The Seaforth News, 1941-10-09, Page 7tie
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THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1941
THE SEAFORTH NEWS
EXPLOSIVE RIVETS
Explosive rivets made by Du Pont,
a recent innovation, may prove au
important factor in speeding Ameri-
can aircraft production and smipli-
fying design,
Now being manufactured in com-
titercial quantities, the rivet le of au
entirely new type, A high explosive
is secreted in a cavity at the end of
the shank. Heat applied to the rivet
head by an electric gun detonates
the charge. The explosion expands
the charged end of the shank, thus
forming' a "blind" head and setting
the rivet.
The whole operation is performed
from one side with greater ease and
speed than is possible by any mech-
anical means now being used in air-
craft factories.
Engineers estimate that from 800
fastening points in an all -metal pur-
suit plane to as many as 10,000 in the
largest all -metal bomber are access-
ible only from one side. That fact
has presented one of the most trou-
blesome bottlenecks in the mass pro-
duction of fighting planes.
Under the best mechanical meth-
ods now employed, a spilled 'work-
man can set about two to four of
these "blind" fasteners a minute, af-
ter they have been placed in holes,
The equipment is comparatively
costly.
The new Du Pont rivets may be
installed by one workman at a rate
of 15 to 20 rivets at minute, once they
are in place, The riveting gun or
iron weighs less than five pounds.
The rivets themselves weigh only
about one-fourth as much as general-
ly used "blind" fasteners of mechan-
ictt design.
do finely has the explosive charge
been controlled, that the expansion
it effects may be held within limits
of twenty-one thousandths of an
inch, which is truly an example of
znodern development and precision.
Two years of experimental work
by the Explosives Department of. the
DuPont Company, supplemented by
extensive tests of the rivets on air-
plane production lines in recent
months, stand behind the develop-
ment. Engineers expect the invention
to have wide applications to industry
at large, and to effect radical
changes in riveting methods and
structural designs.
Much of aviation's phenomenal ad-
vance has been made possible by the
development of the all -metal design,
Pre-eminently employing the lighter
metals, such as aluminum and mag-
nesium alloys. This style of con-
struction requires some 40,000 to
500,000 rivets or more per plane,, ac-
cording to the size. The job is one
of the most exacting and tedious
that confrolnte plane builders, and
more so as planes becmoe larger,
which is the trend. For example, the
recently - completed B-19 Douglas
Bomber, largest ship of its kind ever
built, is said to have 3,000,000 rivets.
Gang -riveting machines, automatic
hole -punching and rivet -driving de-
vices, and the occasional replace-
ment of the rivets by high amperage
spot welding, have tended to simpli-
fy the tremendous fastening prob-
lem to an important degree. How-
ever, these methods, together with
the driving of conventional rivets in-
dividually at a rate of two to three
rivets a minute—are applicable only
in assemblies which permit access to
both sides.
There are many structures or por-
tions of airplane structures which
are totally or partially inaccessible
from the rear. These require fast-
eners which are capable of being in-
stalled entirely from one side,
usually termed "blind" rivets. Many
kinds al mechanical "blind" rivets
have been. developed, but in general
they have compared unfavorably
with "bucked" rivets in physical and
structural pr'oper'ties, besides being
difficult to install economically. So
serious has been this difficulty that
it has influenced airplane designs
through the efforts of designers to
avoid it.
In 1921, an American, Frank Allan,
patented several types of explosive
rivets and bolts that, he hoped,
might prove the solution of the
"blind" rivet problem. His rivets did
not prove commercially feasible.
However, in 1937. a patent issued by
the United States Patent. Office to
Karl and Otto Butter, two brothers
employed by Ernst. Heiukel, builder
of the famous German plane bearing
his amne, revived the idea of setting
"blind" rivets by expanding the
shank with a minute explosive
charge,
Early in 1909, the Du Pont Explos-
ives Department became interested
in the idea and began seriously to
explore its possibilities. From the
outset, the Butter rivet seemed to
offer advantage sever any of the ex-
isting types of "blind" rivets and to
have great promise. providing it
could be further perfected and eeon-
nntic alty manufactured, At this time
Europe was at peace. Accordingly,
...ma.,
•womms•mastmov.rwffmc.meavxmai
Duplicate
Monthly
Statements
We can save you money on Bill, and
Charge Forms, standard sizes to fit
Ledgers, white or colors.
It will pay you to see our samples.
Also best quality Metal Hinged Sec-
tional Post Binders and Index
The Seaforth News
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SAMPLE COPY ON REQUEST
CALWAYS
Gill ES
LIGHT;
TENDER..
TEXTURE,:;
the North American rights to the in-
vention were purchased from the
American Explosives Rivet Company,
whose owners had previously acquir-
ed them from Heiukel to whom the
Butters had assigned their patent.
An intensive research and develop.
nlent program was launched by Du
Pont's Eastern Laboratory at Re-
pauno, New Jersey.
Apart from fundamental details,
which the patent disclosed, many
prbolems remained to be solved. The
design had to be adjusted to Ameri-
can standards of precision, requiring
many hours of laboratory test work,
A new method for manufacturing the
rivet blanks was necessary since the
very small tolerances, or allowances
for microscopic variations in size,
could nut be met; in existing equip-
ment. The anodizing process, or
treatment of the surface to prevent
corrosion, had to be improved,
Equipment for the extremely accur-
ate loading of almost infinitesimal
explosivecharges had to be designed
and constructed.
Finally, in the fall of 1940, after
they had been tested and evaluated
by the United States Army and
Navy, the improved Du Pont rivets
were sold in limited numbers to a
few aircraft manufacturers for fur-
ther testing and actual shop install-
ations. These rivets were made on
experimental tools but were loaded
on productions equipment.
Since then, working in close co-
operation with American airplane
builders, the multitudinous details of
manufacture and use have been per-
fected. Prior to installation, the rivet
is similar to a solid rivet except for
the cavity which is concentric with
the shank and open at the shank end.
The cavity holds the smai ]explosive
charge which, when heated to a cer-
tain temperature, detonates and ex-
pands
xpands the sliault end uniformly with-
out: cracking.
The heat necessary to the installa-
tion is supplied by means of a spec-
ially -designed electric tool with a
silver tip, known as the Du Pont
riveting iron.
Time of installation is lee to 2lel
seconds, from the time the Du Pont
riveting iron is applied until expan-
sion takes place. .As mentioned earl-
ier, it is possible to install from 15
to 20 rivets per minute, after the
]roles have been prepared and the
rivets placed, with only one elan!
The rivets now being manufactur-
ed are of an aluminum allow. Of
varying diameters and sizes to meet
structural requirements, they are of
the modified brazier head and coun-
tersunk types, the latter permitting
the flush riveting required by mod-
ern high-speed planes. The rivets are
installed in the "age -hardened" cond-
ition and do not require refrigeration
after heat treatment, so necessary
with solid rivets in the same alloy.
In shear and tension, these rivets
develop values which are approxi'
mately the equivalent 02 driven riv-
ets of the type now most widely
used. The Du -Pont rivets are safe
and may be used without fear of
serious injury. However, they should
be handled with reasonable tare.
Numerous safety tests have indicated
they will not detonate in mass and
are quite insensivtive to shock and
friction. As would be expected, fire
or high heat of any kind will cause
them to expand,
Those who have been close to the
research and development work feel
confident the invention will be in-
creasingly helpful in solving many
aircraft production problems. Al-
ready several million explosive rivets
have been sold and are being used
in American aircraft that are actual-
ly in service.
In addition to their use in aircraft,
it is believed these rivets may find
many applications in other indus-
tries. Manufacture in still larger
sizes, and in other metals including
steel, does not seem beyond the
realm of possibility as now viewed.
Tinie alone will develop the full
picture,
Quite a pile of shoes surrounded
the customer, and the assistant was
looking very worried. So the man-
ager called him aside. "What's the
trouble?" he snapped. "Can't you
satisfy that customer?"
"No, sir," said the assistant sadly,
"He's trying to find a pair of shoe,
which squeak in the same key,"
Notice to Creditors, 3 wits. for $2.50
CANADA YEAR BOOK, 1941
Tho publication of the 1941 edi-
tion of the Canada Year Book, ie an-
nounced by the Dominion Bureau of
Statistics. The Canada Year Book is
the official statistical annual of the
country and contains a thoroughly
up-to-date account of the natural re-
sources of the Dominion and their
development, the history of the
country, its institutions, its demo-
graphy, the different branches of pro-
duction, trade, transportation, fin-
ance, education, etc.—in brief, a com-
prehensive study within the limits of
a single volume of the social and
economic condition of the Dominion.
This new edition has been thorough-
ly revised throughout and includes in
all its chapters the latest information
available up to the date of going to
press. The 1941 Canada Year Book
extends to over 1,000 pages, dealing
with all phases of the national life
and more especially with those sus-
ceptible of statistical measurement,
A statistical summary of the prog-
ress of Canada is included in the in-
troductory matter, This gives a pic-
ture in figures of the remarkable
Progress that the country has made
since the first census of the Domin-
ion was taken in 1871, seventy years
ago. The special articles that. are
shown in title edition of the Year
Bonk have been selectee to illustrate
the effects of the war on the Canad-
ian economy and to show suc11
changes and developments as have
taken place to -date. There aro eight
such special articles.
The volume is carefully indexed,
and includes several lithographed
maps and many charts and diagrams.
Another feature in the present edi-
tion is the introduction of tables
showing the appldeation of gasoline
tax and of succession duties from the
date al their inception, Since the
Dominion Government has now ent-
ered these fields the tables provide a
background for the latest study of
these sources of revenue on a nation-
al basis, hr the present edition, a
complete list of articles and of histor-
ical or descriptive text that has not
been subject to wide change and is
therefore not repeated, is given foll-
owing the Table of Contents. This
list links the 1941 Year Book with its
predecessors and indicates the ex
tent to which the Year Book must
now be regarded as a series of pub-
lications rather than as a single
volume.
Persons requiring the Year book
may obtain it from the King's Print-
er, Ottawa, as long as the supply
lasts, at the price of $1.50 per copy;
this coveys merely the cost of paper,
printing and binding. By a special
concession, a limited number of paper
bound copies have been set aside for
ministers of religion, bona fide stud-
ents and school teachers, who may
obtain such copies at the nominal
price of 50 cents each but application
for these special copies should be
directed to the Dominion Statistician,
Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Ot-
tawa.
2,000 WOMEN'S DRESSES
Off From London to South Africa
Russia's influence in style and
brilliance of colour is already ap-
parent in a new collection of eve
men's wear which ninety leading
British dress manufacturers have ar-
ranged exclusively for the women of
South Africa.
Each of the manufacturers has
supplied 24 Models and there are
therefore more than 2,000 of them,
some coating as little as 18'- apiece,
They include day dresses, coats,
snits and sportswear; and many
beautiful dinner dresses with long
sleeves and flowing graceful skirls
w,'re shown at the send-off from the
AItayfair Hotel, London, when bridal
coitus won mudh applause.
The High Commissioner for South
Africa in Loudon would "rather
have a tooth out, and a good one,
than attend a dress show," his wife,
Mrs, Sidney F. Waterson, told the
gathering when she wished the ven-
ture all success. The Minister of
Commerce and Industry in Pretoria,
the Hon, It. Stuttatord, cabled saying
how necessary It was that the pres-
ent opportunity should be taken of
establishing London as a fashion
centre.
The collection is sponsored by the
Women's Fashion Export Group.
"My worries keep me awake at
night. What can I do about it? -
''Why not get a job as a night
watchnnzn?
PAGE SEVEN
BEAUTY IN THE FALL
Now that Fa11 is here, many of us
find that the sun tan that added so
much to our appearance in the
Summer is a definate drawback. It
doesn't suit Fall clothes,
Here is a bleach that will help to
erase your tan, Mix some lemon
juice with four times as much glyc-
erine, stir in enough powdered
starch to form a paste, Cover face
and neck with this paste, using a
soft cloth, and allow to remain on
until dry. Wash off gently with a
solution of lemon juice in hot water,
rinse with cold water and finally
dry with a soft face cloth.
Another point to bear in mind is
that the sun and dry weather tend
to take away some of tee natural oil
from the sk n. And because this
natural oil heIlp. to keep the skin
reoilie.nt and discourage-. wrinkles,
you must d lee your =k't1 especial
care 111 1e10 Fes: months.
Every ,nay n'a h z.ousaielf leguiar-
ly with genie Palmolive soap, which
,rets its i4'tiotInes front those age-old
beautifiers, olive and palet oils. At
the same time, help to newish the
skin h5 creaming often_. Use Iots of
delightful three purpose cream dur-
ing the day, and at night, just be-
fore bedtime, massage it well In.
I am always happy to hear from
readers, and will gladly give confid-
ential advice in your personal beau-
ty problems. Write fully, and en-
close four one -cent stamps for my
interesting booklet on Beauty Care.
It is crammed with helpful hints,
Address: Miss Barbara Lynn, Box
75, Station B., Montreal, Que.
Want and For Sale Ads., 1 week 25c
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