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The Seaforth News, 1950-06-08, Page 3Valuable Products From Fish Waste Of the fourteen iuilliun taus of fish rotten yearly front the ata, less than fifty per rent is used as fond. From salvaged waste and from fish not fit for Iuumau coneemptiau, many valuable products are ob- tained. • Every year purge quantities of phosphorus and potash are gashed `Cory the land into the rivers and sea. Fortunately much of it is recovered from the fish. The fish waste which contains these minerals is turned into fertilizers, These are usually free from unpleasant (A'our and rot quickly. stimulating bac- terial action. Also, they yield tip plant foods during the whole of the seaerm. An increasing quantity of fish waste ie being turned into meal to feed live-stock..This meal is trade after the fish oil Inas been extracted by heat and pressure. It contains approximately fifty -per cent protein plus a minute quantity of mineral salts. Most fish, especially herrings, are rich in oil. The importance of this oil has increarcd considerably since intporved methods have been de• vised to remove the fishy taste and stuell, A few of the products in which- it is used are paints, var- nishes, soap and margarine. Print- ing ink and' lubricant manufacturers also use it. A valuable medicinal oil which contains vitamins A and D is ob- tained front the livers of cod and halibut. This was a mystery to scientists for some time, because the - ultra -violet rays of the sun which produces these vitamins could not reach deep-sea fish. But it was discovered that the capelin (small fish) on which the rod and halibut feed contains these vitamins. The capelin gets its vita - ruins from the microscopic animal and vegetable .life which lives on the surface of the ocean, and is ronstaiitly exposed to the sun's rays. The method of extracting oil from the livers is by steam heat, which ruptures the cells. For the best results this nnist be done while the livers are still fresh: oil ob- tained from stale livers is of indus- trial use only When Norway was invaded fish- ing became restricted, and Allied stocks of oil were seriously reduced, It became necessary to find an al- ternative source of supply. This was discovered in sharks' livers, which previously had been used only as fertilizers. Up to one- tenth of a shark's weight may be liver, and the quality of the ex- tracted oil is many times richer than cod. A San Francisco wholesale fish dealer was responsible for this new discovery, which resulted in a fan- tastic increase in the price of these livers. It soared from $8 to $1200 a ton. The shark, which had hither- to been considered nothing but a nuisance by fishermen, became the most popular prey, Apart from oil, there are various by-products extracted from sharks, including leather, prepared from their skins, and walking sticks, made from their backbones. Fish -glue is another valuable pro- duct. It is obtained from fish treads, offal and bones, and ways have been discovered to mask the odour and destroy the bacterial content. JUDGMENT RESERVED isfany distinguished Churchmen lave been fatuous for dry wit. This story of Archbishop Frederick Temple, is a good example. A woman told hire Trow her aunt missed a bottt on which she had booked a passage. The boat sank, told most of those on boatel were drowned. "Wasn't it providential," site finished, "that my aunt missed the boat?" The Archbishop replied: 'I don't know your aunt." TAE M 0 Cars are not killers by themselves .. you can really trust an automobile these days. Mechanically, they are a pretty safe proposition, But you can't always trust the man or woman at the wheel. Most of the traffic accidents this vacation season — by a tremendous margin will be due to HUMAN FAILURE ... not to anything going wrong with the car itself: Drivers will fall asleep. They will pass on hills and curves. They will take their eyes off the road for just a little instant. They will do other foolish things, forgetting that the impact of a collision at 60 miles per hour is precisely the same as driving a cal' off the roof of a fourteen story building. We feel it will be helpful and in the public interest as the summer driving season begins to list a few time tested reminders, which, if followed, may save a good many lives this year — perhaps your own. 1. Don't drive when tired or sleepy. Pull off the road and take a nap. 2. Reduce speed after dark. Reduce speed drastically in fog, storm or wet weather. 3. Turn on lights at sunset. Dusk is a dangerous time to drive without lights. Dim your lights when approaching oncoming traffic: Keep all lamps, windshield and rear window clean. 4. Check tire pressure frequently on long drives, especially in hot weather. 5, Never take a chance. 6. Don't drive after drinking. You may not feel those "two beers" but your reaction time is dangerously slowed. 7. Always take it for granted that the driver in the "other car" is stark raving crazy— and drive accordingly. 8. Caution your teen-agers to drive carefully. 9. Urge your high schools to teach a "safe ariving" course, if they are not already doing so, 5 1FE-rty.4 Abraham Maybe Lived In A 2 -Storey "Modern" Brick "For sale," might read au ad- vertisement in any modern news- paper in the Middle East, "Desir- able two-storey brick residence, built around spacious courtyard. Twelve rooms. Lavatory and ser- vants' quarters on the ground floor. Owner and his family moving to another state," writes Thomas L. Leishman in The Christian Science M onitor. There is nothing particularly un- usual about this advertisement ex- cept one thing. It describes accu- rately the type of house which stood in street after street of Ur, in southern Babylonia, nearly 4,000 years ago when Abraham lived there. Properly translated into the Sumerian dialect, it might have been used by Abraham's father Terah, when he was about to move with liis family to IHaran, in Meso- potamia. For centuries upon centuries, the very site of Ur was tnilcnown. Now we know more of Abraham's home town than most of us know of many parts of our own country. It was a great city with a popula- tion of at least a quarter of a million. The excavations of Sir Leonard Woolley have brought to light indisputable evidence of schools, temples, libraries — large and prosperous homes. One of the reasons for long delay in identifying t'r was the tact that House the Book of Joshua suggests that it lay "on the other side of the flood" (literally "the River") when viewed from the standpoint of Palestine. There was no need to name "the River," which in those days meant the Euphrates—just as surely as in American folk song "01e1 Man River" is the Mississippi. The ruins of Ur are now some 11 miles to the west of the Euphrates, but aerial photographs clearly show that at some time in the distant past the river had changed its course to where it now flows. In the patriarch's day, Ur was indeed "beyond the River," but so close to it as to be almost on its banks. The River was the main highway of the Ur known to Abraham (or Abram, as he then was called). Ships plied between the city and the Persian Gulf 100 miles distant. These, or connecting vessels, must have sailed the Indian Ocean, for amazonitc beads unearthed at Ur could have come only from the Niigiri hills in southern India, Lapis lazuli had been brought overland from the far-off Pamir Mountains on the borders. of China and the Soviet Union, just north of Afghan- istan. . Among the discoveries at Ur was a bill of lading dating froth about 2040 I3.C., not long before the time of Abraham It lists the cargo of a ship which had just completed a two years' voyage, and which had brought with it ivory and alabaster, copper ore and gold. Statues and beautifully wrought gold and •silver ornaments, also found nearby, attest the artistic ability of the patriarch's fellow- townsinen, One of these, a delicate golden representation of a ram caught in a thicket, provides a striking reminder of the Bible pas- sage which tells how Abraham all but sacrificed his son Isaac, What first attracted explorers to the site of what later proved to be Ur, was a great mound in what is now largely desert, due to the river's change of course. Here and there, even before the digging began, ancient brick walls pro- truded. As the digging went for- ward, at last the outlines of a great building began to appear, and clay tablets cleverly hidden for safe- keeping in the courses of masonry positively identified the city. Front then ort its story gradually was pieced together by the scholars, This great building was the Zig- gurat—the sanctuary of the moon god, chief deity of Ur, U, as the Bible assures us, Abraham's father- Terah "served other weds," it seems diear that outstanding among them was Nannat•, the Moon god of Ur, although numerous other deities also were worshipped there. The filing of receipts, reports, paper's of all kinds, is an important part of the work of any efficient business office of our own day. The businessmen of Ur were equally meticulous, fn spite of the fact that their records consisted not of paper but of bulky clay writing tablets. Quantities of such tablets have been recovered at Ur, faithfully set- ting down both what had been received and what had been with- drawn from the stores of goods on haled Startlingly modern are the rec- ords of a factory at Ur where woman were employed to spin wool and weave it into cloth. Monthly and quarterly balance sheets were unearthed, together with details of costs, lists of employees, and of the pay which each received. Strange as it may appear, many of these records were found in the local temples. This would indicate that the priests of Abraham's day demanded tax money of the.people, and did busines on behalf of the "gods" whom they were supposed to represent. Education was by no means ueg- ttcted at. Ur. Indeed, the ruins of 4single elementary school yielded as matey as 2,000 clay tablets. Many of these have been deciphered, and they give us some idea of what was studied by the children of the day. Reading, writing, and anthmetic, of course, had their place. There is also evidence that the older pupils went on to wrestle with square and cube roots and with geometry. Perhaps Abraham himself was among then(! WHEN a man's car stalled near Phtiladelphia, a stranger helpfully stopped and helped push. The stranger then suggested Ile take the wheel and work the starter while the motorist pushed, \'s'hen the motor started tice stranger made off with the car. New Stamp—This design' was chosen 'for Germany's new 7.0 - pfennig postage statnp in cout- petition at Frankfort, &pict- ing a matt raising his arms to 'a dove of peace, it wore first prize for Prof. joliannes W0111- . 011- fart. Back in tete days when we used to sing that a n.0 i ent ditty ''HOW'RE YOU GONNA KEEP THEM (F' TIIE FARM AFTER THEY'VE SI -EN PAl1.P:E" it seemed to be a question that bad no satisfactory answer. A: id even today there are plenty -01 chronic .head -shakers and viewers - with alarm whoe-while constantly de- ploring the tendency of country boys and girls to 'flock ritywar'ds ---end up by saying, "Guess there isn't much anybody can do about it." * « * Well. they're wrong, There are people who are trying tt show young people that farming, done in a modern manner, ran be a career that has no equals for real satis- faction and happiness. One of these is the SAI..\DA TEA COMPANY that recently sponsored a sight- seeing trip for -the four boys who- constituted vhoconstituted the two top winning teants int- the Salads even: at last year's 1nteenatlona1 Plowing Matches. *Herewith I ant publishing tures of the four young chaps, also one of A, G. Skinner, the Ontario Agricultural Representative at Ca- yuga, who planned the 'rip and personally conducted it. And to give you an idea of what an interesting journey it meet have been. I ant also lifting several sections from the "play-hy-play" reports the tra- vellers sent back. r t 5 COSHOCTON, OHIO "From there we went to the Hydrological Station located near Coshocton. This station consists of a farm of 1,000 acres maintained by the Soil Conservation Service • of the U.S,D.A. and was established ;or the purpose of studying water control proltletns from the smallest farm field to entire drainage basins. "It was a privilege eo meet Mr. T. L. Harrold, Project Seperrisor, and to have him discuss a number of the projects with the boys dur- ing the visit to the Hydrological A, Gordon Skinner Cayuga Station, Mr. Harrold is a scientist who impresses one as being capable of applying science to practical agriculture. It was quite evident that no information of a definite nature will be forthcoming from that station until it Inas been thor- oughly proven to be sound and practical. "Methods of preparation of the soil for cropping in relation to water conservation were discuseed and were of intense interest to these boys who were experts it, their own right as plowmen. The ques- tion was raised as to whethe. plow- ing was the proper methort to fol- low if the highest percentage of water was to be kept for crop growing purposes. It was suggested that perhaps our methods of plow- ing should be revised so that a deeper furrow of probably ten inches Would be turned not over but on its edge. The theory was that this would tend to mix the organic matter more thoroughly with the entire depth and also pro- vide openings or slits for the mois- tnre to get down aur, be reiaroed in the soil. "The Lysimiters proved to be 1-igbly interesting equipment for the measuring of runoff, percolation and evapo-transpiration. It ha, been discovered that the corn erep uses one inch of water in 5 da,s dur- ing the month of May and one inch in 3 days during Jtr1y" # r: e: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY "During the morning we had the opportunity of visiting much of the Department of Agriculture at the Ohio State University. including the Administration Building 1'fownshend Hall), the various barns and class rooms. greenhouses, Agricultural Engineering. While most of the livestock was out on pasture we did see the $25,000.00 Angus brill of which they are very t•.nud. Tt seems this bull has only Leen beaten once in the sin.w-ring and then by a brother or half. brother. It would appear that a good deal of meat work ,s being done here. At least that was one eubjcct that was emphasized as fat ss We were concerned, Muclt of that is with hogs and it wmid ap- pear that they are trying to get a frog with less' fat and snore of the higher priced cuts. We, in Ontario ecicicvcd that years ago..lit.tvever, they are of the opinion that touch of the trouble is with the feed they are using, Corn is naturally. a common teed and this tends tt' produce fat. "We have discovered that the horse business in the state is fast going the saute way it is in Qa- tari° except that it has gone farther. ery few heavy horses are now being kept at the University: they are mostly riding horsesand horse riding is one of the subjects taught i•1 physical education. In our die - Earl Becher Cayuga Robert Nixon IIagersville rassion with Mr. Blubaugh ort ' [onday we learned that there were not more than about three teams of horses 111 his country and in some of the surrounding countries there aer no horses at all." * * KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE "During the afternoon ee were taken out to see one of tate Test Demonstration Farms. This is one of many such farms that have been selected to act as demonstrations of what can be accomplished through the following of approved farm practices. Tt would appear that the secret of the luscious pasture that we saw both on the University -111'111 and 001 at the Demonstratiou farm was the heavy fertilization treatment that 0 was giver.. Some of the fields had received ae much as the equivalent of 270 lbs. of P•"05 or in the neighborly,' of 500 lbs. of 47f( P=Os. Other fertilizers evidently had also been applied at similarly heavy rates. It was also quite apparent that it was payiug aividends to make such heavy ap- plications. In the case of tate co- operator at the demonstration farm the yield of corn had been increased from around 16 bushels per acre to 100 bushels per acre through in- creased fertilization and the ap- plication of sound farm practices melt as the maintenance of a high organic matter level and conserva- tion of soil moisture. Incidentally this demonstration farm of just 99 acres is maintaining a herd of 19 ilereford cows and 13 calves and Ian year the co-operator had some hay to sell and his only feed pur- chase was 100 bushels tet corn. Formerly this was a truck garden- ing farnt and much of the soil was being washed away. Under the new system the gullies are being tilled up, the earth is staying where it belongs, the farmer is having to work a lot less, and his farm is in much greater and better state of fertility. in 1949 his cash balance at the end of the year was greater dean his whole income when he was in the truck gardening game. He has bought the farm, paid for it and also has paid for Itis livestock and equipment. The equipment includes a combine and a pick-up L•aler. He is also maintaining a fair standard of living. Only 5% of his land has been plowed titin year. Tine entire balance is in hay, pasture, and over• winter crops such as wheat and barley "Much of what we saw- today Eugene Timbers Norman Watson Milliken Woodbridge (night not be applicabie to Ontario conditions lou the importance of good pasture of highly mctritious grasses and clovers is certainly be- ing emphasized in our mimes. One other thing that has been heavily underscored during one w .ole trip :;a far has been the importance of heaping as mucic of our land as possible under sort and to maintain our soil in such a (nigh state of fer- tility that tewcn+ an fetter acres are required. to produce tltc grains 11iat w•e aced to (maintain r,ar riv.•. stock. b h' I regret that space lunitarous cell% not permit 1115 lo quote et greater length 11081- tic:" rs c,,,, tine ports. ifotucter, I Hunt, ureic 4 enough here to prove Mutt the Sala - da Tea folice should be congratu- laked for their efforts to provide a satisfactory answer to that old •.tnestiott 110\\"111. YOr tihi`r- NA--.-T'r'C.