The Seaforth News, 1918-10-10, Page 6'YFOIL: .UPS
CUT OUT AND 1OU) ON WIRD Li14ES,
13y Agronomist.
Th"a'itjespartment la for the use cf our farm readers who want the advice
of an,gepefi't:on any question teeerding soli, seed, crops, etc. if your qucetlolrr
is 91'su(fic1ent general interest, it will be answered through this column
etamped and addressed envelope Is enclosed with your letter, a complete
gamer will be mailed to you. Address Agronomist, care of Wilson Publishing
Co,, Ltd., 7$ Adelaide St. W., Toronto.
,Beware of Frosted Clover. i of deentnpgaition, when it le no longer
Caution should be ese•rcised in pas -'fit for food. The freezing of an
Wring red clever after its growth has hninstute. succulent plant throws the,
boocme -checked b frost Beeline° nice$ to he a•tri'at0 and a: they carry, vow 11 y t POn4UARa-��-�.-� +•
many .fatt•mers hes , ' . ei their herons' 011 the gums 9,101 sugars, they a1e j
..url was11e11 uf1 or cllantt'e into enm• TI•lE(tEJ PAPAS COAT tIAT.ONGEE!
ani]'ralbh fired t;lug'e of cloves fields tont re-
injury
1 WONDER NOW TEY D LOOK ON ME)
after hard frosts in lite fall without pounds SO it. t1 lease Ole N
in'ur is difficult convince them duced in palatability test digestibility.; 'THE COAT,5A UTTLELAI'Ct YOU NEI
J y itd t tit to
that it 16 dangerous toentice this' It. is pool' eeoeonly' to make horses, I DOPI'T MOW Ill)1V TOE HAI'IUil,l, BEi
g
tempting feed. There are many ,
pre -cattle and sheep try to di -•st plants'
dent farmers, however, who, knowing that carie: so little nutritive value, is -1
the danger of past.lrittg frosted i pedally when his etloet at economy is
clover will net permit horses, cattle, sure 10 result in injury to the sue -j
or cheep to graze on ii. • IP they d„ cced;ng crop vii c:over. rut•l pr'uhable�
not fear injury to the animals they i Injury to the animals.
have learners from observation and ex•, " '
perienee that there is no enrol. means The Para and Preparation or the Farm:
of injuring a good stand of clover: Buildings for the Housing of
than to allow stock to graze and', Live Stock for the Winter
trample it down. Even though the 'Months, ,
frosted clover dues mit quiekly injure This !- the season of the yelu when
the animals that graze on it there i.; every farmer should be considering
such certainty of injury to the cloverIthe putting of his farm buildings in. „,„.111
plants that it is pont' economy to let; the beat shape possible tor the winter.,•
the stand become injured in the effort housing of his live steak, that is (1) _ ._.-__...-.__
• f f d ra r d to cleanliness, (2) light (3)
doubtful value ventilation and (d) warmth. !
to find nourishment rum ee of m rel ue
The extent of injury and time re- First—The -farmer should.eee that,
quired for it to become known is sure all dirt and cobwebs that may have;
to vary with the condition at thteanl- •accumulated through the summer are
pmts given access to the frosted crop. swept down and a good coat of els;
The stock may have a regular ration wash applied with a certain amount
of roughage nod grain at the barn. of disinfectant, such as is ueetl on flit!
and no visible .derangement of the farms, added to the white -wash, in
stomach or bowels result, but this order to elilnintlte as much 05 pox -I
proves nothing as to the value of the Bible any disease which may be pre -1
frosted clover. It merely proves sent,
that under certain conditions it is not I Sceond--See that there are as many)
deadly, and may be used with im- windows as possible in your buildings:
purity. But when animals have no and that the glass is tight in all of
other feed than frozen clover we have , them, for there is no better preventive,
conditions that will be followed by de- of disease than plenty of light. If it is,
rangemsnt of digestion, which may be is not possible to hare e double windows
evident from forms of coli1 and acute for al' y'.11i1' stables be sure to use
indigestion, followed in due course by what you have on windows on the
scours, constipation or severe• Wiliam- nor'tit side in order to conserve heat.
nation of the bowels. Science has Third—Ventilation is one of -the
been unable to explain just how frost must important things in live stock
affects the digestibility of clover indu'try. and 11ttett,n!1tely, one that
plants. But we do know that when there is not enough -tress laid upon,
frost gets in its work, the aroma, the for without proper vf nti'ation, it is
juices and the gums change and even- practically imposinIre to get the good,l
tually disappear, leaving only the healthy development nn 1 benefit from
skeleton or woody fibre. There is a Seed consumed tart' we sheold have lei
rapid passing of the plant from its our live stock.
perfected growth back to earth and Fourth—it is also very important
atmosphere, where it originally came to see that all hoarding is tightly nail -1
The 'feeding value of the plant de- ed down and all cracks closed in order
clines rapidly as these nutritive juices to keep as uniform a temperature as
and gums change or are dissipated. possible and prevent drafts which are
The clover plant in full maturity very detrimental to our live stock ate
not only contains the largest per cent. certain tines.
of nutrients, but it contains them in The Experimental Farm system is]
1
the form and quantity beat suited to pleased at all times to forward bul-
the requirements of the animal's diges- letins of farm buildings, ventilation,)
titre system. All departures from this etc., also answer quellYtons and help
perfection of feeding value tends to prepare plans of such buildings as
depreciation until it arrives at a point may be required on your farms.
Treatment For Fall Colds.
1. Clean dry, comfortable quarters
should be provided, free from drafts
2. Disinfect house with a five per
cent, solution of formalin or some
good coal tar product.
3. Wash heads of the affected birds
with two per cent, solution of potas-1
slum permanganate and also put en-
ough in the drinking water to give
it a deep claret wine color. (Potas-
sium permanganate can be seeured
from any druggist, An ounce or two
will probably be sufficient). For
drinking purposes use about what can
be placed on a five -cent piece to a
gallon of water. Remove all other
sources of water supply.
4, Feed plenty of good wholesome
grains and a mash (wet) of bran mid-
dlings, corn meal and meat scraps, us-
ing about a teaspoonful of mustard
to each twelve chicks, The mustard
has a stimulating effect, and also acts
as an appetizer.
e
Two representatives of the Belgian
Department of Agriculture, Dr. G.
\'anderheyden and Dr. H. Holermans,
are now touring Canada looking for
Holstein -Friesian r'iesian cattle and Belgian
horses, in anticipation of purchasing
at the close of the war. These gen-
tlemen have already visited a consid-
erable number of the best Holstein
horde in Eastern Canada, and express
themselves as very much pleased with
what they have seen. They are
looking for type, size, constitution and
production, and breeders will do well
to remember that these are qualities
that `must not be neglected if we are
to build up an export trade with Bel-
gium, Holland, Great Britain, South
Africa and New Zealand, All these
countries are likely buyers of Cana-
dian Holsteins when shipping facilities
are again available, and owners of the
right sort of cattle will be in a posi-
tion to do a profitable business. It is
worthy of note that all theseocountl'les
prefer animals rather dark in color,
the American fad for light Colors
never having made any headway
abroad,
Calves that are weakly are best
ilstrated later than the more robust
youngsters. In the ordinary calf they
may Safely be operated on when a
week ox; tilt days old.
If it is natural for the cow to give
milk right up to the time for dropping;
her calf, it will mean a detriment toj
her 1f she is checked in the milk flow»
If her natural course is to go dry, it'
will mean a deranged system if she!
is forced to produce milk.
1
Beekeeping Wiih a Capital "B".
Too ninch emphasis can not be plat-,
ed upon the importance of giving the
colonies a thorough overhauling dur-I
ing early October, so that they will be:
in good shape for winter, It is far
better to build them up strong now i
and see that they have ample stores
for winter than to try to feed them'
in cold weather, along in November,
In some localities goldenrod, asters;
,and buckwheat furnish abundant for-,
age for bees during September and;
October. It is astonishing how much
nectar the colonies will store from'
the fall bloom even where in some in-
stances they have secured practically)
nothing from the early flow, This is 1
evident where buekwllear is extensive -1
ly grown.
Go over every colony as early asj
possible in October, and where one is
lacking strength, give it some framed
of sealed brood from stronger ones.i
When needed, some frames full of
sealed honey may be transferred.
Bees that go into winter quarters
with an abundance of honey are usu-
ally the ones that winter well, They
need no feeding in the spring, for at
Ithat time they have sufficient stores
with which to rear much brood for
the early flow from the clovers,
It is beat to strengthen the colonies
with both bees and stores while the
weather is warm.
No Skirt Hanger.
Fold the ekirt directly in the
middle of the front and back
breadths, then fold again, keeping
the band even. Run a long hatpin
through the band and slip the pin
over a hook or nail,
"It is not Love that gives the clearest
sight,
For out of bitter tears.. and tears un-
shed--
Riseth the rainbow of sorrow over-
head
And 'heath the rainbow is the clearest
light, 0
Where silos are carefully filled, so
that all air is excluded, 'there will be
little trouble or 1080 fg2?g inotlld.
Nest, Boxes For The lairds.
Before the leaves fall is the best
time to choose the spots where the
new nest -boxes are to be hong. If
this is left until Spring they must
be up before the leaves are oust of
if they ars to be in time for the
occupants, and it is then very difficult l
to tell whether the spot chosen will
be too shaded when the foliage has
grown.
Possibly, however, the most import -t
ant thing to consider first is the 1111-!
portance of these nest -boxes. Sol
many have said: "We cannot stop to
think about birds in war time." If;
one Would stop to consider one would'
realize that the war ha:; made the
protection of birds all the more im-I
portant. Innumerable instances
might he given of the good they have
done in saving crops from destruc-
tiun by insects. Perhaps what would!
seem just now the most timely bene -1
fit is their lessening the need for
spraying and -much of the spray ma-
terial is used for various war pur-
poses.
One of the best authorities on birds
has made the statement, after very
careful observations, that if it were
aot for vireos, warblers, chickadees,
kinglets, wrens and nuthatches, the
insects destroyed by these small birds
would quickly destroy our forests and
set at naught the best work of the
fruitgrower. The bluebird also has an
excellent record as an insect destroy-
er, and of this bird a noted scientist
has said: "One hundred bluebirds at'
even thirty insects a day (and they
would devour many more) would eat
in eight months about seven hundred
and sixty thousand insects. If these
birds were destroyed or driven away
the result would be the preservation
on the territory where these birds
would have nested of about seventy
thousand moths and caterpillars (a
large proportion of these cutworms),
twenty thousand leaf hoppers, ten
thousand carculios, and sixty-five
thousand locusts and grasshoppers.
What injury such a horde of insects.
could bring to the farms and gardens!
And the bluebirds, the destroyers of
those pests fatal to oar vegetable life,
can be attracted to any spot by suit-
able nest -boxes hung in suitable places
and protected from dangers. Is it
not time well spent?
Many of the small birds that work
among the trees literally saving our
forests every year,can also be attract-
ed by suitable nest -boxes. The natural
home of the chicadee and the nuthatch
is a hollow tree, not an easy thing
to find about most orchards now, but
a nest -box made out of an old log
with an egg-shaped oval snooped out
is almost sure to attract them, As
to the invaluable little wren almost
any sort of a nest -box avill satisfy it,
and no tenant will pay better rent for
the value received,
A Prayer for the World's Rebuilders.
We send them off to school again to-
day,
This cool September morning.
All the street
is musical with patter of small feet
And little, shining faces all the way
Seem wayside posies for our smiles
to greet.
I wonder if they ever guess or know
With What strange tenderness we
watch them go?
Just children on their way to school
again?
Nay, it is ours to watch a greater
. thing—
These aro the
World's Rebuilders,
these must bring
Order to chaos, comforting to pain,
and light in bluetcrl fields new fires
of psr'ing. •
Dear Lord, Thy childish hands were
weak and small,
Yet had they power to clasp Ihe
world withal,
Grant these, Thy little kindred,
strength as true—
They have so much to learn, en much
to do!
You can't eat reheat anti ship 11,
GOOD IlEALTH QUESTION BOX
•
34' Andrew le. Currrer, MD,
Ilr, currier will aaewer 911 Finned lettere pretalning to Health. Ji your
tuestlon is of general interest it wilt be answered through these colulaael
If not, It trill be enxwcred pereomelly if stamped, addressed envelops Is 011•
Closed. 1A•. Currier will 001 preeerthe for 1nd1v1dulal 011508 01' deeps dlageoels.
Address )7r, Andrew 11", Currier, caro taf WJauaa 1'ub'llakdoe Dee 73 Adelaide
et. West, 'Toronto
+
The Sin est" (jneekery.
There is a vials of moil calling
themselves doctor, and hanging out
their sign t10 :mels, who pose as ape-
cialists in certain disorders which 111'0
MT COM/11011 among young 00011, but
are not nearly so serious in the maj-
ority of ('11011.; as they are represent-
ed to he,
They 1115 0, as 1 have very good res
son to believe, find diseases, particu-
laely in the sexual organs of young
men, wllielt do not exist.
But because they impose aeon
these young 1ne1) and tell then they
have serious, exhausting and perhaps
fatal diseases, they frighten them be-
gond measure and extort from them
large slime of money.
When they have drained their vie-
ti1110 of their pecuniary resources
their interest In their welfare coaxes.
IP a rejected young elan can pos-
sibly raise more money he may be
taken in by another sharper of the
same kind.
When hts money is all gone he per-
haps awakens to the consciousness
that he has been duped, and he, is
fortunate if he at length realizes that
there '10 not and never has been any-
thing serious the platter with him,
and goes about his business with less
and loss worry about imaginary ail-
ments and their serious significance.
I am 110t now referring to the ven-
ereal diseases, those are certainly as
bad as they can be painted, and there
is a class of quacks' which feast and
fatten upon them, they may or may
not be distinct from those to whom
I have been referring.
I have many times received letters
from the victims of the quacks and
charlatans to whom I am calling at-
tention, asking me to advise them.
One of these bearing the essential
marks of genuineness was from a man
who said he was 23, was in great dis-
tress of mind and body and had been
told by a so-called doctor whose name
and address he gave, that he was suf-
fering from varl.ose veins -anti dis-
ease of the prostate gland.
This quack got $40 out of him for
three months treatment, he then -told
If Yon Want the Highest Market Prices
Snip all your
He had boon imposer$ twit by a
eerie% of advertising quacks, he lnla-
glneci he was suffering and every
time he visited ('Vie of the quacks -fuel
was added to the name;
Varicose veins may come to any-
horly but that they should rause suoh
dire distress as was depleted in the
literature vv"hit'To utile poor vletifn
sent me, while coneol'vable, is possible
only ire rare instances.
The story was a fraud and an im-
position; The other disease, while
possible in a man of 23 is almost ex•
elusively confined' to advanced life.
The,metlieincro which these mer( gist,
are probably the least harmful part
of (hair treatment, It is more than
likely that their only value is in their
appeal to the imagination.
If they were to deal with powerful
drugs, tho drug% would be too .expen-
sive and they might do serious harm
to the victim which would hurt the
sharper's business in either ease.
That such men should perform sur -
gloat operations when operations are
not called for or required is one of the
causes for the disrepute of legitimate
surgery among large numbers of peo-
ple.
It has led to mutilations and dis-
figurements and loss' of function In
countless cases which were entirely
inexcusable.
Two hundred dollars of the earnings
of a clerk or book-keeper or profes-
sional man means a good deal of
money, and -to throw it away in thie
fashion is worse than speculation in
stocks. It would be well if every
community where this evil abounds
would take pains to get rid of it.
_ •1 The Origin of Conscription.
The Athenians had a mode of ulms-
versal military training snore like
that of modern Europe than were
most of the other military training
schemes of the ancient world. Every
i Athenian youth was compelled to do
two years of garrison duty at Pir-
aeus, the Port of Athens.
IIRata 5 pol,
et. Ott� ystn
PAATFIA
i-11pheot POloeir Itilffcr
trtupt Iiotl•Wne—dripOonUESIStgtt'
P. POULIN & CO.
9 U949e00slrul'*a4et . 4r0nt1991
The Gentle Behnke,
When A wealthy man %110' 4055
stopping at a Florida hotel neglected
to inquire the lintelrates, the pro-
prietor took advantage of the over-
eIght, and at the guest's departure
presented an exorbitant bill,
The -guest, however, paid without
a murmur, Then, ho said, as he fold-
ed up the receipt in his wallet:
"By the way, have you any two.
cent stamps?"
"Yes, sir," said the ,proprietors
"How many Would you like?"
"Well," tttlswerod the guest, cau-
tiously, "]tow much are they apiece?"
Neither France nor Italy uouh
continue the war without British coal
LT
of ail' kinds.
Better quality preferred.
Write for piques.
STANFORD's0 IUrnl ted
128, Mansfield, St. - - Mo.ntreadi �.
°901,
Market Reverts,
S+.at,rly Cetalo3,
Gen. Law.e.
'E1'appperr (lassie lir
This is SobgoiTs00001' the biggest
years for trappers and fur shippers ever
lcnown. More furs needed—fewer meta to
(rap. Get ready early for blg money.
Look overyour traps and supplies slow.
Get our FI(.10 BOOK—Supply, Catalog,
OarneLawsendTrappin $secrets•-atlthree
in one book, Shows furs In natural col -
ars. Factory 011505 on traps, 5150k010,
etc. Write today -sure!
05050811 5005, w (10.
e40, tutu,an'te's fur Cx4.4, 00
1314E ss t1 LI I s,
he must have $75 for an operation,.
but as the patient did not Have the
money he was obliged to dispense
with the operation.
To sum up he had paid $200, up to
the time when he wrote me, was then
out of. work, was suffering unbear-
able pain, as he said, and begged me
to tell him where' he could have an
operation performed to be paid for
when he could get work.
Of course with this man and with
many -others who have written simi-
lar letters the disease was mainly in
his mind.
to use -no 11081(er what quantity
We guarantee satisfaction and pay all express chargeg
ABBEY FUR COMPANY LOUIS Ma aprtTOH
(In business Cor 30 years)
310 ST. PAUL ST. W. • - - - MONTREAL, P.Q.
Reference, Bank of Hochelaga, St. Fleury, Montreal,
Cerrecl s yle worn by well dressed young men in all localit'es. Lace boot—mod'um
1 acro o recede toe, ew heel—made it black, an 0r patent Gulf. Prace, fty,0o to $ro.00.
Style—Plus Service at
Fair Price
THE style illustrated above is one that is largelypreferred by
Canadian business men—especially young men. It has the
medium long vamp and narrow, somewhat pointed toe
which gives the foot a slim and "dressy" appearance, without
being extreme 'in style. Those who like this type of shoe will find
it thoroughly satisfactory in fitting qualities and a comfortable
easy shoe to walk in. .
This style can be obtained in. several grades of black and tan.
The price range --47 to $xo—considering the present leather
market, is extremely moderate..
Next spring a shoe of the same wearing qualities will cost
from ten to twenty per cent more. It would cost more now except
for the fact that the resources of this company enable us to cover
our needs well in advance,
A.H.M. War -Pima Selections gifer special Service Value
for Men, Women and Children. Ask your dealer for them.
AMES HOLDEN McCREADY
ST. JOHN -.J- ASONTROAL
e:sriz r.
LlMlTEn
1"Slloenznkers to the Nation"
TORONTO r WINNIPEG EDMONTON VANCOVVCR
When you buy Shoes look for-
.. -this Trade -,.hark eit.overy dole
Ha1,�,. 117ML'-75.Y!CAM1:r�'SIHf.T
16
out'.. LE:vas mEJ7Cs
NAYETDRIN ST UDEN c'
"'Yon noticed. t1ti'a't youngfeller-front
the city that's been boarviiu' with, me
a' spell 'this. summer,. Martha' lake*
Mr: Lewis 05 he wound his reinrt-
round the whipstock anld disposed.
himself sidewise upon the seat of ids•
"porter wagon,o
"I've seer, hirn once 0r•- tw)ea;" ad-
mitted Mr, Martin, "I''uet time was
day or two after he got here---'mebbe
'twas a. week, IIe looked !rind of, '•ee
bunged up to me. That was one
time. And the next time I saw him
was do vn to the post oIfiee one inorn-
111'. He walked bind of lame that day.
-
Whet's been the matter with him?"
NIr. Lewis grinned a little ruefully.
"Wheel he come," he said, "he was
goin' to stay all summer and write a•
book. 1 -le was some kind' of 9,1
501'lltltt, so he told us. He'd studied'
up things in the schools in the. cities,
Mid now he'd got to the p'int where
he was goin' to jest move into the
country, where he'd have a Chance t0
obset've- things at fust-haled--that'it
what he told me and my wiJ'e---mid'
nialce notes of all he saw, and' then
he'd be all cocked and pruned, neat''%
I could gather; to wrlte•ell about 'me."'
"Weil, why dithtnt he stay and do.
it?" demended the practical:
tin.
1Vfr, fewis grinned again 91 fetndl or
got the notion' from what Pre seen of
him in the past three weelts,"x ire said;
"that in one way and' 'bother he'k.
picked up enough: infbrnatibn to, last.
him- a con5id'able limo, such 010 `tis.
But 1 don't• beliieve• m'uch of WIT ever
get printed in any book h'a'il' be likes,
ly to write," he added.
"What kind' of information?"' welt-
ed Mr, Martin',. impatiently.
"Well," said Mr Lewis, easily,. "•C
d'know's I can insl.e it plain to' you
any easier'n to tell you some of the'
things ]re's learnt. Yost place., 0110'
of the things he was sharp sot on was,
the `wild flora' that grew round' horror
he tot' me he meant by that the wiT1,f
.flowers of the fieids. f tot' Min tl'ralr
I'd farmed most fifty years but I'd
never come across any weed of that
name, fur's i could remember. He
smiled at me 'sir t didn't know much
and Col' n10 he'd show me -and' the
next day he was good's his word. Ile
come home 'bout noon with his hands
and arms full of 0110. kind of truck
and 'nether, anti ground hie neck he
had 'nough p'ison ivy to fill a meal
bag; he explained to us that IL was a
very pretty vine, and he'll brought it ,4
along to compare with his book and.
find out what it was, and 'he'd draped
it round his neck so he could carry
it easy, his hands bein'- full. The
next day he was somethin' to look at:
his eyes was abut tight and his face
all swelled out of stelae, from that ivy.
That was when you thought ho looked
kind of bunged up, I guess."
Mr. Martin nodded.
` 'Nother thing he was sot en
Join'," Mr. Lewis continued, "was to
get 'quaintad with the small animals
in the woods hereabouts. • He knew
'est Perfectly from books, he said, but
he wanted some fust -hand knowledge
—and he managed to get some.
"He conte Ilnlpin' into tate house one
clay, Lakin' on bad. Seems what he
took to be a woodchuck turned out to
be a hedgehog, and when he under-
took to stir it up a mite with
foot, lie got Ms leg full -of spines, I
took him on the grain chest in the
barn and pulled "inn out with pliers,
and every 04 I drawed he'd yelp like
a fox cub. You say he went a mite
lame that day down to the post of-
fice? Well, that was why 11e did.
r'I kind of thought that would tante
hits down and keep him from ntod-
dlin' with things he didn't know about,
and it did for a spell; but yesterday
be come •chargin' down out of the
pasttn•', wavin' his arms and battin'
with his hat. He told me he'd -found
some 'fungoid' growth on a, tree, but
jest as he got ready to pick it some
inset' attacked him, and he had to
quit. But he wanted that 'fungoid'
—from what he said I thought it was
some kind of toadstool—and wanted
I should go with him and got it. I
made up my mind he'd rftobbe trod on
a ground wasp's nest, and by goln'
round the other side of the tree we'd Ale
steer clear of it.
"But when we got to the tree and
he printed it out, I see what it was, --
a hornet's nest as big as e. peck mea-
aure,—and while I was tryin' to think
of what to call him, I'm a sinner if he
didn't walk up and try to pick it off
with his hands'
"No," said Mr. Lewis in response
to a look, "I didn't wait to see what
happened; I put off 'cross thaj; jtt�n"
Cur' faster'n a man as old en fat's
be ought to run, I'g0t one look at
at 'syel'ntist' a I was astertin' and his,,
eenlea to lie in a kind of fog o:l
omits, bu he Wa rennin' 1 'F
radnit Igil Into the brook all ovtr,
d'dtnow but vs at tahey'ci have stud
him to death. And this mornin' ho
started for tome.
"tis coma fro the country to learn;"
said Mr, Lewis as 'le took up his reins,
"and he did learn. But, as I said,
I don't believe he'll 'foal to write a
book about it!"
--
"If ybt11' foot sjip you may reCOv-
w .:01!Eb+111n,
r " lit If your tongue
slp, you cannot -r001111 your words."
The end will come, 'anti this much- aa.,
h
Pilot :1:1).010:11:6„,:reeti:;:pea:C1,11:.::::teri:ahrili nd a fuller birth.
Allan d�ut Nature will re.
,.ins raise a 110bler
And 7
11