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The Brussels Post, 1917-10-4, Page 2Bits of Knowledge For the Motorist The holes, drilled in muffler some- times are rough and ragged, with the result that' the escaping gases set u 'a whistling noise anything but agree able. Smoothing off the rough edges Will usually eliminate the unweleom sound. A set f carbon scrapers should be 'part' of the equipment of every car, •Besides using them to clean the cylin- ders of carbon they are useful for scraping mud from the engine or other places. It is not advisable to use them alone when removing carbon. The lumps of soot fall down on top of the his- tone and help to' clog the muffler un- less they are blown out by an air hose or a tire pump. If it is inconvenient to have the cyl- inders burned out, then use a carbon solvent. One of the best is half am- monia and half kerosene. Put the pis- ton at top of compression stroke so that the valves will be closed. Fill cylinder full of mixture, scraping the piston head and head of the cylinder with the carbon scrapers. The liquid must then be removed with air oil gun. If you are in doubt as to the value of this treatment try the following experiment: Place some soot in a bottle and pour in equal parts of kerosene and ammonia. Shake it thoroughly. The mixture will be- come so discolored as to be opaque PERILOUS -DUTIES OF WINGED ''NAV' TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE ENEMY LINES. As a matter of sober fact, the bullet entered his shoulder from above and. behind, breaking his left collarbone, and emerged just above his heart, tearing a jagged rent down his breast, Both his feet, furthermore, were pierced by bullets, but the observer Was plot concerned with petty detail. "Observer head fire until -H, A., 'div- ing on tail was within five yards," Here it might be mentionedthat 41 CANADA WILL PROTECT BIRDS Farmers and Sportsmen Benefit by New International Measures, The international Convention for the protection of migratory birds in Canada and the United States, ratified in Doceniber last,' constitutes the most shelving its solvent action on Carbon, important and fa:treaehing measure "If you're in the least in doubt about I h t ever taken in the history of bird pro- f Men Fuld They H Other Tl' to the machines were hurtling through teetion It affords the best moans of your tires do Than Use a Camera and Dodge the Archies. better get new win., i you Y ave ter anis ensuring space- at a speed in the'region of one g not chis a cassation of, the p are going to drive on a vacation trip, says a service man, "You don't want, to carry the haunting thought that e you have a casing 'or two that muy • Recently the Royal Navy. Ai' Ser- gles and laughedtriumphantly as he hu ds, but, in many eases, it assures' an numbers which let go any minute when you are sup- vice undertook a photographic recoil took his sight for the shot that was to' increase In their numbers posed to be out for el joyment, The naissanee of the entire Belgian coast end the fight, But the'observes' had been ruth1eisly depleted. It affects tires you. take off may be carried as from Nieuport to the Dutch frontier. his own idea of how the fight should over 1,000 species of our chlor insect - spares, and you'll be assured of a The work in progress at Ostend and, end, eating and game birds, It guarantees trouble-free trip." Zeebrugge, the activities of submar- "Then shot one tray into pilot's to the farmer the continued existence When followingother cars on a y basins, face," be says with curt 'relish, "and of the insect -eating birds, the most lues and destroyers inside the crowded country road, watch out for locks, quays and gun emplacements watched him stall, sideslip and go spin- Powerful and active allies ,he has in a -sudden stop. Get in the habit of and the results of bombs dropped ring earthward in a trail of smoke," the fight againet the destroyers of his running the car slightly off the road, thereon the night before were all crops; and it guarantees to_the sports - if there is room, so that if the braltes y Wounded Pilot Lands Machine faithfully recorded 'by these aerial' men a 'never -failing supply of ducks, do not ]told you will be in no danger cameras. The negatives were develop- He then turned his attention to his geese, and other game birds. of hitting the car ahead. ed'and printed, the resultant birdseye p'u'n pilot. The British machine was In fulfillment of its obligations un. Keep your eye on the road. Many pictures enlarged, studied through barely under control, but as the oh- der- the Convention, the Canadian operators are continually looking down stereoscopic lenses and finally given serer rose in his seat to investigate Government introduced the Migratory at their feet, at the accelerator pedals, to the monitors "for information and the foremost gun fired and the aggres- Birds Convention Bill to carry out the etc., while operating. This takes their guidance," Since it is not given to 6'02: ahead went out of control and div -provisions of the Convention, and this attention away from the road, which is every one to recognize the entrance to ed, nose first, in helpless spirals. measure has recently passed both dangerous. With a little practice you a dugout or a group of searchlights as Suspecting ,that las mate was badly houses of Parliament As soon as as hundred -dies an hour, The pilot of decrease in the numbers' of our migra- the H. A. having swooped to within tory birds such. as the insectivorous speaking distance; pushed up' his.gog- h!rde' the wildfowl, waders and seal can soon locate all the necessary ped- they appear from a height,p£ 20,000 els, etc., without locking for them. feet, the photographs were embellish - This is the only safe way to drive. ed with explanatpry notes for the Make sure your breathing tube benefit of 'any one unaccustomed to wounded in spite of this achievement, sent is given to the bill, regulations the observer swung one leg over the , will be promulgated fixing close sea- side of the fusilage and 'climbed onto softs. the wing—figure for a minute the air In the case of insectivorous birds, it screen is not clogged. Hold your such unfamiliar aspects of creation. .Pressure on his body during this will be unlawful to kill them or to take hand over it while the engine is run- The Germans say they are a modest gymnastic feat -until he was beside their eggs at any time ' of the year. ning and see if air is puffed oat. If people. They were as busy as beavers, the pilot. Faint and drenched with The close seasons on ducks and geese not, investigate and clean out the and they resented these importunate blood', he had, nevertheless,got his If allowed to remain it photographers with all the fervor that machine back into complete control will not exceed three and one-half willobstruction.put „ months, and the dates of opening and will put a. harmful back pressure on springs from true modesty, Their` Get back, you ass!" he said closing` will be fixed in accordance the pistons, which will cut down the anti-aircraft 'guns plastered the in-' through white lips in response to in, truders with'Turstin shrapnel, and gnirdes as to ho}vhefelt. The ass got with local conditions and after consul• • b talion with the proper authorities in power of the engine g P __. -._ ; from every coast aerodrome Boche ack the way he came and looked th diff From the Ocean Shore machines rose like a cloud of angry around for the remainder of the H. a crept provinces. On atnumber CONSERVE PERISHABLE FOODS. hornets to give battle. Yet day after A.'s. These, however, appeared to of birds, suahias the cranes, swans, 1an11 most of the shore -birds, with the exception of woodcock, snipe, Th ddl d certain plover and yellow -legs, which BITS OF NEWS FROM THB are becoming greatly reduced in num- MARITIME bers, a close season of ten years will MARITIME PROVINCES. be provided. The wood duck and chard and garden products s lak ng h truest duck will also be given special protection. Where they are urious to agricultural or other int eta, pro- vision will be made for the killing of protected birds under special permit. Regulations will also be made to pro- hibit the shipment of migratory birds or their eggs during the close seasons An Appeal to the Citizens of Canada On a Matter of Vital Importance. The Food Controller is informed that avoidable waste of-' valuable or - day fresh plates find their way to the have lost stomach for further fight} developing trays, and a comparison ing and fled ` between the official reports of the'; a ri a machine returned home flight, couched in a laconic terseness at 100 knots, while the observer, hav of phrase that is good to read, and the ing.no .nothing better to do, continued t amazing result§ . obtained gives per- take photographs. "The pilot, cur ew Items of Interest From Places Lap- , ped By Waves of the Atlantic, The New Brunswick hay crop is ex- pected to be the heaviest in recent years. The potato crop in New Brunswick is suffering badly from rust or early blight. What promised to be a bumper crop of oats and wheat in New Brunswick has been spoiled by early rains. The rain in Fredericton seriously in- terfered with the operations at the lumber mills, and some were com- pelled to suspend operations, Staff Sergi, Ed. E. Kelley, formerly of Moncton, is in an English hospital convalescing from wounds inflicted by a half wild broncho. Nine-year-old Hilbert Scott of Ox- ford, N.S., accidentally shot and killed his little sister while playing with a I gun, Itis father is overseas. A serious railroad accident occurred near River Deny's, not far from New Glasgow. The air brakes on the head engine of a •corking train gave way, and the rear enema crashed through the van. One man was killed and one fatally hurt. The strike of the York and Sunbury Milling Company employees of the I newly -incorporated town of Devon, 1 for shorter hours, has been settled. s Donald Baxter MacMillan, who ar- t rived at Sydney, N.S„ last Sunday, was one of the assistants to Capt. Peary a when he set out in July, 1908, on the "Roosevelt" far the purpose of reach- ing the North Pole. The Face in. the Periscope. Anyone who has used a periscope knows that unless you hold the in- strument properly you will see your i own visage instead of the landscape t reflected in the lower glass. The An- e zac Book tells the story of one Bill, a soldier at Gallipoli, who did not hold the periscope correctly. He saw in it s a dark, dirty face with a wild growth of black stubble, glaring straight back at him; whereupon he dropped the periscope, seized his rifle and scramb- led up the parapet, fully intending to finish the Turk who: had dared to look down the other end of his periscope, But he found no one at the top, and returned to the trench amid the laugh- ter of his comrades. Paris has established a museum of the horse, presenting a complete his- tory of the animal from the earliest known period to the present day, i i place in many towns and -villages ops the measure of the work though wounded made a , perfect land - throughout Canada. perfoiiried by these very gallant ing." Thus the report concludes. • In order to prevent this waste, an gentlemen. appeal is made to the Mayors, Reeves Every Detail Photographed and Officers of the respective muni- Not t. spadeful of earth can be turn- French Highways, Always Good, Are cipalities to take immediate steps to ed over or a trowel of cement added to conserve such products as cannot be a bastion along the coast but a note ' Being Improved by British Troops. NEW ROADS IN' FRANCE. made use of by thedproFlucers or dis- appears a day or two later upon the! Hundreds et miles of the smooth, and generally to govern the traffic in posed of through the usual channels. long chart which adorns the record' white macadam roads of Northern them and their eggs. To accomplish this object the fol- office of this particular squadron. A. France will remain for many years While -the numbers ofihe migratory; lowing suggestions are made :— crumpled escorting' machine may have after -the war as a real memorial to birds In Canada and 'the United 1. Citizens are urged: (a) To use come down out of the clouds, eddying the devastated towns the Germans States have been most seriously de - every means In their power to con- like a withered leaf, to crash some- left after. their retreat in the spring. plated by varloue pauses, confidence lserve for their own use their full re- where behind the German lines; there All over Northern France the roads is felt that, with international co-op- quiremeuts of fruits and vegetables; may be -somewhere near the shore a (b) To dispose of any surplus they broken boy in goggles and leathar ly- are being^ widened and resurfaced eration; and, particularly, the prohi- with stone and rubble taken -from the bition of spring shooting, a gradual 1n= e of our wild lmay have through the usual channels ing amid the wreckage of his last, wrecked houses of Peronne, Albert, crease in the abundant of trade, or turn such surplus over to flight. Such is the price paid for a' Arras and countless other ruined bird life will take Plato. a local conservation committee. few more dots added in red ink to a towns and villages. I of feet of chart. THE TRYST. 2. That the head of every Munici- coup As fast as the British soldiers clear pality organized from representatives The work of these photographic re -1 As the as the of the towns it. it of the carious local societies, orgam- •orders, pilot and observer alike, dif- piled into lorries and distributed in =tons and religious denominations, Pers from all other forms of war fly- i heaps along the main roads. There a civic conservation committee to ing, Their sole duty is to take .photo-' take charge of the assembling of all graphs, not haphazard' but of a given ,German prisoners -,toil the day long surplus orchard and garden products objective. This necessitates steering'. pounding it into level patches, which that may be donated by the individual a perfectly steady course, regardless the great steam rollers, many of them citizens by enlisting the cooperation of all distraction, such a bursting, bearing familiar American names, of the public and high school teachers, "Archies" and angry Alba •oss fight- grind quickly into smooth macadam utilizing parties organized from ers. They leave the fighting to their' for the business of•transport. amongst the pupils, aided by convey- escorts and their fate to Providence. The.brick and stone of these old ances donated for the purpose by the The observer, peering earthward,bui'ldings make as good road material citizens. through his view finder, steers the as could be obtained anywhere, and 3, That the Various conservation pilot by means -of reins until he sights the work of the German dyn'amiters committees make immediate and ads- the line on which the desired_ series of has been so thorough that much of it quote arrangements for the safe ator- photographs are to be taken; once. is crushed Inc enough to need no fur - ng of all such surplus products until over this the pilot flies the machine on ther preparation. uch time as they can be disposed of an undeviating course, and the obser- The roadsrof Northern France al - o the various charitable organizations ver proceeds' to take photographs. ways were excellent, but they never r soldiers' homes or sold by such When all the plates have been exposed were better than to-day.'The only pmmittee to thoso unable to purchase they turn around and return home complaint travellers had against them at regular prices, or disposed of with what remains of the escort. On in the old days was that the paved through the regular trade channels occasions the escort have -vanished, strip in the centre was too narrow. and the proceeds of all such sales do- eitherearthward or in savage pursuit That complaint cannot fie made after noted to the Red Cross or similar or= of resentful though faint hearted the British highway plans have been ganizations as the discretion of the Boches; this ,is when the homing completed, for all the main. highways committee shall direct. photographers' moments are apt to will be macadamized to a width per become crowded with incident. mitting three broad gauge lorries to Adventure 12,000 Feet Above Earth run abreast, and even the byways will One such adventure deserves to be have a paved surface wide enough to recorded. It happened about 12,000 allow traffic to 'pass easily at any feet above Mother Earth. The official point. It is urged that the widest possible ubliclty be given to this appeal and he earnest co-operation of all citizens niisted in its behalf. • Sliced bananas sprinkled with brawn reports, typed in triplicate, covered ugar 'and juice of lemon is an yp p some dozen lines; the actual events, an `economy ea dessert that should have equal number of minutes; but th`e a place often on a wartime menu. story should live through eternity. In Dutch Guiana the women carry , "While exposing six plates," says upon their persons all' the family the official report of this youthful re- savings in the shape of heavy brace- cording angel,- "observed five H. A.'s lets, anklets, necklaces, and even cruising." ,' H. A. stands for hostile crowns of gold and silver, aeroplane, "Not having seen escort Many plant students are led to won- since turning inland, pilot prepared to der how ears of corn become eo well return. Enemy separated, one tak- poilenated that no vacancies oceux ing up position above tail and one among the kernels, for the tassels are ahead. The other three glided toward so far above the silks and winds blow us on pdrt side" (observe the nevi freely- throughout the fields. But speaking) "firing as they came, close observation has shown that there "The two diving machines fired over are 7,000 pollen grains -to every ovule, one hundred rounds, hitting pilot in and only one is necessary. shoulder." - Excessive dustiness is the only fault to -day, for war economics will not permit the use of precious oil on roadways. There is little need anywhere in this district for straightening roads or altering routes, because the roads of Northern France mostly run straight as an arrow's flight. Most of the great highways were laid out in Na- poleon's time by military surveyors, and their strategic value and import- ance always has been kept primarily in mind by the French Government, A mash, made of milk with a mix- ture of shorts and crushed oats, Will reduce the cost of feeding fowls,/" She came with luring looks;, she came With golden beck and wiles; "And will you go with me," she said, "Adown the amber aisles?" Right willingly with her I went; A rustling path she took; With her eyes there were the dyes Of gentians by the brook. Her hair gave back the dappled sheen Of sunlight on the corn, And she had all the lovely mien Of one to beauty born. Harkl—'tis her wooing voice again Calling from wood and rill! 'Tis Autumn bids me to the tryst ''Beneath the crimsoned hill. —Clinton Scollard. A MOONLIGHT RAID. • ~ Where riseth Britain Like a strong castle, +r Mooted and girt by sea- Ocean her vassal— See, in the moonlight, From the North Sea flying, Come the great man -dragons All earth defying! Out of the Norseland, Past where the Maelstrom roars, Once sailed the twilight gods Unto her shores; Chained a millennium Were Thor and Odin - - Who came with their raven wings— Now cometh Woden. Rule, rule, Britannia, Moated by sea— Yield unto Dragon Gods No sovereignty) -M. E. Buhler, ARRAS: CITY PRESENT-DAY OF DESOLATION ,RATTLEPLANES MONUMENT/TO THE BARBARITY) .UP-TO-DATE AIR -FIGHTING MA. SOF THE GERMANS. CHINE IS BIPLANE. This `Once Beautiful Trench City, aei hs 1. 0 W g ,4 0 Pounds ,and Has a Noted Centre of Culture] is Speed of From 60 to 125 Miles Ruined Beyond Repair, Per Hour. It was raining and a chilly wind -gust as there are many species of blew as we passed beneath a battered birds, so before longwe shall have arch into the tragic desolation of many different kinds of flying ma- Arras. I chines. Already we have hydroplanes I have seenvillages pounded by and flying boatia correspondingto gunfire' into hideous mounds ofdust waterfowl, But the most .highly dif- , and rubble, their very semblance fatentiated type of aircraft thus far blasted utterly away; but Arras, shell developed is the battleplane-the air-' torn, scarred, disfigured. for all time, plane built for fighting. is a city still—a City of Desolation. It is battleplanes that ere chiefly Her streets lie empty and silent, her needed, and unlimited numbers of once pleasant squares are a dreary de- them,' on the Alliesrfront in France. solation, her noble buildings, menu- Swift scout planes and bombing ments of her ancient splendor, are planes have important value; but the ruined beyond repair. Arras is a dead fighting aircraft milt do the work city, whose mournful silence is broken of destroying or driving, away the en- only by the intermittent "thunder of envy machines. When the Allies have guns. a sufficient number of them on the Thus, as I -paced these deserted fighting line the Boehes will be at our streets, where none moved, save my- mercy, because their artillery will be self (for my companions had hastened -blinded. • • on), as I gazed .on ruined buildings It is worth while, then, to explain that echoed mournfully to my tread, just what the typical battleplane is what wonder that my thoughts were like, inasmuch as most people have a gloomy as the day itself! I paused rather hazy notion in regard to this in a street 'of fair, tall houses, from kind' of machine. They have an idea whose broken windows curtains of that it is armored in some fashion, lace, of plush and tapestry flapped and that one man operates a machine. mournfully in the chill November gun ih a fight while another steers. wind like rags upon a corpse, while Whether it is a monoplane or a , iii- from some dim interior came the plane is not clearly understood. hollow rattle of a doom while in Sixty Miles an Hour. every gust a swinging shutter groan- ed despairingly on rusty hinge. ' Relics of a Vanished People. Now, the fact is that the up-to-date - air -fighting machine is a one-seater— carrying, that is to say, only one man Wherever I looked were evidences —and of relatively small size, It is -a of arrested life, of action suddenly biplanel.and, being very swift, needs stayed; in one bedroom a trunk open coniparativelyaemall wings to support' , with a pile of articles beside it to be- it.' The upper of the two planes may packed; in another, a great bed, its be no more than thirty feet long, and sheets and blankets tossed askew by the lower one ten feet' shorter. On hands wild with haste; while in a viewing it one marvels that so small -a room lined with bookcases a deep -Wing-spread can uphold the engine, armchair was drawn up to the hearth, the man and the body of the aphara- with a email table whereon stood a tus, corresponding to that of a bird, in decanter and a half emptied glass which he sits. and an open book whose damp leaves' The machine weighs 1,400 pounds, stirred in the wind now and thenof which 500 pounds is the weight of as if touched by"unseen fingers. In- the engine. 1S'can travel sixty miles deed, more than- once .I marvelled to an hour, but this is its .minimum speed see how, amid the awful wreckage of for staying aloft,in.the air. -Its maxi - broken floors and t(imbled ceilings, mum speed is . delicate vase's and chinaware had hour. It carries110 thirtoty gallons 125 ofmiles gaspan- miraculously escaped destruction, line and can stay tip in the air three Upon one cracked wall a Targe mir- hours. At a pinch, it can travel 400 rd' reflected the ruin of a massive miles. Bigger machines; such as carved sideboard, while in another bombcarriers, are provided with much house hard by a magnificent ivoay more 'gasoline and can travel over far and ebony crucifix yet hung above an greater distances. But the battleplane awful twisted thing that had been -a is not designed for long journeys. Its brass bedstead. (.business is fighting. The duels in the - Here and there on either side this air that one reads about in the news - narrow street ugly gaps showed Papers are not ordinarily fights be - where houses had once stood, .tom- tween air scouts or bombers, though fortable homes now only unsightly they are liable to be attacked, but heaps (•rubbish; a confusion of brok- en beams and rafters- amid which one another. • divers familiar objects obtruded them-' Are Not Armered. selves, broken chairs and tables, a No fighting airplane has ever worn grandfather clock and a shattered armor except in the shape of a rcc- piano whose melody was silenced for--tangular piece of sheet steel placed ever. • +beneath the seat of the aviator. Such Through all these gloomy relics of a protection is of very little use. the a vanished people I went slow -footed air -fighter to -day usually discards it and heedless of direction - until by to get rid of its weight. Every extra chance I came out into the wide Place pound he has to carry interferes a.by and saw before me all that remained just that much with maneuvering — of of that stately building which for in other words, with his chance for centuries had been the Hotel de '.Wille, life in an air Amp. the City I•Iall, now nothing but a Flying machines of large size now - crumbling ruin of noble arch and mas- adays often are equipped with gyro- sive,.tower; even so, in shattered fa- scope stabilizers. But the battleplane cede and mullioned -windows one might man wants nothing of that :sort; be yet sae something of that beauty will not have it, because it interferes which had made it famous. 1 with ,maneuvering. Suppose,+fbr in- Qbliviovs of driving ram I stood stance that he wishes to loop the loop bethinking me of this ancient city; ie such fashion as to drop from in how in the dark ages it• had endured frontof his adversary and come up the horrors of battle and siege, had from behind—the+4ost advantageoue. Meted the catapaults of Rome, heard tactical position. Oh, no; the spilled the fierce shouts of barbarian assail- airfighter prefers' to bet'his own stabil- ants, known the merciless savagery izer. of religious wars and remained `a Biplanes Are Safer. city still only for the cultured barberIle carries no bombs; he is previa- -ian of to -day to make it a desolation.' ed with no wireless. His only weapon ii5 a machine gun—though sometiines hs has 'rwo such guns, ' The gun is The potato, .long regarded by the operated by the motor of the flying fastidious as vulgar, is now joyously machine. All the man has to do is to hailed as a life presetvor. press a button or -put his hand .on a mechanism that connects with the Instead of planting a horse -chest- nut, why not plant -a real nut tree? Pecans, hickories, or -English walnuts cost very little more than horse -chest- nuts, make less litter, and produce a valuable crop., ' - Ulnae, MD colommsea iblate "MERE YOU G0, • % powp> RING VoUR Noses AGAIN! .//R. A LITTL$ RoWbpR AM I MARRIED TO 4 ctoWN Oia A WOMAN y na WOMEN CERTAINLY ARE THE I IMIT� THEY WASTE roc MUcN -rims PoWD> RINo AND !%INC UP - 17 MAK ,` ��%4 (+ i, r WEARY! MASSA TODAY OH -GIVE Mt A MASSAGE DUFF Z Willi cocOANUT 011 A WoN°f µURI AN90N ALf ISE Ti7M� Dol f.IN' YOUR PACE! trr-rLe 6A`! WM, AND • a19, t.M A1C : to, i, ;4-4-1104rg �,� 'OI011011111 . iiitil- Ital.�:: ,,hHII ::: i0 I ,t A coUPLE-o1 Hot TuWEI s r v. % �• OP LAY oFP I7 1 Sp,V, Al.Y aFF I7; �S ``-'''''�''`� ,a jlt 1'i' `44i� ^ n^ M7✓ _ r Vii nn r r `�;, !" 54• 'N" 41 w ♦tail �// �/ 11111'' , �,, logil I lill Q�� I'f �� /*TV (�\ A* /� 44 t + " .r i• - iliv ,... C.t.g' N,w.Srhrasi Eu4fe4Ppi5c+SSNg MI ira . 11, 441; /Ion r ,-.3,,,,e, Wimp .. Cllr,.. ,u. 'a triggon, He must do the aiming, of course the gun, actuated by the mo. tor, does the -rest, discharging a stream of bullets. The bullets are fired through 'the propeller, But they do not strike the propeller's fans because the sction of the motor is so "synchronized" with the discharge of the projectiles as to prevent this. Oil should 'under- stand that the propeller of a battle - plane is in front of the machine; it is ra tractor, pulling the machine through the olr, . The old fashioned flying machines catried their propellers behind The aviator. (perhaps two of them) sat in ' front of the engine If the machine fell and dropped, as was likely, no•e- , foremost,C the men were liable to be smashed beneath the engine. But the driven of the biplane sits behu}}d hie engine, and, if there is an accident or he is knodked down in a duel he fells on top of it and the propeller takea. stip some of the shock . The principal reason why the typi- cal battleplane is n biplane and not a monoplane it that with the former iy slower landing speed can be used, Th" is, therefore, safer, "ttft heal 'even a whole city renped the evil feint of a bad man." 4