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The Clinton News Record, 1942-07-30, Page 6Pt, 6 THE (LINTON NEWS -RECORD NASION PRACTICE BY BRITISH ROYAL MARINERS BritishRoyyal Marines are undergoing exten- sive invasion -training with specially constructed ;armoured landing craft of : the type. already used ,in raids in enieniy-occupied territory. One such` raid was that carried out recently with great suc- cess by British and Norwegian forces on the Nor- wegian islands of Vaagso and Maaloy. The invas- ion barges are of shallow draught to enable thele to be run right up on to the beach, and are protected by armoured shields. They carry a considerable number of troops and are also designed to carry tanks and equipment. This picture shows Royal Marine motor -cyclists making a speedy getaway as an invasion barge is beached. Gi:;1TMYtJ AND ITALIANS CAPTURED IN C,.•a i'6..J`oi AK?, .. sctPaeks in the British offensive in ilit)y , the Lighth Army has virtually destroyed. <liJ e ' Lino: German forces at. Jedabya, near the ip-Jiitanian•frontier. i.u: ,• �ti. 11 • has witnessed the final demoral- ! ati in ;'_ the Italians alians in Libya, the disruption of the famous Gorman Afrika Korps and the capture of vast stares and equipment and over 21,000 pris- onecs. German infantry surrendering to a New ��c hni i 131'`n gun carrier unit—a wounded Ger- -21k.t ; :il the back of the carrier. MEMBERS OF BRITISH WOMEN'S A.I,rY.- ILIARY AIR FORCE AS WEATHER - FORECASTERS Commissions in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force� W.A.A.F. of Britain are being .toffered o. �.. wofrien. at weather forecasters i%i ithe Meteorological Branch, the qualifications required being a science degree in mathematics or physics. Training of a pneciali:aed chr4rscter is given after accept ancc. Approved ` cr candidates are posted to R.A.F. 1' stations rs forseastins~ officers•... Here an Aus tr-a1i'A n r ember of the V.A.A,F. is seen at a.school, nicking c1,lcrvations. R. th a Theodolite.. More Nearly Perfect Job Moving 'At Snail's Pace' Usually Traps Forger Means Half -Mile Weedy The expert in chirography may When a person walks Very slowly, put a juror to the proof that out of we may say he is going "at a snail's a dozen -Signatures of his own name pace," However small his speed, we no two will be alike in general. form. _ may be sure it is faster than a snail Then he may turn to the authentic can travel. One mile in two weeks and forged signature in almost any would be a fairly good record for a case, and show to, the layman that snail. the first question of forgery arose It has only one foot, and the won - from the fact that these two signa- der is that it can move at all. tures at a glance are identically Some snails live under water, but alike to almost the last detail. others spend their lives on land. With all the skill which the forger Land snails,. or garden snails,: have puts into his crooked work, he, keeps lungs. Each. of the little animals to the old principle of copying the has only one lung, not two as a hu - authentic signature which he has man being has, in hand, and the more nearly he can A 'garden, snail has two pairs of reproduce the signature, the more "horns." There is a short pair used readily the forgery can be proved. as feelers. The long "horns" are Every, man, it seems, using a pen even more important; at the end inwriting has his "pen scope." This of each one is an eye. technigal term describes the aver- The foot of a garden snail forms age stretch of paper which a man the whole lowerside of its body. In may cover without lifting th'e pen. tests, theyhave crossed the blade In the case of the signature of a of a razor without being hurt. This, •person's name, ,it should' be one of is due, in part, to the fact that the the easiest and least studied groups foot is "tough." More important is of words which he is called upon the care the snail takes not to bear to put on paper. In writing a letter, down too hard. for example, the pen scope may Among the snails which may be show a stretch of one inch for the classed as "water snails," there is. text of the letter, while, in• signing one kind of special interest. It is the the letter, the whole length of the violet snail. • signature may be covered in one Violet snails have spiral shells operation, about an inch and a half wide. The But if 'the writer covers this full shells are of violet color, which ex stretch of his name in this way, the plains the name. expert may prove by . the shorter The great thing about these 'snails "pen scope" of the forger that istheir ability to ,make rafts and the studied copy is a forgery. For float about on the ocean! The rafts however free of stroke the copyist are composed of a kind of gelatine. may be naturally, his effort to pro- The gelatine comes from a sticky duce a facsimile of another man's juice which the snail sends out and signature will make his scope a lit- which hardens when it touches the tle shorter than that of the original air and water. signer. Statue of Liberty Stories Mostly Pure Legend The Statue of Liberty was a gift of the people of France to the United States as a memorial of the frater- nal feeling between the two coun- tries and in celebration of the cen- tenary of American independence. In 1874 a committee was formed to raise funds and Frederic Augusto Bartholdi was commissioned to de- sign the statue. A sum of $700,000 was raised by combined effort of. more than: 180 French cities, 40 gen- eral councils, many societies and thousands of individuals. In the United States a $300,000 fund was raised for the erection of the ped- estal and the government authorized the use of the site on Bedloe's is- land. The statue was assembled there and unveiled October 28, 1888. Stories about prisons and dun- geons in the base of the Statue of Liberty which have circulated for some years are pure legend. Some rooms near the old sally port, how- ever, were used as guard houses, but these were only the ordinary military prisons such as every army post has. Morganatic Marriage A morganatic marriage, which sometimes is called a left-handed marriage becausethe left rather. than the right hand often is given t the ceremony, is the form of mar- riage which male members of some of the royal families of Europe and certain nobility formerly belonging to reigning families may contract with a woman of inferior rank. The wife does not acquire and the children of the marriage do not inherit the rank of the husband or father and the children do not suc- ceed either to the father's public position or to the property annexed to that position and belonging to him in virtue of his title.' In' some states, a morganatic wife or her children have no rights of succession in the private property of the husband, ex- cepting under will or marriage set- tlement. The term also is• applied when a woman of .nobility marries a man who is her social. inferior. Such a marriage is valid and while existing precludes any, other marriage. The children are legiti- mate. Again—Life on Mars?? Recent calculations using new data on the transmissivityof the earth's atmosphere confirm esti- mates made 17 years ago that the average surface temperature of the darkest areas; on the planet Mars during the long summer rises above freezing, indicating that plant and animal life could be sustained if it could be shown that ample oxygen and water are present. Dr. W. W .Coblentz of the national bureau of standards, using new transmissivity values based on measurements made by the Lowell observatory at Flagstaff,. Ariz., found that the Martian temperatures as calculated by four of the five methods used by him 17 years ago agree closely with those shown by the new method. In the fifth case the differences in calculations can be accounted for by the selective ra- diation from the planet, he said, Eskimos Have Almost Perfect Teeth; Chew Food The modern Eskimos are giving scientists a clue as to what biological conditions are. The Eskimos have a frightfully unbalanced diet, live in Unhygienic conditions, and apparent- ly do not give their jaws or teeth much attention. But they have al- most perfect teeth. Scarcely one Eskimo out of a hundred has a de- cayed tooth, while four out of five civilized white men have several -- decayed teeth. The secret seems to be in the way the. Eskimos chew. They have to chew or starve to death. The wal- rus and other meats on which they live are about as tough as elephant hide. An -Eskimo is busy all day long chewing his food to soften it enough to be swallowed. Sometimes they put the children to work on this softening process, having the youngsters chew the -food until it is soft enough for the older persons to swallow without work. This •man-sized chewing .assign- ment results in the development of powerful jaw muscles, a healthy jaw bone, and good teeth. The average Eskimo,' for instance, has a force of over 300 pounds in his bite. In con- trast, the typical American can bite with a`maximum strength of only around 125 pounds. These are not guesses, but scientific figures ob- tained by the use of a gnatho- dynanorneter which registers the strength of a bite. Obviously an Eskimo would be a tough adversary in a biting match, but the important thing is how this continual workout of heavy chewing improves jaw and teeth. The teeth benefit since theyare squeezed up and down a fraction of an inch in their cushions on each bite. This gives a -sort of a suction action, like a plunger in an electric washing ma- chine, which souses the root up and down in the vital juices and im- proves the nutrition df the tooth itself. Noisy. Blackbirds Have Reason for Squawking Why do the blackbirds in the Brit- ish ritish Isles make such a clatter in the evening, just before they go to bed?, They sound most perturbed, as if the garden was full of cats and other terrible enemies, but when you wan- der out to investigate, you find noth- ing but the blackbirds themselves, flitting unhappily from bush to bush and cackling with alarm. There must be some reason for all this noise, and it has been suggested that the blackbird cunningly makes a great outcry in one part of the garden or woodland, and then, at the last moment, slips quietly away to roost in safety somewhere else. And the cat, or other prowling enemy, which thinks it knows where a silly blackbird is sleeping, will later search in vain. There is another possibility, writes a correspondent to the Times of London. May not the blackbird's purpose be to draw the enemy from its lurking place? So that if no enemy appears the bird may conclude that there is nothing to worry about and that it is safe to go to bed in the usual bush. Where- as, if a cat or other prowler does show itself, there will still be time to find another roosting place. Thus the blackbird's apparently senseless outcry and its habit of flitting' to and fro in the high -light of dusk might both be explained. Wedding Ring Ancient The wedding ring dates back to at least the Second century B. C., when it was merged with the be- trothal ring. Its origin has been at- tributed both to the Egyptians and the early Romans. At first it was secular in significance, the Romans using a signet ring to indicate that the husband was endowing his worldly goods upon his wife and that she had the right to seal all such goods. The church apparently did not recognize the existence of the wedding ring until the Second cen- tury A. D. and the first record of a ring used in a wedding ceremony is in the Fifth century. Plain iron circlets were used at first but gradually these gave way to gold and gem -studded rings. Gim- mel rings, consisting of two or more loops linked together, were used for a long time. " Wedding rings have been worn on different fingers and even on the toes. In many countries both hus- band and wife wear rings and the common practice of wearing the ring on the third finger of the left hand supposedly arose from a popu- lar but erroneous belief that a vein ran straight from that finger to the heart. Brazil's Diamond Center • Diamantina, Minas Geras, .is the center of the diamond industry in Brazil. In the two countries since the discovery, more than four tons of diamonds have been produced. The largest one is called the Regent al and wouldbe worth Portugal , w rth more than one million dollars today. Another, the Star of the South, is owned by one of the weathy rulers of India.. While the diamond has always been considered the most precious stone, three-fourths of them are used for commercial purposes. Getting Out of Danger In an Electrical Storm Library of Congress Serves Whole Nation The Library of Congress, which was established in 1800 primarily for the service of congress, has become, in effect, the national library of the United States. Its main support is congressional appropriations, but it also has use of income from funds received from foundations and private sources. The librarian, appointed by the President, by and with the . advice and consent of the senate, is vested with direction of the library and is authorized to make all rules and reg- ulations for its operation and to ap- point all members of the staff. Its functions include all matters relating to procurement of material and making it useful to congress, the governmental establishment in gen- eral and the public at large. Use of the library for references is free to the public and its services are ex- tended through an inter -library loan system, photoduplication of books, manuscripts, the sale of printed catalogue cards and the mainte' nance of a Union catalogue. Hens Harm -Hogs It is very bad for pigs to let chick- ens stray into their pens, the U. S. department of agriculture warns. Not that the hogs are henpecked. But chickens are carriers of avian tuberculosis, to which swine are more susceptible than the fowls themselves. This has been proved in experiments carried out by scien- tists of the Bureau of Animal Hus- bandry at the Beltsville, . Md., Re- search center. Fifty chickens and 31 hogs, all reacting negatively to the standard tuberculin test, were penned with. 50, chickens known to be tubercular. They were kept together for a year, when the tuberculin test was repeat- ed. Positive reactions were ob- tained from 93,5 per cent of the. hogs, whereas only 54 per cent of the previously nontubercular chick- ens reacted. The remedy, department scien- tists point out, is obvious and sim- ple. Keep all chickens, even appar- ently healthy ones, severely away from the pigpens. TIIIJRS., JULY 30, 1942 One of the country's outstanding experts on what to do during • an electrical storm is Dr. P. L. " Be1 laschi, an engineer who has experi- mented with more than 400,000 man- made lightning bolts in his labora- tory at Sharon, Pa. Dr. Bellaschi knows that lightning kills about: 400 people in the United States every year. - He has investi- gated many of these° fatalities and has some sound advice to give his fellowmen who do not want to suffer thesanie sudden end. !dere are some of the doctor's tips: Keep off golf courses during an electrical storm. In fact, suspend all outdoor games until the storm is. over. Don't ride bicycles or horses and don't operate farm machinery, particularly tractors. Don't stand under trees, especial- ly isolated trees. Keep away from poles, masts and other such ob- jects that stick up into the air. Avoid wire fences and metal pipes. Get away from beaches, swim- ming holes, lakes and ponds—if you can—before the storm breaks. If you're working in the garden or out in a field,•get out of there and seek the protection of a building. If possible get away from high places, such as hilltops or ridges; head' for depressions which are not such attractive targets for lightning bolts. The expfirt who has studied light- ning "in the raw" and his own dupli- cations of the powerful electrical charges says it isn't a good idea to stay in the vicinity of stoves or fireplaces when the heavens are. flashing and booming. He doesn't think the attic is a good place to seek shelter, either. And it is silly to stand near an open door or an open window—even if you are not afraid of lightning and enjoy watch- ing the show. It is wiser to get in the center of a room. The per- formance may not look so pretty from there but the interested spec- tator has a much better chance of getting to see another one if. he follows this advice. Cranberries Long ago, and far before any white man stepped on our shores, theshrewd native Indian recognized • •cranberries as a wholesome "medi- Nature With Patience Saves Many Heart Victims Nature, with proper patient and medical co-operation, saves many a heart victim by short-circuiting the. blood flow between the surface ar- teries of the heart., This was revealed at a Los An- geles Heart association meeting by Dr. Richard D. Evans reporting; on new scientific advances in the diagnosis and care of coronary thrombosis, or the formation of clots in the coronary arteries which nur tures the heart with blood. The secret of nature's remedy, Dr,. Evans said, has been discovered by the use of. injection of an opaque solutionin conjunction °with the. X-ray. Normally, he reported, there is little connection between one artery and another, which is true of the two supplied by the aorta, or great heart artery, and which run over the surface of the heart on opposite sides, supplying the respective areas with blood. If a clot plugs up one of these coronary arteries, that part of the• heart formerly getting blood from it is cut off from its supply and be- comes starved, he stated. But, the speaker continued, the. new method of investigation has. demonstrated that in many in- stances the artery from the other side sends out new blood vessels across the heart which connect with the diseased muscle, or starved heart section, thus largely undoing° thedamage the clot has done. So, he reported, many with this ail- ment—more than 50 per cent—will) get well if they are tided over the critical period of some six weeks, while nature is developing the new blood channel. Philosopher Was Taught By His Noted Father The principal basis for this state- ment is the fact that John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), the English econo- mist and philosopher, received his education almost entirely from his father, James Mill, vyho was a his- torian in addition to being an econo- mist and philosopher. He began the study of Greek at three and this was heavily augmented with Latin, logic, economics, etc. Games and playmates were eschewed and the boy, after spending hours each day in study, would go on long walks with his father who would catechize him in detail. Constantly he was re- minded to accept no pronouncement on the authority of its maker but to question and survey it and to arrive at a solution independently. Unde- niably the younger Mill acquired cer- tain of the habits of thought and approach his father possessed. In addition to the effect of this exhaustive education and regimenta- tion Jolm Mill was influenced great- ly by ,the "utilitarianism" theories of Jeremy Bentham, an associate bf his father cine berry" and anticipated its, Rio's a Federal District health and vitamin values by sev- The city of Rio de Janeiro is not eral hundred years. It was the In- a part of the 20 states of Brazil. It dian squaw who taught the Pilgrim is a federal district, just as Wash- Mother how to cook this sour berry growing outside her door, and how to serve:. it with wild turkey, rabbit and game. Later, the New England sea captains took barrels of cran- berries along with them on their sail- ings around the Horn, and observant ones noted that the crew seemed less subject to scurvy. ington, our own capital, is a federal district. The Monroe palace houses the government and is ° near the southern end of the Avenida Rio Branco, one of the most beautiful boulevards in the world. It S9 110 feetwide, a mile and one half long and is lined with beautiful build- ings four or five stories high. Its side walks are of tile laid by 'Portu- guese tileworkers from Lisbon. If You Want to Know If two equal 'quantities of water, cold and hot, are placed under iden- tical natural freezing conditions, the cold water will freeze first, because of the time required to remove the heat from the hot water.'• To a limited extent it is true that water which ,first- has been heated will freeze more rapidly than un- heated water, provided they have the same temperature when sub- jected to freezing, because of the difference in density and theeamount of dissolved air, Cause of Peru's Infertileness The seacoast of Peru is a desert of rock and sand, betaus clouds from the Atlantic can cross the high Andean summits, while the cold waters of the Humboldt cur, rent sweeping up from the Antarctic. make the winter climate foggy and dismal -and winter in this latitude means ` the time from June to August, ' Yet Peru lies entirely with- in the tropics, and wherever there is water along the otherwise barren coast, the soil .yields rich.' returns. Each river valley, every irrigated section, is green with fields of cotton, sugar -cane, corn, vineyards and e no rain Blood Pressure Linked To Reckless Car Driving. Driving skill, knowledge of traffic regulations and sharpness of vision are not in themselves predetermin- ing factors that make for safe driv- ing, according to the results of a; one-year study conducted at the• New York university center for safety education. It was found, how- ever, that among persons examined there was a high percentage corre- lation between low blood pressure• and "proneness to accidents." • In a . report entitled "Personal Factors in Safe Operation of Motor Vehicles," Dr. Leon Brody, research associate in charge of the study, de- clared that observance of traffic obligations depends upon personal attitudes rather than ability; that drivers with good accident records. and those with poor records drive. similarly during road tests, and that visual acuity and color blind- ness—the only visual traits usually examined for licensing purposes— are no more important than other visual characteristics so far as safe- ty on the road is concerned. The study analyzes previous re- search findings and reports on the psychological and physical charac- teristics of 52 carefully selected automobile operators who had nego- tiated at least 50,000 miles in the five years up to August 4, 1940, when the study began, Why Plywood Plywood is the name given to boards made by gluing together, un- der high pressure, two or more thin sheets or plies of wood. Thenumber of plies may range all 'the way from two to six or seven or even more. One ofthe favorite materials for plywood is Douglas fir from the Pacific Northwest. Douglas fir plywood is made from "peeler logs"; that is, logs suitable for making thin sheets by rotary cutting. The veneer sheets are generally. glued together with the grains at right angles toone another. This, together with the peculiar quality of Douglas fir, makes the plywood non -warping, non -cracking and lighterin weight than solid wood of a thickness necessary to prevent curvature. 'Butter' From Turtle Eggs Giant turtles are found along the tropical rivers of South America, Some are three or more feet long and two feet broad and. weigh as much as 600 pounds. They come out of the water at night and dig deep holes in the sand. In these' holes two or three hundred eggs are laid and then carefully covered with sand. Millions oft these eggs are taken each year by the Indians. Most' of them are made into, oil for. cooking. They are put in large tubs where the Indians tread them into a jelly with their feet and then water is poured in, As the oil rises to the surface it is dipped off, put In stone jars and used as butter., World's Highest Capital La Paz, the chief city of Bolivia, is the world's highest capital. It has a singular location in a deep canyon of the central Andes. Though less ro- mantic than some cities it is rather more picturesque, andthe rocky sides of the canyon seem like stupen- dous walls built roundabout to pro- tect the red -roofed houses and the church towers. Oddly enough the legal capital is Sucre, farther south, but the government has its head- quarters at La, Paz, which is the commercial and railroad center as fruits, well. Bubonic Plague Bubonic plague is transmitted to man by the flea with rats, ground squirrels and numerous other ro- dents serving as reservoirs of the in- fection. An extensive fire, a ma- jor earthquake, a series of bombings, or other catastrophic happenings which might disrupt the present tranquility of the rodent population may make it necessary for the fleas with which the rats are infested to find a new host. If the new host happens to be man, an outbreak of plague may result with explosive suddenness. The incubation of plague is short and the rate of mor- tality •is ,high. After the disease strikes there is little time to think of preventive measures or therapeutic procedures. The chief defense is the - destruction of the rat and his relay fives. Eye Colors Follow Rules Heredity determines to a large ex- j tent' the kind of eyes that a child will possessin starting its life. Strong eyes, like .other physical characteristics, run in, some fame - lies. Similarly, eye weaknesses -as color - blindness,night blindness, near-sightedness or a predisposition towards cataracts—frequently are inherited from parents. Color of eyes follows fairly rigid rules. If one parent comes from a family all of whom have black eyes, it is almost certain that the child will black eyes, regardless of the color of the . other parent. In the case of . two blue-eyed parents, the child in all probability will have blue eyes. Found His Own Teeth Not a day passes in Montreal but some forgetful passenger on a Canadian train, leaves something ins. a sleeping car or diner. The "lost and found" department is the clear- ing house for inquiries.` One morn- ing a sleeping car porter turned'in a set of false teeth which he said` he found in the wash room. He was, back in "lost and found" a few hours later, looking sheepish, to report the loss of his own set of store teeth. He was shown the ones he had. turned in and promptly claimed. them as his own. "It shows the. honesty of us C.N.R. porters," he laughed, explaining he had forgot ten he carried a spare set when on. the road.