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The Clinton News Record, 1932-02-11, Page 6PAGE THE, CLINTON NEWS -RECORD memmessio Timely Information f or'the 0 , 1. 1.5 Furnished the of Agriculture ) � by Department� liaising Prolific Sows' • . Sterility in pigs '.is difficult to sure but most forms of it , can be Prevented by proper management. Fertility is heritable, therefore a1- ways select breeding stock'from large litters. Breeding sows mush have more protein and calcium than fattening stock in order to build up -flesh and bone in ' their young. The important sources of supply of these are. meat and protein meal, milk and legtnnin- ous pastures, Exercise is -.essen- tial for' regular production. Slime condition sometimes causes steril- ity, but this is when the pige are over -fat and laolc--e; er'nise Expos, ure in 'winter will :delay breeding. Contagious abortion is spread through afterbirth, dead piglings and discharge contaminating /the food; water and ibeddings. .The San Jose Scale That. tine San Jose scale, the bug- bear of the Niagara fruit growers, again loons up as a dire menace to the industry, was the statement of Prof. L. Ceasar, provincial entoniol- ogist, when addressing; the Niagara Fruit Growers' Association recently. Reviewing the history of this pest; Prof. Caesar declared it to be the worst menace to the fruit' trees that Ontario has ever known. Its revival was first noticed in 1029 after an absence of a dozen years 'from Nia- gara orchards. Since then the scale has increased tremendously, and he, feared that the mild weather condi- tions this winter, would result in its return next season to a very large- extent. arge extent. • Effective spraying of all trees with lubricating ail, using 4 per cent., was urged by Professor Cea- ses.. " -kale Corn and Fertilizers Many farmers are talking late planting of corn this year and fer- tilizing in an attempt to control the corn borer. In this connection, 0. A.G. officials conducted a test in Essex County, planting corn at three different dates a week apart. Suitable fertilizer wits applied at 200 pounds per acre. The fertilizer in- creased the yield of ears 700 pounds per nel'e in the earliest planting, and 716 pounds per acre in the latest. planting. Late planting meant a larger per cent. of immature ears at harvest in all eases; but from the" plots planted last there was 33 per cent. less soft ears in the fertilized area than there was on the nnfertiI- ized. The gain of fertilized corn eves' unfertilized had not only been maintained but had increased where the .corn was planted latest, and had been fertilized. This was in addition to barn yard manure. Good soil .preparation, good seed and pro- per cultivation must be provided if best results are to be attained. An Attractive 'Ionto "Oh, what an opportunity if I only had ,the tine!" This is the .re- tnark'ef a lady visitor at the Ontario Agricultural College recently. She had corse to the College to.. make enquiry about certain perennials which she wished to plant in the yard of her farm home, and was told about the short course of instruct - tion in landscape gardening to lhe given at the College from Feb, 15th to 19th. On looking over the pro- gram of this short course she saw that there were to be instructions and demonstratiores in garden plan- ning and the selection of the most suitable kinds of trees, shrubs and flowers, and she longed to take the course.. • The' opportunity is there fol her and for many . others, and no bet- ter way could be found for farm wo- men, or men either for 'that matter, to spend a happy, interesting week hi the middle of winter in studying and making -plans fox the beautifica- tion of their . filum homes so that their lives enight be more eujoyable 'in the. years td" oeme. All persons ifiterested in • this course should understand that there is no charge for instruction and that a program of the course many be had fdr the asking. Improving Live Stock Addressing a banquet of 600 live stock breeders and exhibitors• tender- ed by the Q.N.E. directors, Hon. Thomas L. Kennedy and Hon, Robert Weir offered the utmost. assistanets of _their departments to raise stand- ards and obtain cheaper feed, urged •quality breeding and stated that the Markets' were open for high-class: stock in uniform quality. Hon, Mr. Kennedy. declared: "We are going to tr'y .to get a large export market by pi -educing beef ,of a better quality than in any .country of" the world, and no tariff walls or exchanges will be able to keep it out of the United States or the export mar- kets of the' world. livery day buy- ers fvdn ' the United',States are searching the eastern part of the province for 'purebred T. Pe ';este, animals and the only reason Can- ada does not send more across the herder is that. there'�itr'e • not en- ough purebreds." The Minister alae paid tribute to the Junior Farmers teams and clubs which en- couraged the young farmers to ap- prceiate their opportunities and which taught them all the knowl- edge that load been obtained for the improvement of the industry. He said. "These young .farmers will im- prove the live stock of Canada to such a degree that the countries of the world will come to us. We shall not have to go to Denmark or any other eeuntry for cur purebred bacon sires. for there will be no place in the world where we can get the stock we will have in Canada." , Seeds Are Weed Menace Studies carried out by Canadian weed specialists shiny strikingly the menance of weeds through the multitude of their seeds. For in- I Stance, a single plant, of wilts mus- tard, sinkweed, fcxtail, pigweed, er campion, produces from 10,000, to 20,000 seeds: worm -seed mustard about 25,000; shepherd's purse about 50,000, and the tumbling ,mustard about -1,500,000. Moral: eeds should never be allowed to go to seel. About Threshing Of all. reports submitted at the recent 18th annual convention or the Ontario 'Brotherhood of Thresh- ermen, one.of the most interest- ing was that of W. G. Michael, Do- minion . Seed Branch, Harriston. This report covered a survey of Western Ontario threshing mills, which he made last autumn. s. 'Mi'. Miehael pointed out that light grain, and price of cutting, made 1031 a difficult year, Further, he found that most of the ,common makes of threshing mills were efficient providing they were in a good state of repair and adjusted properly. The survey re- vealed, however, that the weed screen in the shoe of most mills was entirely inadequate, the usual width of this screen being only 12 to 15 inches, and in some cases the screen was either plugged up or covered with a board. As there is plenty of room in the shoe of all sills for a screen at least four feet wide, Mr. Michael recommends • that a screen from three to four feet wide be made standard equipment in all new stills and that this screen be equipped with travelling brushes to keep it clean. A second. weed: screen hi the deck just behind. the cylinder was al- so reotlnnrnrended. This screen would catch most of the light weed seeds as sow thistle, which ordinarily go out with the straw. Other observations made int the survey were that 10 per cent. of the threshernlen. were careless, in, experienced and inefficient and that the work done by this group was unifot'mely poor. Some farmers in their anxiety to get the threshing over hi a hurry would. not give the thresher time to �adjnst his mill, at clean it properly,,and in some cases he was not allowed to put en enough wind to clean the grain properly. These cases 'were,. however, the, ex- ception rather than the rule. Grain and weed screens in some cases did, not receive enough care. Sonne mills were too lenge for Ontar- to conditions.' Sonne tractors were too small to keep'up steady speed, all •of which resulted in poorly cleaned rali n, Asn it is now becoming pr'aetico to market cotmnegeial grain direct from the threshing. mill without further cleaning,- it As most' important that thee grain con front' tho'threehing mill in a fairly clean state, and one of the objects -of the Brotherhood of Thresliermen is, through their organ' ization to improve the quality of work.•done.'by the average threshetr. Seeding Down Contribute:' by A. H. Martin, As- sistant sistant llirector; Crops & a Branch, D,epar•tnoent of Agriculture, Toronto; Ontario, , Something happened in 1931 `to give us an extremely bountiful crop of legume seeds. Apparently the eleanent& in league with old Mother Nature) anticipated . low prices for ,the farmer and in a. vain attempt to gig"e him a 1`enumer'atiors cash crop so arranged things that almost ev- ery clover field in the Country pro- duced its allotment of 'seed; seed that in most cases is 01 Very high quality. This bountiful supply, of home- grown legume seed is a real Ibiessing to all farmers, particularly those hot actually ou'' regularly engaged in the protjuetion of 'small seeds. The legume seed crop' in Ontario this past year has been estimated at varying amounts, Even the most conservative estimates place the 1931 crop at figures- that will insure am- ple hint quality. Alfalfa. Red Clover unci Alsike of hardly strains to meet the requirements of every f tuner in the .Prcvineo of Ontario. Due to the low costs of seed far - 'tilers niay seed down 10. to 20 acres more this year than they have been in the habit of doing, and at the eanie•tinna their total cost of .seed will be materially less than usual. Some sections of Ontario are not yet growing Alfalfa to any great ex- tent and if the truth were known the cause may be due to disappoint- ment caused by winter killing of im- ported seed. Ana sail builder, pas- turf: and hay crop producer, Alfalfa stnnshi supreme. As a green manure ern) Alfalfa opens up the soil a apd add; nit'ates and other plant fords to a value w:irth mneh, more than the price of'the seed. As a hay ern) Alfalfa cut yields all others both in quality and quantity. It was the only crop to remain green- fol' pastures, during recent very dry years in Western Ontario. In thosc sections where Alfalfa has not yet secured a foothold it should be sown in mixtures with other legumes. The Timothy hay market is now almost a thing of the past, yet thous- ands of bushes of Timothy seed are sown every year, more than half of which must be imported. If the Timothy acreage could be largely supplemented by legume hay crops. we could avoid importing seed with the danger of having new weed seeds introduced. This would also help in further creating a favourable trade balance. At the salve time we would be growing crops that yield on the average nearly a ton to the acre more than Timothy. Legume feed is of better quality for all farts animals except horses on heavy' work and the legume crops have a much more beneficial effect and are eas- ier on the hand than Timothy. Afs ter all can. we afford to grow Tim- othy in sueh large quantities as we have done in the past? All legumes are capable .of trans- ferring the nitrogen of the air to the soil and storing it there as nitrates. The nitrates in the plant food are the most expensive to supply. Where legumes are grown extensively it is seldom necessary to add any nitrate fertilizer. This in itself is a very material saving in fertilizer costs. Do We Seed Down Enough? This year Clover, `Alfalfa and Al- sike are very reasonable in price. Although no retail prices have yet been set, conditions would indicate that linices will be very materially below those of last year and in spite of low grain and live stock prices; farmers .must consider' the fertility and physical conditions of the soil Present conditions afford •a splendid o»poxtunity for a mach more exten, sive seeding down or legume crops for hay, for pasture and as a green manure crop to be plowed clown. Clean Seed Clover and grass seed markets have been vary dull and seeds have been moving only in .small quant! - ties Prices for small ,seeds have, 'how- ever, strengthened slightly in the United; States and .Iuurope. Sonia Canadian. Red Clover has already been exported to Great Brriteht, ±tnd taking into consideration 'the 0X - change it onay .be possible in the neat' :future tb ,overcome the i t'ohih- itive tariff of Sc per pound airs rot least some .of our surplus seed's oaf Iower grades may ice marketed in the United States. In view of these indioations and considering the present low prices farmers might well be advised 'to procure seed supplies curly. Due to the ;fact that hundreds of Atrmers saved clover seed this year who never did before and in many, cases no preparation was made ' to vend against weed seeds there Will no doubt be a lot of cloven' contra oft the mantel: very low in geedo due to weed seed eoittent, Thos lots shouts'° be thornugllly cleaned' before:bei'ng- THURS., FEB. 11, 1932' 1.14.2•41.26118.1S64+9.01.M.1021.01.1tesoaptalqiiIMMIEME., ,11••••=31.1•1,11.111011. al.'ferect :ior sale. Purchasers' in so littered t eiecl with altalfa hay tar at least einnption throughout Russia (which three months 'before hatching 'eggsis believed to have +a population of are wanted, and during that time I some 140 million) to oboist.kilograms' (110 lb.) 'a year that of dairy products to 325 kifograme (715 lbs.); to provide for a great extension of the chain of state -,owned and state operated. livestock lunches; and ex- tend the system of farms operatedon the now, well known collective lines (practically enforced) through groups of farmers who have pooled their resources and operate 'thein en- terprise jointly., The expectation 'is also that the development of large-scale state and collective •stock -breeding farms will solve the problem of supplying the necessary breeding livestock for this greatly increased precluctian pro, - gramme. .. The foul' basic livestock trusts un- deii the supervision of the Commis- sariat -for Agriculture had by the beginning of last year organized 660 state farms, while by July 10 the number had grown to 865. Tho new government proposals call fpr increasing the herds on the'state ands collective ranches by the end of the current year from 2,000,000 to 2,800.000 head of cattle, and from 050,000 to 1,000,00 ]togs: I'i1' es it is possible 'should use top' made seed 3e•watre of ungraded seed. In the first place it is unlawful for anyone to offer seed Tor sale ungraded, and aeeondly tutgraded seed is of very doubtful quality and often is a source of severe weed contamination.. Any fanner, by forwarding representa tive samples to the Dominion Seed Branch at Toronto or Ottawa May have .three samples graded free of charge. One prominent farmer sums a the p legume situation %very 'aply when he; remarked, "as for as my own farm is concerned I intend to seed down everything and slap it on thick." • Hints that Increase Incubation Efficiency Attention to detail during the ac- tual process of incubation, whether this be natural or artificial, is not enough to ensure maximum results. From the time when the pullets have concluded their first season's laying, and have become yearling hens, their eventual tine as breeder's must be borne in mind. A great clean of the bird's vitality has been given to egg production, and in order to rebuild its health, it must be force, into a period of rest and recuperation. This is best accomplished by removing the lay- ing mash from the pens of all con- templated breeders. around Novem- ber 1, thereby bringing on a moult, with consequent rest from Iaying, About the middle of January, or four or five weeks before eggs are re- quired for incubation, laying mash is again supplied to the birds, thus bringing on good production when it is needed. In those districts where alfalfa is grown, the hay will be found to pro- vide an excellent means by which in- cubation results may be bettered. At the Experimental Station, Sum- merland, B.C., the breeding pens are the birds are fed mange's as a'sup- elenrentary ,green feed This excel- lent combination gave 15.8 per cent. better fertility than straw litter. It might bb remarked that cod liver oil 'coiinprisinig 2 per cent, of the mash, was nseci in both cases. One of the reasons why artifieial incubation does not alway's show such goad results as when a hen ; is used as a hatching medium, is be- cause proper care is not given to the handling of ,the eggs prior to in- cubating. An egg commences to incubate at a temperature approxi- mating 68 degrees Fnhrenlieit. If hatching eggs are kept hi a kitchen or living roam, where the tempera- ture, More often than not, exceeds this mark during the day, and is far below it during the night, it cannot be expected that good results: may be achieved when such conditions prevail throughout the period when enough eggs are being collected to set an incubator. - Incubation results are to a great extent what the poultry man makes them. RUSSIAN PLANS FOR LIVESTOCK Russian agencies have recently made public the details of a Soviet plan for the expansion of the „Rus- sian livestock and meat industry de- signed apparently to overcome the shortage of meat and dairy products that exists in the cities. As an- nounced, the plan of the Soviet Un- ion aims to double the domestic per capita consumption of neat and dairy products within the next few years. The plan, which is purely domestic, seems to have been made necessary for the supply of the Vast urban population, estimated by some writ- ers as high as 60 million people, who, if the "four-year scheme" accom- plishes its intended end, will be em- ployed in cities and towns and will be the chief "consumers" on the in- creased scale. Officials expect to raise neat con- A government hog breedng center had been required to fatten and de- liv=er to the government packing plants not less than two million hogs before the end of 1932. A system of premiums, both in kind and in cash, is to be introduced for Managers, workers and special- ists in state livestock and dairy col.' leotit'es' for overfulfillment of the program. Two hundred million dollars will be spent this year for the construction of 30 meat packing plants. Hcwever, if Russia is to realize the present plans to supply 60 million urban population with 110 lb. of meat per capita and if, say 50 Ib. of this were to be pork and its products it would require about 20 million hogs. The plan to produce 2,000,000 within the next two years looks like having a long way Id gobefore do- mestic requirements will ,be met. .1tait Tell s about Yourselves SUMMARY OF EDUCATIONAL. CAMPAIGNS Carried, Out BY The .Canadian. For- estry Assucial'•ion in Past Twelve Months. , Despite the heavy financial handi caps osi_a purely voluntarily society during such a period as the' past twelvemonths, the Canadian Fores- try Association managed to performs far-reaching educational service in 'the safeguarding of woods, waters and wild' life. 'One of the proofs that Canadians have a cleep-rooted inters est in -the condition of the natural resources is found in the advance- ment of the Association's individual- ly -paid membership by over 2,000, making this Canadian Society - the. largest of its kind in the world. As a means of heading off forest fire trouble by public cooperation, the Association obtained the voluntary help nI twelve radio stations which gave repeated weekly broadcasts dosing the fire season. Moro than 2500 Junior Wardens, senior lads selected for leadership, were set to work in as many forested districts. Association lecturers, travelling the frontier country in motor trucks and' railway lecture ears, held 869 public mass meetings utilizing motion pic- tures iatures made by the Association to enforce lessons in fire prevention and the guarding of fish and same. Con- stant instruction was kept up in 8,000 rural schools from coast to coast, • • • One the prairies, to meet the usu- al situation caused by the blowing out of crops and other consequences of wind damage, 39,000 farmers were instructed in the planting of shelter belts of trees the sono known antidote for the destructive conditions of 1931 causing the total loss of crops to thousands of settlers. The whole purpose of the Canadian Forestry Association's work is .to safeguard the nation's vast wealth of forests which not only give life to the forest industries, but are the main magnet to the growing tourist traffic and the supply house `of all fishing and hunting. An advertisement addressed to the manufacturers of our town. WE'D ALL. FEEL MUCH BETTER IF YOU WOULD TELL US, PERIODICALLY, IN THIS NEWSPAPER, ABOUT YOUR ACTIVITIES. Where do your products go? - How are they used? What makes them attr'ac-r• five to those rube buy them? What classes of dealers distribute them? .'hese are some of the questions you can. answer. Then, too, you can tell us about the processes of manufacture and about any wonderful machines used. How does chemistry enter into your activities?- Do changing fashions or changing conditions make it hard for you' to operate your .business .profitably? • You see, when we know a lot about what you are doing and attempting, we feel much more friendly toward you, and our friendliness is, probably, something whish you want always to have. Then, too, if we know agood deal about yon' enterprise, the can talk about it—'pridefully. So, periodically, publish in this newspaper answers to the questions as above asked, . and so earn ourg ratitude and make us the better able to talk to others about your enterprise and about its oalue to our town and territory.