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The Seaforth News, 1918-06-13, Page 6avi el pd Ph • Be' Agronomist,. - 'lhfa Qwho went the adults o apartment is for the use of our farm readers s tion e •' fan expert on any question regarding soil, Geed, crops, etc, If your poop 1t to.ts re aufficiont general interest, it will be answered through this column. z ieeempod and addressed envelope is enclosed with your letter, a eomPeese _ :tins y" Will be mailed to you. Address Agronomist, care of Wilson Peellawns . :try" 78 Adelaide St. W., Toronto. im s t GIVING NEW -GROUND POTATOES THE RIGHT START. m: "'Who knows best how to raise a blank hills occasionally; and second, ee good crop o£ potatoes on now because the larger piece of send gives ground?" i have raised a,great many the plant a quicker and moreevigorone crops of potatoes and I invariably start. If small potatoes must be used plant them on my new land. I have I would plant then{ whole or cut once triedin outandtwo, tr et ods manydifle nt m h e How We Cultivate The etyle of cultivator used depends upon the condition of the land and the equipment of the farmer, We gen- erally use a riding cultivator; but when there are stumps or stones in Ge td l believe that. I have arrived at a very close approach to perfection in this field; therefore, I respectfully otic' what follows in my Answer to the question at the head of this para- graph. It is hard to do a good job of plow- the way ar the ground is too rough, ittg on new ground because it is usual- a regular five -tooth adjustable mal- ty rough and contains a more or less eater is the proper thing to use. With bounteous crop of roots and snags; this style of cultivator we always go but anything that is worth doing at twice -ht -a -•row, that is, we eultivate all is worth doing well; I always take both sides of each individual row. If some pains and do ae good a lob as the soil is very heavy the crop should passible. be laid by with a. double -shovel plow Preparing the Land just before the plants commence to Having the ground plowed, the next blow. This stirs the soil deeper than tee%• is the harrowing; on this point before and gives the hill plenty of I event to place special emphasis, be- cause many a crop lsdoomed to failure, or diminutive returns, because the seed bed was not properly prepared. In the case of a heavy June grass sod The matter of spraying is quite as a disc is necessary to cut it up; the important as any other step in the disc should be followed by a spring- production of the crop. I always tooth harrow to mellow the ground. strive to prevent the bugs from get - My experience has been that usually , ting a good start, especially just bo- a dine was not needed on new ground, fore the plants blow, as the little because there was more briers and tubers are setting on about that time. roots than sod. I use a steel framed It stands to reason that if the vitality harrow with adjustable teeth and the is sapped from the plant at this first time over the ground I set the critical period there will be fewer teeth rather light; this picks up the tubers set on and they will not be so most of the loose roots; the second vigorous as they will in the case of a time I set them a little deeper and the healthy plant. las, tine e'er the ground I go corner- I graduated from Paris green sew - wise of the field, whish makes the eral years ago, both because of the marking out easy 11' the ground is quality of work obtained and the mat - not very rough theme narrowings will ter of expense. I use nothing but do. but I usually go over the land five' arsenate of lead. The arsenate of or six times; work spent in preparing. lead does its work most thoroughly the seed bed is not lot. The first when properly applied and there is time over I roller/ the furrows, and no danger of damaging the plants by thus arced turning any of them hack,' using too much, as is the case with as a'oald likely be the ease if the liar- Paris green; the lead stays on the row were dragged cross -wire. plant indefinitely while the Paris There are usually little hunmtocks, green washes off with the first rain. made by trees tip -rooting years ago, Use Lead in Paste Form we eall titese "cradle knolls." To level I prefer the lead in the paste form; of a cradle knoll I stop the team just I place two to three tablespoonfuls in at the base of it and put my harrow a twelve -quart pail and fill it with wa- teeth (loon to the last notch, then I ter, then stir until the lead is all dis- siar,l or, he frame and pull through solved; I apply with a whisk -broom T}:ie sakes of the top of the knell and, and keep constantly stirring the solu- occeeeieg again and raising the teeth, tion while I am applying it. we- on to the nett one. A few I wait until the first crop of young rionni of this will level off the knolls bugs begin to hatch and then I apply ane pct the ground in pretty good' freely to every hill, being careful to shape. get the dope well into the centre or I'attiin; in the Seed ' heart of the plant, as here is where :be ee-;t step 15 the planting, While the young bugs first congregate; 1 the de i'1 teethed works very well in old treat every hill the same whether gaoled, I prefer planting in checks in there are any bugs in it or not. When new ground for two reasons: First, I am done the potato patch looks as the :oil can be thoroughly stirred if it had been whitewashed; the bug areeed the hill, promoting a healthy troubles is ended for some tine. If expansion of the tuber -cluster and there are no other potatoes near this killing the briers and grass that would one application is all that is required; otherwise line the rows. Second: but if your neighbor neglects his bugs When the crop is harvested there is they will often invade your crop and no living; thing in sight; the wild necessitate another application later grew the have been thoroughly sub- on. I have never had to use more duel and they field is in excellent shape than two applications and usually For any crop that I want to plant the only one. Last year I raised a patch following year. of potatoes in an isolated spot and Ae to seed: I always plant the nice treated them in this manner; after a -est i:•et.atoes that I bave, cutting the period of two weeks I carefully ex - see.? to Iwo eyes and planting one ambled the plants and failed to find a piece in a hill; this is better than cut- single bug, young or old, in the whole ting to one eye; first, because it ell- patch; and I didn't see another one mustss the possibility of having during the rest of the season. roost. If properly done, there will be no need of hitting thein up. Good Spraying Necessary The Horse's Collar. 's%lou fitting a horse with a collar, tl e animal should be standing in a natural position on level ground, with his head held at the height maintain- ed while at work, The collar when beekled should fit snugly to the side of the reek, and its face should follow eio'aly and be in even contact with the surface of the shoulders, from the top of the withers to the region of his throat. At the throat there should be enough root. for a man's hand to he inserted inside the collar. The style of horse collars are create ed m mtiy by the use of different ma -e terials in their construction, Such material:: as heavy duck, ticking, and leather are used either alone or in verities combinations, it A11 -metal collars may also be bought. The stuffing used in horse collars is coarse material, Buell as rye straw, curled hair, and cotton fibre. The all -leather collar stuffed with seasoned rye straw, with a layer of curled hair itt the facing, is a satisfac- tory kind. The cost is somewhat greater than on the collar made wholly of duck or ticking with cheaper stuffing, but the service given by this collar Is usually so far ahead of the latter that the all -leather collar proves to he the cheapest in the end. The collar selected should be exam- ined carefully every time it is going to be used. All dirt and sweat found on the face of the collar should be cleaned off and the surface which comes into actual contact with the neck and shoulder should always be Femooth and hard„ In order to revent gulls fiord more garrliermaTee serious conditions, it is not enough to give careful attention to the selection of the collar. The shoulder of the horse should always be washed and given special care when the animal is at heavy work. If the selection of the collar has been properly made and ail of the other things in regard to this piece of harness looked after, the care of the animal's shoulder is a simple process. Under these conditions washing the shoulder with soap and pure water, after the harness has been removed at the end of a clay's work, and thoroughly drying the parts by rub- bing them with clean cloths is all that is necessary. The colt that is being broken to work in the spring should be stared in on Iight draft while the weather is still cool, so that his shoulders as well as the rest of his body may be toughened and put in geed working condition before the hot summer weather. Other common causes for diseased neck and shoulders on a horse where preventive measures should also be applied are implements with excessive tough weights or excessive move- ments in the tongue when the imple- ment is being drawn, side draft of free -going animal hitched to a slow or lazy one, walking on a ridge or fur- row that is too narrow, which may cause the animal to slip constantly or side-step, and in this way injure his shoulder, I11 addition to this the neck and shoulder are exposed to the usual mechanical or accidental injuries, About 25 per cent, of the flax seed- ing in Saskatchewan will be done on new breaking. "Remove all suckers of the lilac which dement early in the spring about the parent pleat. The location of the brooder is ten important consideration. It should fate the south, lo order to receive the full benefit of the sun, for old King Sol is a great friend to newly hatched chicks. And it should be situated ort a wall -drained site, free from depres- sions which are likely to collect pools of water following rainstorms. If puddles form the chicks are almost certain to wade in thein. Strangely enough, water has a pe- culiar fulmination for chicks, in Spite to them -ander' most circumstances, For example, fallowing a thunder- ator'irt, especially toward evening, a brood will scamper outdoors and com- mence wading in the puddles or go trudging through the wet grass and weeds. In a few moments they are wet and bedraggled, chided to the bone and utterly miserable, Tim strongest will find their way back to the brooder and dry off, but the weals ones become confused, shiver and chirp for help and quickly perish, Until they have received their first coat of feathers, chicks cannot with- stand a wetting without grave dan- gers, hence the attendant must lay his safety plans accordingly. There is generally a certain per- centage of the brood too stupid or too reckless to seek the shelter of the brooder at the approach of a storm. Instead, they seek some temporary shelter. If the brooder is raised above the ground they are likely to go under it. This makes a good refuge, if the spot on which the building stands is well drained. Frequently, however, the site quickly forms a puddle, in which event the chicks under the brooder are apt to fill a watery grave. Since the majority of thunder show- ers take place toward evening it is a good plan to be on the lookout for then. If one is approaching, feed the brood is little earlier, if need be, in order to get them inside the brooder, and then coniine the ehieks for the night, Otherwise ie the strrmhengs on until dark one the chicks are scat- tered abont the p,emises, they will not find thein' way to the brooder, or, if they so do, it will be at •the expense of getting wet. :Sudden reinstorrne take a heavy toll of ehieks each year, Sharp Carden Tools. Where the garden itself is not high- ly esteemed, the tools will be poor as a matter of course, But even people who think a lot of their g€erdens arc sometimes very eat'eless about the eondition of their tools. The proverb says, "If the iron be blunt, then must he put to it the mare strength." Sharp tools greatly econo- mize strength, I find that sharp bright tools that arc tight to their handles add to the enjoyment one fins in his work. To have a hoe slip -readily through the soil, doing a nice clean job, contributes to one's self-respect and makes him proud of the work he is doing. If the hoes, spades, weed- ers, and other tools are once put in good shape, they can be easily kept sharp by the occasional use of a file; and with an old kitchen knife the rusty places can be scraped clean so that they will soon scour smooth, By all means, let us furnish the boys with good sharp tools and show them how they can be used to best advantage and kept in order, Nothing so depresses a boy and disgusts him with gardening and farming as to be compelled to use dull and unsuitable tools. GOOD HEALTH QUESTION BOX By Andrew F. Currier, M.D. Dr. Currier will answer all signed question is of general interest it will If not, it will be answered personally closed. Dr. Currier will not prescribe Address Dr. Andrew F. Currier. care Et. West, Toronto. Hair Remedies. Civilization is responsible for bald heads. There may be diseases of the hairy scalp among savages, and others who never wear any head cov- ering, owering, but I do not remember to have seen any account of them. Certainly, savages shave the hair from their heads, for what we call "cosmetic effect" or perhaps for fear it may fall out from diseases. But snob diseases as fevers, which result in loss of hair, are not very common among then' as long as they are free from the vices and restraints of civilization. We can therefore say that baldness is one of the ills which has come with social development. Dandruff often causes baldness and means an excessive supply of the oily, greasy substance provided by the sebaceous glands to keep -the hair smooth and soft under normal con- ditions. When it is very abundant in the form of dry scales, or small oily lumps, it loosens the attachment of the root of the hair to its follicle, and the hair falls out or may be easily pulled out. If there is an insufficiency of 'this same oily material, -the hair becomes dry and. ribtle and breaks or splits off. There are numerous diseases of the scalp in which the hair is lost. When these diseases are cured, the hair will grow again in some cases, and in others it will not, its root struc- ture having been destroyed. The treatment of these diseases is an important branch of dermatology, and includes the treatment of baldness and diseased structure of the hair and its surounding tissues. Some of the preparations which have been advertised and used as hair remedies, have stood the test of years, letters pertaining to Health. It your be answered through these columns; 1f stamped, addressed envelope Is en. for individual cases or maks diagnosis. of Wilson Publishing Co., 73 Adelaide and this is not, an unimportant test in determining their value. If, after using such a preparation a few weeks, the hair gets longer and thicker oe grows where it previously was obsent, and if dandruff disap- pears, it is fair to say the prepara- bion used had something to do with it. Fashions in hair remedies change, like fashions in clothes. A few years ago, pomades and oils for the hair were popular, and oiled and scented ringlets were marks of beauty. Such overdosing of the hair and sur- rounding tissues, probably caused much baldness, and perhaps that is why it was given up. Hair that is dry and brittle needs oil; hair that is normal does not. Bair that is greasy from too much seba- ceous matter, needs an astringent to dry up the excessive secretion. Simple, diluted alcohol or bay rum will do this as well as expensive lot- ions and tonics. If the hair has fallen out, and the root structure is not dead, stimulant substances, like cantharides or mus- tard or mix vomica, will often start a new growth and hair tonics contain- ing these substances may be useful. If the matrix and tate sebaceous glands connected with the hair struc- tures are dead, no tonic will revive them. The treating of the hair, even by those who are skilled, is therefore in many cases a matter of experiment and it is wiser 'to get the opinion of a dermatologist as to what may be use- ful, than to depend upon one's own opinion or the recommendation of friends. A. D,—Answer—This growth which you refer to, is called a "poly -pus," and is often accompanied by hemorr- hage, I would advise you to go to a specialist in the diseases of women and have it removed. Usually the operation is not a difficult one. rumrd CoT .6., AND FOLD ON DOTTED ,LIN6✓5 Willie saw this funny sign, And thought it very silly, Until he folded it and fount The letters stood for WILI,II1. A Vital Necessity Peace or War THE operations of Hydro -Electric and Public Utility Companies are a vital necessity to the industrial and socia] wel- fare of Canada, and are as essential in times of peace as in war, This is one of the reasons we recom- mend the Bonds of well-managed Hydro- Electric and Public Utility Companies nerving growing communities. Send for list of Hydro -Electric and Ptl.b- lle Utility Bonds yielding 6% to S%. NESBITT, THof zwv Investment Bankers Mercantile Trust Bldg. 222 ST, JAMES STREET COMPANY Limited Hamilton MONTREAL MOTHER -WISDOM 1hlow Careless We Have Veen With Our School Housekeeping! By Helen Johnson Keyes ings before the pupils arrive. The teacher 1s certainly eo't the parson of whom this labor should be expeoted, Almost every community is able tie furnish_ a strong girl or woman who will take pride in perforating this health service faibhfuIly and well for a suitable wage. Until this expense can be arranged for as a part of the school tax, all the parents represented in the school should share it among themselves. Not all sweeping and clusebing get rid of the dirt. The old-fashioned ldnd performed with a straw broom upon 11 dry surface, and a feather duster, merely seta 11 flying to alight in new places. Sweeping should be done witilt a bristle bruah and the floors covered wlbh wet sawdust, wet paper torn into bits, tea leaves, or other damp substance to which the dislodged dirt will ding and which can then be burned. A still better brush is the kind whose bristles are slowly fed from a little tank of lcero- sene (coal -oil). Very little dust can escape this weapon. A vacuum cleaner is by all means the most thorough cleaner there is, as will be seen when one is passed over a surface which is supposed to have been well cleaned al- ready and yet picks up a generous and dangerous mumty of dirt. The dusting of school furniture must be done with a damp or an oiled cloth. Dry dusting is merely a danc- ing party for the dirt! Slates have bean done away with in most adhools, because doctors have shown us how harmful is the sharp, gritty dust which crumbles from them, when it is breathed into the lungs. The ordinary plaster-of-Paris chalk is also injurious and should be re- placed by what is caned the duatless crayon, It is not quite dustless but is an improvement upon chalk. Still better is it to substitute for a black- board a paper roll known as a muro- scroll. One thousand feet of paper four feet wide revolves in a large, standing frame upon rollers turned by knobs. Play and gymnastics should take place out of doors whenever passible, for the feet ;stir up the dust which we wish to have lee quietly until the afternoon cleaning gets rid of it. When it is necessary to have recess and exercise indoors, tate windows should be wide open. If the schoolroom is cleaned every day and dusty implements are no longer used, not enough dint will be created during the daily session to do any harm, provided the room es con- thtually fed by fresh air from a win- dow open at the bottom and drained of the old air by a window open at the tap, or by some good patent ventilat- ing device. However, it must be kept in mind clearly that ventilation without clean- liness is not sutficient.A well -ventil- ated but dirty country sohoolltouse has been found to contain more dust per cubic foot than a city living -room which is olean. As the eity, of course, is far more dusty than the eonnlry, this shown the value of brush and ',loth and reminds us, as so many crn- dibiers remind us, that the natural ad- vantages offered by the country in the way of health must yet be added to by etobnal human care and precau- tions, help your boy to be a prize winner this year in some line -pigs, sheep, cora, or somabhing good. His whole life will be stronger for it. It is foolish to pay taxes to educate our children, if we the same time and in the same place we weaken them! and make them unhealthy so that they can not use to the fullest de- gree the education they receive. That; is like trying to fill a bucket which leaks. If we try to fill up our come munity with the most usefully educat- ed boys and girls, so that the next generation of fanners and farmers' wives will be the very best kind, and yet we leave a leaking hole in our: schools, through which boys and girls slip out, because they are ill, shall we ever succeed in getting our com- munities full to the very brim with strong, efficient workers? The leak in our school bucket is bad school housekeeping. There is just one way to mend tite hole—em- ploy people to keep our school'housee clean, It is less expensive than the waste of pouring education into chil- dren who are never going to be strong and many of whom will die, memos - sadly. Count up the number of hours your children spend in school. It amounts to about twelve hundred hours an- nually. Al sit half of their waking life for six or eight years --and long- er than that if they continue beyond the elementary grades --are spent in whatever atmosphere and conditions the school offers. Yet how careless 0e Do They Still Use The Dangerous Roller Towel? we have been of school housekeeping! The farm woman whose house shines from attic to cellar and from kttehen to parlor has yet"sent her children to schools which received only a yearly cleaning! The injury to health is due to dust breathed into the lunges. Dust is of two kinds: organic chest, that which is thrown off by human beings and all animal life; and inorganic or mineral dust. Organic dust is the kind whuieh car- ries germs; but we are finding out that disease is only occasionally con- veyed by the air, so that the part which this form of dust plays in ill - nese is no longer considered to be very great, It is inorganic, mineral dust, when thus becomes sharp and gritty, which is our real danger. Dust of this kind is blown in -at the windows and is brought in on the feet of the children and ground up into entail particles {upon the floorte Thon wleen it is stirred up and mixed Weell the edr it la breathed in, and it cuts and scratches the breathing passages and lungs, leaving upon them rough surfaces which are just what germs breed on. Colds, tuberoulosis and many of the children's diseases thus find an opportunity to develop. Black- boards, chalks and .elates also scatter these tiny, blade -like particles all ar'onml the rooms. Windows must be open and dust fly , in through them. Children must walk' to school and --until eve arse as polite' as the Japanese and leave our shoes outside—bring in tho dirt upon their feet. Blackboards and chalk are al- most necessary for school work, So what shall we do about it? j There is just one anweeer1 We mast employ conte one to sweep the school- house every aftetnaon when echo.,1 is dismis:soa end to duet it in the morn- ., 1 PfisasAISR-4 Partners who ship their wool direct to us get better prices than farmers who sell to the general store. who KhasAsold his lt ways, and note what he says - or, better still, write tis for one prices; they will show you how nuc$ you lose by selling to the General Store, We pay the highest pekes of any firm dealers in Canada tpPayment wool mitred the same dayiyuel is received, Ship ne your wool teeday.- ou will be assureiiofaatAs 5d elfremus, 2 GiRFR.]SAtit'3.$^=riz7nian:i rset:Oms'4ti9elr H. V. ANDREWS 4y_ '1;3 �CI-lUIIC'l l ST., 70ROlarr0 'F3t.11,-3,= G s s. -.t V3kdtd•"f..eatzkn.;r`mum SOME UllifflXPECTE0 • With the advent of tree in weather, email Andrea begin to appear hi gay IiLLIe Indian costumes treeeped with slashed fringe of the 0nn a or con- trasting material, All youngsters love Lo dr031 up, and the pleasing eon.. trust of the brown and red Is aepocial- ly admired. Just about the lime that these ger- meets stake their appearelnceaiewns are bump; raked null the wiitter'a re• fuse being cleared away, In a great mitny instances beefing dispose of Ellis rubbish, and the izoighborhood children love to flock .around and watch the :elames, So many serious burning accidents have occurred ' through the catching tiro of the fringes of the little children's suits that in some cities fire commissioners have issued warnings against them, Certain it is that mothers Ghouls recognize the possibility of danger and warn their children to keep away from 'bonfires, gas stoves or any other place where there is the least likeli- hood of the soft, dry strips of cloth becoming ignited, This is not n myth- ical danger, but one which should be recognized and guarded against, Not long ago a little girl lest her life while playing happily with a toy balloon. Toy balloons always de- light children's hearts and probably always will. As long as the rub- ber bags are filled with gee and fly at the end .of a string they are eadaebut when the ballonn breaks and the pret- ty toy is spoiled, the resourceful child is very likely to try to reinflato it if possible. This little girl sucked upon the piece of soft tubber. A portion of it broke off, lodged in her throat and choked her to death before relief could be given. We are told that is not the first occurrence of the kind, Children should be warned of the danger of sucking upon or blowing into sheets or pieces of thin rubber, least a portion of the light material be drawn into the air passages. A small child playing with a rub- ber band is not an unusual sight. The tot likes to see it stretch out and snap back to its original size. A Iittle girl stretched a rubber band beyond its endurance. It broke, flying out of her fingers --wed striking her across one eyc with a stinging blow. The in- jury to the delicate organ was such that she lost the sight of the eye. A baby boy was presented with a cute little woolly white dog eft a fond relative. The dog had heady, black eyes. Baby was left to play with the new toy for a few minutes while the mother left the room. Upon her re- turn she saw her baby in evident dis- tress. Something was hurting his mouth, Quick as a flash she slid her finger into one side of the baby's cheek and scooped out the disturbing article. It proved to be the eye of the toy dog, which was nothing more or less than a ehoebutton-like top with a sharp metal tack protruding from the back of it which anchored the • eye into the head. A hasty examina- tion showed that the other eye wee also loose and that even a• tiny child could easily pick it out. Children should be instructed that when a toy balloon is punctured it is to be thrown away; that they are to . keep at a reasonable distance front fireplaces and bonfires ai"111 times, and especially if wearing garments with fringes, and that simple things like elastic bands may injure them- selves or others, It is not safe to "trust to luck." 'Safety First" de- pends upon anticipating danger and steering clear of it. Preparedness eon- sists as much in ]mowing what not to do sometimes as the opposite. Beat Profits From Asparagus. Here in Ontario most small growers of asparagus fail to get the best pro- fits from this crop. These who make a specialty of asparagus and have tizeir grades uniform in length of bunches, butte of same size, and keep the green and white stalks unmixed, have, a distinct advantage in market - mg, The best profit comes, I find, from the smaller and more tender stalltsl, sold to more discriminauttngr buyers who have their preferences for green 7- -and white stalks. The general buying public ise content with the larger and coarsea,;bunches, which require longer to develop, but when the cutting is thus delayed the vigor of the plants is lessened. It has been my experience that a bunching equipment consisting of suit- able tables and racks for holding the assorted bunches, first-class tying ma- chines, and containers for 'holding the finished hunches, all conveniently are ranged, greatly facilitates getting the asparagus ready for market. This equipment we use in or out of doors, ..._ • rieesee' to wP 'i-li Or prvivI4 hiring. ria a "ze2e, ata.uk sour, leengy Ittus tit most profit. But when there is an opportunity to sett to summer campers we keep tutting until well through! July, 'elite plan requires w the beds to be renewed oftener, but by additional fertilizing and intensive culture several profitable crops are secured before the renewal of 1A,. beets aro necessary. --J. F. H. The deepest well in the world, 'e ready 7,368 feet deep, istow being chilled on a farms in WeselVirginia. For ten cents we can get an can that does not leak. .4 pit -pot hole will let out oil enough"in a leek days to pay for two or three vans; and what a suss it makes, tool -'"