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The Clinton News Record, 1919-2-20, Page 3L. aCIOSS.CHANNEL NET DEFENCE" VOLIEESTONE, ENCL/N3 TO :BOULOGNE, FRANCE 9:(61 Secret Divulged ileitm' Remits se influent he Mose eastotmIling Acit- ):evemente of Our Naval DistoTY Wieen, yoews ago, Germeny tun •negneed,Iter "uneestetettli" etibereerine Worterm many **wean folic threW tzp 'their hands, and esserted eat WO • ehould never he able to devise anY effective means ;of. -combating •the new aerlt, saye et navel welter. Certainly, fresh problems were preseetedto our newel experts, aint the great ones at the Admiralty hail to sen their broths esory‘'seriously to week, But the Omit Navy Was note. worried.. . It smiled a eelient smile eeentely eonfideut that • the. p•atb. titmnt led to security would prgiently be discovered-- 1thich, ee the world knows', lb was. The Navy knetv that, the nertinua fellic did not know. That was why it wee etborconlident It lcnew that • grave and tremendous eminnaetne peell `had been compTete•ly 'conquered dernag Litee' early days of thenear, the secret o vieleicia 'was as well kept as its plane . vire we'll laid. What bad been -done Trefoil] 'could be' done again. bh, the •winellem Of the :silent, 'silent Navy! The Submarine- Trim. And 'the secret as the seeret of the great Net Defence, of which new tlmt Naval censors are non-existeete I may • tell. Early in 1915 the British blavy oa- ci11iht1 one eff tho cleverest maxi - thew feats of the whole War. At that time con: crose-Ohannel transport was 'enormous. It were, moreover, Mamas - Mg every clay, for as on engagements isiereased in Prance and Flanders, so our Army increased atlionce, and had to be conveye.el a ernes the narrow strip ' of water interein so many farms of death might leek. N•o less than a hundred destroyers Were mnployed on escort duty con - elected with this arduous lameness of n transport. It VMS a wasteful system wasteful -and infineettble. While it di- verted too ineny hips from other duties,. it did not spell' a sufficient ineantre cif security; and, fortunately this point was properly relivedbefore one armies began to pour across the water in :fullest force. • The manoeuvre was th,e secret mak- lagand laying of th,e Great Net Bar- nier, officially referred to as the "ffross-OleanneT Net Defence." It was a' gigantic undertaking. Suet a net had never been sertiele or con- le•ived before. It involved the em ployanent of •eves' three thousand me] end boys -all naval-ein es:arias towns en the Enet Coast, for the neermineti net -W.EI.S made in sections. • Iteins in the Bill. . Here is a liet of s•ein.e of the Reins out of whith the great net was form- ed. There were twenty-five thoueand 'miles of steed wire oE various Elide- nessee-enough, that is, to encercle • the whole world, though iigheas actual- ly needed for little ever twenty-five Miles of it, There weee two hundred ,and fifty thousand galvanized steel - connectitin blocles. A million screws were used to fasten and secure the net to which may be -added two Tamara thousand glass hu•oyaney globes, a eirnilar number of geobe nets (hemp) and ten thousand T.N.T. mines. •.- The net ;els& consiste.cle of a tre- mendously strong system of interknit meshes of re•infereeel steel wire Theo different sized Meshes ' wort med. The glass globes and gflobe nets were used ;to keep the usst in positim in the water. The globes, serving as ween fixed inside the hempen nets, --while 'the deadly T.N.T. mines • were strung out in the.eet itself in a • vast diamond parbteen. The whole contrivance presented an empasseble, beerier to and his torpedoes. And how Tong, after the several perts were eompleted, did it. take to Lower the gigantic net lint° the sea and to str'eteb, ,adjcist, and fix it be- tween Folkestone and Beelogna? The thing we et done between' the setting and the rising of the sun! One night, while we slept, the whole terrific enterprise was put theentglin Weinte no knowledge that, ;while perhaps eve dreamed of our dear once about to cross the water, ,their sedety was being elfeeeively etieured. Aafter months of feverish knitting and splicing, the travelein set out from inolkestone, unloading the* unique 'magi) as. ,they went. iLtei•ally, they dhow a line of safety-hie:meg-the Rymer:suing the great net Wee -smelting sigkeninto• L'efelogne -Berlina and the etheehate safety of 01.1r egose,th41.1111d1 transport •soretee 'was seamed. • Tile eight that witneesed this was one of th•e most mouienthea'and eig. nlificant 10 our navel. histoey. It was silent victory, ,achieved by silent eeasten.,•• Yet in the chez& al. memory tie ghat' ta.,,not .aer echo -d tenteen eieber ciente that were slieected, in these 'early ,claste, Against 'MO*, Navy and ita lack of speceatelar triumphs? • ' So the net was lekl, and' behind that steel rangietait the ships of ofel Britain nould copse and goas they hated. Peitz celailel fire eff is many of his tin fish as he pleased. They cled no more than bang up in die net, •giffe to hie Belie's], n•ic Illejesesre When, as occasions arosei mimes seetions on the net -Were raised for inspection. , • Elimineting the 'Shbit CUL The i101: was practiedlY On iefhmas, tranefeemime 13rirbain from en ' idea peninsular • This, at all evette, MS the effect eef the nee barrier on enemy boats, Before the bareier eves set, Geianien Wm/wines, evorleing froan their base conlet ,clasli for mu Clufnnhil " transports by a rare, sheet •etit, 'though adnalltedly efeif witii•out some •den•ger to thetaseives. They -could descend green us swiftly Teem the teeth -ease, But jug, Oka a map .0-e• Western Europe, and note what A diffeenae thilt barrkr made to the LT -beet conn mandee's planet lo Ogler to Teeth oiii'rereespoets lia weeld have to eteee n tOtirS0 Amer roundathe British Irks a•ful ogee ttla (heave) ;from the west • tto.'itltadsiIla,ftefl,Where lie °Mild ers Pt1 Ielbpty fuel talike, For the Geteinin meletesaritten eef dtvya Wleri) not the onoemeetily pe'Werfcti "lone:maned" 10111. 0. loglety• Time' Mel very elelleite Menke.. • 1\TMilla,Ya thin' 'banns developed end impeoved out of •1111 bus wl:tglue, bir right up to 'ehe, last the Great Net beta -nee remained ape ef the higgeet sten/0)141g; Woolen in nnetz's ins 01 VTagreste And eight op to the bet the Navy "teed low teed :said neffin." The Way Through. PanaaRe ibteuEll 'the net 'Wee only posseble et Itellseaeone rand Boulogne, We 01101110 huge been heist yen our own petard bed we nett no opening foe orinselvels. Bet the available elaihntslis/:er "gatee," at either eed wore he:erase, and vestiels had to pass tearqugh 115 eingle lEce Ogee inshoee, where they welt end% the emirEort- able menace of the shone bet -Vies, UT the fleeting haenier it leas heon said ,GLSI; "what Britain lacked • tecionslelps•wai Moro than atoned ler by 'Ube Crose-phanael Net Defence." Day -end itleht 41 sle conetentlY ye -t- rollied by trawlers, 11 rectedered g cer- tain amount of attention ad watchingt-as, for inetanee, when it 110W end again bee:nano necessary to replace oections of the line efter .one of tlw nenee had justified its exietence. gIt gird nob merely protect, that pa- tient, unseen not'' It could bite, Four- teen temp highwaymen, alther by aceident or elesignnifried contlusions 'with hese She acconeeted for them ell. These, like anally ;Mother, are en- counters which Will never be dosenthed in higtory, and whieh wile dwell only in bhe hmaginations of men. ' OIERMANS STEAL CLOCKS CAR: OF REFUGEES .TREMENDOUS T4S.c, SUELTEREI) AND FED •BY THE ARMY DURING W,Al2, Brifistit • Ileidertook Onreg of 45,000 Arnienions SYrians Fighting Turkie. „ 'rhoneneche of ranee:a troin Ar. Merlin and easteen Syria wen sbelter- ed and Ted bY the beitisim•rainy in Mesopotamia dewing the wee, the 'emelt being of such a characthe that it litti been made the, .subject ef e special l'elwYt• Tbef statement isseed at London vecentlq, follows; • "The feline „deetiny of Armenian ' an& oneteen Segettit peoples who have taken gefeft:e with the British in Meigniotamm is ene of the problems whieh •the peacb congrees mutt eons skier. • .A.t present in the British re - refugee cramp at Baciebtes, thirty - the miles 'Irani Bagdad, 'the Britleh aro providing for 45,000 people of both races. "The work of feeding, clothing and housing these refugees, when the 'British greee Alai at pips with the Turic net manegentles away, was a tilintegh Of :organization, The sudden Minix of so/ne 50,000 peoples into e0 - glom alheady devastated by the rat, ages ef war created a situation of ut- most elietculty. The came/ ratitBactubas was: haebily laid •out and in 'three weeks the refugees were taken in at a rate of 1,000 a day. 'Siekness was rife, and ell the refugees mere in au emaciated condition. A Marvellous Achievement. fa sew They Huge Not Succeeded in Menefee. tering 0 ReVable Timepiece. The Germans could goose-step in time Very well indeed, but, their wat- ches and clocks never told ,the hour torreetly. French histories i'ecall that in the Franco-Pressiae war the cenquering• Panesians stole every elm* they coulee get and' during the fighting along the Marne the troops reported the Germans up to their old trick of clock stealing, shipping, the thnepiooaa into Germany to take the places of the home-made variety that could never be depended upon. A re- cent iesue of Munsey's Magazine has a few sarcastic things to say upon German efficiency as exemplified in their ciente-making. It was not perhaps • a favorable omen that the Germane, with all their much -vaunted effieieney,*have never 1 bee able to eon:street a clock equal to the product of their neighborslWe know that an American gentleman whose constant support, as well as , exasperation, during the present wee Ihs been a particularly illogical and ;unreliable German -made clock. In the darkest hours of the Allied muse, 1 when the adhievements of .the enemy seemed to lindleate an 'almost super- human effeetivene,es of organization, he had found comfort amel hope in the symbolic vulnerability of thisatroctous clock -a clock equipped with an elab- orate system of strikes and chimes Which excel only in their 'ability to go astray, The French have always rivalled the Swiss end the Durigh as makers of fine sleeks. A few weeks ago a hum- orous weekly published the picture of a Tommy in e first-line trench, whose recently opened parcel 'Lein borne di- vulged a new alarrincltek. The re- cipient remarked: "Well, now, that there' certainly is a thoughtfel gift." • - We should not 'nave said that there was a crying need for this herological spechnen at, the front. We do believe, hon-ener, that TIO race which is unable to manunactmte a inputable • °lock could rule the .world. NOWHERE TO LIVE Old London Urgently Needs 000,000 More Houses. London is a good place to stay away from at present. Too full to live in, too busy to move about in, too crowded to satin, the city of cense- less crowds is developing new social problems _daily. Thereeis a hoom in mcgolages end a 4s1tines'in dove -cots. Houses, flats maisofthettes, furnished rooms -any place that can be transformed into a home -are being ,sought in every se- lihrb. , Rents aro going: up ancl re- pairs are being cut down. A flat that could.be obtained for 160 a year ago now lets at S70 and Z80; houses rented at ;690 ten years ago now bring 8140 each. t.Speculation In house property is lead,ing to smite hardships. Lanth lords wishing to Sell their homes at' a. handsome prat 'are .giving flake to tenants net in a position to buy them. The -chief sufferers are tha. the middle class, who are not protect- echunder the Rent Restrictions Act. ' The Ministry of Reconstruction etates that anyone who builds now, does at n One when theecost is 'ab- normally high; • but:, if,. Etfter five years, property built now shows a lose the Government is prepared to stand 75 j3eiemitof such loss. bp to the present no one has taken adman tap of this offer. Meanwhile, the cloinand foe, houses increattes With the propose of .dee mobilizeitiont Soldiers *lime homes had tte be broken up meet have now htmes, menthe sooner the 800,000 Dew, houses London needs ere erected, 'the more will returning • solffiees be pleaectir , Micawbres Advice. "My other piece of a lvice, Copper- s lave been located, • ' • field," stud Mr, letteawb In "you lenow. Atinafal Moine twenty mustache, ainnual I °Mier:inter°, nineteen sig, result hap - wedge. Anheel income teventy pounds, r annand eepereliture tweety emends 'ought and site, insult aniseee. The blossom ii,blighted, the loaf le eriteg nredethe God of Day pee doWn upon •the (heavy ecene, am!, in ;Mort, yoe areenforever floored, As 1 ten'- Dielcone. exile Isle of Pines promisee to 1e- 0.01110 see important 'mode00 of irori, canner and ellen, ores, as 11 ?edam! 'Providing Calling and food for these additional members,. when so mud] treensport was needed for opera- tion along the Tignis River, was e Marvellous achievement, Today the mune is organized as efficiently as many Western towns. The water sup- ply and sanitation are perfect, •and three hospitals, all modernly equipped to meet emedical requirements are in operation. Nearly 1,000 ,orphans have been provided for and the Whole pop- ulation of the camp is beginning to recover from the horrors of the ex- odus from their native lends. "To return them to the same state of enema -Ay in which -they lived so. long would .Ib e an international crime against these p•eople, . "An important new irrigation pro- ject was opened on January 10 at Manseeeyah, on the Melee River, some seventy mile-snortheast of Bag- dad. Six months ago the Bribish keg gation -department commenced widen- ing the channel of the river here, "The new calm] is six miles Tong and without further work on it, water can be supplied for the irrigation of 800,000 eters, and render cultivatioe• possible as far as the neighborhood of Bagdad. "The opening ceremony was ceneded out in the presence of many Amb land owners; who hailed the comple- teen of the work es striking evidence of the good intention of the British. The increase in wealth to the land thus irrigated will certainly be con- siderable end the inereased produc- tion of food will be of great import - 01100 • AUSTIFANS.- LEFT , • - ITALY DESTITUTE • VI CONQUERED PROVINCES A SCENE OF DESOLATION ninny Villages Near the Piave Show Pitiful Evidences of Enemy _Occupation. The distressing effects of the war and of Austrian occupation still are evident in the reconquered Italian provinces nertle and east of the Piave. The countag In the vileiMty of Oderzo, sncdfl village about six miles from, the lower course of the Piave, is a scene of utmost desolation. It was here that the 'Dune Of Mesta's army advanced 'eor.swiftly and deeply into the Auetrian- lines as to tImeaten the communications Of the Austrian army oceupying Coneglieno,. 'thus .eoreing the Atteteiftes, to retreat. So intense was theeleconharnenent:ethet.very little 18 lbft :stending sin tlw -country . all eroded Oderzo Many of the iousee now are merely heaps of .debris. The village of Odeezo 'itself was not so seriously damaged as Wero. the outlying hoeses, OS the Italian artil- lerymen' tried to spate, it, but ithears uenustalcable signs of Austrian °GM- xation. The villagers declare that the Austell -tee took Away not °illy the' olinech bells,' but thei,r clothes and even the• panes of Pose -from the windows, the doom, telethon utensil and, in fact1. literallyfeverYthing that could be rethoved, The parish. priest saved some of his household utensils and several barrels of wine by'hiding them ie a barn behind ' a helm of cofflins. People Dave Virtually , Nothing. Cnving to the feet that- the Impales tine stets greatly eve,alcened by lacic of food, the influenza claimed a high per- centage seli victims. In Oaken 200 small children were buried in one year af Austrien occupatien out of it population of 2,400. • The conclition of the people .abili is dee- /reenter ns ;thorn: hale at them ere 111 .with nigh -tenni while clothing and food wee almost -unobtainable, Whon the .Arescreiated Prose Corre- spondent seieited Oderea vecontly there were fifty patienes in the civil hospi- tal lying on straw on the ficiom 'with- out bletiketen while the heillling had neither wiuclowe eor dome,' The single physielan, who -with the tiitl of 4 fe,w nuns, we attending therm -had to dregs, feel hie only slargicel Metre. I meet wee his pocketknife. This •eitatation is Paid to Prevail. in a nearly all the rearequered Bonne dis* t triete. The people, it lo clec•lareci, have vietiellfg nothing and need every- f FRENCII.ASK. FOR gnee ' TO TIIE prC1rI DE LA :,C,IONCoiorea) Movement in Perk to. Urge Govern- ment to Dente:id Surrender of One of Tlieee Supereannon. The Freneli ii6oplo Want; no &1 the German "Big Berthee" seePerean. non which Ifornbercled Paris . to di's- Pleg In the Place de le Concorde es a seuvenie Gerntan friglitfulnese that peepope to destroy French morale, The annsitice• does net stipelate that one of theee instruments ;shall be ,euerendencel, ing there is a move- ment to urge .the government to de- mand it. There le no expectation that the Germane will inelude ono of these weapons among the 2,600 gene they me • eccerieed toe'give up under the armistite. Three. Gans Shelled Paris. - Fags obtained by military experts Show that the flint guns that fired Moon Park on March 28 lag, nenelaie- ed three; They were Installed near ,ISIonteleie, in the forest of St Gobein. Two were on the same eallread emir leeding gut of lawn whiie the third 1114115 a lietZe further east in the vicin- ity of Cregy. „Accoeding to the le•test information ehe 'Were Pointed at an angle of more then 65 de•grees, a charge of SOO pound's of powder propelling bhe projectile to a height of 100,000 teat (nearT5t nineteen 'miles) on its meet- eroes 111.16d4011 to Paris. 1,Vith every' sbot, ten or twelve marine guns of sixteen or 'seventeen-in:eh calibre fired simultaneously upon, tweets unr known, in ordea: to conceal the loca- tion on the stmereannon, The shell was 41 210-anillieneter calibre (about eight inches). It weighed.800 pohnds, but ;the charge of explesive contained therein varied between thirty and forty p rule. In the 'manufacture of the Awl) re- sided rin innovation of the Germans. It is saideti have been /*WO of special esteal treated with tungsten, so 415 to offer the maximum of eesistance foe la mini/num of weight. The guns' only protection was le. camouflage and it proved to be no protection at all, LO aviators soon keated them. There TS a -report that several avia- tors, Americans, French, British, lost their lives in locating the Mgt three Berthas in the forest of St. Gobain, but upon that point officials are silent Blown Up by Aerial Torpedo. However, on March 27 one -of the Berthas was blown up by an aerial torpedo which tore a hole in the' ground more than fiEty feet in diame- ter, a photograph of which 'has been taken. The second was put out of business in the len: days of -April, the third of the originai. three was enceci^ in Tay. It is now asserted that two of these guns were remodelled into a larger, nine -inch, and that these remodelled guns were the ones which resumed the shelling, of Paris late in May last. Subsequently the Gennans •succeed- ed in utilizing larger calibred guns for tong distance firing, for in Angust they used a marine gun from near: Soissons, firing a twelve and a halt; inch shell, They were preparing to1 :Subject Paris to an intensive b•ombard- ment: such as Dunkirk lead to suffeen when they were •eleiven ,out of their Soissons-01neteau-Thierry line by ths! counter -offensive on th,e Allies. Commandant Mittel, the anilitary, I expert, who organized the Turkish' artillery before the Germans assumed therge of the miletary affa•irs of that country, told the A,sseciated Press that the whole secret of the German, l•ong-clistance ,gun lay in the invention' of a special high explos.ive poWder which could only be used in guns con - greeted with a special steel of extra- orelinaey resisting power. The Ger. mans heel commenced the generaliza- tion of the process end they were manufacturing several 'guns similar to then: Someone mien but Marshal Foch's offensive deor_ange,d_their plans. SUBSTITUTES BRITAIN LOST HALF HER MPS ,000,000 TONS OF SHIPPING WERR. DEeTnoYED IN WAR, ' But For the Magehent Navy of Great Erttein the Wer Would Been lest. , urging' that immediate steps be taken to rebuild the Beitleti merchant mettle, Aroinbeild Sgliurd, the naval welter, in en setiela in Tho Daily Tele. graph :says Diet although the Tinned Kingdom was not invaded, (treat Bri• tain bee pane for victory in the lusts of more then 9,000,000 tons of el:liming, ten timers it) meth 114 that lost by eitbor France or Daly, Tee Beitieh losses were 17 times as much ae tbat of the United States, Benny Inflicted by Sea, "0-tenieg to little having boons:aid of titee soanyt.01,1i,e,ticirrentits'yallul ilnpression in allied and nouteal cenut- telee that . we eatel a relatively smelt pries] for vide -est; It 48 true that wo were not invaded, but that was • due, not to good fortune, for the Bea is the bag:lest -and gun:kW nisellum for an invader, but to good policy. It is also true tame we were eat etarred, but that 'wee the result of judgment and organization. It is very necoseary that dee impoitemee should be attach- ed to the injury inflicted upon. us as 0 people Who follow the SO, because there is a temptation to exaggerate the damage sustained by the allies oca the land ana to ignore the results ot enemy action by sea. Target For Enerey. "It Is ceriain that if It had not been fur the British merchaut navy France audit:0y would have been (hie en out of the war and AlllOrIca would never bave been able to Intervene, When the -war came the vast volume of Bri- DO. merchant shipping was placed at I the service of the State and became the principal target of the enemy's naval forces. The remelt was that ap- Oroximntely half the tonnage under the Beitisli flag was destroYed. "The following figures show the total losses ln gross tonnage of -mer- chant steamers sustained by this and other countries during the war: "The United Kingdom and _Doming long 1,055,668; the United States, 501,- 038; Belgium, 105,081; Brazil, 31,279; Denmark, 245,302; Holland, 229,041; France, 807,077: Greece, 414,076; Italy, 861,435; Jaw, 270,033; Norway, 1,- 171,760; Spain, 237,862; Sweden, 264,- 001. Ten Times French Lose./ • "The British tonnage sunk, there- fore, was more...than ten times as much as that lost by either France or Italy and seventeen times as much as that lost by America. "We depend oil shipping for alinest all that we require. Virtually all of our remelting ships need to be over. hauled; which moans tbat they aro • handicapped in tradipg, and it is double ful sorne aro wmtlt the expense of • restoration. In effect, We have to build the whole or our mercantile marine as soon as we can. Other Factors, "That is one item In the War bill due ; to us as a maritime nation and our case Is separate from that of other countries, which aro not islands and are not pivotal points of maritime Em- pires, Moreover the above ligures do • not exhibit. the value of the cargo sunk, I the number cif lives doetroyed or the inestimable in)ury caused by our with- drawal of ships from distant trade routes in order that we Might help our allies and transport over the Atlantic a majority of the American troops which turned the scale on the West- ern front." THE FALKLAND ISLANDS Sheep Farming and Whaling Are Principal Industries. THE JERUSALEM EXPRESS TRAIN LINKS THE HOLY LAND WITH THE WESURN 'NATIONS • • - One of the -Britifilt Armies Lege - This Brotal.genge Bollwey LO Cairo is ..eciee to the Near Best In the tumulteif the evorld war the Openhig of the bameeleggegg raileveg• :feem Cairo to jerelielent Met jelly Pealed quite unnoticed. It WATS elle 'a the pasted improvements which General Allenhy"s Army here left be- hind it,. and,. in its WAY, it Os sns 'ag the peetest •evente eateide of the opening of the' Suez Canal, •the Neal. 'East has known, Twenty.Forar Vows, It is now poesible to enter et sleep - Mg car at Cele° Station -any evening at dinner time, and to inert: the little hilteisio•ettesti•ore below the Bethlehem road, which is the railway teeminus of the Jerusalem line, at four o'clock the next afternoon, le. former theta the overland. route Tann] Lemmata to Jer- usalem, etire El Anteli and Ga•za, took three weeks at the Tenet, end was not only highly•expeesive, but -also Tether deugereuree Of course, there was An alternative effete, which took one by sea in a coaster from Port Said to Jaffagend thence by the Teekieli me - tease -a -up reilway ,Toeusalem. The shorteet time in wbiell •tigs could be Mayeaged fens Cairo wap about thirty- six hours, but it was as ocliferouely uncomfortable es are Turkish means of travelling. The scenery along the new line ic the best that the Holy Land effords. In a evolVieetel double back, it starts from Halite= en the 'Suez Canal, where it connects With the old road from Cairo, and skirts the sea to Gaza which is the gateway to Palestine. Aceording to the present civilians* schedule of tains soon to be insti- tuted, night prevents one from seeing the splen,did new swing -Midge across the canal at Menem or the quiet graveyards and the toylike blockhone- es on the vast Sinai Desert. At dawn one sees the fairylike plantations of the oasee and Khan Yunis. Before tbrealtf est Gaza as reached, with broken white 'houses and its trench-s•aarred field's. The -morning epont a graden1 ap- proach to the hills of Aden. Conquering the Desert. Befeee luncheon are enters the orchard. area, where au far as the eye can see orange plantations eelier the country, Soon the engine pants wheezingly up a ragged and rocky valley between the mourn:thus By four o Leech the tableland is remeed, land preeently th•a begin ekes into the Jerusalem terminue, anel one enters a -waiting conveyance fee tea,at the New Hotel, Jerusalem. One cannot eentemplute the epee: - tack of the new railway, aud the difficultiee Welch Legg Sts construe: - Eon, without. acquit•ing a <hanged view Of artily organizatenn. There is too much of a disnosetien abroad to belittle armies. Civilians who have never come into cunt -ton with armiee or -army litre mg the chief offenders in this reepect 'Poke the historic. w•astee of the Sinai Desert, To -day you evill find in them huge camps; which stre•tch for miles, laid mit in perfect older, Splendid roads, thor- ough and •complete 'saintsey arrange- ments, plentiful and good food, and all the other necesaities for a huge army, have ben carved out of a wild- erness into which, two years ago, only the most intrepid traveller van:Med. All through the bern•ing day an endleseestrearn of motor -lorries, Red Cross vans, equipment vans, cannels, soldiers, Arabs, Bedouins, E•gyptians, motor-cyoles, etc. pass over the new roads. Water, which two years ago WAG nowli•ere, to -day is to be hed 'everywhere. Beer is plentiful. Wet and dry erenteene are numerous, where almost anything can be bought. And one marvels to think that a brief tevo years ago the Britith Army found no- thingi here but empty desert. - Thanks to the British Army. The Ordnance Corps has its 'work- shops, huge stores •and offices, with a hoed of Arab and Egyptian labor. Indeed, one is impressed -everywhere with What Britain's Colonies have m•e,ant to hea: -the war. Wonders hone been accomplished by armies of native •laborers who own /I:demi:ewe to the Beitith flag. Arabs and Egyptians work m thaw thous- ands -not a mob, -but (killed labor corps maigning to their work in fours marl s'inging their 'weird -war songs. Here, where all was a •cleeert two years ago, the Chnech Arany huts ring their peals ,of bells made from obelis. The Y.M.C.A, buts hold big Ithalci crowds every night. • Each- ims its stage, its piano, end its scenery, and fresh turn is .011 e -very ,fivc minutes vary night How Europeans are Endeavoring to Overcome Glees Shortage The world is suffering Teem a glass shortage. Less glass is available than during normal times, and more pats is wented. To take one aepeet alone Fountless square miles' of glass have 'been smashed. by bombardments ha the war areas in the form of Will - Sow -panes. From the glazier and the milkman to the, harassed. housewife searthing for jars in -which to pre- serve her fruits and vegetables, the glints shortage it; being felt. As a result, numerous substitutes are being tested. One, called "P. Ar - T.," comprises two sheets of paper ad- hering closely together, but with gout strands of hernp between, Thane - lucency is 'obtained by -means of a special kind of ghee ead by a flexible exterior varnish. Another ;substitute is called "Flex- ible Glass," and Ls being sold in Franco at five franks per ware metric. It um be rolled anti sent threen,h the• post "Vitro-Ceellose" is a sommevlint simi- lar sebstance, but nen/madly supeeior, as It costs more. Then there is gel- atine dissolved end dried in sheets. This &erns nn effective subsitute for a glass window, One of the Meet practiced stag- gostions is to tercet to the old.fash- leered cliamotel-panefl.windows, Clac- ked nanes would then do damage over 0, Malice wren, and smaller pieces could be esed in mending them. *4:4 Compered with other animals, the giomestle fowl is a emelt meits lent wide dietelleation end lerge munbees take iL very important that 'we tne•in- ain this branch of our eational :fooel emery derleg the eoneing reconstrec. ion period. Epee, like Mills, form m •importent part of our net•ional lint tbat catnot well be replaced with ubetitttLea, According to a representative of the Falkland Islands Company, who paid e friendly visit to the Punta Arenas consulate, there are now some 800,000 sheep on the islands, mosteg of the Romney Marsh breedovith the average fleece weighing seven pounds. The death rate -among the flocks is about twelve per cent., which is rather high and is caused 'hp the great num- ber of bog in the islands. 'Phe 1917 production of wool and skins was taken by the 13ritieli Government at Pekes fiftygive per cent. above those of 1914, •no,b, Port Stanley: There is no -freezing p121111 111 the Falielend Is- lands, but :Rome -613,00.0 'them) cal -guises are canned, the produet•going to Great 13ritain. - Next to sheep farming the meet important industry, and about the serily other induetry, is that of What- ieg, in eschith four British companies arid' one Argentine -British are etigag- ed. These companies had a very pros- t parous season in 1017 and paid divi- e deeds of 100 or 160 per cent. The 3250 thanes of one company ere now quoted at $1,790. The Wands leave about 2,000 in- hahitants, 50 of whom reside in Fort Stanley. Stet -gnu 'and .reeil services have been very poor for S021te thee. Thee wee an interval of :fair anti one- b half anonths between the arrivals of 0 the kat two ate/eaters. el "Tars", and the Artist. A portneit oil Admiral Jellicoo at t the Sell POWer Exhibition in Lemke come in for severe criticism from itt group of blue-jackete, They at once 1, Se,W.E1 point whore the artist hee stumbled, He has put the Admiral, in- to the uniform of an Admiral of the Fleet, the highest rank a all, It i8 c merlons that no one pointed out, the Ulterior %IMO these loever-fleek ce- c parte come along, • , 11 WAR NEWS AT FT. MePTIERSON Sdinge of Anni—stice Did Not Reech This Point Until Jae. 26. Thera was no prentature peace cede - ration at Poet McPherson, in North- rn Canada, seventy• miles eouth of the Aretic come for Fort McPherson id net know the wee was over until armare 26. The news :reached this ratlines pest in the •semnannual vielch left Pert McMurray, pronoseel errninal of the Alberta and Greet Vnteeways Railway, by dog team, )ecember 1. The news woe included n 250 polled:3 of mail carried by tem ledges gulled by ten doge oath and 'riven by veteran "mushere." • The distenee ie 1,1500 milert es the row flies, but cons•klerelely longer ver the /vont.' Athabasca mid Mac- amzio Rivens. The hardeneddrivere eeted 'a week at Feet, McPherson, hen began 'the leng tr.elc •haek to ciVil•• tattle -O.' The territore hichalee the 'reed bereens deep meter snow that 051111 Telling in September, 1111e bairns are knotte shiner:11MR Whial sweep from the 'frozen sea 4e5efiPS 11111.4),11!Uted leap.:1103. of e,now• .covered end uninhaltited wilderners. "The Temple of Debt has a thoue. mid entratices foe ene exit." -"The Gentle (lye i c." To refreshen 'Meknes meth cleen aiel dry perfectly. With el:one ambit bra) 'apply 'while sheflee, being cnit'- ful to 1,ep the ehmkes, PiI1 not ebeetre the will heighten Its eer. vitt end dry So 0210 )0110. ^, MANY GERMAN SPIES IN HOLLAND ARMY OF 10,000 REPT IN TOUCH WITH BRITAIN agee During the Wet hie Big Organization I3enefitted From Lack of Co -opera. Hoe Among &Melt Officials, There were 10,000 knowGerman ng•ente in Holland daring the War. A Duteh pollee inspector explained that to expel thin would simply meearth•at pluees would be taken by other and 'unknown agate, Theiy deified into Holleed on vari- ous pretexts. Some were highly educes. ted /pen, capable of moving in the best society; others were /Ilene ,sinielowers and totes. They took up all sorts of pennons. The case of the Nita,: tet the Hotel dos Italies, the Waldorf- A.storia of the lIngue, who proved to be a brother of the then barman Am- bassador at Constantinople, is already lenovrn. 13sit that ris one of hundreds of similar inci,dents. The chief task of Ills finny of men wise, of course, to keep in touch with Great Britain, In the early days ci the war there was no more difficulty in this than ef there was 110 war, Brit- leh passpotts in these days Were not worth the paper on which they were produ-ced. A young journalist who eras in Hol. land but had no passport got one from the local oonsul Dutchman, of course,) simply on the preelection of a letter from home. Later on it WIXS rendeeede very Miticult to get a Brit. ieh passport, but et/menet/ enough, the previous issues of athelees paper was not withdrawn until the war had been in progress for three fan yeare. It need lewdly ,be said the% the Ger- man secret service made good use of the eareleseness. Dutchmen as Couriers. Ar,0111 the spies benefited from the lack of co-operation between the dif- ferent Bnitish departments. Thus in one large town the British commun. ity was unofficially warned- against patronizing a certain music dealer, who was a known Germen agent. Yet that man was one of the few Dutch mimic dealers who had a license for the import of Britieh music. Dutchmen wore largely used as couriers between the Gennan agents in Holland and the spies in Britele. Loose women mid night clubs were employed as a means of ensnaring young men for this purpose. Another aspect of the ec•tieities of these human moles Was that of gath- ering information in Ifollend. The organizatiqn behind thcrn was marvel- lous. Enormous, prices were paid to Dutch telege•aphers foe copies of En- tentn code wires passing between the legations and Downing 'Street or the Quey dneny. So Inn:pant did this igen become thet the Dutch autherities had to inekt .on each operator asib- niibtbiig tb •searelt 'before going on duty and again -afterwards. Photography was used to an extra. ordinary extent. Passengers board- ing the boats for England were snap- shotted and the photort ell carefully filed. Photography was chriefiy used to ensnare •poesible victims. On ono °erasion a French ataehe, riding in the woods near Wastenaar, encoun- tered a lady is -ho had been thrown 21'4411 her horse. With the gallantry of his Mee, he went: to her assistaiwa A few days later he was eonfronted with a photograph of himself kneel- ing ;beside the "injured" lady. He was told that the lady was not injured at all, and would tell her own story. Threat of Exposure. With the threat of eeposere as a l•sver, great effort v:as made to turn him into a traitor. Fortunately, he acted promptly and with courage, and in consequence a dangerous band was brolcen up. ThiS Wils by no moans an isolated instance. One tharectoristie of Teutonic me- thods was the adoption of great pre- cautions to get the oclieen in the event of discovery thrown on Britain. On one occasion an "English" yacht, man- ned jay "Englishmen," WAS found stranded in forbidden waters near the month of the Scheldt. The yacht was seized add the crew arrested. On board was found a fairly complete plan of the Dutch mine field protecting the mouth of the Scheldt. The odium was thus thrown on iSrit•arin., Happily a few days later the plot was discov- ered and the pseudo Englishmen were found to be Teutons from Hamburg,. Finally an instance may bo given of how the practice of spying ha.s been ingrained in the German people.' A Dutch family living at Haarlem had. is German boy of 11. staying with them en the summer of 1917. They Lound that the youngster was keeping O note of au that was said in the eon- vereation about Germany. When asked . the reason of this the boy said that lie had been instrected to do so by his school teacher so • that one Cody who spoke against the Kaiser could he found out mid punished. That sons a hey of 11! HAIG'S NARROW ESCAPES Stunned by a Shell Bet "Carried On" Nntwithstanding. Sir Douglas Hein has shared so far as possible bac diegoinfoets and dan- gers of his officers and men; indeed, more than once in France 41.1d Fland- ers he has had narrow escapes from death.. , He had only -been "out, there" 60010 WIG menthe when he made a tag ot , the Bees on the Mollie mad. while • they Were being heavily shelled. ' "Deggie" displayed the coolness Which , characterizes all his movements, f1114 the effect was uotable, for the erceper, „falling beck melee an oterewletiming attack:, sallied at, mese :fed dreve the enemy Miele Nut. Irene afterenerls Sir Oar:glee . Animal by a ellen which NIMJ., of his staff, but "ear. glee 'ee," delete hie ehnleieg. Tbeee instances ag, mi.the only , 0011.4 s',•13i01 1.1n, Corps tql Armg • rommencier in 4,thger yam 0.10 elemn '3 Atelier '