The Clinton New Era, 1915-02-04, Page 3Rffamt nova
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agaz OLINTON r•Iasv max
trhtiiiiklaPp Oe)a—nary 19/5.
Trainer of Britain's New Army
Has Seen His Share of Fighting
`4 Jeneral Sir Archibald Hunter Served With Distinction in Egypt,
India and South Africa—"Hunter's Rag" Always to. bo Seen THE VARIOUS TYPES
v . . Where Battle Raged Hottest OF ARTILLERY IN USE
The Kaiser war once on his way to fused, saying it would ill become him
to go to a scene of rejoicing when
so many of his gallant friends. lay -
dead on the battlefield.
After this he went to India, where
Kitcheker was Commander -in -Chief,
and commando,: successively the Wes-
tern Army Corps :.nd then the
Southern. Probably the climate af-
fected him, for one coming home he
bitterly grieved and disappointed his
chief, K. of K. by actually getting
married. The lady of Ms choice was
the widow of the and Lord Inverclyde,
and to show he was forgiven Lord
Kitchener was his best man.
Now Hunter is turning Kitchener's
cubs into an army. No one could do
it better, but what heart -breaking
work he has in front of taloa
visit Lord Rosebery at Dalmeny, near
• Edinburgh, at a time when General
Sir Archibald Hunter was commander
of the troops in Scotland, and General
Hunter found himself called uponto
play the hero. It happened,thus. As
the Emperor was about to. enter his
carriage at the railway station hie
horses bolted and things 'began to
look very serious for the warlord when
Sir Archibald dealt one of the fright-
ened animals a smashing blow on the
nose and saved the situation. The
Kaiser was very grateful. He gave
his rescuer a standing invitation to
•
the royal palace at Potsdam.
It is not on record that the General
availed himself of. this invitation, but
it is known that Sir Archibald is an-
xious to send a million or two per-
sodal representatives to interview the
Kaiser in Berlin, and for • that pur-
pose he is training the new army—the
men who replace the killed and
Wounded on the firing line and aug-
ment the army that constantly grows
in size regardless of German on.
slaughts.
General Hunter's father was a Lon-
don merchant, and the future trainer
of fighting men was born at Kilburn
fifty-eight years ago. Of muse he is
Scotch—his father was a Scotsman
and his mother one of the Grahams
ol Gleuny.
P Early Military Life
:-. en gie was but a lad his father
died, and young Hunter went north to
the Tweed, learned. bow to shoot
grouse, hunted with hounds before
he was in his teens, developed a great
love for hoieses, indeed, pots of all
kinds, and was duly sent to school at.
the Glasgow Academy. From there
he went to Sandhurst, getting a ,com.
mission in the 4th Kingts Own Royal
Lancaster *Regiment in 1874. Ile be.
'tame adjutant, and after ,some ten
yearof regimental service joined
e Egyptian army and made his
:name: He was fourteen years in the
L. Nile Valley, and when he left it he
was P. Major-General. had a K.C.B., a
D.S.O., and innumerable medals and
mentions in despatches, as well as a
brace of wounds, At Glniss he was
severely wounded in the. left arm.
The doctor wanted to amputate. Hun-
ter said: 'rake off my arm and put
rne on me= legs and Fla blow my brains
out, That speech saved his artn„ al-
though it is not a great deal of good
te him now.
He was one of Kitchener's dis-
coveries„and in Egypt he used, to be
called the point of Kitchener's lance.
, Where fighting was there were Hun-
ter and his men gathered together,
and that all might know where they
were to be found en old flag used to
accompany his force known as Hun-
ter's Rag. Among the jobs he was
! given in Egypt were the governorship
of the Provinte of Dongola, and after-
wards of Omdurman.
Served in South Africa
1 -le began the South African War aa;
chief of the staff to Sir George White,
and all he did to keep up the spirits
of the sometimes desponding garrison
during the siege of Ladysmith has
passed into history. Incidentally he
had a row !with Admiral Lambton,
criticizing with an astounding flow of
language the- shooting of the naval
guns. Lambton is said afterwards to
have remarked: "What a loss a Man
with such a fluent tongue is to the
navy." Hunter was the life and soul
of the whole defence, and was re-
sponsible for planning the successful,
fighting at Lor bard's Kop, Wagon
Kam, and Cmsar's Camp. Also he led
:the little band that get out from Lady-
smith and destroyed the Boer "Loag
'tom." Light shoes, revolvers, and
a • no talking were the order of the day
--or rather night. Silentlo the party
LOST REGIMENTS
records Exist of Whole Bodies of
Men Vanishing From Human, Ken
By far the greatest number of
casualties in connection with the
army come under the heading of
"missing." Soldiers who stray too far
afield, or whose retreat is cut off,
leave no clue behind them as to their
ultimate fate, though usually, if they
do not straggle, back to their com-
rades, they are eventually captured
by their foes and made prisoners of
war.
It is not often, of course, tbat a
whole regiment vanishes in this way.
Instances have occurred, however, in
which vast bodies of men have march-
ed away and have failed to return
or in which they have temporarily
vanished, During the Boer War an
entire squadron of the 18e1 Hussars
galloped out into the rain and the
darkness, and disappeared from hu-
man ken for the bettdr part of a week.
It transpired that they had ridden
too far and too fast, and had sped
into the open arms of the advance
guard of a new Boer army. Until
their fate was learned, it was as
though the ground. had swallowed
them up.
Another authentic record of the
temporary disappearance of a British
battalion comes also from the Trans
vaal, Early in December, 1880, the
94th lett one station in the northern
part of the territory in order to pro,
ceed to another some hundreds of
miles distant. It never arrived at its
destination, however, and for some
weeks speculation was rife as to what
had become of It. Eventually it
leaked out that 'the regiment had
been intercepted by a party of Boers
at a place called Bronkhorst Spruit;
that the colonel together with a num-
cbr of his men, had been slain, ana
that the remainder, after being dis
armed, had been turned adrift upor
the veldt to fare as best they might
Prior to the battle of Talavera,
there existed in the British army a
cavalry regiment known as the 23rd
Light Dragoons. At the close of that
stubbornly -fought engagement, when
the muster roll came to be called, the
corps could not be found. Nor did it
ever again put in an appearance, and
for the very best' reasons. While
gallantly charging an entire division
of the French army, it had becoine
entangled in a series of ravines, and
utterly annihilated.
The 10th Hussars once -lost an en-
tire troop. It was 111 Afghanistan, in
the winter of 1879.. The niglit , was
pitch-dark and bitterly colta and the
men mistook their road and tried to
ford the Kabul river at a point where
it was some ten or twelve feet deep.
The leading files were swept away
into the turbid current; but the others
followed like a flock of sheep, until,
finally, not a man of them was left.
A wet and riderless home, gallop.
Ing wjldlyint� the camp twenty miles
distant, was theaairst and only inti-
mation of the disaster vouchsafed to
the rest of the regiment.
= crept in inky darkness over the hilly,
broken ground right up to the Boer
gun without being discovered. The
work was practically over before the
Boers knew it had begun. When the
alarm was at last given Major Karri
Davis shouted "Fix bayonets!" There
was not a bayonet with the party.
But the Boers fled. All returned to
Ladyymith in satAt.
iter the relief be commanded the
th Division and had many notable
successes. One was when General
'Prinsloo with 5,000 Boers surrendered
to him. The Boers f eared but re.
spec,ted him. When giving up their
arms they never dared to palm off
ancient weapons on laim. They knew
that he o wanted their 'Viewers, and
they ha a to give them to him. But
be had time to think of kind actions,
too. He returned Mrs. Delarey the
horse on which her son had been rid-
ing when be met his death, which
touched her deeply. For his services Africa he was promoted to
I.Aeut-General and received the thanks
of Parliament. On his returning
home the good people ,oI West Kil-
bride wanted Min to be present at a
demonstration in Me honor, He re -
Earned Mother's Gratitude
Artillery,. Field—A type of gun:
which can be used in any country
without an excessive strain upon= the
horses. It consistsusually of two -
patterns of weapon: (1) field guns
iMoper, which are generally of 3 -inch
to 3.3 -inch diameter or caliber, so
mounted on their. carriages that when
fired they do not jump or move and
thus require relaying, and (2) howit-
zers, which are short, equat guns that
toss their projectiles high in. the air.
The diameter of howitzers and the
weight of their shell or shrapnel are
invariably greater than in the field
gun proper. Field guns proper are.
furnished with shieldsto protect the
men working them against bullets
from the enemy's rifles and from his
shrapnel. Their range varies hone
5,600 to 9,000 yards. The British field
gun fires a shell or shrapnel of about
18 pounds, the French one of 16
pounds; the German one of 15 liounds;.
the Russian of 141/1 pounds; the Aus-
trian one of 140 pounds. The British
field howitzer is 4.5 inches in diameter
and fires a shell weighing 35 pounds.
Artillery,•7-leavy—A heavier type of
weapon than the field gun or field
howitzer which can only be trans-
ported with some difficulty over good
roads or bard ground. The British
heavy artillery consistsof four 60 -
pounder guns (that Is, guns, firing a
60 -pound shell) witheach division.
The diameter of the gun is 5 inciree.
and the weight of the weapon is 39
hundredweight; it has a range of
10,000 yards. France has a short gun
or howitzer designed' by Commandant
Itimailho of 6-incla diameter; firing, a
shell of about 94 -pound weight. Only
a very limited number or these guns
were attached to the French army
corps. previous to the war; their dis-
advantege is their great weight, which
is 47 hundredweight!' Their range it
7,000 yards. Germany his a 6' -inch
howitzer firing a shell of about 90
pounds and weighing 63 hundred-
weight; she has also a 4 -inch gun
which fires a 30 -pound shell but re-
quires a specially prepared platform.
The Russian army is also well equip-
ped with heavy artil'ery in the shape
of 4 -inch guns and 6 -inch howitzers
but the details of these are confiden-
tial.
Artillery, Horse—A lighter type of
gun than the field gun, specially de-
signed for work with cavalry. In the
field gun two' of the gunners are seat-
ed on the carriage of the gun'; in
horse artillery all the gunners are
mounted. The British horse artillery
gun has a diameter of 3 inches and
fires a shell or shrapnel weighing
l2ee pounds; there are 263 bullets in
the shrapnel as against 375 in the
field artillery projectile. The weight
of the gun is 6' bundredweight. against
the 9 hundredweight of the field gun,
Artillery, Siege—A still heavier
ind larger type of gun than heavy
leld artillery, and is usually employed
'or reducing fortresses. The Germans
eowever, are believed to, have taken
number of their siege guns into the
leld, though the disadvantage of thus
using these ponderous weapons Is
tbat they delay the movement of an
army and require an enormous num-
ber of vehicles to feed them with am-
munition. The best known German
siege guns are the 8,2 -inch howitzer,
which fires a 250 -pound shell, and the
11 -inch howitzer, which fires a shell
of 750 pounds weight. Howitzers of
12 -inch and 17 -inch diameter are said
to have been employed by the Ger-
man army at Liege and Namur and
against Verdun, tiring shells of 880
pounds and 2,000 pounds. Great
Britain has a siege howitzer of 9.2 -
inch diameter firing a shell of 380
pounds, and France a weapon of 10.7 -
inch diameter, firing a shell of .about
550 pounds; The Russian army em-
ployes a 12 -inch siege howitzer, firing
a shell of 800 pounds.
Hermann Homburg, Attorney -Gen-
eral of South Australia, resigned 'ow-
ing to the prevalence of the- anti -
German feeling. •
KEEPING WARM IN THE FIGHTING ZONE
Both the British and. German military authorities recognize the necessity=
of keeping their soldiers warmly clothed and it is a great satisfaction
te know ehat the British Government sent over many thousands of
goat -skin under -coats to ameliorate the conditions of life in the tren-
ches. Oil the left is a British soldier wearing one of the goat -skin
coats, while on the right is shown a German sentry wearing a sheep-
skin coat over his .regulation greatcoat..
The Queen of Belgium
is Brave and Charitable
Earned the, Love
and Admiration of Her People Before the War
and Later Proved•Herself Most Heroic Woman
"Long live Queea Elizabeth, a great
Sovereign, but above everything a
good, and a true woman," was the
toast drunk to Belgium's Queen at a
banquet of the Municipality of Brus-
sels, long before the war became a
reality.
"A great, a good, and a true wo-
man." It is a phrase which is in no
sense an exaggeration of the virtues
of the Queen,. whose heroic deeds
since the Germans crossed into Bel-
gium at the outbreak of the war were
only to be expected from one who was
idolized by_her husband's subjects,
and known among them as the "Angel
Queen."
It is about fourteen years since
King Albert wooed and won the
daughter of Duke Charier' Theodore of
Bavaria,who was famous as an oculist.
Inheriting that kindliness of heart
and consideration for the weaknesses
of others which led her father to
establish a free hospital at Munich,
where he performed over 6,000 oper-
ations on the poor, Queen Elizabeth
has always striven to ameliorate the
lot of those in distress.
When still in Antwerp, King Albert
said to the Belgian Prime Minister:
"If necessary, you, my dear Minister,
and I will take our rifles and go into
the battle." ''So, will 1," added the
Queen, "and with me all the Belgian
women." Queen Elizabeth kept this
pledge, for she often has been on the
battlefl?ld aidifig the avontided, cheer-
ing the fightars, and comforting her
husband.
No sooner bad she placed her three
children—Prince Leopold, born. in
1901, Prince Charles, born in 1903,,
and Princess Marie -Jose, born in 1906
—in the care of Lord Curzon of Ked-
leston, at Basingstoke, when the
Kaiser and his army, violating the
neutrality. of her husband's country,
invaded Belgium,atban she hurried
back to the King's side, insisting on
sharing his dangers and discomforts.
"I am not a Queen at present. I am
a fellow -sufferer and helper," she re-
plied, in a simple, dignified tope,
When her husband and his officers
urged her to leave the zone,of danger.
As a nursp and the organizer of
hospital equipment, Queen Elizabeth
rendered invaluable aid, Before her
marriage she gave serious attention
to the study of 'medicine, and after
some years obtained a degree of
M.D. at Leipsio, being of great ser-
vice to her father in his many good
works, and herself gained experience
in surgical affairs.
Apart, however, from hospital and
oursine, work, Queen Elizabeth has
given further evidence of her prac-
tical-rnindednese by her interest in
the industries of the people, and her
endeavors to further their work. After
the funeral of King Leopold, who died
in 1909, Queen Elizabeth did a pa-
triotic thing in a characteristically
womanly way. She gave orders for
large quantities of Brussels lace to be
used for her robes of State when she
came out of mourning, and for her
ordinary dresses. This, was at a time
• ello, George. I see you've 'ad a parcel from the gelsl"
—Fred Buchanan, in London Opinion
assammac.ramauxecusamluarermonmenennzawaremz=reavamoomartmazencor=nresszoinsumeavaansznex
when, for various reasons, Brussels
lace had ceased to please its own
country, and the industry required a
fillip. And it was Queen Elizabeth
who provided that fillip in a manner
which gladdened the hearts of the
lace -makers of to country.
The home life of the King and
Queen of Belgium has always been
of the happiest description. Their
favorite hobby ls the study of the
violin:, of which they are both ex-
tremely fond, and one of the most
popular pictures in Belgium is that
which depicts King Albert reading
while bis wife helps Prince Leopold
to master the violin.
9
SHELLING AIRCRAFT
BRITAIN'S INFLUENCE
ON EGYPT'S IIISTORY
1517—Turkey conquered and occu-
pied Egypt, which became a Turkish
Pashalik.
1798—Napoleon Bonaparte invhded
Egypt and, afterwards Syria, with the
object of gaining a stepping stone to-
wards India. Nelson defeated the
French fleet in the Battle 0:: the Nile,
and General Abercrombie's Expe-
cliqn landed.
1801—French evacuation of Egypt
and the Sultan's authority was re-
stored.
1805—Mohatumed Ali became Pasha
of Egypt, after defeating the Marne -
lakes, the owners of the soil.
1807—The Second British Expe-
dition to Egypt
1841 — Mohammed Ali secured;
through Lord Palmerston, the heredi-
tary possession of Egypt, paying a
tribute to the Sultan.
1854-1863—Reign of the Khedive
Said and the grant to Ferdinand de
Lesseps of the right to cut the Suez
Canal.
1863-aaReign of Khedive Ismail.
18691—Opening of the Suez Canal.
1875—British Government buys Is-
raelis, shares for $4,000,000.
1876—Egypt bankrupt and Comm's-
sion of Inquiry set up to inquire into
her financial condition.
1876—Nov. Establishment of the
Dual Control, but a British official
superintended the revenue and a
French official the expenditure of
Egypt.
1878—Ismail accepts a Constitution-
al Ministry.
1879—Ismail deposed by the Sultan
in June. In November Dual Control
was re-established and governed Egypt
for two years.
1881—Revolt of Arabi.
1882—May. Bombardment of Alex-
andria by British and French fleets.
In July Great Britain invited France
to help quell the rebellion. France
refused. Garnet Wolseley's expe-
dition landed in August. In Septem-
ber Arabi was beaten at Tel-el-Kebir.
1883—Dual Control abolished, though
France objected, and Single Control
by Great Britain established. Major
Baring (Lord Cromer) nominated
Soldiers In Trenches Hardly Think
Aeroplanes Worth Watching
An officer in the Royal Engineers
describing the use of aircraft in the
war, wrote:
We see aeroplanes nearly every day,
and generally they are being shelled.
The aeroplane is surrounded with
little puffs of white smoke, usually at
a slightly lower level than the aero-
plane itself. Bach puff represents the
burst of a shrapnel shell. Although
I have seen at least a dozen of these
performances I have never seen an
aeroplane brought down, Apparently
it is awfully difficult for the gunners
to get the range of an object in the
air, and in any case that object.ais
moving very rapidly. There is an
anti-aircraft section of the artillery,
armed, I believe, with a sort of porn-
Pom which fites little one -inch shells
in rapid succession.
The French and Belgian aeroplanes
throw out little pencil -shaped 'rods,
which "will kill a man if they strike
him on the head, provided they are
thrown from 200 feet or over. Of
course, the aeroplane is Always much
higher than that when flying over
the enemy.
The chief use of aeroplanes is to
direct the fire of the artillery. Some-
times they "circle and dive" just over
the position of the place which they
want ehelled. The observers with
the artillery then inform the battery
commanders, and a few seconds 2 -.ter
shells come hurtling on to, dr jolly
near to, the spot indicated. They also
observe for the gunners and signal
back to them to tell them where their
shots aro going to, whether over or
short, or to right or left.
The men—in fact, every one of us
—have got so used to seeing aero-
planes shelled fruitlessly that the
sight of one surrounded with half a
dozen little fat white puffs of smoke
scarcely attracts a look, At first they
all used to stop work, and often even
exposed themselves in their anxiety
to watch the show; now they look
upward when they hear the shells
bursting high up in the air, murmur
something about "auother blooming
aeroplane," and take no further
notice.
British Resident. Sudan abandoned
by British Government in November.
1884—Sudan. Expedition sanctioned.
General Gordon arrived at Khartum in
February. Conventioa of London de-
fining Great Britain's position in
Egypt signed in June.
1085—Fall o Khartum and death of
General Gordon in January. An
Egyptian loan of $9,000,000 was gaur-
anteod by the Powers in March. On
October Sir Henry Wolff signed the
First Convention of London, fixing
conditions for the withdrawal of the
British troops.
1886—The Sudan evacuated.
1887—Sir Henry 'Wolff signed the
Second Convention of Constantinople
in May, but the Sultan refused, under
French and Russian pressure, to rati-
fy it. a
1818—Reorganizaticin of Egypt ac-
tively commencrd.
1889—Rising of the Dervishes.
1892—Death of the Khedive —awflk.
Accession of Abbas II. in Apr. Sir
Herbert Kitchener succeeded Sir
Panels Grenfell in command of the
Egyptian army.
1896—Conquest of the Sudan begun.
1898—Battles of Atbara and °radii',
man, and the crushing of the Der-
vishes (Sept.). French arrived at
Fashoda July 10, and evacuated it on
Dec. 11.
1899—Agreement signed by France
and Great Britain limiting their re-
spective spheres of influence in Cen-
tral Africa.
1904—On April 8 Anglo-French de-
claration signed giving Great Britain
a free hand. in Egypt and France a.
free hand in Morocco. Similar de-
clarations ware made by Germany.
Austria, and Italy. •
1907—Lori Cromer resigned in April
his post as British Agent and Consul-
Fsneral; succeeded by Sir Eldon
Corsa
1908—"Nationalist" ferment excited
by the Yount.. Turk movement in
Turkey.
1911—Earl Kitchener became Bra.
'ish Agent and Consul -General.
1914—The Khedive aebelled againat
British control and was deposed, Brit-
ain taking over the country as a PM-
tectorate.
German' Schools Taught
Hatred of Other Nations
England Was Only to be Despised
But France Was to be Hated
and Crushed.
•
It is common knowledge that Ger-
many has for years been preparing
for war. We preached peace whi'e
our German kinsmen have been In-
creasing their armaments, laying their
diplomatic traps and instilling the
lust of war into the national mine,
wrote a man who taught school in
Germany up to within a month of the
outbreak of the war. As English
teacher at a Prussian Oberrealschule
I daily beheld the havoc wrought upon
boys by misguided teaching. When
I read of the fiendish deeds committed
by the Germans in Belgium I see in
my mind's eye a class of innocent
lads and seem to hear the master
haranguing them. There he stands,
with face flushed, with eyes astaro,
teaching Itis pupils the doctrine of
rampant Kaiserdom, a devil's gospel
that sears the heart.
I well recall going for a *walk with
one of the staff, a handsome Dussel-
dorfer, on ordinary occasions an ex-
cellent fellow. The conversation
somehow turned upon France and the
French, and forthwith he burst into
insults, threatening France with a day
of awful reckoning, the great day to
Which the Germans refer in the phrase
"When it comes oft." ("Wenn's les-
geht").
This man's views on England were
those of many other Germans. Eng-
land was to him merely negligible
among the nations. With no con-
script army to meet the German mil-
lions, with a navy soon to be out-
classed and outnumbered by a rival
at Kiel, England was presently to see
the wisdom of, bowing to .the Kaiser,
thanking him that the Prussian
hordes were not overrunning her.
Our school was richly bedecked' with
pictures of Bismarck and of scenes
from the 7ranco-German war. On
the top floor, along the corridor,
were frescoes illustrative of certain
lines in the poet Korner's "Anima"
The lines "Thou 'shalt drive the steel
into the foeman's heart" were illus-
trated by a bloody picture of French
soldiers being skewered on Prussian
swords.
In Harms' "Earth -lore of the Father-
land," one of the best German text-
books of school geography, the fol-
lowing ie to be read in the chapter
on Heligoland:
"There is a biting charm about it
to ,tbink that England should have
thrust her own weapon into her rival's
hand. There was enough laughing
when in 1890 Kaiser Wilhelm exchang-
ed Zanzibar and Witu for Heligoland.
The English newspapers swam in
glee. But then came another eau."
PEEVISH GERMAN EDITORS 1
One factor is the general humbug
and hypocrisy of American public
opinion. Religion, virtue, abstemious-
ness, candor and honor are the stock
phrases with which Americans are
stuffed on every possible and impos-
sible occasion, and the supposed
violence done to the neutrality of Bel-
gium was grist to the mills of these
hypocrites. . . In any case, peo-
ple in Germany need not bother them-
selves in the least about what the
Americans think or say, as long as the
German arms win. That is all thatmat-
ters, for the American is P. thorough
opportunist, and never has any aym-
aathy with the side that is beaten.—
Hamburger Fremdenblatt.
It is, of ourse, not to be expected
that the wonderful resourcefulness of
our "cousins" is exhausted by the
latest addition of the Fijji Islanders
to the Belgian war theatre,
The backwoods of the world still
harbor thousands of savages 'andasemi-
savages, man -monkeys and apish men,
who are no doubt only too willing to
stand by their British brothers in the
common struggle for right and civilian-
tion.—Madgeburg Zeitung.
The Hull of a "Dreadnought"
An amazing amount of materiel
goes to the making of a 22,000 -ton
battleship. Into the hull alone enter
some 9,809 tons of steel and iron, an
amount more than equal' to the whole
of the material from keel to fighting
tops in many of the pre -Dreadnought
war vessels. Of this amount of ma-
terial, over 6,000 tons is steel plat-
ing, 2,856 tons is for hapes, channel-
ling, and angle pieces; the weight or
the rivets used exceeds 530 tons,
these rivets ranging in diameter from
% inch to :aa Mattes and there are
over 400 tons of specially shaped
steel castings, ranging in weight from
two to eighteen tons each. Them
ligeres include nothing for gun mount-
ing or special armoring, but are for
the mere construction of the bo
hull alone.
Modernizing Warfare
In Napoleon's wars a bullet seloom
hit an enemy more than 200 yards
distant. A marksman with the Lee -
Enfield or :Abel rifle can bring down
man after man at 1,000 or even 2,000
yards under favorable conditions—but
the conditions seldom are favorable.
Napoleon's Old Guard considered tren-
ty-five cartridges a reasonable equip-
ment for a whole campaign. In 1870-
71 the German average consumption
was sixty-five per man for the entire
war. Many German soldiers fired
4,000 cartridges apiece the first Mee&
of this war.
e (7) S