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The Clinton News Record, 1936-07-23, Page 6PAGE 6 THE CL IN TON -NEWS-KNAMICU NEWS AND �_ Hnpp��irnir Timel Information for the 7 BusyFarmer. ( Furnished by the Department of Agriculture ) Care Will Save Money Farmers sustain enormous ,losses, each year, through careless methods of shipping livestock' by train and truck. Experienced .shippers recom- mend that all cattle be dehonied; that each class of stock be separated by partitions, that loading -chutes be used; and that all spikes, and slivers, etc., be removed from ears and trucks, Crops For Rolling Lands Permanent pastures are .extensively • grown on roiling lands. Canada blue grass, red top, Kentucky blue grass and white clover are useful for this purpose. The first mentioned grass is of particular value where the soil tends to dry out in summer. The common mixture of red clover, alsike and timothy may' be sown for hay and the timothy left down for a number of years. Alfalfa is an excellent crop for hillsides and is to be desired over other craps where it will grow suc- cessfully. In order to receive a good stand of this permanent hay crop, liming may be, necessary on some soils. Oats, rye, wheat and corn are crops frequentlyro n with g w wr h success on rol- ling lands, but these crops are not as effective in controlling erosion as hayandpasture crops. If satisfac- tory f c - p atrs a tory crop yields are to be secured, farm manure must be applied at seas- ons when it can be ploughed under before any loss of fertility takes lace. Fall and winter applications of manure (farm or commercial fertil- izer) are not desirable except on level land because of the great loss of fertility which is liable to occur from spring run-off. Ontario juniors' Programme The general club prograrnane for Ontario will be very similar to that carried on during the past two years. With the addition of new projects, un- der the direction of the Women's In- stitutes Branch, in foods and cloth- ing for gills. R. S. Duncan, director of the agricultural representative branch, states that, from enquiries re- ceived last spring, it is anticipated that there will bis a considerable in- crease in the number of calf, foal and grain clubs organized this year as compared with 1935. ' Other projects will have approximately the sane number of clubs. With the development of boys and girls as the main objective, the basis of awards in all projects is founded on a system designed to give recogni- tion to the all-round member. For ex- ample, the basis of scoring for a calf club includes the exhibit at the club Show, judging, showmanship, answers • to questions; care and feeding me- thods, moath1y reports and attendance and interest in meetings and demon- strations. Statistics for Ontario pre - 'pared by. Dr. Duncan show that there were in 1935, a total of 423 clubs in operation and that, not including the girls' , clothing dubs, the average membership was 19 and the. average age of club members was 16, 1 •,;j rttagr,,- —�-- Six Blows at Canada Thistle This weed which has always been With tis is more prevalent this year. It propagates ,by seeds and deep run- ning root stalks, and Bail be controlled by thorough eoltivation at the right time. An hverageplant Will rTraduce 2,6b0 seeds. The importance of pre- venting plants from maturing .seeds cannot be emphasised too strongly. The following methods of attack are recommended:— 1.—Mow pasture fields and all areas ; where Canada Thistles is found. It has been the experience of many that this weed can be con- trolled if plants are cut when stems are hollow (just after they comein flower). It is important, however, that this work be done before seeds Mature. 2.—Spud or cut all scattered plant: found in growing crops; mow all pat- ches for green feed. 8.-PIough deep during hot dry weather, leave in the rough state for a week or more, providing the wea- ther is dry. Cultivate every week or ten days using the stiff -toothed culti- 'vator with wide points until it is time to sow fall wheat or rye or continue cultivation until freeze up. When wide points are used ail growth is cut off beneath the surface and roots are brought up to the sun where they soon dry out. 4.—Plan a short rotation of crops which will include clovers and hoed crops. 5.—By early after harvest cultiva- tion on stubble ground, ploughing two or three times :luring Iate summer or fall or by the frequent use of the cultivator. 6.-JBji- summer fallowing for the entire summer. This will entail ;the loss of crop and should- poesibly be' the last method to adopt as it has proven time. and time again that any of the methods outlined will prove successful providing the work is thor- oughly ,done and weather conditions are favourable, Devastating Drought The prolonged heat wave, without any rain, during the first two weeks of July proved highly injurious to crop prospects throughout Ontario; Reports firorn counties in Western, Southern, Central and Eastern On- tario tell their own story of the ha- voc wrought by drought. Two typi- cal reports from representatives are those from Halton and North Simcoe, as follows: - HALTON — The heat wave of the past few days has caused tremendous loss, the extent of which is impossible to estimate at this time. Fall wheat and barley have ripened rapidly. We l anticipate that this will mean a lot of i shrunken and light grain. Early sown oats and barley still appear to be in fair condition and with a good rain prospects would still be good for a fair crop. Late sownlspring crops, however, are pretty well burnt up. i Alfalfa seed prospects may be said to be nil in so. far as the first crop is concerned.` Pas tures are badlyb corn - i ed and dairymen are finding it neces- sary to supplement. Milk flow is ser- iously curtailed, but there still ap- pears to be plenty of surplus milk. Gooseberries have been cooked on the bushes and rasbberries have dried up. The yield of early potatoes will also be curtailed owing to the drought. NORTH SIMCOE—This district is experiencing the most intensive drought of many years. Most crops were at least average a week ago, but each day of the present tempera- ture with no rain represents an esti- mated 5 to 10% reduction in most crop prospects. Prospects for spring sown craps do•not rate much over 50% With the average going clown every day without rain. Wheat looks much better than other grain crops, having got full growth before the drought, but it is ripening so rapidly that many farmers fear that the sample will be very light. On the lighter lands the oat crop is yellowing off, and is so short that even if rain conies it will be difficult to harvest. Early potatoes are ripening rapidly, pros- pects are very poor. Late potatoes 'are holding their own better. On a- bout 25% of the farms the corn crop is growing splendidly, but where the soil has not been in good condition or cultivation neglected,, even the corn crdp is burning out. Row To Erect Poultry Rouses From the standpoint of poultry - house construction, Canada is divided into two parts. One of these parts is of small area, being the coast section of British Columbia with moderate summers and mild winters. The other part includes the interior of British Columbia, the Prairie Prvoinces, On- tario, Quebec, and the Maritime Pro- vinces, all with greater . extremes of heat and cold and low temperatures in winter,.The Coast section, which is a region of great concentration of poul- try enterprises, requires a lightly con - abraded form of poultry building on- ly, while the other section, from whibh the bulk of Canada's poultry produots are derived, requires a heavier and warmer type of house. F. C. Elford, Dominion Poultay Husbandman, and ' H. S. Gutteridge, Poultry Husbandman of •the Poultry Division, Dominion Experimental Farms, have gathered all the'infornra- tio possible on this subject in the form of a bulletin. entitled "Poultry House Construction". In addition to exten- sive information, the bulletin con= tains many geneal and detailed plans for building, together with numerous other cognate illustrations. For, lay- ing hens, they say, there is no one best house, but, from a number that have 'bean tested through years of experience, the, plans included 'in the' bulletin have been selected as being those of houses . which have given good average results under the varied conditions prevailing in Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In the adoption of these plans' of laying houses, slight ' alterations night be made to make the building conform to local conditions. In mak- ing changes, however, the main prin- ciples of poultry house construction should be adhered to, namely, plenty of sunlight and fresh air without draughts, combined with' convenience insanitation both inside and out. This 48 -page bulletin may be obtained free on request from the Publicity and Extension Branch; •Dominion. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Ottawa. TO. PPOLONG LIFE OF CUT FLOWERS In keeping the home beautiful, no information is more appreciated than authoritative advice on how to keep cut flowers fresh. With this end in view, the Lethbridge Experimental Station of the Dominion Department of Agriculture has assembled the essential facts of the art,, both from their own h.•ticulturists and. from other authorities. ' Most flowers must be cut 'either early in the morning• when the dew is 'still on them, or in the cool of the evening. Roses, peon- ies, dahlias, and gladioli respond best when cut in the evening, but it is to be remembered that dahlias must be cut in full bloom; iris, . poppies and pinks in lialf bloom, and peonies when they show a good eolour. The "tip" about the bloom. makes all the difference. The method of cutting is also im- portant, Slanting cuts with a sharp' knife are: the best Shears crush or bruise the stem and thus the free rise of water through the stalks to the leaves and blossoms is ,impeded. One great advantage of the slanting cut is that the stems are prevented from resting flat on the bottom of the vase and, thereby checking the upward flow of water. After the flowers have been cut, the next thing to do is to immediately soak them for several hours in deep, cool water. Their prolongation of life is helped by quick action the mo- ment they are gathered. Thick -leav- ed flowers, such as stocks; snapdra- gons, zinnias, and' petunias need at least 10 to 12 hours soaking before they are arranged in, the vase. Inthe case of lilacs, sirea, honeysuckle, and other floral decorations of the woody sort, satisfactory results have been obtained by splitting; or pounding and scraping the stems before soak- ing. However, with reference to dip- ping stems in boiling water before being soaked in cold, there is still some doubt, although on occasions such flowers as poppies, holyhock,. mignonette, and dahlias have benefit- ed by this method. • Nearly everyone knows that cutting the stems of arranged flowers once a day helps to prolong their freshness, but in this regard one common mis- take is made; the ,cutting must be clone under water. This prevents air bubbles from forming in the stems and preventing the free flow of wat- er. Adding one-quarter to one-half teaspoon of charcoal or permanganate of potash, obtainable from any, drug store, prevents the growth of bacter- ia on thecutend, and the use of one or two drops of c•eolin or similar dis- infectant tends to prolong the life of the flower, but aspirin has not proved effective Pansies in particular find it diffi- cult to draw water through their stems, so these flowers, and also nas- turtiums, are benefited by being plunged up to their blossoms in eooI water for half an hour at eight-hour intervals. Warm and hot draughts cause ihnnediate wilting in cut flow- ers, dahlias in particular being quick- ly affected. With regard to contain ers, one floriculturist has discovered that cut flowers last, longer in copper vessels than in any other type of vase. Damages Cabbages 'And Cauliflowers The cabbage worn is a velvety green caterpillar commonly found feeding on cabbages and cauliflowers. It also attacks turnips, rape, Brussels sprouts, kale and radish. It eats large circular holes in the cabbage leaves and frequently bores into the centre of the cabbage heads, making the cab- bages unfit for market and spoiling them for home consumption, Control measures should be applied as soon as injury to the plants become 'evi- dent. i Dusting with arsenate oflead and hydrated lime is the ,most widely re- commended remedy. One part of the poison should be mixed with eight parts ofhydrated lime and the mix- ture tliisted en tire planate in the early morning, or late ev'ening, when the leaves are wet with dew. Particular care should be paid to the central por- tion of the cabbages and cauliflowers since it is usually the favourite spot for feeding. Two or three ;applica- tions of the mixture should be made as required, care being taken- to apply the dust immediately feedng becomes evident. Due to the waxy condition• of the leaves, the use of .'.a 'poison spray has trot given satisfactory re- sults. • If the plants have to be treated shortly before being mariteted;' fresh pyrethrum powder should be substi- tuted because, while this substanee is poisonous to insects, it is not injurious to human beings. It . can be secured' from local seed houses, drug stores, or wholesale drug companies. The rerne- dies recommended for cabbage worms' also control„other destructive insects to cabbage and cauliflowers; such as, the cabbage looper and danrond=bath moth. The cabbage worm hibernates in the chrysalis stage, and emerges as .a white butterfly in May, deposit- ing its yellowish eggs, usually singly,. on the undersides of the leaves, Im- mediately on hatching, the larvae be- gin feeding which is continuedby; subsequent broods: <during. tire• entire summer. - 1 I', 3 r 19 36 —117111.1 €JF INTEREST TO FARMERS Field Day At The Experi- Open New Dominion Canadian 'Idea In Use Of Salt Directly and indirectly, salt plays an important part in the agricultural in- dustry. For example, apart from personal use, it is fairly well known that about a million anda-hall pounds of wilt are used annually in Canadian poultry and live stock feeds and over five million pounds in Canadian fruit and vegetable preparations every year, but the application, of salt in malting roads of the kind particularly beneficial to farmers is not so famil- iar. The use of salt in road -making is a Canadian idea which is being widely adopted in other countries, ,as the result of experiments originating 'in the province of Nova Scotia. Following the experiments in Nova Scotia, laboratory work was carried out by the National Research Coun- cil of Canada and by McGill Univer- sity, and subsegnently the matter was taken up by the United States. Dur- ing the past three years, considerable mileages of salt -established roads have been laid in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, as well as in the United States. These roads which are essentially of the low-cost, : 'secondary "highway type, states A. F. Gill of the National Research Council, consist of a clay bond in admixture . with coarse ' min erals soproportioned and graded as to give maximum density under the compressive effect .. of traffic. The 'properties of the clay are improved by an admixture of certain chemicals, notably calcium chloride and salt. Calcium chloride has been in use for many years as a dust layer. Its use in integrally mixed stabilized roads is a' comparatively new development and the use of salt still more recent. Investigators claim that the salt has two major effects. It • retards the evaporation of moisture when the road is first laid, and the growth of salt crystals as the road eventually dries out tends to diminish shrinkage and cracking of the clay bond. The latter is an important feature as the elimination of shrinkage tends to prevent ravelling of the mineral ag- gregates under power traffic. ALMOST A WARNING Boxer—Isn't it a long walk from the dressing -room, to the ring? Opponent—Yes, but you won't have to walk back. mental iStation, Harrow The annual field day at the Do- minion 110ri L'• 1 JeJ'•' .1111 R ental ,Station, 1 r 1 Ilar•- row, will be held July 30. A special invitation to visit the farm on this date is extended to all -persons inter- ested in agriculture, Tobacco and hogs will be featured on the programme, and in addition a canning demonstration for the ladies will be held while the men are inspect- ing the experimental plots, dairy herd, and poultry plant. A luncheon in picnic style will be held at 1:30 o'clock; bring your own lunth and cups; cold lemonade will be served by- the Experimental Farm, The luncheon will be followed by short addresses at 1.30 under a big tent. :Professor Leitch, Tobacco Mar- keting Board, will talk on recent de- velopments ni the marketng of 'toba- co. Dr. N. T. Nelson, Ottawa, will outline briefly some recent findings regarding the sugar content of Cana- dian tobacco. Dr. L. W. Koch of St, Catharines Plant Disease Laboratory,; who has been carrying on investiga- tional work on tobacco diseases iia this district, will give an account of some new dseases affecting the to- bacco crop. Mr. W. R. Reek, Direc- tor of the Ridgetown Experimental Station, will give an address on the feeding of swine in Western Ontario. At 2.30, following the addresses, Miss Verna Brambridge, of the On- tario Home Economics Department, Toronto, will hold a home -canning demonstration for the ladies. An. op- portunity will also be afforded the ladies for seeing the flowers and poultry. At the same time the men will be taken on a tour over the farm to inspect various points of interest such as the poultry plant, dairy bum, and the lot experiments including to- bacco, corn, soybeans, early tomatoes, grass nursery, and flowers. Although visitors are welcome at the Station daily, make July 30 an outing for the whole family, and ex- tend the -invitation to your neighbour. The Station is here for your benefit! No cracked eggs, however good the quality may be, are allowed in the Canadian egg grades A. and 13. Crack- ed eggs fall into grade C but are re- quired to be packed separately from the eggs of that grade. Parasite Laboratory; Leading entomologists :from Canada and the United .States attended the formal opening on June 24 of the New Dominion Parasite Laboratory at Belleville, Ont., the most up to date institution of its kind in the world. Great Britain was represented at the ceremony by Dry W. R: Thompson, 'Chief of the Farnham House Parasite Laboratory :of the Imperial Institute 'of Entomology, Farnham Royal, Eng- land, recognized as a leading parasi- tologist, 'and Dr. C. I. Liu, Professor of Entomology, Tsing Hua University,. Peiping, China, a graduate/ of Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., mune to re- present his country. The ceremony in connection with the opening attracted representative citizens of Belleville and district, who were welcomed by Dr, G. H. Barton, Deputy Minister, Dominion Depart- ment of Agriculture, Dr, Arthur Gib- son, Dominion Entomologist, and A. B. Baird, Entomologist in Charge of the new laboratory. In a brief address before formally declaring the laboratory open, Dr. Barton said that the occasion might be regarded as a milestone in the pro- gressive development in Canada of a very important protective service. Not long ago entomology was treated as a form of nature study, but now it is recognized as an applied science and one of the most fundamental services to the welfare of the people. This is as it should be. The presence of so many eminent entomologists was evi- dence of their helpful interest and association that obtains between sci- entific workers in all countries, and he expressed the thanks of the Do- minion Department of Agriculture to the practical help and co-operation the Department has received from en- tomologists in Great Britain, the Uni- ted States and several of the Euro- pean countries. He acknowledked par - ti tulaily the assistance given by Dr. Thompson and declared that had it not been for this help and the help of his associates of the Imperial Insti- tute of Entomology, the new labora- tory might not have been made pos- sible. Dr. Barton said it was with pleas- ure and satisfaction that be declared the new Dominion Parasite Labora- tory open and said "I dedicate it to viwhnaet, 1 believe will be a most useful. service".'- Brief appropriate acldresses were given by 0, A, Cameron, M.P. for+ Hastings, South, W. E. Tummon, ex. M.1., and Mayor Flurry Frill of Belle - On June 25 and 26 a,cpnference on biological methods of controlling in- sect pests, presided over by Dr, Ar - thin: Clibson, was held, at which pa- pers were read by Dr. W. R. Thomp- son, Dr, C. P. Clausen in Charge of g . Foreign Parasite Introductions, U.S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington,,„ D.C,; Dr. H. S. Smith, University of California, Riverside, Cal.; A. B. Baird ' Belleville, Ontr;.W. P, Flint, Agrieul. .. tural Experiment rftation, Urbana. IIlinois; 3. 3. de Gryse, in Charge of Forest Insect Investigations, Domin- ion Entomological -Branch; Dr. Alvin Paterson, Ohio' State University, Ca iambus, Ohio, and Prof. John Stanley of the Department of Zoology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. An analysis of records obtained ; from 3,213 families in various urban and rural areas in the provinces of ' Quebec, Ontario, and Alberta showed' that the consumption df milk per head was about .74 of a pint per day, or less than three-quarters of a pint, The - survey was undertaken by the Econ- omics Branch and the Dairy Branch , of the Dominion Department of Agri- culture, in co-operation wthe the Que- bec and Alberta Departments of Agri- culture, According to dietetic author- ities, every child should drink at least a quart of milk a day, and adults a , pint a day per head. Exports of Canadian live cattle to the British market totalled 13,831. head during 1936, up to June 18. The . cattle exports to the United States for the same period amounted to 130,- 082 head. The exports for the corre- sponding period of 1935 amounted to 4,817 to Great Britain and 90,252 to the United States. EVERY ONE ACCOUNTED FOR McThistle: "Almost six dozen shoes were thrown at my weddings.” Friend: "Six dozen? I can't' believe it!" MacThistle: "Well, there's the - clothes closet. Open it and count;: them." Have Another Look! You may have missed it, but it's there - - that particular bargain for which you have been looking. You'll find it in the Advertising columns. News of just the kind you want - - -- value, quality workmanship.- It's orkmanship.- It's Good if it's Advertised ! The Clint�n NewS»Kecord is a good advertising medium.