The Seaforth News, 1930-08-28, Page 7Pros and Cons of Consolidated Schools
By Samuel Farmer, Pros. of Canadian
School Trustees' Assn.
As one travels through alio rural dis-
1
tricts, both good; bad and fair schotYls ;
can be found. Some of them are in ex-
:collent condition and are quite a credit 1
to the community others should make I
tresteee who are responsible for them
.ashamed; but apparently they do notI
It must be quite a problem for three
men to be entirely responsible for. the
.upkeep of their local school. Always
thereis the protest of thee° who look I
upon the spending of money as an im-1
position that should not be'tolerated.l
:Always there are those who consider I
that what was "good enough" for Dad
and Mother should be good enough for
the youngsters. Recently this kind 01
argument was used by the trustees of
a ochool, that had. not hada new floor
for over fifty years. The inspector:
pointed out that the trustees had made
many improvements in their homes'
.during that time; but the floor remain.:
•ed about the same, except for the in-;
evitable wear and tear which a school
floor ' must endure, making knots into
little hills surrounded by well worn
valleys. The floor was renewed.
Rural schools were generally first
placed in such clearings ascontained
:settlers of the more progressive type.
When the forest was completely cut
-down, it was often found that 'the
:school had been built without relation
to meeting the needs of the school
population in the community. Some
schools are close• together; some far
apart. Seme•schoolshave a.big school
population, others serve but very few
•children. ' Because' of the comparative
ly few people who are actually fn.'
terested in. these little schools, it ire-'
muently happens that they become
neglected and ill-equipped. What is
more to the point is the fact that in'
many oases there is a duplication of
educational plant that would be con-
sidered quite unwarranted in any
-other line o1 business.
Consolidation of schools has, in
many cases, proved to beahe way out
sof these difficulties, and were the mat-
ter of consolidation to be weighed
wholly upon its merits we believe that
this method of providing' school faeili-I
ties for children would be the general
practice, where roads and geographi-
•cal conditions permitted of the con-
solidation. That this is not the case
and that consolidation might be term-
ed. "unpopular" in rural Ontario--
these
ntario—these are facts that must be admitted.
Frankly, one is led to the conclusion i
that the unpopularity- of consolidated l
:schools. is due to two facts, one of
which is. good, and the other of which
is bad, ad The first fact is the undoubted
loyalty of the people to their home
.school. Itis theirs and they have note
the slightest intention of giving it up.1
Were that loyalty to go a little further
.and keep the schools in proper condi
tion, there are cases where consolida-
tion would bo unnecessary. The sec-
ond fact is that sectional jealousy of-
ten stands in the way of educational
progress.
The general arguments used against
consolidation are these:.
1. The people lose control of their
schools.
2. This is the first step to take the
children off the farm.
3, It is too costly.
4. Transportation of children is both
:difficult, expensive, and uupleasant for
the children,
If people would study the actual re-
cords of the twenty-eight Consolidated
Scheele in the province of Ontario,
they would find that in the case of at
least three of these arguments, the
facts are to the contrary. Consoli-
dated schools are very little more ex-
pensive. Transportation is neither
very difficult or expensive; and the
trustees aro still the responsible con-
necting link between the department
of education and the ratepayers.
The first argniaeat, that consoli-
dated schools rob the people of local
control, Is an entire misunderstanding
. of this case. Where there are consoli-
dated schools, there is nearly always
a live community spirit, and the pride
in the school and all that it represents.
The inspector meets with the trustees
of these school more frequently than
is the case with the smaller schools.
As is quite natural, he gives greater
consideration to the larger school 'and
has a pi'Ide in keeping It and its work
in good' condition. More than that a
consolidated school is much in the pub -
tic .eye :and . everything that. goes on
there Is common property. There, can
neither be neglect of the school nor.
abuse 'of "power, without the whole
,community knowing all about it.
Taking the second argument, that
the consolidated school' le the first,
step to induce` the children to leave
the farm; it must be remembered, that
several other fadtors enter into. this
Condition and that the school really
has a minor partin the problem: Par-
euts,'.who say that farming is one of
the worst'occupations and that they,
do not want to see their children have
to work as hard as the old folke such
Parents : are those who start the trek
to the city.
Parente who accept the services of
their grown children with little or no
pay are responsible fordissatisfaction
and the determination to leave the
Tarin, It is quite true that farming
has its• problems and that it often
happens that the profits are 'quite out
of lceepirig with the labour involved in
producing geode for market, In any
case there is more opportunity to rem-
edy unsuitable courses of study in a
consolidated school than+there is in
the; average one -room rural school.
Please remember that troublee are not
all to be found in rural district.
Iii a future article the 'third and
fourth arguments will be discussed
and the figures given.
Summer Stains
It is Indeed a mercy that we wear
washing . frocks so much during the
summer mouths, for summer pastimes
and' outdoor amusements seem• to ask
for trouble. But some stains will not
even come out with washing. Grass
stains, fruit stains, tea stains, tar
stains, all appear mysteriously from
nowhere, but cannot be persuaded to
vanish quite so mysteriously. Most of
these stains should be treated before
the frock is washed.
Grass statue or any green plant
stains should be treated with alcohol.
The green coloring natter will then
disappear and' the article should be
wash ad.
Bora± is invaluable for most fruit
stains. Stretch the stained part tight
over a snail basin of bot water.
Sprinkle borax over the stain, allow it
to get a little damp, thea rub gently
round and round till the etain disap-
pears.
Tea status are easily removed 11
treated at once, and washed in the
ordinary way. Old or stroug tea
stains, like fruit status, generally re-
spond to a little treatment with borax.
Tar can generally be removed with
benzol, With all stains, however, as
prompt action as possible is advisable.
A stain left to work its own sweet will,
like a epoilt child, becomes obstinate.
Umpire: "Take your base."
Little Eph: "What bolt?"
Umpire: "Why dat ball Mt yeas on
de head."
Little Epis: "Did' it?"
Ideas in Advertising
A new device for aerial advertising
was denconstrated at PIanwortlt Air
Park, England, recently.
It consists of a banner trailed be -
hied an aeroplane, and kept in one
position and prevented from twisting
or furling by means of a paravane.
The legend on the banner could be
clearly read from the ground when the
plane was at a height of about 3,000
feet.
All sorts of advertising ideas are
used nowadays. A London (Eng.),
firm of manufacturers of the new steel.
furniture has arranged a window dis-
play, which consists of a steel helmet,
such as was worn by our troops in the
trenches, in front, and behind it spec{-
mens of steel chairs and so on.
Attached to the steel helmet' is the
legend: "Did good work in 1914," and
to the furniture: "Doing good work to-
day."---Answers,
o-day." Answers.
Bat -Line Glider
Glider,' constructed by Hans Richter, after'deslgn of Herr Lilienthal, glider pioueer, with girl pupil at spot
i.here Lilienthal was killed 50 years ago.
Sunday School
Lesson
- turned upon him. No doubt it was
aggravated•by some deep-seated men-
tal disorder, an evil spirit from the
Lord,' as it appeared to the men of
that age. Again he sought to kill
David, but David, aided by his wife BY ANNABELLE WOP.THTNGTON
Michel, Saul's daughter, escaped and
found refuge with Samuel at Ramah. --
Afterwards, we are told, thi.re was Illustrated Dressmaking Lesson Fur -
What New York
Is Wearing
August 24. Lesson VIII—Jonathan
and David (A Noble 'Friendship) =
' 1 Samuel 18: 1-4; 20: 14-17, 32-34,
41, 42; 2 Samuel 1: 25-27. Golden
Text—A man that hath friends
mustshew himself friendly. and
there .is a friend that aticketh closer
than a brother.—Proverbs 18: 24,
another meeting with Jonathan and a ?deka 1 lv'rh Fvery Pattern
passionate protest by David, "What
have I done? What is mine iniquity?
and what is my sin before thy father
that he seelceth my life? It is true
that David remembered and Jonathan
also knew of Samuel's act of choosing
and anointing David to be Saul's suc-
cessor on the throne of Israel. Jon-
athan might very well have aspired
himself to such a position, but he
chose to step aside and yield the suc-
cession to his friend (see 23: 16-18),
Jonathan at first refused to believe
that his father still purposed the
death of David, but was convinced by
Saui's conduct at the feast of the new
moon. Apparent! the king, his nuu-
isters of state, and his chief cap.;tain
were expected to be there. On the
second day of the feast David's ab-
sence was noticed by the king whose
furious anger blazed forth against
Jonathan when he endeavored to
apologize for him. Meeting in secret
before and after this feast the friends
renewed their covenant and oath.
III. A TRIBUTE OF LOVE, 2 Sam. 1: 17 -
ANALYSIS
I. A COVENANT OF FRIENDSHIP, 1 Sam.
18: 1-4; 19: 1-7.
II. FRIENDSHIP PUT TO THE TEST, chap.
20.
III. A TRIBUTE or LOVE, 2 Sani. 1: 17-
27. "
INTRODUOP1oN—Jonathan first ap-;
appears in the history as his father's
lieutnant commanding the garrison in
Gibeah his native place, and taking a
leading part in daring and successful
enterprises against the Philistine en-
emy, 13: 3; 14: 1.16. Brave and gen-
erous, beloved by his soldiers, he is
quick to recognize in David a kindred
spirit when he meets him after the
slaying of Goliath, 18: 1-4. There is
no finer example in literature or his-
tory -of disinterested and loyal friend-
ship. The character of Jonathan
stands out with especial brightness,
the very perfect, gentle knight, with-
out fear and without reproach, the
"friend that sticketh closer than a
brother."
1. A COVENANT OF FRIENDSHIP, 1 Sant.
18: 1-4; 19: 1-7.
The word "covenant" in the Hebrew
language means a "bond." It appears
often in the Old Testament, and is
used of the voluntary agreement rati-
fied by an oath into which men or na-
tions enter with each other, or which,
figuratively speaking,. a man or na-
tion may make with God. The par-
ties who en'.rr freely into such a bond
or covenant become bound by every
ollligation of truth and honor to keep
it. such was the bond of friendship
made between these two high-spirited
and generous youths on the field
where they had won so notable a vic-
tory. And "the soul of Jonathan was
knit with the soul of David, and.Jon-
atiian loved him as his, own soul." It
was a dramatic but'very sincere im-
pulse of this warm affection which
moved the young prince to duff his
robe and bestow it upon the shepherd
lad, "and his apparel, even to his
sword, his bow, and his girdle."
There are two stories told of Da-
vid's first meeting with Saul. First,
in 1 Samuel, chap. 16, where David is
brought to the king as a "canning
player on the harp," we are told that
Saul "loved him greatly; and he be-
came his armor -bearer." The second
is the well known story of Saul's
meeting with the young champion who
volunteered to fight the giant Goliath.
But now we read of David's growing
popularity and Saul's jealousy (18:
6-16) a jealousy which, in the king's
disordered mind, became a murderous
hatred. It was at this time that Jon
athan's friendship was put to the
most severe test. Ile "delighted touch
in David" and warned him of his
father's purpose to kill him. At the
same time she "spake good of David"
to his father and pleaded David's
cause so successfully that for a time
Saul's jealous wrath was turned
aside, 19: 1-7.
11. FRIENDSHIP PUT TO THE TEST, chap.
20.
The reconciliation with Saul which
Jonathan had effected did not last
very long. Saul's jealous madness re -
27.
Saul's last battle was fought in
Mount Gilboa. , There Saul hint:,elf,
Jonathan, and two other of Saul's
sons, fell bravely fighting for the
freedom of their country from the in-
vading hosts of the Philistines. What-
ever Saul's faults and failings as man
and as king, they were, in some mea-
sure at least, atoned for by the man-
ner of his death. David remembered
only his virtues and his former kind-
ness, and paid his tribute of honor
and of love to the dead in an ode of
noble simplicity and power:
"0 Judah, to your crying! 0 Israel,
to your grief and woe!
On your battlefields the slain are, ly-
ing, and heroes, alas! fallen low.
Saul and Jonathan, loved and lovely,
never divided in life or in death!
Swifter than eagles, stronger than
lions!
Jonathan slain on -rt field of battle,
my heart is sore for you;
0 Jonathan, my brother! You were
my dear delight;
Your love for me was a wonder, far
beyond a woman's love."
—Moffat's Translation.
Thoughts
Thoughts are brief elusive things,
Swift to conte, as swift to go,
Like a butterfly's soft wings
Flitting to and fro.
Some are rosy -tinted, fair,
Iridescent, golden"bright,
Thoughts that mortals ill can spare,
Each a pure delight.
Some are gloomy, sullen, grey,
Thoughts which sadden and oppress,
Fret, disquiet, and dismay,
' Fill with fearfulness,
Some are tender, kind, and sweet,
Some are wise and some are vain—
,Good and bad alike they meet
Iu a busy brain.
—Answers.
"You know, Martie, I wish I'd saved
one of those old dollar bills just for
fun,". "Oh, I thought, of that, I saved
one." "Gee, where'd you put it so you
wouldn't spend it " "In the bank, of
course,"
Popular sports model Ibat Is un-
questionably chic in printed linen in
sailor blue and white colouring.
The modern note is emphasized by
plain white linen trim.
Tuverted plaits at trent 01 the skirt
give it length by carrying out ver-
tical line. They also add sufficient
flare without detracting- from its shin
straight styling.
Design No. 3499 can be had iu sizes
16, 1S years, 36, 38, 40 and 42 inches
bust
Ali the smart young things are
choosing this model in baby blue flat
washable crepe silk with white or-
gandie • ontrast.
Men's silk shirting, cotton pique
print, sheer linen, shantung, printed
batiste and printed dimity are ideal
summery fabrics t0 select.
HOW TO ORDER PATTERNS
Write your name and address plain-
ly giving number and size of such
patterns as you wan5. Enclose 20c in
s' amps or coin (coin preferred; wrap
it carefully) -for each number, and
address your order to Wilson Pattern
Service, 73 West Adelaide St., Toronto.
The modern type of light aeroplane
has an average cruising speed of about
ninety-five miles an holo'.
Study of Soil Will
Aid Farm industry
Top Layer Passes Through
Youth, Maturity and
Old. Age
New ,York.—The top layer of the
soil„ in which most plants grow, me-
lts through a protea Ofevolution broni
youth, through maturity, to old age,
according to .Dr, . F. Marbut, of the
Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, U.S.
Department of Agriculture.. Dr: afar -
but, as a result of the surveys, points
out that soil not only is a product of
its euvironment,'but itt turn reacts up-
on and determines the character" of its
environment.
"The forces residing in climate and
organic life are largely the dynamic
factors of the soil environment," he
said. "During tate first stages of soil
evolution the plants which grow in any
location have more influence on the
soil than the soil has on the plant. But
later on the situation is reversed.
"The adaptability of, a given region,
therefore, for a given crop and the
possibility of growing any variety of
crop, especially the type of crops re-
quired for economic conditions,• are all
dependent on the characteristics of
the soil," said Dr. Marbut. In the
opinion of experts, the importance of
governmental soil surveys as part of
the activities of the Department: of Ag-
riculture are quite evident. During the
last twenty-five years the scientific'
methods of soil. research have become
standardized.
Soil surveying in. North America
and Europe consist .of research into
the chemical and other characteristics
of the soil and into their relation to
their environment.' These surveys are
expressed in the form of a map.
"It is the only line of research in
which the soil is studied in relation to
the plant coverage and iu which a cor-
relation is made between the char-
acteristics and successful growth of
'given plants, and the characteristics
of a given type of soil," he said. He
declared it is desirable that there be
conducted forest irrigation and pas-
tural surveys to be used to classify
public lands, as well as soil surveys for
establishing international co-operation
in agriculture.
•
Children Taught
Farming in School
Adelaide, S. Aust.—Elementary agri
cutters is being taught in 190 South
Australia schools, and there are 3280
children receiving instruction from
807 qualified teachers. ,
"There is no doubt that the practi-
cal and experimental work done in
the school gardens has a direct rela-
tion to the more important primary
industries of the State and to local re-
quirements," Malcolm M. McIntosh,
elinister of Agriculture, said recently.
Mr. McIntosh says that another help-
ful institution is the seed wheat col-
lection competition. By this arrange-
ment, children learn the advantages
of collecting seed wheat each year,
and at the same time reap the profit
that may be made from an acre et
crop.
An increase has been shown In the
number of schools at which agricul-
ture is being taught. The number of
project clubs and the amount of pro-
jects worked have also increased.
The agricultural course in the high
schools is intended to stem the great
drift to the city, encourage boys to go
to the country and develop the land,
and to influence those with a leauiug
toward rural life. In primary schools,
agriculture is being taught wherever
suitable land is available for practical
experimental work.
"The age of our grandfathers is
thought of as the Golden Age just be-
cause of the effacing hand of time."
—Emil Ludwig.
"One ineide and one out," cried the
busy conductor as the crowded 'bus
pulled into the kerbside. A stout wo-
man, accompanied by a smaller replica
of herself, clambered on the first step.
"Surely you wouldn't separate a moth-
er from her daughter?"'she asked as
the conductor motioned tate girl up-
stairs. "Never again, lady," he suap-
Ped, giving the bell a violent tug.
"Never again, lady. I did it once and
have been sorry ever since."
ML I rr AND JEFF— By BUD FISHER
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1111 III 11111 III 111111
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t .•„'^dor �.
-King's HigLiland
Home Now 6 .711
A new attraction has been. added to
the many "draws" Of the Sriottish
Highlands. This summer' and Autumn,
holidaymakers are to be able to see,
on payment of one shilling (25o). Bal
tan
mo¢relhomegire. their eir MajestyMajesty's' High -
Previously, a written permit was
necessary in order to see the castle
and its beautiful grounds. Now it has
been arranged that visitors will be ad-
mitted at certain hours .on Tuesdays
and Thursdays.The money taken
goes to a local charity.
In one way,. Balmoral may prove dis-
appointing to a number of vieitors. It
is a comparatively modern budding,
dating from 1856, and rather smaller
than most people have expected from
the pictures of it:
One Policeman on Duty
Rut the, scenery round it is wonder-
ful. Queen Victoria, who loved the
place, has described the view from the
hill above the house in memorable
pin uses,
Balmoral itself Queen Victoria des-
cribed as "our dear Highland home."
She livedsimply there—"without any
state whatever," as one visitor re-
marked. "The whole guard of the
Soverign and Royal Family is a single
policeman, who walks about the
grounds."
At first the Royal Family lived in
the old house which wit standing
when the Prince Consort acquired the,
estates, and which any Cabinet Minis-
ter, who visited it, dismissed 'contempt-
uously as "an old country house in bad
repair, and totally unfit for Royal .per-
sonages," IIis room was so small that
be bad to write his dispatthes on his
bed.
Soon afterwards, the present castle
was built—very largely to the Prince
Consort's design. But its keynote, lire
that of the old one, was simplicity, au l
the simple way of life which Qaeeu
Victoria' preferred has always beth
maintained when the Royal Family is
In residence on Deeside.
The Royal living -rooms are in t :.i
west side of the castle, looking: out
towards the distant hills.—Aneue.
Cheap Flying Rates
In Chile Capiirl
The Aero Club to Santiago bas it-
trotluced a scheme whereby wi h ,r.,.•
eminent assistance It is possible to
learn to fly at moderate charge.,.
Chilean may enter the club for its,
sons on payment of 100 pesos (twelve
American dollars) a year. Many
Young society women are taking ad-
vantage of the opportunity, and e
number have acquired airplanes of
their own.
Cutipted with this is the announce-
ment that the Curtiss-Wriglit Corpor-
ation of America is to erect a plane
factory in Santiago with a capacity
to build fifty machines a year. tis
first order—one for twenty planes—
has been placed by the Chilean Gov-
ernment, it being stipulated that the
company undertake not only to use.
Chilean labor as niuolt as possible,
but to teach local 'melt the nreeltanics.
of the airplane. In accordance with
this plan, twenty.flve Chilean work-
men have already left for the United.
States, where they will be .taleen in
hand by skilled American mechanics.
They will return to Chile to take over
responsible jobs in the Curtiss-Wright
toctory.
Tt is President Ibanez's declared
policy to develop Chile's air possibili-
ties to tlia' utmost. He looks upon
the airplane as of great importance to
Chile, for without it, the propect of
spanntug north and south with com-
munications would have been a diffi-
cult one.
Arabs and Moors Perish
In Sahara Sandstorm
Casablauca,Mo rocco.—Tho Western
Sahara Desert, where caravan trails
cross "the land of thirst and fear," was
recently in the grip of the most severe
heat wave of a decade. A temperature
01 152 degress Fahrenheit and burning,
sand -laden winds were fatal even to
some of the most experienced native
travelers in the vast stretch of sand
south of Morocco,
Travelers reaching outposts from
the desert region reported many
deaths among Arabs and Moors, due to
heat and sandstorms carrying clouds
of scorpions and hairy spiders. Ad-
vices said many fatalities were due to
the break up of caravans in the In-
tense heat, which caused camels- to
gallop madly across the sands until
they fell dead.
The heat was reported so intense
tbattwaves rose with rebounding force
off the ground, carrying sand which
formed in clouds and was blown north-
ward by winds from the Sirocco re-
gion.
Natives whose caravans were left
without camels and often without
water faced a walk of many miles
across the desert, where ant a blade et
grass may be seen for some 500 miles.
Usually the stranded natives would lie
on the ground, covering themselves
with their burnouses to await eithii
death or a switch in the wind.,
Authorities Here said the heat wave
was particularly dlsastrous because it
tiva5 prece4tr{t y a top cltought }vj�i
inert up most bvoters lutes fujd'evdn
the stagnant pools.
Iewho lives w tltout a delirias put+•
pose achieves no higher enc" than to
serve as a warningto otlterded4
Kemble;