The Seaforth News, 1933-11-30, Page 7THURSDAY,
QVEIIMBER 30,' 1933
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wyan hds lteaclquarters, and, according
to his leap he did not ascend the
'.G'e�uco.
ehlacl envie was in England, engaged
in sciil'ntif)c studies at that time, and
when he returned in •the fall of 3791
with the ,Athabasca 'Brigade, he set
off, ahnost immediately, up the Peace
River on the first lap of his expedition
to the Pacific. The first post he men -
titans on the river is 'Boyer's "Old Es
talblislh'ment," whore, he says, '`in the,
summer of 117313 a small spot was
cleared. and !sown with 'turnips, Carrots
and parsnips." He ,mentions it as be-
ing five hours by canoe from the up-
per end of Grand Isle, In his "Wint-
ering Partners on the 'Peace River,"
J. 'N. Wallace, is of the otpnion that
this was either identical with 'modern
!Vermilion or within a very few miles
higher up the river,
•1tlackenzie's next stop was at the
New Establishment, just opened- and
put in charge of Mr. ,Finlay.'35 was on,
a bend of the river and today is spok-
en o'5 as being in the westerly half of:
township t11016, range 113. (What Mac-
kenzie calls the old fort of Mr. Mc-
Leod, was a post believed to have
been at the mouth of the 'Whitentud
River, The builder, ,Alexander Mc-
Leod was _a nephew o,f Norman Mic-
Leod of the famous firm of Gregory,
MdLeod 18t Company. The old .fort
was replaced by :Fort McLeod, six
miles above Smoky iForks, and it is
believed that Alexander MclLeod 'vas
the designer of ;Fork Fort, where
Mackenzie wintered, on the south
east side of the Peace.
In 11797 'Finlay made an "exploration.
of the headwatet's of the Peace River
and soon after that Rocky Mountain
Port was built,—the earliest above
!Smoky Forks, of which; there is any
record. It was a little more than ten
miles above the mouth of the Sinew
'River, on the south side of the Peace.
Its site• is sometimes confused with
the fort that Simon Frazerbuilt at a
later petiod at modern Hudson Hope.
During She last; decade of the eight-
eenth century 'Roderick Mc'K'enz'ie
and Alexander McLeod see'm to have
PIONEERS OF THE NORTH t;'dezvous, Mackenzie succeeded Ross.
In' theold days the route from the 1Ide arrived. at Pond's House on the
St. Lawrence to the Pacific was by twenty-fifth o•f O,ctober n11784, • and
way of the 'Peace River, The earliest about a week later he sent his two
travelers across the continent took assistants, Mcleod and !Boyer, to the
that road, and it was the fur traders, Peace River country. They took with
established on Peace River, who gave tlteni twelve men and nine •hundred
ritish Columbia its.first name -New pounds of ,goods, their object being
Caledonia.' Sir tA,lexasder McKenzie to obtain sufficient venison and pent-
went tip the Peace River on his his- mtican for She use of the 'spring bri-
toric trip to the Coast :the first; white gade, as well as to induce the Indians
ntau to perform the journey overland, t bring their fur, to Pond's 'House.
and .Sinton Frazer,, went the sans way
till he launched upon his great advert-
tore ---the ; exploration of the Fraser
River.
!TG was not so very' long 'before Mac-
kenz•ie's arrival in the district; that
ivhite men first heard of the Peace.
The two great British pioneers'- of'the
Mr trade in ,Canada, Joseph Frobisher
and Alexander (Henry, Sri, were told
of the river by 'Indians whom they
met at. Ile a la 'Crosse Lake in June
1'1776. ,Thomas-' 'Frobisher, Joseph's
brother, spent the winter of '1.777-1T8
at':Ile a la Crosse where he carried on
ithf he natives,and it was "It' is difficult to say what can be he' suffered a serious loss at 5110 hand'
a trade with t
f '78 that the 111 time to come in this country of some of the wintering partners o
during the summer o done n Again in
first white man ventured into the vi- encasing the entire region' of ,Great the North West Company. Again
in
f t
cinity of the Peace River. 'His name !Stave (Cale and the ,Peace River) but I113118.:Clarke's men and the North
\esters fought a miniature battle"
rax Peter �'Ponct o fa banks of clue ,Peace (River: 2liss
Pond was convuisfoned by several api tl 11 be to passrbtl c,n the i . who 'died
of -the l oantreal merchants to build a try •Louise Clarke,, his danghtet
the trade of the "O 1 scant n at a very great age only recently in
tiermanc»'t.house for
"'Pond's - er- Montreal, told that her mother ae-
rated
and 1 ond's-I3ou,e'' was tort.
1 1 1 membered Lord' Selkirk'sspctking°at-
ected that year on The halide of the
Athabasca River, forty miles below uir b„gate iectionately of her father as 'J'ohn
the :spot Clarke of 'Athabasca,”
Lakee: the
river
acliv dnes c • rlier fray between the X. Y
Where the r�iwer dfi'ides into two The c. Y
l
been in joint control of the Athabasca
departmenit, 'MdKonzie at .C•hipewyan
and MdLeod at .Smoky Forks, In 1999
group of newcomers arrived, They
were men who made names for them-
selves both in the history off the fur
trade and. in exploration—Simon Era-
ser, John Stuart, James MdD'ougail;
!John Stuart, fames MdDougail, John
Thomson and .James 110Kenzie (bro-
ther.of .Roderick), A notable arrival
in '18013' was Archibald 'Norman Mc-
'Leod, who was _asked to go, for the
North West Company, as both the X,
Y. Company and the Hudson 13ay
were becoming eneomfortabiy aggre-
sive.
(David T:h'ompsun Went up -the
Peace , River 111 11304, anal Daniel Wil-
liams lianms I-Iarnmon was there four years
Theywent on foot, probably in a later. lit ;11804 David Thomson report -
cru' direction south of Claire ed visiting Fort Vermilion, just north
west
Lake, arriving at the ',Peace near the of the crossing of the 27th surveyed
mouth of the small stream now called base line and, we learn from J. n-
`.or 'Brousseault. River' a'bonti..-WaIface, "as nearly as can be esti
Vermilion
sixty-five miles below Vermilion Fans. ated on' the right side of the river in
}
(Iii the previous year Messrs: Grant section 44, township .105, tame '1'3•°
and ,Leroux had opened up `a trade John Clarke, who became a, rather so-
h
on Great Slave (Lake, and when Mac-
kenzie became established at Pond's
House in he sent an order to Le-.
roux to bring all his men south to
where be was. Pie hail no very great
hopes regarding the trade of the dis-
trict for in !February !117133, he ,wrote:
Journal of it, To MacDougall he
writes at the saltie time:. "I send my
journal over to Mr, S'tuart to copy
and it most be Idooe in order to send
it down by the next oppor•tunity that
it 'nay go out to headquarters in the
eight canoe, besides I have another
plan 'i11 view, that is, if it could be
clone with care, so get all the goods
that will be required for going down
'the Columbia in the spring."
'
(Fraser went (!'own theriver in the
spring but it was not the Columbia,
The greatest disappoutlinattt in his
life cable when he took the latitude
When, he rea'ohed the sea and found it
to be more .northerly !than he knew
Columbia to he, Yet the .Fraser Riv-
er is. Canada's ;greatest :ni•ontunent to
Simon Frasers; .memory.
,Fur tr'ader`s' Iridian wives are al-
ways o'l' interest, and in ',Fra•ser's let-
ters, there are ,several references to
matrimony. He wrote to 'MacDougall
uz
i must
t
' I'c 'er 18(Y6 in i' u Danb
et ( ,ssy g
wish you joy as'' 1 understand you
have entered the matrimonial state, 5
am glad to `hear the children are: all
well taken care of, I assure you that
I ani nowise' concerned about them
as they are under your protection."
if -Ie adds, "Anything that the children
want oand t'hat,can be had please
give it them and charge the same to
my account."
Three ' months after this he wrote:
'Yes, my dear .friend, I :have once
more'eeetered upon the' matrimonial
state and you would ,have a hearty
laugh if you heard of our courtship."
He mentioned .that he had received
his supplies from headquarters and
said further on that the coat and
trousers were "amazing ^large." The
last he got were so small that he
'could a not put;. them on, 'much less
make use of them."
,ugh on her throat to loosen her bold
just a trifle she would catch my arm
again an inch or two lower down.
Thus I. drew the full length or the arm
throt gh her mouth inch, by inch, I
was conscious,of no pain,, only of the
sorted of the crushing of tette muse -
les and the choking, snarling grunts
of the beast, As'I pushed her farther
and farther down my arm 1 bent over
and when I had almost freed it' fell
d
• rd under-
neath
n r
to the ground with the leaps e
neath Pte. '11y right hand was in her
mouth, my left hand clutched :;' her
throat, my knees were on her lungs,
and ;my elbows 'tt'ere in her armpits
and so 'spread her front legs that her
frantic eta wingdid no more ,than
tear sty shirt, ,Her body' was twisted
in an' effort to get hold] of the ground
to turn herself, but the loose sand
gave her no hold, For a moment there
was no change In our positions, and
then' fat tate first time ;I began to think
and to hope I had a'chacce to win.
If I uld keep my ad
'hang'
per-
'hape elle ponyrbby would come with
a knife,
'I called, but to no effect. I still held
the leopard and continued to shove
the hand down her throat so hard that
she could not close her mouth, and
with the other'I gripped herthro.et
in a strangle hold. Then I surged
down -on her with my knees. To my.
surprise I felt a rib go, I did it again.
I felt her relax,. ,although she was Still
struggling. At the sable time I felt
myself weakening and then it .became
a question which of us would give tip
fir!Ls,(i
ttle by little her struggling ceas-
ed. My strength 'had outlasted hers.
After what seemed an interminable
time I let go and tried to stand, I
called to the pony boy and he now
screwed up his courage enough to ap-
proach. Then the leopard began to
gasp, and I saw that she night recov-
er; so I asked the boy for his knife.
He had thrown it away in his fright,
but quickly found ' it, and at last I
made certain that the beast was dead,
As I looked at her later i conclud-
ed that what had saved me was the
first shot that I had fired when site
was in the hush. It had bit her right
hind foot. I think it was the broken
foot that threw mit the aim of her
spring and made her get my arm in-
stead of my throat. With the excite-
ment of the battle still on me I did
not realize how badly used up I was
and I tried to shoulder the leopard to
carry her to camp, but soon - found
that I roost conlfiue my efforts to get-
ting myself to camp.
a'AIWOUNiDED LEOPARD
' .Not litany •men have had the .hair-
breadth 'escape's from w^ill' animals
experienced 'by Carl E. Akely, sculp-
tor aitd taxidermist. In his book In
lBnigh'test Africa there are natty strik-
ing stories; among them'is this thrill-
ing account of a barehanded fight
with a leopard;
irks I was advancing a few steps a
slight sound attracted my attention,
and, glancing to one side, I had a
glimpse of a shadowy form going be-
hind a bush, Then tI did a very foolish
thing; I shot hastily into the bush,
The snarl of a leopard told retie what
kind of a customer p was taking
chances with.
A leopard is a cat and has all the
qualities that gave rise to the legend
that cats 'have 'nine lives. To kill frim
you have to kill hint clear to the tip
of his 'tail. Moreover, unlike a lion, a
teoparc! is vindictive. A wosnded leo-
pard will fight to a finish virtually ev-
ery time. And if .it ever gets hold, it
claws and 'bites until its victim is in
shreds. Ail that was in my mind and
1 began looking.round for the best
way out
,5 turned to the left to cross to the
opposite band: of 0 deep. narrow
stream, but when I reached the bail:
I found that 1 had not crossed hoc
w -as on an island round which the
stream forked; but going a little way
to the point of the island I ehoilld be.;
able to see behind the hush where the
leopard had. stopped.
IBM what I had started the 'leopard
7'a8 intent on finishing. Peering
round, I detected the beast crossing
the stream about twenty yards above
me, I again began shooting. although
in the dusk d could not see to aim.
T3'owever, I could see where -tlie bul-
lets struck as the sand spurted up be-
yond the leopara. The first two shots
went above her, but the third scored,
She 'stopped, and I thought she was
killed, The pony boy w13o was with
me broke into a song of triumph,
which, was promptly cutshort by an-
other song such as only a thoroughly
angt•s' leopard can intake as it ,charges.
For just a flash I w'as'paralyzed with
fear; then' I worked the bolt of my
rifle and realized that the magazine
was empty! At the same instant I re-
membered that a solid point cart-
ridge was resting in the p'alnt of nay.
left .Hand, one that I had `intended to
replace with a soft: nose. If I could
only escape the leopard until I could
get the cartridge into the chamber!
As she came up the bank on one
'table 'figure,. was in charge of t
post, Clarke changed his allegiance to
the Hudson's Bay. Company at a lat-
er date, and in 045 when the trouble
arising from the determination
!Lord Selkirk to open parts of the
west for settlement, was at its height,
r as can be judged (rout present
appearances tere••yvi t -
of establishing a fort there to ad-
vantage: 1 1"course to ,i
Mackenzie went to the eastwith the
in she string'; and on his
return his favorite cousin, Roderick
yfc{IC,enzic, came to Pond's Hoose
"On our arrival at 14r,
'Pond's old establishment, wrote
!Roderick, "the outfits for the several
E the department were evade up
and dispatched." 'One of those went
l
•'s lace on the Peace.
The exact site of L'oyers post puz-
zles "historians. Theoldrecords of he
Eta describe it es being at.
(Fish River, sixty leagues up ` the
n traces of 1t were fou
ed.
left the country in 'May,
that. We do know t,'iati he had a line ;and uath'iitg is,
known of los subse-
by
succeeded
t'. s
>.
Yna career.
IIS to
J - n the � t car
II use o t. �t�❑
c at
:ons o went
base• River;, and that he made a map Vauclreoil.
13 this map that T' eau• 111c 11caclquaelera of the
of the country. It. wa. t s ;that } ��
led Mackenzie astray in his search for _Athabasca department were moved to,
and which gave r :Ch'ifew an, and Alcxander'Mac
the Pacific ,17.,9,i'o t l Y
the explorer the added honor of the kmtzie went on his long voyage of dis-
p
ii r. and ex lavation, `of The covers down the ` Mackenzie River.
a,scove y p 3
Mackenzie River. 11is failure toi teach the "ivler' De
\ c
'14ackenz'ie gives the year '198'6 as !retest in that ,sIirection brought a
'tc 'f t -c arrival of the first new settle of im'portan.ce to the Peace
'the da o
-l' traders :n' the Peace River: A 'Raver, and in 117911 another. Hoot was
white t a
colleague P'a'nted Ross was in, charge established ;five,. hundred miles above
g
of the new Athabasca department its mouth., `
r 'but lie was murdered, and. Philip Turnor was the first scienti-
that year, t
followingthe tra- tic surveyor to come to the region of
iii the excitement y
the Peace River, He was sent by the,
exact l'ocat'ion of ,the Peace River ten- p udsoil's Day Company, at the re-
n Company and the North Wasters was
branches, with him,
t broLigd11 to a finish by the union of the
\Iackcuzie in his journal, says that vex j❑ IIS'0µ. t\'ftcr that
"Pond's establishment was the only (ten coar p'ani _
there was a marked increase in the ac-
o»c in this part of the world until.posh o t
tivity of the district. Business exteed-
1i718�5." It was that year that 1'Iac-
t the `U er et ed up the river and'over the dit'ide,
coonr ,h' whe went pest o t PP to lBo} p and New Caledonia was 'established
country,', when he spent two tivi i la ll a de atlttnent for trade. Simon_Fra-
iitcharge:oi the post at Ile a la d the
as p
.dens ser and James lllactDougall were the
Civsse. Fi tr1 in that direction,
There is some s'.'iglitevidence tlhat pioneer;
ud lin n9129 Dr. A, G. Doughty, in the
Pond I l the Peace +1 h t to
Pane may have
c:.;coyerec '10 t ea e, u o 1'I t • '1759 appendix to his annual. report, gave a
'fiver but fhe.re is no definite ,proo,f' of
Boyer y
gedy no one semis to have given the
transctiotlon of letters which passed
between ' the trackers, Some are quite
amusing and they all throw light on
an intensely intoietstitig period. ,Sinpon
I raser, almost lntore than acyan e:ite
can react of, exhibits the'trruo spirit of
Ripling's "Explorer,"
"Something hidden. Go "and find it.
Go
and look behind the, ranges—
tSomet•hing lost behind the ranges.
ILosd and waiting for you. Go!'
'T -le makes nd''pretence' at being a
writer, ,In a letter written in 11937' to
his friend Stuart, he says he is..;send-
ing his :Journal and asks,, if he will
cnpy it for him, for "i$ is exceedingly
ill -wrote worse worded and not well
spelt." Nevet4theless he assures 111111
that he knows he can nia'ke a good,
PAGE SEVEN
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Any' of 'the above 'lines we can give
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if intereste'd', call or: write,
E. C. CHAflBERLAIN
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FOOT CORRECTION
by manipulation--Sun-ray treat-
ment
Phone 227.
side of 5115 point of the island I drop-
ped down tiro other side and ran to
the place from which she had charg-
ed. By that time I fisc' inserted the
o!ge wrheeled—E.th
leopard inand ln11130151 bo Tlie rifle ace w:ase
laiocl.ed Flying; and in its place were
eighty pounds of frantic cat! She in-
tended to sink her teeth into my
tln•oat and hang to me w^!lake with
her Hinck claws she dugout my stom-
ach --for that is the way of leopards.
Happily for ill, however. she missed
her'aim. .Inetead of getting my throat`
she struck me high in the chest and
caught nay upper right arm in her
mouth. The accident not only saved
my 'tlurolat but left her Build legs
hanging clear where they could not
realchmy' stonfiac31
(With tali deft hand I caught her
Inain in their home, under the ice and
cca
snotiv, 'the entire winter. Here, occa-
sionally diving through the holes in
the dining'room floor to ,their pantry
below, for a log or two, they rest,
sleep and spend the only vacation of
which they know,
Few people know that the beaver •
carries a pair of pinchers, Yet, this is
the fact. Now and then, ,in cutting
wood up into the right lengths, and in
peeling loge' and shrubs, the animals
get slivers embedded in their gums or
wedged between their teeth. ;How they
managed to get,these out unassisted
long puzzled malt.
"They pull slivers out with their
pinchers," declared the veteran 'woad, -
man. "Each beaver has two sets of
pinchers which he always carries with
him, The toenail of the second toe
from the inside on each hind foot is
radically different from the others; it
is really a pair of nails, hinged at the
base, and two of.the knife-edges com-
ing together make an ideal ,pair of pin-
chers for han'dlling small objects. like
slivers, Thus, each beaver actually has
two sets of ,pincher,, one on each hind
foot."
The influence that tate fabled she -
wolf had in founding the Roman Em-
pire was insignificant compared wiith.
the influence of the beaver in opening
up and developing forth America.
The skin of this water -baby was the
,powerful magnet which attracted
white explorers, trappers and traders
from. the old world,
AN INGENIOUS !BUILDER
IND animal on this continent is so
clever as the beaver in budding his
home. No engineer reveals , greater
skill than he in interlacing his hitt to
protect 'his tribe against natural ene-
mies, such as the wolf and bear, or
trappers. The entrance is under wat-
er, enabling the beaver .to pass in and
out even after ice has formed on the
pond.
,In appearance the beaver hut
resembles the igloo of the Eskimo.
The foundation is laid in a circular
shape to a thickness of about six
inches, and in a most wonderful way
it increases bit by bit, formed. to re-
semble a perfect dome. Throughout
the shape is symmetrical, both inter-
ior and exterior being very snooith,
and the work has the appearance of
haring been executed by a mechanic
Using a :trowel,
The 'dome is the real home of the
beaver family. A s'hel'f, three or four
feet long, prow+ides a comfortable
place for the animals to curl up -,close-
ly in their beds, whioh are made by
stripping yellow birch into long
shreds, somewhat like the brooms
made by the Indians, which keep the
animals warns and contented. In the
Fall, lust es killing frosts appear, the
liouse is carefully plastered with stud,
w•'ith the exception of a small place at
the top, which .serves as a ventilator,
Then nature furnishes the extra cov-
eringin the deep falls of snow.
On a "floor" Beneath the sleeping
quarters is a cozy little room about
four in:clies above water level, which
is used drying the fur after a sw'im,
and as the dlining-rooni, Six inches
above is the bedroom, so that the
water would need to rise ;tell inches or'.
a foot before it would trouble .the
mates.
iFor going and coining, or to make
a way of escape front tate meddling.
otter, two holes ere trade in the din-
ing room floor, Which lead directly to
the water, Under 5115 writer, tunnels
are dug 111 the bank some distance
from the house, to furnish other ways
of escape.
After The clams and lodge are coin -
plaited the beaver -works hard during.
favorable yveather "gathering. stores
Incethe long winter season. Itis favot
ate' food. is the cambium layer or green
'pant just under the bark of the tree.
When the hark is 'proper'ly seasoned
tfac logs are cut into lengths varying
from two to twelve feet, and arc low-
ered to tate bottom of the pond near
the hut. This pile is of considerable
size, for it most provide food Inc the
THE LAND OF NO
MORE HOMEWORK
,Russia has taken another step—
boys and girls will call it a stridel—
toward the Utopia that the soviet
leaders promised away back in 1917.
The University of Education has an-
nounced that all homework in the
public schools is forbidden—not op-
tional, mind you, but forbidden!
It almost seems as if we should
have heard the reverbating cheer that
went up from millions of young
throats at the glad tidings. For that
announcement—that Junior Emanci-
pation Proclamation,. as it were ---re-
moves one of the, greatest grievances
that boys and girls have against
school. Only two other important
ones remain; they are recorded in the
cid chant that schoolboys sometimes
sing on their way on the 'last clay of
school:
"No more homework, no store books,
No more teacher's angry looks."
The University of'Education is not
wholly indifferenttowhat the school
children do after hours. It suggests
that they keep diaries anti write brief
accounts of anything that interests
t10111; but it stipulates th'at they must
not spend more than an .hour a clay
on such work and before !Sundays and
Holidays must be omitted altogether,
'W'hat is the purpose of such a
"benevolent" programme of eduea-
:tios? I+t is propaganda, of rotirse.
iSiuce the beginning of soviet mile
Russia has been flooded with propa-
ganda of all kinds, most of it design-
ed to make good 'Bolsheviks of the
people; much of it aimed at the young,
The control of education is a potent
force. By means of a benevolent po1-
ic t11e at tit cities c create Y t o an .rte to in the
ininds of the young good will inward
I3•olsihevisnt'--'good will that, being im-
planted a an impressiona'b'le age, will
last lotig.
IA benevolent policy bib; another
important iillfluence: it keeps the in-
tellect of the masses at a sufiirientiy
low and slafe level, iBoishet'ishn is es-
sentially a "leveling down"; it Inas to
be. in order to exist. 'Boys and „girls
se'ho learn too much, who acquire the
ktitiele of thinking for thehliselves: are
not wanted in Soviet 'Russia, Theo
would grow ltrto hien and wotnen who
would be t'o hard to handle, tlier'e-
,fare this reemon, education, mast she
kept front Hteaia,
throat and pried lo wrench sty'.: right.' entire familia; from four to six inonfha.
arm free, but I c,ouldn't do it'.exoeipt 'Id the clam be firm and the stock or
'little by •little. When. I got grip en ,Food be ample, phe'beavers may re-