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Clinton News Record, 1945-01-04, Page 6It lllci Lid i1V.LUNV1VWrirb'-SECIMLI Iptic Nerve Connecta ' Fat Still Remains Best • Insurance on Farm Loans ' `Rock $alt Wor4s' U d ' F` S l With Both Sides of -Brain Centrary,to popular belief;' the 'op - tie nerve, from .'one, eye 'does not awing over completely to 'e o o'- p , Y v, the PP site side,of the brain says , , the Bet- 'terVisionills)ittite. JReceht,resear,.ch 8S' sh " h o ii�` w that.•.about Mhalfaof the ,fibers of the optic erve`cros ovet s ' in ...them substation k ow 'as ' the •chiasm;.:and-proceed'.to`the eciital .,4 P )otic, on they opposite „side -'of ',the brain. The'•bth r e, t , e ha1� of the nerve' continues along to''the occipital lobe on • the'eanile.si e. ; . In the lower vertebrates, such as Ashes, snakes end most birds, the crossingofthe ^optio fibers is•corn- plete ,so that it would 'appear that the visuai'°center On' die side of Vie "dread. is`'coiicerned, wliolly with the eye oh the opposite side''''.However, 'the higher an animal is tin therscele of development, :tile .lss complete is the crossing 'of optic nerve fibers. In man'there is 'a larger' part of thee'optre'nerve going- to the;,same. - side' of the brain than•in any, •other, animal. Just why the'nerve telephones. be- t twee' eye and brain are so arranged in man' is not known, continues the i institute, adding'however, that it is believed that this partial decussa- tion may have an important bearing d upon man's binocular, vision. Al- though we see things twice with two' eyes, there is only one visit./ sense- i tion in the brain. p e Source for "Glycerine 'Fat has reinained•the of lyeimpor taut and econpintieal ' 'Soure of 1 cel g y rine in the :eight;decades aha have passed , since Alfred B. Nobe commenced'. his r ex eritne , ,p , its lir. the etiliza,tion' of thet�e' '1'oisivepower o tro Fe p f na Soap :Fes that r ap r t - ,, r of .,. the oa ' s n ' e d trgenerally; PiusCho p h Y, ,ug, to be' rerngte.° Rona, _the ;direct'•: r effort) finds itself, shouldered with ui'.., tile£ irespd isobu ":of, prociuc g •??i ficienY g"lycerme to meet $`he., great demands,, for light explgsiyes�.by the aimed services,"both of. this, country and the United Iations•, and";the min- ing industry„ ; ,• R+r•;. Glycerine, always important be- caus f, it many_uaes.in';industry n edicipe, .and •th`e arts,""is a vital product" "today because it' is an sential ingredient of the high ex - Urged by Private;lnvestors That ;.the •establishment of . a syr ., tem of Mort agel•insura ce for farm li g �! t: mortgages sipiilar; to' that in effec for Federal i4od in administration inistra s g m tion residence tonna, would •sery sa' d .t n,:.w reta,..ad ed pr,�r actions, a ainst` ;'recurre ce t, g ia ,.?} of'"infa tion in land values ,suet na occurred •after the last World' :war, is suggested in a report of the•far loanehcommittee of ; then Mortgage g. Bankers - Associati'on of America. •iAtiiong, the'- oints cited h "•the P Y•r committee in; -favor, of this • innova trgth,in, farm mortgage, banking was the a "rsertion , that such, a' system would. greatly ince se the su ply. of private ave' a • `' V iun�s ti hie for tht5eld. . Mgae yiliform .rates of .interest„ a rn}ninium of service charges"..and more; standardized" practices in se- curing and servicing .loan's would result, if declares. plosives. demanded by war. The de- mand for glycerine is constant and urgent -for explosives such as dyna- mites fore.propellants ;such , as cor- dite, and for 'hundreds of other pur- p�ses contributing to the welfare of he United States and. her Allies. then the war nraclunes start- poli- ng, glycerine is indispensable. ''It is indispensable from the be- ginning of the fight to the end. The efense worker uses it in production; the soldier needs it for battle; the wounded man is grateful for it in he field hospital. Tanks, ships and laneslast longer because of glyc- rine. Precious rubber is made more durable. Food is more easily ransported. Wounds heal better, and urns are more successfully treated. What used to be mortal. infections re now being cured by its help as base for the new sulphonamide U. S. Sericulturist Develops t New Mulberry • Tree:. A United States research special- a ist in sericulture hasdeveloped a a new strain of mulberry tree which he believes will contribute to cul- ture of silk in the other Americas. The specialist is 1]r. Vartan K. Osigian, who returned recently to Washington from Venezuela, where some 2,500,000 trees of the new strain which bears his name—Mo- rera Osigian-are growing on seven plantations. ` Silkworms feed on mul- berry leaves. • According to Dr. Osigian, the mul- berry tree he has developed pro- duces a crop of leaves in six months —leaves which he says are more tenor, have more sap. and are six -'to-eight =times as large as the usual leaf. Dr. Osigian explained that the silkworm has five senses and is dis- criminating in its0choice of food. The baby larvae prefer chopped leaves. Dr. Osigian said a silk worm placed on the usual leaf will go to one from the new type of tree placed nearby. Dr. Osigian claims that the silk- worms feeding on the new type of Mulberry -tree, form • cocoons --larger than usual, producing about 3,000 yards of silk filament instead about, the 1,000 to 1,500 yards usually .pro- duced. Tax Revenues e ederal government fared con- siderably blit: , than the states if the„revenue-picture of the Last two calendar years is viewed exclusive- ly`°3n terms of the three major ex- cise taxes—cigarette,gasoline and alcoholic beverages -levied by both levels of governmedr. • ,Taken 'together the three taxes yielded ; the, ,federal government $2,5181000,00,0 in. 1943 as compared $2,3,49,000,900, in 1942, an in /crease of 7:5 percent. The states' yield from these sources was $1,180,- 000,000 in 1943. as compared with $1,550,000,000 in 1942, a declihe in collections of 23.9 per cent. When individual taxes were con- sidered' in ,terms of total revenue for both levels of government, only the,cigarette tax succeeded in bring- ing in more money in 1943 than in 1942. This was the. result largely of arise in federal rates,the addition in 1943 of Delaware, Florida and New Mexico to the list of states tax- ing tobacco, and a few changes in state Fates. R F Rai n . e . g Neede o t a Assure Glycerine Supply, l'n summing., up the reasons for the present actite shortage glycerine, Paul C. Cabot of the WPB salvage division stated that follow- ing a loss of normal imports; of fats and oils 5 from the" -Phili Philippines and PP thee Ear., East the War. Production' board;had'reduced;the permitted use, (4,' l ce rine t = ,g Y F .,< q 70 per'cent :of. 1 40, �,., consumption. • While this a somewhat eased e the situation,', Mr. Cabot added"it was found. . necessary to place glycerine on an allocation, basis, thus -^drasti sally cutting its, mon-milita. r use n curtailing Y tur ;the, amount manufactur-' els werepermitted.to use -in their products. " "In spite of these efforts it was found that the war tame glycerine re- quirements'could be filled only by ef- fective, salvage efforts in the home, restaurants,, and, army and navy camps throughout the nation. "The naval • establishments of the) country," he said, "are contributing' approximate }y one million' pounds of waste' fats ,pdr• month, and the army cantonment§.are salvaging about five, million pounds, each month. Restaurants and hotels have also been doing a fine job in salvaging greases: t"If every housewife in the nation saved as little as one tablespoonful of waste fats each day, ..the total would produce a pound per month per family, or between 350,000,000 and 450,000,000 pounds per year, an amount which would greatly help in providing for the war needs of our own forces and those of our Allies. To obtain this result the co-opera- tion of the retail meat dealer, and the food locker operator is indispen- sable." Ice, Keeps Highways Safe F'e ,. Faced t.� .ue , ..i• th,�the,.nepessit of ;keen - t, Y ing„,defense,.,trafflc„moving despite snore and i, •, ,, r ;ice storms, and handl- ca b Pp o a sew Y re `s Orta e ofman, e,. e t and r. Peer to clear scree' ,,. , a is a4rd -roads% s quickly, street and ,highway officials ora a ups gafnst ; theft ti2ardest;).pr7 b; m Lena ig years ,., , r ., .As a re s lt,there.has been an•un-• . u, t precedented: demand forrock' salt t for snot«? and tce• removal. ' IyIany ton's of rock salt were' uichase' ' b th P: d . Y e iarger�eities: -Thee' use of rock, salt - for this • ur- osec;' A p rs».at.re'latively;neiv' develop- ment. Once used „in small quanti tie to keep- cin q • quanti- ties „ der piles from freez- ing, it is ,now supplanting cinders in ice. control Work: When 'first spread on snow or ice it acts as an abrasive, then •by auger action it works beneath the surface, where it forms a.,brine"and loosens the bond between ice and pavement. Passing traffic. breaks, up the loos- ened ice or snow so that snow plows can reprove it readily' `without re- peated scraping. 'In most cities rock salt is used as a' preventive at. the first sign of snow. It is spread particularly on hills,. and at intersections so that ice cannot form. at all. Usually only one appli- cation is required, an;economy for street' maintenance men, and it' has the added' advantage of leaving no residue to clean up afterwards or to. clog sewers. An 'unfavorable, factor in the farm mortgage picture at the present time, as far as these targe institu- tional investors are concerned. is that they tend to overcrowd the best farm loaning territories' and avoid the larger portions of the farm lending territory except in" "the dangerous periods of farm price in- flation.” It is also suggested that the system would provide the neces- sary machinery for reasonable post- ponement. of principal payments on farm mortgages in times df business and agricultural recession thus go- ing a long way to eliminate large liquidations by foreclosure, a prin- cipal factor in previous farm dis- tress. ointments. Colored Smoke Grenades Used for Army Signals • Colored smoke grenades, a new Music. Only a Sideline type of signal device, have been de - To Marine Corps Band "Persons who conceive of military musicians as 'stay-at-homes' who have nothing to do with the fighting overseas, would be surprised if they could visit this marine jungle out- post," writes Sergt. Charles R. Gor- don, marine combat correspondent, in a report on musical activities in the South Pacific. "In the marine corps every man is a fighting man. `Field musics,' as the marine officials call the men 1 who comprise their bands and drum and bugle corps, -mix music with musketry. They carry rifles and o bayonets as well as the less mur- derous. trombones and trumpets.” Nearly.:. every- evening, Sergeant Gordon states, the band must fur- u nish music at some camp or island e function,,, On Sundays it plays for c chapel services.. Regular band prac- tices last from .two -to three hours daily. Aside from these musical duties, band members must find time for a rigorous combat training P in jungle country, and must become t expert marksmen. "To every marine -music -man mu- sic is only a sideline now.” veloped by the army chemical war- fare service, the war departmen h This is the first time, says Mr. Y has announced. The device whic serves to control and identify arm units, and has other uses, is avail able in all theaters of operation. Advantage of the grenades ove signal pistols and rockets is tha they are more readily seen, as the throw off a dense smoke._ for tw three minutes; which hangs in a cloud. , The, grenades. come in various bril ;ant colors, and in black. They can beset off on the ground or dropped from a plane to explode in the air r, through a time fuse; after they have hit the earth. 4-H'ers Become Cattle Raisers in Massachusetts Fourteen future dairymen in Mas- sachusetts have recently become half owners of purebred Holstein bull cal H I state leader of 4-H club work, has t announced. ves, ar ey A. Leland, assistant Causes of Costly Poultry Leland, that Massachusetts or any - New England state has ever carried out such a plan for promoting better r bulls among the- 4-H club members. t It is sponsored by the. New England Y Holstein Breeders association in co- o operation with the club department. Breeders throughout New England have donated calves which are four - to six months old when the 4-H mem- • bers take them. Each member must make a deposit of $5'which goes r into a general insurance fund; must raise the animal until next fall; and must show the animal at county or local fairs. They lend themselves to numerous ses. For example, troops surround - d by the enemy,can set,oft different olored grenades to indicate to ob- ervation planes that they need food, medicines or different types of am- munition. On the" other hand,'observation lanes,.,�hunting, enemy concentra- ions, can adjust time fuses and drop grenades on.,ground targets;,tthus not My pointing out. locations to follow - ng bombers, but, tl>,reughthe ;color, the type of target. Government Market New York state farmers last fall sold more than 150.0'0 bushels of apples and nearly .3,000,000 tons of cabbage to', the food distribution branch of the department of agri- culthre, ' These purchases by the gov- ernment .;are a .part of the,seven billion pounds of,.food bought since March, 1941, for our armed forces, the'United `Nations, and for distribu- tion'irere athome through the school lunch program. Purchases were. made from both large and small growers. Smallest' purchase of cab- bage from one farmer was about' two .tons, largest single purchase was 79 tons. Onondaga county farm - ere sold the government 563 tons; Monroe, 532; Niagara, 269; Oneida, 281; and Cayuga, 227. Columbia county.' farmers ',sold the largest amount of apples.to the govern- ment, 43,307 bushels,. Other farm- ers in Ulster county sold 26,571 bush - 1 of apples; in Clinton, 20,525; and Dutchess, 17,349. Principal varieties sold were Cortland , Baldwin, Snow, and McIntosh. rogs • Possibly small reptiles,.fishes and other small forms of life may be drawn up in a waterspout' and dropped, but an actual rain of rep- tiles. is not a matter of scientific record. Weather bureau reports show that in some, parts of the country frogs have been observed as falling during a rainstorm, but the explanation is that frogs were drawn up in a wa- terspout or vortex of whirling storm from a pond and carried some dis- tance before being precipitated. Moreover, during a protracted peri- od of dry, weather, frogs and toads bury themselves in the earth, dig- ging down in search of water and relief from heat. Following a heavy rainfall they emerge ' from the ground and persons seeing them hopping about,. themselveshop to the conclusion that the frogs rained Gift of Sea Italy's Mediterranean climate is Largely the gift of the sea which sur- rounds the country on three. sides. How important this. moderating in- lgence is can be seen . bytreeing the, Italian outline on a map of north, ventral United States. . Extending !ram northern Minnesota to southern Illinois, the corresponding Arnerioan area is one of "continental • -eye- ;remes of heat and cold. , The lowest errrperature ever recorded in tem- rerate-Rome, halfway along the west roast of Italy, was 16 degrees above zero. In a United r States city of Rome's latitude, Des Moines, Iowa,. • he mercury has dropped to 27 be - Need „ Food Sources Victory gardens will 'be empha- sized in 1943 se never before, and products from them will be worth their weight in gold. Government figures on military demands on the commercial 1943 pack of canned fruits and vegetables .show that about 33 pounds of canned foods will be available for each civilian in 1944. In the prewar period, we used about 46 pounds. That means that about one-third of our fruits and vegeta- bles will need to come from victory gardens if we are to have amounts similar to' the . prewar period. Of course, we would be better off nutri- tionally if we used even more, espe- cially more of tomatoes, greens and green and yellow vegetables, which can be easily grown in the victory r down. ga den. Anti -Noise Regulations Methods of enforcing . municipal anti -noise ordinances vary consider- ably from city to.,city,;,though they are limited inmostcommunitiesto police warnings and nominal fines. Educational campaigns have been successful in many cities in securing cooperation of the public in; observ- ing anti -noise ordinances. -.,.In a few cities, jail sentences have. been .im- posed, however.- pines imposed by many ordinances, also, range up to $500. More than 50 per cent of the nation's 'larger cities have'anti-noise ordinances. In• addition;many cities have traffic, nuisance and other or- dinances. designed to regulate noise to some extent. Seek More Fats Production of fats, : and oils from domestic materials in the 1942 crop is estimated at 11.7 billion pounds compared with 9.6 a year earlier. Goals. for 1943 call for increased: acreage of flaxseed and peanuts„and a. soybean acreage, only slightlyless than the record acreage in 1942. The cotton goal, ha's` been reduced, how- ever, ' to permit' greater utilization of resourees'for more' essential crops such as •peanuts ,and feed + grains. With normal; yields, production., of vegetable oils from domestic materi- als may total -4,3, billion pounds in the 1943 crop • year, compared with 4i2 billion pounds this^year. Weather was ,unusually favorable in+ 1942. The upward trend; in +.lard, tallow, and grease production,is expected to continue in 1943, but may be part- ly offset by reduced butter produc- tion. Grandstand in Solomon The southern mountain slopes o Santa Isabel island made a good grandstand from which a few thou- sand natives could view recent ac- tion between American and Japa- nese fighting ships. Santa Isabel is one of the largest of the,Solomons, says the National Geographic so- ciety, 110 miles long, and at places as much as 25 miles in width. The whole is covered from end to end by mountains densely covered with tropical forests and lush ground vegetation. Mount Mareseot, near the southeastern ,end, rises 3,900 feet high. The island 'is' a central link in the northern half of the 900 -mile dbuble chain of Solomon Islands. One of:the? wildest and least. -populated 01 the Solortions, Santa Isabel has native settlements only, at the. two ends of the island._ At a special auction, in co-opera- tion with the annual Holstein sale, these 14 prospective herd sires will be sold: All expenses will be de- ducted anti the ,• net profit will be divided between. the 4-11: member and ,the dairyman who donated the calf, Prize money will also be given for the best jobs of fitting and train- ing the animals: • Lamp Shade Care Now that the War Production board has ordered thumbs down on wire lamp -shade frames, shades Made of silk and other fabrics have joined the list of household irreplace- ables. Unshaded lights ;are not an immediate prospect, however. With proper care, fabric shades that are now in good condition can be made to.,last for many more^years. All lamp -shades should. be 'frequently dusted with, a. ,soft• clean brush or a vacuum cleaner attachment, but fabric shades sometimes need more than brushing to remove ingrained dirt. - "'The most practical way to banish harmful dirt is by soap and water washing. Metallic ribbons and braids, or other trimmings that may not be washable, should be removed. The shade should then be doused tip and down in a tub of luke-warm soapsuds until the colors brighten and the dirt floats out. A soft brush may be used if the soil is stubborn. Rinse in several clear waters of a lukewarm .temperature. Speed in e f washing and drying will reduce col- or'loss•in fabrics that are not color- s fast. Drying can be hastened by placing the shade in a current of air from the windows or an electric fan. Blottingwith a soft cloth will also shorten the drying period. b c CI It pays to be sure that the water in a steam heating boiler is clean, 'Dovetailing' Saves Time Dovetailing, or doing more than one task at a time, is one way of saving ,time and energy when pre- paring meals. It is a method well worth considering now when the homemaker has so many demands for her, time. Cooking enough pota- toes for three meals at one time is an example of dovetailing. For the first meal, a third of them may be served buttered or mashed. The other two-thirds may be placed in the refrigerator to be used for escal- loped ,potatoes, potato salad or creamed potatoes. This saves fuel, as well as time and. energy. An- other way ofdovetailing is to pre- pare part of the dinner foods while getting lunch. Apples could be baked and a pudding made or vegetables cleaned (but not 'peeled ahead of time) while lunch is cooking. • )finish Preserves Floor There has been developed in the last few years a factory -finished floor that resists scratches and stays lustrous with lasting beauty because the finish, applied at the factory, penetrates the flooring and forms a tough elastic seal in the wood. These f doors are easily laid and come in severaltypes, Disease Remain Unknow Avian -leucosis, a complex diseas of poultry that causes more losse to poultrymen than any other ma ady except coccidiosis, is best co trolled by keeping growing bird away from the flocks of older bird and by keeping the chicks on ran that has been free of poultry for a least two years. Horses Aid Marines in Maintaining Patrol Duty n Early records show that the first e mounted marines in the United s States were British and that they I- were evacuated from Portsmouth, n- N. H., in June, 1779, They were s known as Manley's marines and had s, been cavalrymen under General rang Tlltns unary Transplanted Seedlings Small Field Houses' Are Raise Good Garde Crops s q , p .. a eY'°a v J good'"'gardeli`"'crops''a�re usually started from seedlings that have been - transplanted u•' P once .or Ce:. I � These .crops are usually ei- ther long -season crops thaty . woUld hot mature in the: short,growing 'sea- son if they were planted a. P a d outdoors iter the weather became . war r'rlon h in 'm g the spring, ero's:th '. tin no "' g P that grow 'well in the hot mid- summer weather,.but do grow well in the cooler fall months, Herne gardeners ners can usually grow their own plants of late cabbage, brussels sprouts and otherg . in,,. plants,as the fall grow• seed can be sown 'ntdoo •s 10 late spring, and the nh,nts set out in July or late June rat the earliest. But tomato, muskmelons, pepper, '.eeplant , and some other crops should be started indoors in the cold \' either, to make plants that can be sa't in the garden after danger of. frn.'t is past, and the weather is! warm enough for these warmth-lov- toe plants to grow well. The gardener who has a hotbed, or perhaps a greenhouse, can grow This own plants. If he has �a large Carden, or grows plants for a com- mercial crop; or to sell transplants to his neighbors, the system works well, Some farmers grow good plants in a brooder -house window. But many families try to grow to- mato and other seedling plants in lints or flats in a kitchen window, or some other spot in the house. All too often, they finally have to buy their plants from some plaht grower anyway, as their seedlings die. or get so spindly and weak that they are late in prod?,",, s Burgoyne. • t The United States marines never had cavalry for their mounted r troops. Official records called them e "mounted detachments” and the e world has nicknamed them "Horse h Marines," , Four years ago the most famous 1- detachment of Horse Marines, that of the Legation in Peiping, China, - was disbanded and the men absorbed ay into other regular marine units, • United States marines first went of to China during the Boxer Rebellion e of 1900. Nine years later a mounted detachment was formed to maintain e a mounted patrol at night. It also e tools a weekly census of all Ameri- cans living, in Peiping and its sub• s urbs. Men of the detachment were familiar with the place of residence • of all Americans, the location of all legations, and .Chinese government buildings so that they could be sent - anywhere, trouble, broke out:. According to Prof. C. W. Bake of, the New,York State college Iittl is yet known about the causes of th many types of, this disease, whic strike different parts of. the bird causing big livers, gray eyes, para ysis of various parts of the body rapid loss of weight, and death. Re search workers believe that it m correspond to tumors ,in humans and that any progress in study one disease will aid the work on th other. If birds affected with this diseas are promptly removed from th flock, the spreadto other birds can be reduced, he pointed out.: .,A studies .show that .growing stock reared near older birds,..suffers Much• more from leucosis than does, Success for Earrowingi J tr A least seven pigs a'litter can be' raised „for wartimepork if sani a-' t . tion precautions are reasonablycora- Pieta in using small,:one-litter• field'. houses: for farrowing quarters, in-'' stead of the old -type central hog - house. house. So S sue • successful fu is the small house, system that more and more farmers, are l ado tin it and p • g turning` their' central',houses into shelter for ma, chine, calves or chickens. One- method: with the small • field' d. houses is to scrub all of them early, then scatter them two rods apartrj in a field where no hogs have been for a year. The houses and ground; beneath, them should have a full) week or longer to dry. Then the-' houses should be half filled with straw. About a week before the first lit-. 1 tees are due, all sows should be washed (on a mild day) and turned into the field. They may be fed to- gether in one place both' before and after farrowing, depending upon the I sows' instinct to guide their nesting,;) eating and drinking habits. On sorne farms using these scat- tered houses, sows are separated by electric fence, allowing about eight to the acre, Another method is to line the little. houses in a solid row and separate,. litters by low panels of fencing while. the pigs are small. Men who follow, this plan have more work to do and usually have to contend with mud - in the lot, which is perhaps 6' by la3 feet. in which the sow and letter, ate'', confined for a week or two, ' op Many Servings Can Be Obtained From Meat Cuts. young growing stock that has been isolated;; the disease is probably eas ily spread,; and that the • older' birds are.,a -source;.of infection,.- - .,, • • Turbulent City Messina, Sicilian city' with a his- tory as turbulent as' it is' long, is atbsorbing•a,.newikindof punishment —this time from bombs dropped by Allied planes. • Just across the strait of the same name from the toe of Italy, the city is drawing fire, as the terminus of the ferry bringing mu- nitions from the mainland for. Sicil- ian airfields. Change and misfortune have been Messina's lot. Rule has shifted at least ten times in the last 3,000 years. Since 1743 the city has weathered four catastrophes. Latest and most ruinous blow was the earthquake of 1908. Most of the buildings were leveled and upward of 77,000 persons killed. The United States generously aided the suffer- rs. The new city was planned to with - tend earthquakes. It has wide streets, no buildings are over two stories high and all factories are in- cluded in one area- This "zona in- dustriale," along the coast south of the harbor, makes a conspicuous omb target. The harbor has been alled the busiest under the Italian 1 Air in Stratosphere Fighting planes today fly the stratosphere, six or seven miles up, in, air- far.' too thin for 'human lungs. Super-charging•;or, providing; proper atmospheric pressure in the cabins creates many engineering problems, many; of -which are far from com- plete solution.. Engineers are study- ing„an ingenious system for the cab- in supercharger drive. Obviously, the higher the plane goes the faster must the supercharger run. At low levels a speed 01,2,500 rpm may be sufficient, whereas an elevation of 30,000 feet may require' -a, speed of 10,090 rpm. The density of the air itself may provide an automatic con- trol for the speed.n, T'he fan tends to run faster as the plane rises, with a consequent increase in operating can Water in Boiler flag. says the Plumbing and Heating In- dustries bureau. There is a definite relation between the condition of the water in a steam heating boiler and the general over-all operating ef- ficiency ofthe plant, the bureau points out. A boiler with clean wa- ter has a faster heating pickup, uses less fuel, and facilitates the depend- able operation of safety devices. Wa- ter in a boiler may become dirty from a number of causes such as organic matter in water, rust and scale, dissolved solids caused by in- termittent boiling, and oil which finds its way into the water. Prepare' Cement for Paint The Federal Housing administra- tion cautions that cement',which is to be painted with oil paint should be allowed to weather for several months before painting to allow for neutralizationof the alkali in the cement by the carbon dioxide in the air. If it is not convenient to wait for this weathering period, the ef- fecter' , areas may be washed with a solution of two pounds of zinc sill - !ate in -a gallon of water. After al- ,owing this to: dry thoroughly, ,the paint,.may be appliefi without the Unger of,the alkali burning through the film and ruining the paint film. Moreover,, their horses could take them through Peiping's narrow streets which were closed toe auto- mobiles and' motorcycles, New Guinea Rich "Few of us have any idea of the magnitude of New Guinea or what that sparsely populated land has to offer to the world,” states Dr. Rob- ert M. Glendinning, associate pro- fessor of geography of the Univer- sity of California, 'With its area of more than 300,- 000 square miles, the exact area be- ing unknown; New Guinea is the largest island in the world, if we choose to consider Greenland' and Australia as continents. It is about twice the size of California and near- ly three times that of the British Isles, • "As an important battle arena, these largely unsurveyed regions are destined to be developed under the aegis of the United Nations, and their commercial future seems as- sured by virtue of vast natural re- sources. The gold deposits alone have gained considerable attention, Weight in Silo A silo may be half empty when it is more than half full, owing t the greater density of the lower lay ers resulting from silage pressure, The increasing weight of silage from top to bottom is important in calcu lating the amount removed, and the amount remaining in a partially empty silo. It is usually impossible to get scale weights, and the ton- nage must be estimated in order to place a value on each part. Farm- ers moving froin one farm to anoth- er in late winter may have to agree on a price for feed left in the silo when possession is given. The cal- culated • weight of a cubic foot, or four-fifths bushel, of silage at the top of the silo is approximately 18.5 pounds. At depths of 30 to 40 feet, settled silage weighs ,between 60 and 70 pounds a cubic foot. Clay Products Available Although a major part of the out- put of the country's 800 brick and tile plants will be utilized, in con- struction of war housing and other government projects during the next six months, there will be ample clay products for essential commercial and farm building. Construction of commercial and farm structures has been sharply reduced, but WPB has been approving numerous requests or necessary projects which speci- y the use of masonry and other non• The approximate number of serv- ings a pound which a homemaker can obtain from different retail cuts of meat may vary, from 11/2 to 2 servithecutngs to 8 or 10. depending upon Fon example, a pound of pork loin roast will yield three to four serv- ings of meat weighing about five ounces apiece; small park chops will average about four to the pound, while large pork chops run three to the pound, r Breast, leg, loin chops, rib chops, shoulder and stew meat - of Iamb yield three servings to the- pound with each serving weighing from four to six ounces. Of the veal cuts of meat, roast and stews tend• to yield more servings than chops and cutlets on the pound basis. The - former, cuts yield from five to six or three to four servings, while - chops and cutlets yield only three - servings. Beef cuts of meat which yield four or more servings to the - pound ere tongue, round, meat loaf, liver, stew, ground beef, flank steak, cube steak, corned beef, chop suey, chipped beef and chili. Those cuts, which offer at least three servings. to the pound are chuck ribs, sirloin, other than.hipbone, rolled,rib roasts, • rump, shoulder round and possibly plate. Such. retail cuts of beef as•• porterhouse, standing rib roast and club steaks offer onlytwo servings to., the pound. Kelly Field Kelly Field in San Antonio, Texas;, is believed to have been the "birth- place" of more military aviators. than any training field in the army. It gave their wings to virtually all of the pre-war army aviators now in active service. The activities at Kelly Field and nearby Randolph. Field have made San Antonio widely known as the "Mother of Aviation."' The flrst army airplane was pur- chased in 1909 and during the early summer of 1910, San Antonio first became associated with army aero- nautics. From June 1 to 7, 1910, General Foulois, then a lieutenant, made a total of five flights at Kelly Field, marking its inauguration aa• a •military flying establishment. Lieutenant Kelly arrived there in•' the spring of 1911 and was killed on May 10, 1911, the army's first pilot casualty and its second aviation death. Following the accident, fly- ing activities were moved tempora- rily back to College Park, Md. In 1912, however, two hangars were lo• sated at San Antonio and early in 1913, seven airplanes were sent. there for border service. The First Aero squadron was as - o sembled at Kelly Field for duty with the Mexican Punitive expedition in 1915 and returned in the fall of 1916, Poison for Grasshoppers Grasshoppers, which destroy a estimated $25,000,000 worth of crops annually, face a chemical foe i 1943 notwithstanding that the gov ernment requires for other purposes the sodium arsenite used heretofor to poison the pests. It is sodiu fluosilicate, which meets all govern ment specifications for use in poiso baits to save large acreages fro depredation. Sodium fluosilicate i a dry powder much more easil and safely handled than concentra ed sodium arsenite "solutions coral monly employed. It is said to b much more distasteful to farm ani mals than sodium arsenite which • quite attractive. However, it i poisonous, and must be handled a cordinstly. critical materials. Runs in Family Lieut. Gem Thonias Holoom commandant of the marine cor who fought at Belleau Woods and numerous other engagements France during World War I, is a rect descendant of Commod' Joshua Barney, outstanding her the Battle of Bladensburg in the of 1812.