The Seaforth News, 1959-08-20, Page 3Bomb Tamer Gets
Plenty QF Work
At work excavating gravel
from a water -filled pit in ICent,
England last month, a workman
felt his scoop hit an obstacle.
He gave it an extra pull, and
near fainted from fright: up came
a 1,100 -lb. bomb, a German dud
from World War II. Within min-
utes, the Royal Engineers' Bomb
Disposal Unit at Horsham, Sus --
sex was racing to the rescue. A
few hours later, all was clear
again. The bomb was expertly
defused and trucked off to a
bomb graveyard where the ex-
plosive filling could be steamed
out in safety - at least for
Kont's homeowners.
That 'Particular bomb was
tame, but burly Major Arthur
Hartley, 49, whose job since
World War n has been to take
the bang out of bombs, saYs
that Britain's dud problem is
getting worse instead of better.
Of 505 unexploded bombs still
on the Home Office charts,
a b o t 50% are considered
"safe." But the rest range up
to 4,000 -ib. ."Satans" equipped
with multiple fuses of fiendish
design - and the British are
sure that there are hundreds
more buried, unnoticed, deep in
the soil. In many cases, the ex-
plosive is getting more sensi-
tive as the years pass.
To stay ahead of the game,
Britain's bomb men must call
on a vast knowledge of chem-
istry, a store of cold nerve, and
a touch as delicate as a Picea-
dilly pickpocket's. Hartley's
first step is to chart the bomb's
precise position by magnetic de-
tectors that reveal the dep.h,
how big the bomb is, how it
lies, The trouble is that as
bombs grow older,, their metal
tends to polarize with the earth,
cancel out fine magnetic mea-
surements. Hartley. must know
that a big, blocky bomb like the
4,000 -lb. Satan may wind up
nose down at a depth of 60 ft.,
while a smaller, more rounded
"Hermann" (named for Goring)
usually lies at 20 ft. or less, and
nose up because of a retarder
ring around its nose.
Finding the bomb is the least
of it. Most German bombs had
an electric fuse charged by cur-
rent flowing through a long
telescopic arm at the moment
Of release. When the bomb hit
the ground, the shock worked
a "trembler switch" that. touch-
ed off the bomb's main charge.
After 14 years, these electric
fuses are dead, but' what about
the clockwork fuses used to
back them up? Answer: a mag-
netic clock -stopper to freeze the
mechanism.
The Germans were also very
nasty about anti -handling booby
traps. One type of fuse was su-
persensitized after the bomb
hit the ground, with a switch
so delicate that it could operate
if the bomb shell was tapped
with a pencil. Hartley's .men
learned to outwit some mechan-
isms by injecting a quick -setting
plastic. If 'the bomb is too diffi-
cult to defuse, they drill holes
in its casing and melt out the
explosive with live steam.
Even steam ,is no certain so-
lution. The fat, 2,200 -ib. Her-
manns contain two chemicals,
that react slowly with each
other to form a -brown com-
pound that can explode when
heated to. 158° F., well below
the temperature of stearn. Even
worse are the bombs filled with
explosive containing aluminum
powder and ammonium nitrate.
Normally insensitive, •the stuff
often deteriorates, forming a
cavity filled with a gaseous n!...
trogen oxide at high pressure
and lined with skittish crystals
that can be detonated by rup-
ture or friction. To make such
a bomb safe, a tube is 'eased
in to release the gas: then wa-
ter is injected to dissolve the
ammonium nitrate. It is a tense
operation. When the water hits
the crystals, the bomb starts
to erackle, says Hartley, "like a
bunch of firecraelters," The
erYstala heat up, so the water
must flow fast enough to keep
them from getting too hot.
Most of the 200 -odd men in
the B� ni b Disposal Unit are
ordinary military personnel who
were assigned to duty as they
would be to K.P., and they get
no extra pay for their hair-
raising work. As for their iron -
nerved leader, he speaks with
the pride of a skilled craftsman
when he notes that no British
bomb mart has died at his work
since the end of the war. Says
Hartley: "Personal risks never
even occur to me."
-from TIME.
Religious Quiz
Attracts Crowds
Welcomed by 7,000 cheering
spectators, two teams of trim,
tense teen-agers marched into
the huge Billy Sunday Taber-
nacle in Winona Lake, Ind., one
evening last month. Like base-
ball fans, thecrowd buzzed a8
the teams ran through the cham-
pionship play-offs in the Bible
quiz, sponsored by Protestant,
non -denominational Youth fur
Christ, got under way.
After a long, arduous compe-
tition that pitted 2,000 teams
from the U.S., Canada and La-
tin American against each other,
the contestants from Minnea-
polis and St. Louis, Mo, had
reached the finals. The Minnea-
polis five wore blue, yellow and
white uniforms, the St. Louis
team red and white diamond -
checkered outfits. Each contes-
tant was to stay in his chair
until sure of Quiz Master jack
Hamilton's question. The chairs
were wired to a central dial;
thus as' contestants popped up,
judges could be certain who was
first.
Last week's quiz was limited
'to the King James version, of
Luke and ,Eplatle to the Gila -
Bons, and so thoroughly did the
contestants know their subject
that often a single key word
was enough to indicate ' both
question and answer. As Ham-
ilton slowly began, "How does
one frustrate . . .", St, Louis'
Captain Kruse was already on
his feet. While his teammates
silently prayed for him, he con-
centrated for 20 of the 30 sec-
onds allotted him, then finish-
ed the question, ". . frustrate
the grace of God?" He went on
to fire the correct answer (from
Galatians, 2:21): "By saying that
righteousness come by the law
instead of by grace."
A little later,
St. Louis' Lin-
da Fletcher missed a question.
She jumped as soon as she heard
Hamilton say, "According to
verses 34 and 35, what five .. ."
but she could not remember
the rest of the question from
Luke IT, Le., "What five things
did the Samaritan do for the
man who fell among thieves?"
Undaunted, Linda redeemed her
team's loss on the very next
question: "Why did Jesus speak
. . ." Said Linda, completing
tile question: ". . , in parables?"
Her answer: "That seeing they
might not see, and hearing they
might not understand (Luke 8:
10)."
Too fast for Minneapolis, St.
Louis won by 60 points. Said
the losers' captain, Bill Hollen-
beck: "We learn from quizzing
how to take Christ Into all areas
of our lives. We say, 'Come on,
Christ, you take over.' We don't
know ' how the answers come to
us. We learn what a miracle
it is when he comes into us and
works through us. After we ex-
perience that in quizzing, we
learn to live in complete sub-
mission to his will."
In Santa Cruz, Calif., Roger
La jeunes and Harvey Stovall
were arrested after they put up
36 signs along the beach: "Please
do not feed the sharks."
7, Therefore • 29. Pantries
CROSSWORD 6. Large bundles memory
8. Stumbled 30, Speaks from
10. Frosted a 82. Be deficient
cake
PUZZLE .
11. Plower plata 84. Utters bitter
33. Perm building
4
18, Torn ' denunciations
18. Convey 36. kieadlinere
ACROSS 2, On the property_36. Pierce
3, Mining chisel sheltered side 20. Flatfish 87. Set of three
4. Quadruped S. Deject •. 22. Embankment 38. Weaver's
9. Small codlike 4. 'laving 23. Reimburse reed
fish light-colored 24. Suintner drink 24. Strike with .
32. ReVOTIldge hills 25. Birds of peace missiles
13. Toil 6. Roof edge 26. First decimal 40. Whirlpool
14. First-rate 6. A President's number 44. Spring
(colloq.) nickname 27. Queer 45. That thing
/6..Censure
27. tended
19 Tranquil
20. Rates of
motion
21. Finis .4.,
22. Oanters
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23. Tleybnd In r
25. canceled
26: Toward
28, Business
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20. Took great'.
delight Ito
. 80, Anarchist
31: Pronoun
22. Ripples
88. Stoop
• 84. Peep show
35. Pouch
36. Small tables
88. 13and of
different color
41. Commonplace
42. Sloped
48. Trouble
44. More mains'.
46. Olden times
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TWO-WAY STRETCH -- Neck -and -neck„ flamingos battle for
• a single tasty morsel spotted under water at the zoo in Chess-
ington, England,
TIIEFARM FRONT
Jokzu.ssea
One answer to the marketing
problems of Canada's booming
apple industry is to pep up the
sale of apple juice.
* • •
The Economics Division, Can-
ada Department of Agriculture,
reports that two years ago
Canadians consumed the equiv-
alent of 51 pounds of fruit and
vegetables per person' in the
form of canned and concentrated
juices. •
But less than 15 per cent of
this fruit was apples. Orange
juice led the sales parade. Grape-
fruit rivaled apples and tomatoes'
outsold them.
• • •
Again last year, Canadians
consumed about four pounds of
apple juice per person, or a total
of 67.2 million pounds. ,This ac-
counted for nearly two and a
half million bushels - about 15
per cent of the total crop of 18.7
million bushels.
* • •
A recent study by the Eco-
nomics Division of consumer
preferences for apples in Mont-
real, Que., showed thy almost
half of the interviewe& families
had not bought any apple juice
in a year. Three-fifths of them
had not bought any during the
month preceding the interviews.
Nevertheless, there was a small
group of families who used a
lot of apple juice. Six per cent
said they served,it almost every
day' and 13 per cent said they
served it two or three times a
week. • *
Only 15 per cent of the inter-
viewed families expressed an in-
terest in vitaminized apple'
juice. However, this 15 per cent
purchased' 45 per cent of the
juice reported for the month
preceding the interviews. They
bought about four and a half
times as much apple juice per
family' as the others.
* • •
Greater awareness of the value
of vitaminized apple juice as a,
good substitute for citrus prod-
ucts in the diet 'might 'provide
a strong stimulus to the con-
sumption of apple juices, econo-
mists feel. * e e
Consumers indirectly dictate
the make-up of the average
Canadian apple orchard.
A change in variety prefer-
ence. requires a more rapid re.
placement than is demanded .by
the age of the tree,"says R.
Longley of the Kentville, Nova
Scotia Federal Research Station.
4.
An apple tree, he explains„
has an economical 'life of 40
years . and, if left untouched,
could survive for more than a
century.
Twenty years ago, five varie-
ties accounted for more than
500,000 trees or, 38.5 per cent of
all apple trees.
_ Today, the most sought-after
varieties are McIntosh and the
,best strains of Red Delleious.
Yield as well as price, is a
guideto ,protit, and at the Kent-
ville Station, McIntosh, has yield-
ed 90 per cent more than Gol-
den Russett.
*
Best returns from a young
orchard are obtained when trees
are grown rapidly, advises Mr,
Longley, Good locations on good
soils, kept clean by cultivating
and hoeing for at least five years,
will ensure rapid growth.
ISSUE 33 - 1959
And, he adds, spraying Is as
important as soil culture.
• • •
A bill revising the Seeds Act
has been passed by Parliament
and it is expected it may go into
effect July 1 next year, when
proclaimed by Governor -in -
Council.
Meanwhile, talks will be held
'between Canada Department of
Agriculture officials and organ-
ized groups representing pro-,
ducer, 'merchandising, consumer
and other. interests throughout
Canada. a * a
These discussions will provide
an opportunity of obtaining a
cross-section of opinion on the
proposed regulations under the
,Act. * • •
Purpose of the bill was to re -
:verse. the 'Seeds Act to meet re-
cent trends and developments
in the production, processing and
merchandising. of seeds. No sub-
stantive ' changesin -policy were
made. -
The Act enusres reliability
of seeds sold to Canadian farm-
ers. The first legislation in this
field was introduced in 1905 and
the present Act has been on the
statute books, since 1923.
* • •
The Act and its regulations
establish quality standards for
seeds for 'such factors as ger-
mination and purity; require im-
ported seed to meet minimum
quality standards; and ,provide
Those Trademarks
Are Important
From TV screen, billboard, and
printed page, Americans are
bombarded daily with thousands
of trademarked signs, symbols,
and trick words, eaeh with some-
thing to sell and each with a
heavy load of the selling job
to carry. In an era of hot com-
petition, proliferating products,
and mass communication, the
350,000 trademarks registered
with the U.S. Patent Office have
become more than simple marks
of identity - since simple iden-
tification is not enough to reach
the benumbed eyes and ears of
the U.S. consumer. As the pub-
lic forms opinos faster, says New
York industrial designer Nor-
man Schoelles, "it is essential
that the corporation say who it
is, what it does, and how it diff-
ers from competitors, quickly
and efficiently. Call it what you
will, it's an indespensable part of
marketing today."
Just how indispensable was
pointed up last month in a suit
flied by the Jay S. Conley Co.,
a California manufacturer of
chemical cleaning products,
which claimed that its very ex-
istence hung on two words. 1:
"Jeenie," the brand name that
Conley claims it has been using
for four years. Word 2: "Genie,"
the brand name for a new liquid
detergent just introduced by
giant Colgate-Palmolive Co. Su-
ing for infringement of its trade-
mark patent, Conley claimed
that the confusion had already
cut into ?ts sales and led many
customers to believe it had sold
out to Colgate. Colgate, with a
$1,8 million advertising cam-
paign for Genie at stake, filed
a counterclaim, assorting that
Cbnley's trademark applied only
to chemicals, not detergents.
Colgate, what's more, wasn't
the only big .soapmaker seeing
double bubbles last week. A tele-
Avib ad agency disclosed that
it has been plugging an Israeli -
made liquid detergent call "Mr.
Kleen' for no less than four
years; the Israeli Mr. Kleen look-
ed nothing like Procter & Gam-
ble's muscular "Mr. Clean" (all-
purpose liquid cleanser intro-
duced last year), but curiously
enough had "dress and manner-
isms" similar to Lever Brother?
"Handy -Andy" (another liquid
cleaner introduced last year).
With some 20,000 new trade-
mark applications flowing Inte
Washington each year, this kind
of confusion is being steadily
compounded. In the brand -happy
consumer industries, batteries or
company lawyers keep watch on
rival companies for infringement
of trademarks. Coca-Cola, pos-
sibly the most infringed -upon
company in the world, has
for the licensing of new varieties
of certain crops and for the
grading of registered seed pro-
duced under crop pedigree certi-
ficates of the Canadian Seed
Grower's Association.
Too, it is in connection with
this Act that seed testing la-
boratories are maintained by the
department of agriculture.
fought and won literally hund-
reds of suits to protect booth
"Coca -cola" and "Coke" (al-
though it can't claim exclusive
use of the "Cola" part of its
name, since this is a generic
term for a typ of bean).
Fame can be a trademark's
worst enemy, since common us-
age may make it a part of the
language. Recallingwhat hap.
pened to "aspirin," "cellophane,"
"celuloid," "nylon," escalator"
and "zipper" (all good trade -
arks until the court ruled them
in the public domain), firms like
Minnesota Mining & Manufac-
turing (Scotch Brand tape),
Chesebrough Manufacturing
(Vaseline), and Johnson & John-
son (Band-Aid) are constantly
watching for (and protesting)
generic use of their brand names.
Along with the batteries of
lawyers come the industrial de-
signers, motivational research-
ers, and other Madison Avenue
denizens who have swarmed into
the field. Time was when a trade-
mark might spring full-blown
from a company president's
brow; three underwear makers
named Bradley Voorhis, and Day
merely combined their initials to
create a brand name that swept
the world and Harley T. Procter
found a name for his new float-
ing soap in church when he
heard a phrase from the 45th
Psalm (". . . out of the ivory
palaces whereby they have made
thee glad"),
- From NEWSWEEK
Upsidedown to Prevent Peeking
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COUNT 'EM - This American
flag was around more than 50
years until the Hamer C. Knep-
per family, •discovered .80 stars.
Daughter Sandra Lee stands be-
side the overspangled banner.
MOTOWN --At the Zoo
"Don't you EVER say that word again"
"What am I, uncouth?"
'Didn't 1 see you slipping in
ate this morning?"
"Get that big fat snout out of my haddock!"