The Seaforth News, 1949-07-14, Page 3For .Ailing Trees
The mass of green leaves that
cover trees all summer are one of
the chief -reasons for growing then:.
But leaves, like children, sometimes
get "measles." Leaves •may blotch,
turn yellow or brown and perhaps
drop prematurely. Often this is, due
to fungus diseases. film, - horse-
chestnut, maple, oak and sycamore.
are subject todistinct leafdiseases
or blotching. Last year, these dis-
eases were noticeably prevalent be-
cause of unusually wet weather.
Regardless of the hind of season
we are due for this summer, the
best approach to tree leaf disoases
is prevention,'
The recommendation of Dr. R. P.
Marshall of the Bartlett Tree Re-
search Laboratories is spraying any
broad-leaved trees subject to dis-
ease -with a copper or mercury
fungicide. A second application in
late July is 'advisable because
leaves are growing and' new ones
continue to appear,
Leads. The World
Making Matches
Two oui of every three people
on earth- -use Swedish matches.
With the help of British and Amer-
ican 'capital, Sweden's fabulous
match industry controls the produc-
tion of wooden and paper matches'
in almost every nation in the world.
The Swedish Match Company, with
headquarters in jonkoping, owns
vast tracts of timberland, pulp and
paper mills, presses for printing
match box labels, machine shops,
chemical plants and water -power
systems. The company manufac-
tures more than 250 brands of
matches. Matchmaking is a colossal
business, but it is only one of the
industries made possible by Swed-
en's forests.
Great stands of timber cover al-
most 60 per+cent. of Sweden's land
area. These forests — chiefly pine
—are Sweden's greatest natural re-
source. Lumber is, of course, the
primary product of the forests, but
through wood chemistry, Swedish
scientists have devised methods of
making brandy, drugs, explosives,
synthetic rubber, fodder, raw vine-
gar, and a constantly growing list
of new and surprising forest -born
commodities. Much of the world's
supply of wood pulp for paper
comes` from Sweden, A scientific
people, Sweden leads the world in
the science and manufacture of
products derived from wood.
Young Canadians, complaining
that there are no more opportunities
here, might think this over.
*ERMAN MASONS MEET, -
FIRST SINCE HITLER
Six hundred German Masons,
whose organization was proscribed
by • Hitler as an "enemy of the
Reich,' have stet in Frankfort for
° their firstn ublic gathering p g gin more
than 16 years.
About 700 guests watched in
silence as the delegates joined hands
in a circle in Frankfort's historic
St. Paul's Church and sang the
hymn, "Brother Give Me Thy
Hand," written by .a former
Masonic brother, Wolfgang Ama-
deus Mozart.
Representing the 6,700 Masons re
mainin'g in Germany, out of a pre -
Hitler strength of more than
70,000, the formally dressed dele-
gates assembled to reestablish. the
"United Grand Lodge" of their
order.
Delegations from B e f g i u m,
France, Austria, and Denmark and
a semiofficial representative of
Great Britain were present.
NoGerman delegates attended
• from either the Soviet zone or the
Soviet sector of Berlin, where the
order has been banned.
For the first time since Ger-
ntany"s first lodge,' "Die Drei
Nesseln" (the Three Nettles) was
founded at Hamburg in 1737, all
units under the reestablished
"United. Grand Lodge" will ac-
cept sponsored members of non-
Christian faith.
Previously, separate Jewish and
Christian lodges functioned in (ler-
many.
Streamlined Power for C.P.R.—Just over the St. Lawrence River on its way from Montreal,
is diesel engine 4006, first of 23 diesel units ordered by the Canadian Pacific for their main
line operation from Montreal to Wells River, 'Vt. The locomotive shown above is made up
of two units, each supplying 1,500 horsepower and is capable of hauling loads of more than
2,200 tons in the heavy grades on the C.P.R. lines,through the Green Mountains, The units
above are geared for freight service, but passenger locomotives will be ready in the fall
to complete dieselization of the 17l -mile stretch of track.
t
World's Only Large
Hidden Area
Ili a previous issue we pub-
lished part lof an article by
Professor Hans Petherson re-
garding the recent Swedish ex-
pedition sent out to gain in-
formation about the ocean
floor. This week we conclude
this highly interesting article.
In the first place, we' shall get
to know mush more about the
stratification and the composition—
Chemical, physical and mechanical
—of the deep-sea deposits. It is
estimated that our longest cores,
taken from the red clay in the At-
lantic Ocean, had their very lowest
layers deposited about 2,000,000
years ago. But in similar cores
from red clay in the Pacific the
lowest parts may be much older
than that.
One of the most important and,
at the sante time, most difficult of
our problems concerns the dating
of these cores: That is, to finding
out the rate at which the sediment
has been accumulating—in fact, to
working out the chronology of the
deep ocean bed. Two Ways of at-
tacking this problem seem to give
fair prospects of success.
ionium—The Parent of Radium
In one of them we measure the
content of radium present in layers
at different distances from the top
of the cOre. This has been found to
show a regular decrease with age,
due to the progressive disintegra-
tion of the element ionium—tete
parent of radium.
Earlier investigations in Sweden
and elsewhere have proved that
ionium is precipitated onto the bot-
tom} of the sea, together with iron.
This precipitation is responsible for
the high content of ionium -bred
radium in the red clay without any
corresponding content of uranium.
It has also been ,found possible, by
taking ineasuretnents of the radium
content, to measure the rate of
growth of these remarkable concre-
tions wnhich we find on the deep-sea
bottom, the so-called manganese
nodules. 'Their rate of radial
growth is about 005 inch in 25,000
years,
Another Way of approaching the
chronological problem is by a bio-
logical analysis—that is to say, by
the study of different species of
minute, calcareous shells from the
so-called Foraminifera. These are
Searching For Relics On Historic' Canadian Site—While pre-
parations are being made for a spectacular pageant to be held
at the Martyrs' Shrine, near Midland, Ontario, July 27 to 31, to
,•',mmemorate the 300th anniversary of the deaths of the Cana-
.. •~^rty-rs, archaelog'ists and historical scbolv, sei=rrh the
site. of historical Fort Ste. 1\Farie•,
minute organisms living in the sur-
face.waters,.and their shells stake
up the bulk of the lime present' ha
the sediment. Some of these Fora-
minifera are typical, warm -water
organisms, leaving easily recognis-
able shlills on the sea bottom,
whereas other species with different
looking shells are more hardy and
able to tolerate cooler water con-
ditions.
During the ice ages, when the
Polar ice -caps extended down to
much lower latitudes than they do
. now, the surface of the ocean was
very much cooler, even: at the
Equator. So ff we find no shells of
the heat -loving Foraminifera in a
certain layer in a deposit, it must
mean that this layer was laid down
in an ice age. The reappearance of
the same shells in a,lower stratum
' means a warm, inter -glacial age,.
Through a biological analysis of the
Foraminifera shells Found in differ-
ent levels of a long core; we shall
be able to linkup the chronology
of the records of the deep with the
record of the rocks compiled by
glaciological studies.
There are other lines of approach
to ,the problem of chronology; For
exmple, the study of the volcanic
shards produced by ash -rains from
great volcanic eruptions. They have
fallen over the seasurface and grad-
ually settled on the ocean bottom.
By studying them, and by connect-
ing volcanic -ash layers .from the
same outbreak, in different cores,
we may be able to work out how
a layer from a special eruption runs
through the sediment. Where we
have taken cores near islands with
forests or other dense vegetation,
we may find well-preserved pollen
grains which will also afford clues
to sulrtnaritie chronology.
One of the most fascinating prob-
lems we have to deal with concerns
the morphology and the tetonics of
the ocean floor. During our cruise
with the Albatross, we were im-
pressed with the ruggedness of the
deep ocean bottom as it appeared
before us in the curve drawn by our
ultrasonic depth -recorder, This fact
is of great scientific interest, but,
unfortunately, it was a serious ob-
stacle both to our coring operations
and to our work with the deep sea
trawl, and sometimes led to the loss
of valuable gear. Our echograms
cover about 20,000 nautical miles of
our course, and once worked out,
will tell us a great deal,
Another serious obstacle to our
work with the core -sampler was the
lava beds which we found frequent-
ly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
They suggest very widespread vol-
canic activity under the sea at great
depth, which not only piled- up
enormous cones, orowned by the
volcanic and the -coal islands of
these oceans, but also 'spread hori-
zontal beds -of lava over vast ex-
panses, of the ocean floor.
la no ease did we find reflecting
/swore in these two oceans deter
_.fhait 1,000 feet below the sediment
surface, This is only a small frac-
tion of the maximum thickness
found by the same method in the
open Atlantic, in the Mediterranean
and in the Caribbean Sea.
Now, I should like to call your
attention to the work to be done in
the future on the deep ocean bed.
its morphology, its deposits, and
the fantastic fauna which exist in its
depths, supporting an enormous
water pressure and ice-cold tem-
perature, are. fascinating studies.
Our experience from the cruise
with the Albatross proved that the
novel technique we have applied
can, in fact, be used to explore the
record of the deep and all the prob-
lems it represents. The coring tech-
nique can probably be still further
improved, and the technique of
deep-sea trawling has already made
a great stride forwards
There are no immediate gains of
an economic kind to be expected:
no oil, no precious metals, no uran-
ium are to be found on the deep
ocean floor. But, on the other
hand, the possible gain to many dif-
ferent sciences is very rich indeed
—to oceanography, geochemistry
and submarine -geology — a science
still in its infancy. The past history
of our mother, the Earth, and of her
oceans, the great happenings which
have shaken the earth in its founda-
tion and have reshaped the contin-
ents and ocean basins will be re-
vealed through the deep ocean floor.
If is my sincere hope that in this
great work of the future, not only
the Scandinavian countries, but also
Holland, Belgium, France, Great
Britain and the United States of
America, with their splendid past
achievements in the study of the
sea, shall take parts worthy- of their
great traditions,
Definitions
BEST MAN' — The one who
doesn't get the bride,
* * *
CHIVALRY — The attitude of
a man toward a woman who will
liaten while he'talks.
* *
CIVIL SERVICE — Something
you get in restaurants between
wars,
* * *
DIVORCEE — A woman who
gets richer by decrees.
* * *
DUTY — What we expect from
others,
* * *
EASTER— The time when the
rabbit comes out and takes all the
credit for what the chicicens have
been working at all winter.
* * *
POLITICIAN — A man who
stands for what he think others will
fall for.
* * *
ETC.—Sign used bo make others
think you know more than you
really do.
* * *
MIDDLE AGE — Titat tiane in
life when you'd rather not have e
good time than recover front It.
* * *
PESSIMIST — A person who
looks at sunshine as something that
caste. shadows.
T?IE FARM F
4Jok*1.
ONT
Perhaps sotne'of my readers have.
had this sort of trouble among farm
animals.' You have a cow --'or it
might be a horse or even a pig that
has a good deal of white on it. Pos-
sibly white "stockings" on the legs,
a "blaze" on the face, or "mark-
ings" on other parts of the body,
* *.. *
In hot weather these white areas
suddenly puffed up, reddened, and
_appeared to be sore. Creeks began
to show, and you probably thought
the poor beast was badly sunbu'rn'ed.
Filially, whole patches of the
white skin would dry hp and slough
off — while, at the sante time, dark,
areas of the skin appeared quite un-
affected.
* * *
Actually, such symptoms are—
according to latest findings—a'sign
of what is called "light sensitiza-
tion", And the condition is caused
by something the animal is eating,
usually some sort of legume.
* * y:
Just exactly how the condition is
brought about is not understood any
too well,. up to the present; but in
some manner the Tight areas of the
skin are made far more susceptible
to the sunlight than when the same
animal is in perfect condition,
* * *
Treatutent should begin by get-
ting the afflicted animal off the
trouble -making feed 'or pasture.
Then it should be kept out of the'
sun and ointments applied every
day' until all the sores have healed.
* * Y
Here's a little incident I ran
across which illustrates how care-
ful everybody must be who owns
valuable animals. Not so long ago
there was an outbreak of anthrax
on an Eastern dairy farm.
* * *
There was a great deal of specu-
lation as to how the disease had got
started, since there had never been
any anthrax before in that entire
. region. So they decided to trace it
down to its source.
* * *
Finally they discovered that the
origin of the trouble had been a
short piece of bloody rope. This
had been accidentally left behind
when arendering-work's truck had
stopped at the dairy farm for the
purpose of picking up a dead horse.
* * *
The driver of the truck, when
questioned, recalled that the rope
had been used to load some cattle
which had died suddenly more than
80 utiles away. No diagnosis had
been made of the disease which had
proved fatal to those cattle. The
rope was found in the barnyard of
the dairy farts, and had been prac-
' tically chewed to shreds by cattle,
This is just another example of
the countless. happenings which
should serve'"as a reminder that dis-
eases are easily carried around the
country. They don't need to depend
on such things as pieces of rope for
transportation either,
Animals themselves are good
disease carriers. So are shoes--
and
hoes=and automobile tires. S o look out
for such things, and don't takeany
unnecessary chances with them.
And if you have visitors to your
place, ask them to conduct them-
selves so that your valuable am-
,
mals are not exposed to the risk of.
dangerous disease.
Helpful Hints
For Hornemalnrs
Before discarding that catsup hot..
Ale, rinse it out with a little vinel;ar.
Use the "vinegar rinse" in your
French dressing for salad.
* * is
When making a rolled hem, put a ::,
row of machine stitching along the
edge to be rolled. Trim edge close
to stitching. Speeds up the hand •
work, and prevents stretching.
* * *
If raveled yarn is full of kinks, wind
it around a glass jar as you unravel
it; you then dip jar in warns water
and allow yarn to dry. It will be
soft and usable,
* *' 4
Save the paint left over in a can,
by pouring paraffin over the top.
Paraffin may also be poured over
the cut end of cheeses to keep them
from drying out.
* * k
Moth -proof small woolens by wash-
ing and drying thoroughly; put in
separate .paper bags, fold 'toy over
and stitch down on the sewing ma-
chine.
* * *
When sewing plastic materials,
"baste" with paper clips instead of
pins or a needle and thread. Titin
kind of cloth should not be punc-
tured except by the permanent
stitching.
* * *
Bake thinly rolled baking powder
biscuits in pairs, one on top of the
other. Baked two -deep, they are
extra crusty and break open easily.
* * *
A chenille bathroom set makes a
pretty, inexpensive set for your
little girl's room. Put the seat
cover on her :dressing table stool,
and use the mat for a rug.
* * �*
Use an egg poacher to heat the
baby's food. Each section holds a
small quantity, and the food can all
be steam -heated at once. Or, if the
oven is in use, you can heat baby's
luncheon in a muffin pan.
Judgment of Paris—One of a jury of women in a Paris contest
eels the biceps of 21 -year-old Mario Morello, After looking
over his 21 rivals, the gals delivered their verdict Mario is the
"Most Beautiful Athlete of Paris."
77liY REGINALD- i DIDN'T
KNOW .YOU WERE INTERESTED
IN PAINTINGS! • ARTISTIC!
40
HOW PERFECTLY SWEET!
WHV YOU HUNG (� .
'MAT PICTURE
Off t 8P0 J
By Margarita
'
Koo