the German Gov- ernment tax of 40 per tent. It is pro- posed that,, with this money, pins 'a similar amount due_ on -German taxes on all coal burned in' the Ruhr, the Allied Commission shall' pay for:deldv- eries of .coal to the allies under the Versailles Treaty provisions, since Berlin has announced: it will no longer make payments. It is expected, if it proves neces- sary, that 'the allies will put .a new paper mark into circulation, -.its value to 'be guaranteed by the collections it le believedernay be made in the Ruhr district. , The district' now held by the French and . Belgians, producing , 26,000,000 tons,iofeoalaecvi ld not supply the allied quota of 19,000,000 tons and leave suf- fidesat for .the Rishr industries -ill the occupied zone, which consume' at the rate ,of 20,000:000 tins annually. But, since the fields which would be em- braced by the extension of occupation produce 70,000,000 tons, the Preach figure controrof them would Solve the problem. Of course, the Germans out- side of the occupied distriet'might re- fuse to pay for coal and: thus not pay the tax, but the French calculate their patriotism will not go so fax. BELGIAN OPINION DIVIDED ON RUHR Controversy May End in Fall of Coalition and Change of Policy. Manchester, Jan. 14, -There are some sigma outside Parliament that the country is not behind the Gov'e'rn- merit's policy of supporting Franee in the Ruhr, `says the Guardian's corns - pendent at Bruasebe, So fat, however, there has been no eonvincirtg sign of disapproval in Parliament. The extreme organs of Flemish opinion and the Biasseia 'Standard organ of the Powerful Catholic Flem- ish Union are decidedly hostile to oc- cupation of the Ruhr,. f e controversy may yet lead•to the of the present Liberal-Oatholic Coalition, and possible withdrawal from the French side, .Ancient Tree Saw Passage of Champlain. A despatch from Pembroke pays:— in a virgin cedar swamp on Aiumette Roland a huge cedar tree has just been nut down that measures three feat in diameter at the base. The swamp be- longs' to Mr. P: Berrigan, who has recently sold its trees to Mr. I. J. Foster,- who has a shingle mill at tls south of the town. Mr. Foster esti- mates that between three thousand and four thousand shingles will be out Boni the tree, and says that, though he has not the time to eoun't its rings - as a means of telling its lige, it must be at ,least fifteen hui{dred years old, ia cedar trees make but slow growth. Past the spot: where this tree was cut Champlain portaged on his way up the Ottawa. It was an ancient' tree even then. The'idle man kilns time. Tinto kills Abe idle man, Neto Canadian Senator Sir Alien Aylesworth, K.C.M,G., of Toronto, epPoin'ted to the Canadian' Senate to fill the seat left vacant by the death of Senator William Proud- foot. Ha was Minister of -Justice dur- ing the Laurier reginie. ',ranee and Britain in Accord at Lausanne Lausanne, -Jan. 14.—Far front being splitasunder bythe Paris reparations differences,. France and Great Britain seem to be working even closer, to- gether at Lausanne,• apparently with the supreme object of settling the penee in the Near East as mentos pos.- stifle, ostsibfe, so they assay be free to ooneen- trate en the greater ,problem of the reconstruetiblr'•of Europe as a whole. The Turks, who ale -goodpsycholo- gists, immediately scented this policy and are not disposed to hurry. Canada and Belgium to Sign Commercial Treaty A despatch from Brussels says: --ss Despite ruiners to the contrary, the negotiations for a commercial agree- ment between Canada and Belgium are proceeding, and there are good groand's for :believing that en agree- ment will shortly be concluded be- tween 'the' two;'oountries. bnaIVGH TsQ0P0 °NOE t10Mt10 ON Tiia aaIvc- The map shows: the portions of Germany which are already' occupied by allied troops as a guarantee of Geeinawy'4 good faith:. The dotted portion around Einer shows the thousand square miles • of Ruhr district watch 1"ranee.intends to occupy. it includes the richest coal and iron. -deposits in Germany:, 'rite Ruhr. is the mainspring of German rudustrled life.. 1'922 BIG HIGHWAY YEAR IN CANADA 5,786 ' Miles of Improved Roads at Total Cost of $35,706,991. Ottawa, Jan. 14.—Another big highway year in Canada has just closed. At the close of the calendar year 1922 there' had been placed' under agreement for Federal aid in connec- tion with the'Canad'a Highway Act 274 projects et ,en estimated cast of $35,- 706,991 for 5,786 miles of road in the different provinces. Forty per cent, of the estimated cost, the percentage of Federal assistance payable due on this system amounts to $14,282,796. There had. been paid at'the close of the year to the provinces about $8,000,000. This amount does not include any expenditures incurred by the provinces during 1922, as these must be audited by officials of the Department of Rail- ways and Canals and certified to by the Canada Highways Commission as actual, necessary and reasonable; and further, owing to the fact that most of the provinces have not been able to have their accounts ready for audit.:, This abetment of Federal and work doesnot inelade any work in Alberta, where the Highways Oommission lies not yet been constituted. The following table shows for the calendar year of 1922 the mileage under agreement the Provincial alloca- tion under the act, and thetotal • Do- minion •aid payments made: Payments Mileage Allocation made P.E.h 828 $ 603,465 $143,768 i N:S. .. 425.60 1,468,720 1,025,590 N.B. .. 1,237.20 1,168,845 810,276 Que . , , 556 4,748,420 787,5331 Ont. .. 629 5,877,275 3,374,247 Man. 796 1,602,265 489,685 Seek, .. 1,484, 1,806,265 300,837 B.C. ... 868 7,251,955 q 978,014 The distribution of Dominion aid to the various provinces for the last cal- ender year is as follows: Nova Scotia, $539,177; New Bruns'w'ick, *$371,978 Quebec, $247,815; Ontario, $2,047,918; Manitoba, $137,944; Saskatchewan; $107,064; British Columbia, $524,541. Form Letters Exempt From Receipt Tax A despatch from Ottawa says:— The exemption from the receipt tax w'hic'h had been conceded by the Min- ister of Customs and Inland Revenue to form postcards acknowledging pay- ments of money hasibeen extended to cover a class of form -letters.: That class is the type of farm letter which, by a method of folding., has the ad- dress plated upon it and is dispatched without the use of an envelope. Tommy Going to War Commemorated by Rosemary A despatch from London says:-- Church ays:—Church Slope Road at Folkestone, the hill down which hundreds of thou- sands of Tommies marched to embark for France and fight in the great war, is to boplanted on both sides, with rosem'ai'y, Predicts Balt in American Progress A despatch from London says—Sir Mackay •'Edgar, British indttstrialiat and financier, has just returned here from a visit to the States. "It is an amazing spectacle," ho says. "There you have 115,000,000 people feverishly` tearing from the earth its irreplaceable wealth and tie- ing it to maintain a rate of growth ut- terly without precedent in all human history. "They have long been the champion spenders of the world, but now they are making all previous reeorda look silly." Sir Mackay says that the biggest economic fact in the world to -day is America's• gigantic consuming power. "It is terrible, because already it is outrunning production." Then the., financiergoes on to prophesy that before long, while the demand will be as voracious as ever, the supply will have run short, and so he predicts a sharp . halt in Amer- ican progress, which may be 'some- thing' like a collapse. Top of Earth i n South-West England A despatch from London says:—W. H. Jeans, the English astronomer, has demonstrated England is on the very tap of the earth, according to the Daily News. Jeans calculated that the earth is slightly pear-shaped, with the top in a spot in south-west England, and the stalk ends in the South Pacific, Jeans believes the moon is a chip off the stalk end. The Daily News reports that these calculations have been rewarded by a medal from the Royal Astronomical Society. A canadlan in Ireland. An'adventurous young Canadian newspaperman is Ii:' N. Moore, a son of Dr T. Albert Moore, a leading Cana. dian Methodist divine. He is :Manag- ing Editor of the Freeman, of Dublin, and during the past four, years his paper has been raided by Sims P'einers, Black and Tans and .Iiepnblicans, When all his equ.iement was destroyed he issued the Freeman as a handbill, .Republican have threatened him with deatm JR SEIZURE MAY RESULT N- ` SK •OUTBREAKS IN THE BALK -ARA) German Labor mala State Officials Protest Against French Occupation—Invaders Anticipate Further Trouble by Increasing War Material and Bringing, Up Addi- tional Troops. London, Jan. 1.4.—There is anxiety, times countries are prepan et tp; take here not only about extensions of action to prevent such .aggression,. French occupation of the Ruhr and Eooen, Jan. 14,—Despite the order oube 1 tenctom- tightenin'g of the �sorows on, Germany, 1 manofGdeer,neral prohiDegbitinte, thg the halfhelrour but also as lto the possi'bil'ity of the I strike in the Ruhr as a protest against Little Entente making some show of occupation, Labor Union: and State of forceforce against 'Germany in support of ficial* have decided work will 'cease . between 11 and'Y130 toymorrov morn- ing <tb,p,'oughout the dl,t$lct. This would, it is believed, have a 'Word leas also passed by word of serious effect in the Balkans'. In this mouth among the papulation of the By removing its archives from the connection the Economist says to -day:' Ruhr that all traffic in ,the streets and Rhur, the German coal syndicate has There is definite danger; which we all pedestrians' will stand'sti'll for two seriously embarrassed' the French and dare not disregard, that the occupationminutes ae, an additional protest. fears ere felt that the French will put may start a eonftagreetion that would) The French are beginning to fear the screws on the German Government spread- right through Central Europe,' the stubborn German passive obstrue- in an effort to get the archives. Elie and the Balkans. This .dagger is in- I then cannot 'be' roontinubd , for any action of the German coal barons is creased 'by President }1arding's an -: length of time ,without cawsing also likely to bring in its wake sa'bot- nouncoment of withdrawal of United trouble. They are drawing up more age on the part of the workers. States troops from. Coble -no, wh'ioh ad-, troops and war material, including The British Labor party endorses vertiees'to'theeworld and to Germany, armored ears and :tanks for the hilly the action of the United 'States in the withdrawal of motrvIsupport from streets. withdrawingher troops from the Franbe and her colleagues." • I The German security police are do- Rhine and contends that the presence The •Freonomist. also asserts that if in all the can to p g y prevent a .flash of British troops there now is ,doing France fails .to obtain what she is between the Freneh soldietg and, the aro good. Ori' the whole, though, the • far in the Ruhr, she may ;attempt grumbling 2ssen population, Gen- Laborites support the Government's to extend' -her 'occupation to all Ger- dames watch the guard posts in front general `reparations policy and sees in many, and it is asked at what point of the pont office, asilroadstation and- the "Mailed. Fist" tactics of France a further step toward the economic de- et -ruction of 'Germany `and resultant 1000 Swiss Farmers Ex -King Constantine European ohaoa, to Settle in Canada of Greece Dies in Exile The Laborites alio think Germany right in adopting the policy of pas - A 'despatch from Ottawa says:: The A despatch from Rome . says:- sive resistance, claiming that more possibility of one thousand Swiss Constantine, former King of Greece, can be done with this 'weapon to bring farmers settling in Canada in the died at Palermo Thursday morning: about failure of the French venture near future is now being considered ,His friends say lie died of a broken than in any other manner, especially by the Department of Immigration action by foreign !alar ox Socialists, The Swiss Government, it is under= heart. He was greatly depressed over In political quarters the action of stood, is undertaking to assist in the recent execution at Athens of the, transporting the •settlers, provided the six ex -ministers, most of whom had the German coal a syndicate in remov- Canadian Government can guarantee been. among his intimate friends. This ing its arehiv oeati criticized as heed- Canadian employment for one year. While tragedy . and the general depressing less and provocative. If there is: a this stipulation may prove a abumbling effect of his reverses,undermined his sitting of Parliament, undoubtedly the block, Hon, Charles Stewart, Minister health, it is believed.° He had been Laborites and. Liberals will demand of the Interior, is getting in touch suffering frequent attacks of heart that the Government take a stronger. with Swiss farmers already settled inCanfailure 'recent],, but only those near - meet with a view to having them est to him knew that be was dap er- nieet Fritz Beck, Special Commission, g er of Immigration for the Swiss Gov. •curly 111. ernment. Mr. Beck is now touring the He made his will while at Palermo Dominion looking into opportunities and left the bulk of his fortune to his for his fellow -countrymen: widow. Ira 01 Action of German Cesza'd' yevoix cate Held Heedless and Pro 'vocative. 6. despatch fro,n London ays;-.•-At the conclusion of Th,:,i d v s epeclal GabinCo;n ii i, 'au,litalod Lhat Greatet Britain, i'va thevvs time hcinJ, at least,`would sat tight and watch the: developments in the Ruhr. It:means that there is no immediate prospect of any withdrawal of British forces on theRinoand that.the Brit ish representatives an the var.icus inter -allied commissions will be. main, tailed at their posts. It is recognized, however, that thesituation hie ale- eome inose menacing: as.a result of the development of the policy of passive resistance by the Germans, Great Boston and other League of Na- coal syndicate .offices•. Weekly Ma rket Report Toronto. Potatoes, Chita -dos, No. 1, 90c to $1; Manitoba wheat—No. 1 Northern, No. 2, 86 to 90c. $1.26. Smoked meats—Hams, med., 26 .to Manitoba oats—Nominal. - 28c; cooked ham, 38 to 40c; smoked Manitoba barley—Nominal. rolls, 26 to 28c; cottage rolls, 32 to All the above, track, Bay ports. 85e breakfast bacon, 82 to 35c; spe- Ameriean corn—No, 2 yellow, cial brand breakfast bacon 88 to 40c; London. 88%c• No. 3 yellow, 87c, all rail. backs, boneless, 39 to 48c. The review asserts that expos Barley—Malting, 60 to 62e, accord- Cured meats—Long clear bacon, 60 British goods were higher by £2'tt ing to freights outside. to 70 lhs,,•$20; 70.to 90 lbs., $19; 90 000,000 than in 1921, and that their Buekwheat—No, 2, 78 to 80a, lbs. and up, $18; lightweight rolls, in value is still increasing, It is appar- Rya- No. 2, 83 to 86c barrels, $38; heavyweight rolls, $$5. ent, the summary says, that the ad- Lard—Pure tierces, 16c• tubs, verse balance sheet has been reduced ,, aCuc pails 16ssc Tints 18 by more than 9100,000,000. Coal exports in 1922 nearly trebled in quantity and nearly doubled in value. Exports of cotton goods shave- ed a remarkable tncreaee, Natural Resosirces ' Bulletin. One of 'the most remarkable recent' developments in Canadian agriculture is the rapid strides being made b r the dairy industry in the West. Reports stand against France,? but the Govern- ment plainly has one eye on,Lausanne and the necessity of Freaich suppert in dealing with the Turks, Optimistic• Signs in Britain's Trade A despatch from London says:— Although 1922 was, generally speak- ing, a year of severe.trade depression in Great Britain, many signs warrant- ing optimism appeared. on the horizon during the closing months. says tlto American Chamber of Cam erre is - a Mif.feed--Del. Montreal freight, bags inbluded: Bran, per ton, $24; 16 ; prints, ° shorts, per ton, .26; middlings, $28.50; Shortening, tierces, 18% to 14c; tubs, good feed flour, $2. 14 to 14i% -c;. pails, 143 to 160; prints, Ontario wheat—.No. 2 white, $x1,11 17 to 17%.c.to $1.13, according to freights outside; I Heavy steers; choice, $7 to $8; No. 2, $1.08 to $1.10. butcher steers choice, $6.50 to $7.25; r Ontario No. 2 white oats -42 to 44c. do, good, $5.50 to $6; do, fined:,. $5 to Ontario corn --Nominal. Ontario flour—Ninety per cent,'heife' c com.,ee,$4 t $$7; , me ., past., in jute bags, Montreal $5ifers, ; d 36.25 to $7; do, ic shipment, 'pronto $6 s, $8; do, comb $4 to ; butcher mrd $6.20 $ilk, Toronto cows, choles $6 io $6.60;. da; mod., basis, $5.15 to 35.20; 'bunk, seaboard, $8.60 to $4.50 canners and cutters, 2 $5 to $5.10. ens $ Manitoba flour -1st pats in cotton to $2.50; hotelier bulls, good, $4.50 to sacks, $1.10 per bbl; 2nd pats, $6,60, , $5.25; do, con,, $2,25 to $2,50; feeder Icy—Extra No. 2, per ton, flack, i steers, good, $5 to $5.50; do, fair, $4 to hand of dairy operations in Mani Toronto, $11 im $12• mixed, $10,60 to to $5; stockers, good, $4 to $4.50; de, toba show that that province is not $12 clover, 38 to $11, fair, $3 to $4; calves, dreier $13 to behind Alberta and Saskatchewan its Straw—Car lots, per ton, track, To- $13 26 do, medium, $8 to 10; do, To- ronto. coni„ 8 to $3,50; mileh cows, choice, Cheese—New, large, 25e; twins, 1359 to80; springers, choice, $70 to 25%c; triplets, 26%c; Stiltons 27o.. 90; lambs, choice, 13.50 to $14,25; Old', large, 27o; twins, 28c; Softens, •sheep' choice, •$7 to $7:50; do, culls, 29c. $2 to $2,60; hags, fed and watered, Butter—Fipest creamery prints, 43 '4+10; do, f.o.b., 39.75; do, country to 45c; ordinary creamery prints, 40 , pD1ri' $9.50. to 41c. Dairy, 30 to 31c. Cooking, l Montreal. 22c I Corn -American No. 2 yellow, 91% Dressed poultry--Chiekens, milk- to 92c. Oats—Can, West., No. 2, 63' to fed, over 5 lbs., 23 to 81e• do, 4 to 5 64c; do No. 3, 58 to 59e; extra No. 1 lbs,, 21 to 27e; do, over 5 Sbs,,, 21 to feed, 55 to 66c; No. 2 focal white, 53 27e;i do, 4 to i lbs.;' 16 to 25c; do, 2 to 54e, Flour :Man, oozing • wheat to 4lbs.,14 to 21c. Hens, over 5 lbs., pats.; firsts, $710; do, seconds $6.60; 23 to 27e; do, 4 to 5 lbs., 19 to 25c; , strong bakers', $6.40; winter pats., do, 3 to 4 lbs., 11 to 17c. Roosters 13 choice, $6.50. Rolled oats -Bag of 90 to 18c. Ducklings, over 5 lbs., o6 to lbs., $3.15' to $8.25. Bran, $24. Shorts, 26c; do, 4 to 5 lbs., 21 to 24e. Turkeys, $26. Middlings, $81. Hay—No. 2, per young, 10 lbs and up, 28 to 38e; do, tong car lots $16 to .$17. old, 18 to 23e, Geese, 15 to 21c. Cheese—Finest easterns, 24 to Margarie-20 to 22e. 24%e, Butter -Choicest creamery, .Eggs -No. 1 candled, 37 to 88e; 38/ to 39e, Eggs—Flesh, 45 to 46c; selects, 48 to 44e; cartons, new laids, selected 40e No 1 stock 36e. new a this respect, The change in conditions is well illustrated by the, fact that in 1914 Manitoba imported 70 carloads of butter whereas now 100 carloads are exported annually. Out of 51,000 farmers in the province, 26,000 are producing and shipping milk and cream. Books Tommi, Atkins Should Read A' despatch from London says:— The War Office has issued a list of books 'which the British Tommy is expected to read if he desires promo- tion. The list includes: Shakespeare's Xing 'Henry V. and Richard ll., Dickens' Tale - of Two Cities, Cowan Doyle's White Company, Walter Scott's Old 'Mortality, Books 0 to 62e. laic! ewe,'660.' potatoes_per - 3 and 4 of PaIgrai•e's Golden Preatury Beans -Can., hand-picked, lb, 6%,c; Io . lyes bag, car and ilouilrey's Life of Nelson. . lots, Oat to $1: primes, 6c, Fairly good' dairy type heifers a Maple products-Svt•u YP and ji, per imp � trim cows averaging 860 lie 4 2 German g $ 5 Industries llil RABBITEORO 5A`1,•Poo, I GoT Some- 51efIOL1. eooK5 To SELL!�: I'l`l 'T ,YIN' TER F2pr15�. A 1-11_ E-XTP•OPC MONF-Y F5[2 THE HALLOW E'fiiV PP R'ry gal., '$2.50; per 5 gal. try 32.40 per . commoner lots from that dawn nto $ 10 t, gal. Maple sugar,lli., 23 to 25c. btil+ls, ono, $3, ictal weals, $10 to to Use �ritisla Co honey -60-1b, tins, 12 to 123/se per , 12; lambs,p t good; 10; alreep' , 6 to lb. ; 5-2 -1b$ ' $ . '�i , tins, 13fi,¢ to 14�e per. G,26• hos selects • A des tch from Berlin s•i s:-._:n•ti i; _P $ hogs, acts and good.quality p'a y p b.; Ontario comb' honey,' per dozen, butchers, $11.25; do, thick; fat, torn- Bourse Casette prints an Essen' elm $3.75 to 34.50. led hogs, $10.76; sows, $9 to $10. spabclo saying that several German industrialists, including. Iliugo°•Stinnes and August Thissen, have been tap proaehed by a. group representing British.coai firms regarding thepossi. bility of obtaining orodit for the pus chase of Ervglieh coal in order to mita. gate the consequences of the French seizure of the Ruhr, A laugh is the most ma guc lic. ti,iug on earth, WON' T YOU HELP Ma OUT'? `lOv I3ET 1 'Wm_ 1, ak, 0 Gunada figures es the greateot wheat exporting eouiitre- in the world in the latest':bulletin of the Interne=. ilonal Institute of Agrieultuee .at Rome. The exportable .surplus esLi- niated as of August 1 by the Ia:stitute Tor the prhteipal exporting cou'ntriee of the world is as follows: Canada; 312,000,000 bushels; 'iheited. iSi:ate4, 005.000,000; Briti,li India, 37,000,000; 4i „ :Cie a 20 r'00 'P Aolstaeiia, :33,- 00,1000; ell :c•.cGa ii'es, dt,,_ 000,000,