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The Seaforth News, 1917-03-29, Page 2t d. \es, •� wi �,.y.• yiii --, _ TIIE ART OF GRAFTING, u ` arm lll�i!�5✓ ¢ aR 4 t!' (jo When in the spring the cap begins 1 t to move in the stock, be ready; this 'I3t"ia'��7n?i;1 aair aa.lft�,1�. Mw.cry-- , ...¢ it r P' Y Occurs early in the pilin] and cherry, +it ') fI , 7� 'Ri �'; 01-.04.M,-;"- 14iraw�wl and ]afar lu the pear and apple. Do �1i1�q�e�N�a11�� 0"Lr the grafting, if possible, on a mild Aay '�i'W ire'. , . F�' maw y duringshowery wenthar. The neces- �11 iaC7, c il}R i ' x .:wv a �a to � f'a Vile r.°}lufcyV�':Ion't't U4Yii Y mars tools are a chisel, or a thiak- COndueted by PaOfessor Henry y G. Bell. bladed knife or a grafting iron (with which to split open the stock after • The object of this department is to place at the ° it is sawed or smoothly with a fine - service of our farm readers the advice of an acknowl- tooth saw), a hammer or mallet to edged authority on all subjects pertaining to soils and a aid the splitting process, a very sharp e"9ps" knife to trim the scions, and a supply Address all questions to Professor Henry Q. Bell In r w -' of good grafting wax, Saw off a me of The Wilson Petbilehing Company, Limited, To. hat 4 branch at the dosirecl point, split the r01it0, and answers will appear In thls column In the 1: `� , •:;" stack a doesay down, and insert a .orctee in which they are received. As space le ]halted "a scion at littletanter edge—taking caro It is advisable where immediate reply Is necessary that 5 stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the ,g that thy,inner baric of the scion fits question, when the answer will be mailed direct, snugly and exactly against the inner _ ileztry t.;, ]cell, bark of the stock, This --together Z M, P.: --I have nurchused sail au (uetivu-- with the exclusion of air and moist- �4 - — -i t 3 helve corrected its condition s -e ---es, �`=" 'z=1 � 'r r v� ' tom' ` r t�W ^ c�B incl inns of 50 ora until a union results—constitutes o� �- »., ground limestone to ex..: that clover will thrive on it, but the secret of success, Trint the scions —."" ""T---_ -.:._-_._•_._ ---e-------'—'-'77.:,==="7»:77r77--17:7'="7:' Pelginetit with, How, when and where ; when You have added 200 to 300 wedge-shaped insert them accurately• mixte re into a vessel of cold water. d slta111 uslaply it Id get best results I j limme,dyou }havelizer givennuddition to available plant- the ,sidthe cehwhichtl comes trifle thicker on with Grease the hands 'with tallow, an intend to sow oats, barley, coin, sugar- food to the tiny clover crop •when the wax is cool pull it like taf- beets, clover and wsame heat, The land' sae ae just the the stack's bark, Lastly, apply graft- fy until It becomes light and smooth, you give thele milk to the ing wax. Each scion should be long It may then ire shaped into halls or Is 1111 under drained and fat] plowed 1 seeing ca}vas, and the restate from enough to have two of three buds. The ,sticks, and will keep indefinitely in except caro stubble and boot ground; isceding both the young barley and "spring of the cleft holds the scion a cool place. Paramno substituted for soil, good clay loam. Intend to clover crops should be quite. as appar- securely in place, and therefore tying beeswax 011.1(115 a harder as well as a OW, barley on coin et rbble land dfsced j elft as they are in god feeding of live- should be unnecessary, If both scions cheaper wax. up in theApiing and seed to rad clover.; stock, in a deft grow, one may Fater be cut An wet:—I would adviseyou to pickIsere is a substitute for graftin (�uestictt S. (`,;--Am thinking of away, out three acres of uniform corn stubble! sowing a couple of acres of beaus. wax that is much cheaper; Take coo land. Apply one ton of ground lime-! Ilow would they do on sod plowed i n When grafting lavge trees it is best mon putty, put it on good and this stone 10 the first acre and thoroughly; the spring? 'rho land ds sandy loam not to cut away too much of the tree and fill all the cavities smoothly disc• a in, in preparing the seed -bed for which has not been worked for quite a at onee; therefore a few secondary . Then take cloth, tear it in strips, win the barley Which is to be seeded to 'red while. Would sow the beano with a branches should be left untouched, it around the putty and tie it with clover: On the second acre which ten hoe drill. How deep should they and these, after the scions are thrift- I string. should lies right between one and three be planted and would the Common y growing, can gradually be • cut It is best to use scions which wer thoi-au •hly disc the land but do not white bean be all tight :: away the following years, Or, part of cut very early this spring or last fall Apply limestone and seed to barley and red elbvei'. On acre Na. 3, apply the upon spring plowed sod, if after plows year and the remainder the next, sank, remaining 1000 lbs- of ground lime- ing great care is taken to thoroughly ' Many a -worthless tree has thus been ee-- --- stone and disc up the land in prepare- disc and harrow the seed -bed, and pox- entirely Changed. I 111 spring, gather up the bones which tion for the grain seed. Just before sibly if the ground appears to be too; You cant graft n pear or an apple have accumulated during the winter seeding time, or a week or ten clays lu.rse to roll it and follow with a her-' en a cherry or plum tree, 01 vice and bur3 111001 at the roots of trees` after having worked the limestone into rowing. The point is that the turn versa. The stone fruits and the po-bushes, etc, They make excellent' fel the sutl, apply 200 to 000 pounds of a mg under of the heavy soca may make; mannas fruits are separate families• tillaer. fertilizer analyzing 2 to 0 t- ammonia the seed -bed too loose and actually iii- j and refuse to intermarry. I Dunt be in too big a hurry to in - and £, to 10 'i avath.bin phosphoric jure the water supply around the: The following formula for grafting, vest in a business venture that some acid. I.° your seed -drill has not a fer- growing plant. This man be avoid- wax will be found • satisfactory:• Melt i slick talker is promoting. It may Villein- drilling attachment, scatter the ed by thoroughly working the seed- 'together until thoroughly mixed four; turn out all right, but there is always fertilizer am evenly as possible over the bed into n compact bol still mellow pounds of resin, two pounds of bees- ; the possibility that you and your hard - acre and thoroughly harrow it into the form, . wax and a pound of tallow. Pour this earned cash are parting forever, grouacl'. Then SOW your barley and The general rule, in sowing seed, is red cleveras before. to put them not deeper than four times `-- - . -.-_ . �__ . — At -h;., vest thee weigh the results . their longest diameto:. This would ESSENTIALS n S FOR THE 'R.� from rime three individual acres separ- mean that the bean, shoui 1 net be; It it� L3lyglSat1 ately aid you will have a clear cemon- planted deeper than 25;; to 3 inches, stream. of, ---first, the value of the The common white bean is a service lime. end: the value of the lime and able type to grow but you should tante Construction anti Care of Hotbed and Cold I+r'alne—Both Are of fertilize:, Besides weighing the bar- care to sift out all the undersized teed Cxre ttcst Absislarce in Obtaining An Early Slat`. ley, list sure to note the earliness with injured•,. beans and to pick out 100 With Market aininProduce. which it ripens an eac11 plot and the beans and lay them between a damp g Mothers and daughters of all ages are cordially invited to write to this department. Initials only will be published with e50h question and its k answer es a means of Identlfioatlon, but full name and address must be given In each letter. Write on one side of paper only. Answers will be d mailed direct If stamped and addressed envelope is enclosed. Address all correspondence for this department to fere, Helen Law, 711 Castle Frank Read, Toronto. e Answer:—Beane should do well a tree can be thus top -grafted one they can be kept in moist sawdust or weight per bushel of the grain when cloth, keeping them in a warm room, it is har.•csted. Also note how suc- You can watch the sprouting of these The gardener's greatest aids in position and bank the sides and ends ee ei,i r grass and (icier readings beans after they have been prepared raising early crops are the hotbed and with manure. Place ab�,.it three have been on earl plot, as described, and if at the end of a the cold frame. The hotbed enables inches of good garden loam on top of Ground limestone is a corrector of week or ten days they do not sprout the manure inside the frame and cover see ::nurness and is not essentially a strong and show considernLle vigor, him to plant seed and produce seed- it with the sash. After Ibm heat has pianl.00,l. When you have limed the you will do well to obtain new seed. rings long before the seed planted out reached its maximum and has subsid- of doors has begun to germinate. The ed to between 80 degrees and 90 de- cold frame enables him to get the grees F., it will be safe to plant the fie n1' � seedlings produced in the hothouse seeds. Select the plumpest, freshest gradually accustomed to outdoor con- seeds obtainable. Use standard var- t E � ditions and to raise these into strong, ieties ncl get them from reliable seed The tested and approved cow, and sturdy planting stock by the time the houses. Cheor is. indigestiuu is indic•atedby the the dairyman determined to do his garden is ready for them. Crisis in Plant Life. 101102,i,n ;• synnptoms: Untbriftiness, best, make a winning combination.The cold frame is aced in burdening Keep the bed partly dark until the irreenl_ioas appetite, increased thirst, Above alt things let no one pester the plants which have been started in soots germinate, inle ;,ity of the bowels, dry, lstar the bull. Nine out of ten cross bulls the hotbed or in mild climates for i After germination, however, the g coat. 01001, sometimes slight, are mads so by wrong treatment on starting plants before the seeds can plants will need all the light possible, 0"101::,• pains, the part of some one who either does be safelyplanted in the open. Il' clue to imperfect mastication have exclusive of the direct rays of the gen- teeth attended to. Give purgative not thick or who does nut know any Resetting plants from a hotbed into stip, toi keep them growing rapidly. p better. the cold frame gives them a better This is a crisis in plant life and ven- follot•n,l by a dram each, ginger, gen- With all our kindness let us keen a root system and makes them stockier tilaiing and watering with great care tiara, aux cerulea, and lli'arbonate of firm hand and a good stout staff' on the and more valuable for transplanting are of prime importance. Too close soda 7 toe; daily, and food of first- bull, in tie open grvsind• ;planting and too much }teat enc} water rini quality.The cow dice to calve soon should be Building of hotbed. ' cause the plants to Uecome spindling, Later- e the feed gradually, and fed only laxative, easily digested food,Water the tants on clear days in the give lar exercise at +me kind of Toughen your cotes, not by expos- to ed out no shaded, bepot some has morning and ventilate immediately to !i her the hair begins to shed, the mg them to the raw spring winds and a southern exposure. The most con- dry the foliage and to prevent mil- When (carted horses should be clipped. sforms, but by daily exercise on sun- venient size is a boxlike structure six dew. Wh^n not at work, have blanket shiny clays, and careful stabling when feet wide and any multiple of three The cold frame, so useful in harden- hando t;, throw over the dipped horse the winds whisk around the corner. feet long. 90 that stmulard three by ing plants started in the hotbed and pl Before we offer a farm for sale -we for starting plants in mild climates, and is ± will not take cold. • ( six feet hotbed sash may be used. The know it pays to slid: ft up ant mance itis constructed in much the soma way There will be no delays in the spring, look tha -•cry best we can. Same frame should be twelve inches high as the hotbed except that no manure work I, the work terms are prenet'ly; way with a cow we want to sell, Wei the bade and eight inches ar. the to used, and the frame be cover - prepared at th tart. front. This slope is for the purpose y can't expect men to take mush interest ed either with glass sash or with can- t, a,i it ,y to i. , n up the horses• • of securing a better angle for the t in a reek of bones or a. clung' heap fast- yes. A cold frame ata be built on the that have 'leen tending in the stable. up.sun's rays and should be faced toward y A pour collar hints worse than a heavy; eutdasgood coat ofair of nfled eh`un uClean utt co v,' the earth. 'sermareient atrud�:ure suita- a for iholrd- load. Adjust the Croce , to the length I e p and then offer ..cr for sale. The hotbed not only must collect ingplants over winter will re of the h hue. Get pour n u -u as near j Pastures which are used one week any heat it can from the sun, but also t i quire a ae po:ss+l;iv t" the 1,011 ha .s to gall. 1 r pit mgliteen to twenty-four inches j Mud -spattered hal r eso; .m a clear i too early in the spring will generally must generate heat of its own from deep, The cold frame should be filled day loop as if someth:ne were wrong. i run short it least three weeks earlier fermentation in fresh manure, Frc..h with a good potting soil. Tho plants Wash then. up ':.ftc r the spring storms than if they had be ±r pronerlq ion -;horse manure fr•fromstable litter, should have more ventilation in the and bad roads are oyes and keep them • served. I is best for generating heat. 1 cold frame, but should not receive so 1 wash(=9. A harness u};at i.; permitter] . j if the hotbed is to be an annual af- !much water. It is best to ]seep the to go dieter will not last So long as one 1 There to no liniment that can cure !fair, make an excavation eighteen soil rather dry, 1 whiel, is rleunetl and oiled often, the hurt of hard worth• itches to two feet deep, about two ; In transplanting, remember that A :corse that 'foes not eat when food 1 i feet greater in length and width than plants usually thrive better if trans - ie before trim is wrong somewhere. I1ere ds the w•ay 000 gardener pro- 1 the frame carrying the sash, Line , planted into ground freshly cultivated. Look a: 11; tc..th. Watch all danger !meted .the strawberries and the birds I the excavation with plank or with a! Transplanting to the open field is best signal;. at the same time: blade a bluebird,1sick or concrete wall. A drain to' done in enol, cloudy weather, ,and in I Whet up the week's feeding with a house with rooms --for at least four !carry air surplus water is essential.] the afternoon. This prevents the bran mach: t pairs of bluebirds. Set it on top of 1t After a sufficient amount of fresh !sun's rays from causing the plant to • - ea.--• i post in the center of the berry patch. i horse manure has been accumulated, ; lose too much moisture through evap- New Zealand is eaid to have min.; Tins eneouraged the birds te build in fiil the pit, and while it is being filled !oration. In transplanting the garden - tramp the manure as firmly and as , er will find a child's express wagon an ' evenly as possible. When the ground excellent trolley tray for bedding out level le reached place the frame in ' his seedlings, j et•al w.stees of far greater therapeutic 11. They kept other birds away strength than any of the famous wa from the berries- Bluebirds eat only tens of E.u•epe, the insets off the fruit. Gc>4ilp1E55-- IT's FIVEfr11 uiES AFT FR 6Eyee4— W6 WILE likt/e, To}(ORRN AolD GET j� DRESSEA IP WE'RE Go1N0 11i -o TI•f5 THEATER }1ELetS you'Rr wroN6— I1'5 ON0.I six FoR•rY- FiV - --• J.00tt FQR. - - youRsei. 1 W$IA'r 'The- bAM HILt.— ls-1't+AT A 'llN-DIAL? Ii.B,11:-1. For your boys of eight, eleven and fifteen yeare of age, the following books are recommended: "Lorna Doone," by Blackmore; "Story of Great Inventions," by E. 11. Burns; 1Legends of Icing Arthur and His Court," by F. N. Greene; "Old Greek Stories," by Jas. Baldwin; "Adrift on an lee -pan," by Dr, W. T. Grenfel; "David Livingstone," by C, S, Horne; "The Boy's Nelson," by If, F. D. Wheeler; "Lives of Poor Boys Who Became Famous," by S. K. Bolton; "historic Boyhoods," by It. S. Hol- land; "Ileroes and Heroines of Eng- lish History," by A. S, Hoffman; "Plutarch's Lives for Boys and Girls," retold by W. H. Weston; "Ivanhoe," and "Kenilworth," by Sir Walter Scott; "Tom Brown's Schooldays," by Thos, Hughes; "John Halifax, Gentle- man," by Miss Nlulock. There is also a splendid series of twenty volumes, for boys and girls from eight to four- teen, of which a few titles are: "Birds That Every Child Should Knowq!' "Earth and Sky That Every Child Should Know," "Water Wonders That Every Child Should Know." Some of the other subjects treated are: "Wild Animals," "Pictures," "Songs," "Trees," "Famous Stories," "Heroes," "Heroines." This series affords a vast amount of useful information in very readable form, L,W.:—The wedding anniversaries areas follows: 1, Cotton; 2, Paper; 3, Leather; 4, Fruits and Flowers; 5, Wooden, 10, Tin; 12, Silk and Fine Linen; 16, Crystal; 20, China; 25, Silver; 30, Pearl; 40, Ruby; 50, Golden; 75, Diamond, mond. I-LL,R.:--L Milli dishes are the most valuable bone -forming foods, 2. It is said that a very hot nail will not split plaster when it is driven into it, 3, The best way to soften butter is to invert over the plate of butter a bowl which has bean Hirst heated with boiling water, 4. A good plan is to paint the lowest step of the cellar stair) white, Or a folded newspaper can be tacked to the bottom step. 5. To cut new bread try ueing a knife which has been dipped in very hot wa- fer. 0, Fresh entree stains can be removed by pouring boiling water through the fabric, 7. 1f steak is rolled in flour before frying, it will keep in the juice and make the meat more tender and delicious. C,B.:—Iron rust stains cannot be taken out by water. Try a mild acid, such as creams of tartar, spread on the stain and•washed through by hot wa- ter, or dilute waffleacid. When -the stain is removed be sure to wash out Ilte acid, V.D,F,:—A good play for your school concert would be "The Making of Canada's Flag," in which from fif- teen to twenty-five chil'h•en may tante part. Another patriotic play for boys and girls is "The Key to Jack Can- nck's Treasure House." It deals with our splendid national resources. Both these plays may be obtained from city booksellers at 2"u cents each. S.N.:—A mixture of one-half ounce borax, one-half ounce glycerine, three, ounces rose water and two ounces bay rum will soften and whiten the hands. Cornmeal is also excellent as a whitener, and glycerine and lemon' juice mixed is recommended. If a bowl of oatmeal is kept beside the kitchen sink and tubbed over the hands after I washing it will prevent roughness, ,.4."i•�0101 Stop feeding geese twelve or fifteen Rig up an old pasture for the hogs ' hour. before you kill them Health 1 ow -Priced foods 'With 111311 Nutri titre Values, During' the present crisis of the food Motet the housewife m11y be interest- ed to blow that a large variety of food products rich in nutritive value may he purelhased at reasonable prices. For instance, potatoes, 010' most wide- ly timed vegetable, have 0103 and eight - Writhe per cent, of protein, one-tenth of olio per cent. of fat incl fourteen and seven -tenths per cent, of sugar or carbohydrate, Rico, an the other hand, contains about five times as mucic of these food essentials and may be prepared in n variety of ways suitable to the appetite. The various eoolc books show recipes of a number of dainty and palatable dishes of rice. Onion, which are commanding a high price, have only a small food value. This, is also true of such vegetables as cabbage, lettuce and cot. ery, the greater bulk of which is made up of water and cellulose. Far more valuable than these are peas and beans, which are rich in protein and carbohydrate content. Mush is also recommended lis an elegant substitute for the more ex- pensive foodstuffs, for its nutritive value places it among the foremost nourishing table conhnlodities. As a suitable substitute for butter on, your bread we may return to our childhood favorite, molasses, which to comparatively cheap and mapabe of producing abundant heat and energy, Miik and cheese are within reach of us all and aro very rich, nutritious foods. Sour milk prepared especially as a table delicacy is a valuable and nourishing product. Sour cream, is also a palatable and heat -generating food. Among the various other com- modities which have high food values and yet come within reach of all wage- earners are cocoa, macaroni, oatmeal, dried fruits, canned salmon, mackerel and codfish. In recommending foods of low price and high nutritive value it must be remembered that palatability is a principle of dietetics which must not be overlooked. Foods must ho pre- pared to appeal to the appetite, for there is a greater secretion of the di- gestive juices and metabolism is en- hanced when edibles are attractive and pleasing. No' is it the intention to request the housewife to retiree the variety of tab,e delicacies, fora mixed diet is most desirable. When the 581110 menu is repeated too often there is a tendency to lessee) the appetite. While some foods may have relatively great heat -producing value, they may con- tain a large proportion of indigestible products which have 710 food value, but which net as "fillers" or "roughage" tending to make up the bulk of food end acting as laxative agents upon the bowels, thus serving a valuable pur- pose. The housewife should, therefore, re- member the three essentials necessary for a well-balanced diet if she desires to limit herself to the cheaper foods --palatability, variety and digestibil- ty. The following is a lint of common foul:dufc's and their relative nutritive this season, It will bo a great savingj A foto sickly hen? w11l undermine in feed. : the best -founded ff at success, 1 1b. potatoes Lots of folks down -town never know j Five to ten pee ce.it. cF the feed 1 lh, rive Fond units 370 1(310 1 10. cornmeal lege r 1 111, fish 1000 1 lb, br'kul 1215 t 1 ib, dried beetle 1820 1 Met-milk320 '2 eggs.eggs.100 a lb. Canadian almost: 5110 I1 ounce butter 250 Is pint molasses - 640 1 111, apples (edible portion) , , , 290 1 1b. bananas (edible portion) 400 11 Ib, oranges (edible portion) 240 1 lh, onion (edible portion) .. 220 1 11, celery (exclusive of waste), 85 j 1 1b, cucumbers HO 1 lb. lettuce 90 1 Ib, carrots 210 1 Ib, cauliflower .. , . , , , , . , , , 1 10 1 Ib, cabbage 145 what good U bacon or ham it. Make given in winter sheold i c meat :n some yours extra good Phis year. - item. The constant cold to of the 1 Fresh cold air lo-: the only thing that past months has been the means of will- keep the lens from freezing to keeping many pigs closely housed, and; death. this has resulted dna great many eases It will help to get ;gi; the year of crippling amongst the swins herds around if you thin out the overcrowd - of this country, ed houses: It is essential that the brood sow be Whon ehirkena are permitted to fed a well-balanced, succulent, nu- roost in and about the stables, why tritious, milk -producing ration while ! should there he stmprise when horses suckling the. litter. - Dairy by -pro: 1 and cattle,,becomo lousy? skim, buttrmilo, I Some oks try to nuke money out wleyduets, together suchas with-milkmealsesndlk as et geesefwl•itltout water, Quite like shorts, ground oats, barley, oil cake j making bricks without straw. If na and the like are all highly suitable for; tore has nut provi'.rd you •e stream the feeding' of the sore at this sea -' I or pond feel by springs, make a pond son.- I of your own. Eggs from geese that --": Have water to swim in are more apt The Swiss Navy. i to be fertile than those which come The Swiss have a navy consisting of.� from day land lay e*gs, a few gunboats on Lake Lucerne. t army 1 , just right don't silo ,vitU e t !..asci to a lural conic v, n.; gt:es• The population of Switzerland is three d th chilahen' dotting a Scottish )'ureter, They should have an r of 1500 000 1f you think the teacher hasn't dote million, and its area 15,000 square when; they tell you of their trouble in j miles, Belgium has a population of ;school. Go nd tall( the matter oval , OCG million, and an arca of 11,000' kindly with the teacher; her version. square miles. of the affair may change your view- point. The C'sael Areal, A --14k _. `(ouRe bUTltt `IRoNG — !T'5 JUST - 1 t i'KN O'C1-UCl< ,1 114 ¶IIE- Mortrlll�C .--...... teetilltileleettnetiallet "You affirm that when t}li5lenee oec} yeti were going home to a ideal" said the attorney. "1,01 ns be quite certain on this point, because it is ai ;cry im- portant cue. lee good enough to tell me what meal 11 WW1 you. ,dere gchng 1.01no to." "Von w•otild 11ke tae Gen what ureal 1 .vas gaugtn' halon tnc ?" n110r1nd the Scot. 'Yes, 1 stloulq 11ke lo know," replied the lawyer, imprsselvely, "Weol, t1.en," replied the fernier, „the meal 1 was gangin' ]tame Iso was juisi oatmeal," Lysander's Appetizer, - 1,ysantler, a far•1n hand, was recount, ing his troubles to a neighbor, Among other things he said that the wife of the farmer who employed hint wire "too close for any rise." '"llste very mornlug," said he, "sits, asked me, `Lysander, do you know stow many pancakes you have et this 1110111 - in' ?" "1 field, 'No, ma'am, I ain't had no occasion to count 'ami" "'Well; says she, 'that last one was time twenty-sixth,' And it made me so }pad I Jest got up from the table auto went to work without any breakfast 1i)