The Brussels Post, 1917-2-22, Page 3cop 1ue ies'
aelefos
Conducted by Professor Henry G. Bell.
The object of this department Is to place at the
• +, eervioe of our farm readers the advice of an aoknowl.
edged authority an all subjoota pr•etalning to soils and
crops.
Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Sell, in
care of The Wilson Publishing Company, Limited, To.
ronto, and answers will appear in this column In the
order in which they are received, As space is limited
It is advisable where immediate reply Is necessary that
a stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the
question, when the answer will be mailed direct.
loe
Question—I3. C.—Would it be pro-
fitable to put a piece of land into
spring wheat this spring, and would it
be alright to use artificial fertilizer if
no manure is used? What are the
best varieties of seed? The soil is
gravelly loam?
Answer. --1f the price of wheat re-
mains anything near what it is at pres-
ent, spring wheat should be a very pro-
fitable crop in 1917. Prof. Zavitz of
Ontario Agricultural College advises
using from 1% 'bushels of seed per
acre. He recommends the Marquis
wheat which has done best of its type
in teats throughout the various parts)
of the province. Another good spring
wheat is Wild Goose, which produces
an exceedingly hard kernel but one
not of very high quality. Early Java
spring wheat is another variety which,
I believe it would be advisable to ap-
ply at least 260 lbs. of fertilizer per.
acre in order to insure a good vigor -f
ous start of this money -crop. For a
gravelly loam, I would apply a fortili-;
zer carrying from 2 to 3% ammonia,'
at least 8% phosphoric acid and 1 to
- 2% potash, This can be broadcasted
with a lime spreader, but is better ap-
plied through the fertilizer dropping
attachment of the grain drill.
W. H. H.—The Maples—I have 500
acres pasture land and 700 acres
meadow. Am carrying a little over
100 head of beef cattle, 100 hogs and;
35 sheep at present. Ain anxious to.
make my land carry more. What
can you suggest?
Answer—If water stands on your
meadows or pastures late in spring,
obviously drainage is necessary. See
Cha° Sau eWigt
Henry :.Bell.
that surface drains are kept open, and
add tile drains as you are able until
all the land drams freely. Valuable
pasture and meadow grasses and clov-
ers
lowers will not thrive in water-logged
soil,
If clover is scarce in the sod and
sheep sorrel grows freely, it is likely
your meadow or pasture land is sour.
; Apply two to four tons of finely
ground limestone per acre, or its
equivalent of burnt lime or marl. Tina,
,can be spread on the land as soon as
it is dry enough to drive over it in •
spring. A broadcast limesower is best
to use in spreading the lime.
It may be the plantfood of your
grass land is getting scarce or inac-
tive. If so, spread from 5 to 10 loads
of manure on your meadow next spring
just as grass growth is starting.
Finally, the kinds of grasses grow-
ing in your meadow may be naturally
low yielders. If so, let your next
seeding be of high-grade seed of good
varieties. Prof. Zavitz of Ontario
Agricultural College, after 10 years'
tests, recommends the following mix-
ture.
Grasses. Lbs. per A.
Orchard 4
Meadow Fescue 4
Tall oats 3
Timothy 2
Meadow I+'oxteil 2
The average 10 -yr. yield was 5.09
tons per acre,
Legumes. Lbs, per A.
Alfalfa. 5
Alsike Clover 2
White Clover 1
Yellow Trefoil 1
Total 24 lbs.
is also successfully grown.
If farmers were determined to raise
as much of their feed as possible, per-
haps dairying would not look so down
in the mouth.
"Animal heat" is a term loosely
used, but it means something when it
comes to maintaining stock in midwin-
ter. It will never do to let the fire
go down, however hard it may be upon
the feed bin,
The best way to bring cream to the
right temperature for churning in cold
weather is to put the pail in a tub of
very warm water.
Stir the cream constantly so it wi11
get warm evenly. If it is overheat-
ed the butter will be greasy and
cheesy.
If cream is held too long it will be-
come bitter and hard to churn.
No herd of cows can do well unless
the supply of water is abundant and
clean, If the herd can be watered in
the stable, and help themselves, so
much the bel.'et .
Certain breeds of sheep are dis-
tinctly more fertile than others.
Not a bit of the droppings of a flock
should be wasted, and a flock winter-
ed in roomy quarters under cover will
give an increased profit.
The litter will absorb all the liquids,
and the flock will keep the mass pack-
ed down so it will not heat. Sprinkle
lund-plaster over the pen frequently
to keep down any odors.
Keep the pens well littered with
clean bright straw, and keep them per-
fectly level.
Keep the ewes very thrifty by
watchful, careful feeding.
13e sure that your ewes do not crowd
though narrow doors. Crowding or
jamming may kill an unborn lamb, and
possibly the ewe.
OJfacif
Many temps in pig breeding can bo
avoided by proper care of the sow
during the gestation period.
If a pig has a cough give it some
oil -meal in its feed, Oil -meal is
laxative and it will often help a slight
Cold,
Wheat middlings made in a thick
slop is one of the hest foods for grow-
ing pigs. Never feed heal dry to
pigs; make a thick slop always.
Don't forget to give tbo pige lots
of bright clovor.hay or alfalfa. They
will eat it and it is the best thhrg in
the world for them in connection with
other feed.
Watch the bowels and if cunet:ipat.ed
givo sone sneculence; roots are good
in such cases,
Don't: •overfeed the brood saws and
got them loo fat. A fat sow Hever
has a gond litter of pigs. Keep the
llrood SOW:, ,alive.
Po1.&'
This is the time of the year that
colds are most prevalent. Keep the
front of the house open, but see that
there are no openings in the back or
aide walls to cause draughts.
Everybody too busy to give the hens
a fresh drink, yet there is no other lit-
tle chore about the farm more import,
ant than watering the chickens.
Fix up a sheltered corner for the
early broody. A newspaper in the
'bottom of the neat helps to keep the
' eggs warm.
A dry atmosphere is a pretty good
insurance against canker and roup•'
Shun low, damp, foggy places for the
poultry business.
Growing birds need mineral matter
in their feed a good deal more than do
those that have gained their full
growth. Old birds are not making
bone and muscle as much as they did
once. But it stunts chicks and young
hefts to get short of grit and shells.
The hen never lays an egg until all
the ingredients necessary for the
complete development of a chick are
present. Since the egg contains pro-
tein as well as carbohydrates, any
amount of carbohydrates fed in the
form of grain will not offsetthe ne-
cessity of protein. Mille given to the
birds, either as a (}rink or in the form I
of wet mash, will double egg yields.!
Commercial meat scrap is of equal!
value, and may be substituted when
milk cannot be obtained.
PIGS IN CLOVER,
Three girl pupils who are learning farming nndrr the nnsplees of the
J.otthtgham lOducatlon Committee with some little plge whk,h are among,
tiro animal, ender their charge,
POTAT9ES FOR ONTARIO
The Third of a Series
of Five Special Articles
by Prof. Henry G. Bell.
If Ontario produced in 1917 300 hue.
per acre of potatoes on the acreage
devoted to potatoes last year, she
could provide one pound of potatoes a
day for a whole year for a population
of 8,260,000 people. Can she do it?
I believe she can. Such an accom-
plishment is but the result of applying
methods which have "proven out" no
further removed from Ontario than
Aroostock Co., Maine. The yield per
acre obtained in this county has fre-
quently exceeded 300 bus. for areas
not of 5 or. 10 acres but on whole
farms of 75 to 150 acres.
Ontario for the most part has a
good potato soil. The range of tem-
perature and rainfall during the grow-
ing season is usually such as favors
good yields of potatoes. Labor is very
scarce, and potatoes probably require
more labor than most farm crops.
Nevertheless, if Ontario farmers
would individually or co-operatively
equip themselves with modern potato
machinery, a great deal of hand labor
could be avoided, and large areas
handled with little more labor than it
now takes to work the common 3 to
5 a. potato patches. There are at
least five great essentials in growing
this crop, each of which must be care-
fully observed if big yields or first
quality are to be harvested:
lst—Potato soil must be fairly
open, friable, and must be well drain-
ed.
Potatoes will not thrive in water-
logged soil. See that the open drains
are clear and the tile drains are doing
their work. Plant your trop on sod
land that was deeply plowed. The tu-
bers swell rapidly in July. They must
not be constricted by heavy, closely
packed soil. Disk and harrow the
seedbed till it is mellow.
2nd—Potatoes must have an abund-
ance of moisture, especially when the
tubers are filling,
"Ah, yes!" you say, "that is just
where we cannot control conditions."
Are you sure you cannot control the
moisture supply, at least to a con-
siderable extent''
i Is your Boil deeply fall plowed, so
that it can catch and retain the great
amount of water that falls upon it in
the shape of snow and rain during
winter and early spring?
Is your soil well stocked with I` de-
caying plant material—stubble, second
crop clover, strawy manure—humus?
It acts like a sponge, catching and
holding the moisture till it is needed.
3rd ---Suitable well-bred varieties al-
ways outyield mongrel stock. Seed
late, stockearly nt .ate whether should
bo pure, otherwise there will be
un-
equal ripening, and frequently a vari-
ation in size and quality which great-
ly discounts the product when it is
ready for market.
4th—Potatoes require en abundance
of well-balanced plant. food. Remem-
ber, Potatoes have to be fed just like
your hogs, or calves, or poultry, if you
are to get largest yields of best qual-
ty.
Manure is the great farm plant
food supply. It will supply much ne-
essary food to potatoes as well es to
other facet crops. However, in many
of the large potato growing sections,
the growers prefer to put the manure
on land set apart for other crops such
as wheat or meadow, and ,to give the
potatoes their additional food in the
form of fertilizers, Stock manure,
If a horse shows measiness, paws n
little, looks around to the flank, has an
irregular appetite, with evacuation of
small quantities of dry faces, or little
or no motion of the bowels, he is suf-
fering front constipation.
Administer a moderate purgative as
7 drams aloes and 2 drams ginger. n
Peed on bran only until bowels act
freely. Give 2 drams aux vomica 3
times daily, and give rectal injections c
of harm, soapy water every 5 or 6
hours.
Tho principal object in grooming a
horse should be to stimulate the sur-
face of (he body by friction,
If you have a fall colt, get it to eat-
ing ground oats in a little manger by
itself as soon as possible.
Keep the colts well bedded anis
('lean, A manu•e-]aden colt is a re-
buke to its owner.
Never close the stable at night un-
til the mud and ice are all cleaned off
the horses' legs.
I urn wintering a mare and e three-
year-old colt on the stubs loft front
the sheep and a small grain ration
at noon,
A set of chains for use in nn unex-
pented icy time or to got a smooth
shod horse to the shop, is a gopil in-
vestmebt.
The idle evert, horeee ,houid not be
fed so much grain IN when at week,
but they .,Heald have n ,:msll 141,1 .41.
I especially if fresh, forms a splendid
Ilodging place for the spore, or tiny
seeds of the potato scab diseases. A
good fertilizer for potatoes should
carry from 2 to 4 per cent, of am-
monia. It is the nitrogen which forms
' 82 per cent. of the ammonia, which
greatly aids the rapid and sturdy
growth of the potato vine. The potato
fertilizer should also supply from 8
to 10 per cent. of available phosphoric
)acid. It is the phos. acid which
causes the plant to ripen and form
'its tubers. Before the war potato
growers were using from 3 to 10 per
cent, of potash in their potato plant
food. It is this important food which
aids the starch to form and fill out
'the tuber. Under present conditions
!potato fertilizers had best curry 1 to
3 per cent. of potash.
' If you have a quantity of wood
!ashes you will do exceedingly well to
scatter it on your potato seedbed and
to work it into the soil. Well -stored
wood ashes carries from 2 to 3 per
cent. potash,
Flow much shall you use?
Prof. Zavitz at the recent conven-
tion of the Ontario Experimental
Union reported that as a result of 95
tests of potato fertilizers throughout
the province (luring the last 5 years,
the experimenters obtained an aver-
age yield of 122.4 bus. per acre with-
out fertilizers, and 141.3 bus, per
acre where 320 lbs. of fertilizer was
applied, and 161.9 bus. per acre
where 960 lbs, of fertilizer was added.
Dir. Woods of Maine Exp. Sta, be-
gan a special fertilizer experiment in
1916 testing low potato fertilizers for
Maine potatoes, On one test where
potatoes followed sod lie applied 150(1
lbs, of fertilizer to the acro, and har-
vested the following:
Field
Per A. Plot Trealme„t hush per .1,
1500 -lbs. fertilizer supplying nitro- i
gen and available ph.'sphorie
geld, but no potash 9�G
15an lbs. fertiliser nnaiv;,infi
SOUP
.drahlea.
Conceac e ,.6Y/fro ,Yd'(ers 1 cw
Mothers and daughters of ail ages are cordially Invited to write to this
department. Initials only will be published with each question and its
answer se a means of identification but full name and address must be
given In each letter. Write on one aide of paper only. Answers will bo
malted direct if stamped and addreseed envelope Is enclosed.
Address all correspondence for this department to Mrs. Helen Law, 7$
Castle Frank Road, Toronto.
Business Girl: ---1. IL i.=. impossible
to mix business with pleasure suc-
cessfully. All day in en office argil
all evening at the social game burns
the candle at both ends, and spells
disaster. An occasional dissipation is
stimulating to all of us, and the tem-
porary loss of sleep it entails can be
made up; it is the camtant dra}n that
tells. 2. If a girl who is entertaining
another girl at her home receives an
invitation to a party, she may with
perfect propriety ask the hostess for
permission to bring her guest.
Violet: --1. A cup of but water or
cocoa taken before retiring will sooth
the nerves, and induce sleep. 2, For
a sallow skin, eliminate sweets, pas-
tries, rich gravies, fried foods, fat
meats, and use fruits and green vege-'
tables as much as possible. Drink!
two glasses of water (hot) on rising,
two more about 11 o'clock, two in the
early evening and two before retiring.
Mrs. L. H.:--1. Probably lack of
flavor in the meat is due to the manner
of cooking. Have the oven very hot!
at first, then the meat will be seared
on the outside, and this will keep the
juices in. After twenty minutes the
temperature of the oven can be con-!
siderably lowered. Steak., and chops
should be put into very hot pans, and
turned quickly, then temperature low-
ered. Meet should be seasoned just
before it has finished cooking. 2.
Scrambled eggs become watery when
they cue allowed to cook too long.
Teacher: ---The "Teutonic" territory
1 occupied by the Allies is about 748,-
1860 square miles, including captured
colonies. The "Allied" territory oc-
'ruined by the Central Powers Is about
125,000 square miles,
Mrs. B. K.:—An emery wheel on a
sewing machine is most useful for
sharpening knives and lead pencils.
Get a roll of half -inert adhesive tape
from the drug store, cut off a strip
!just long -enough to reach. around the
small wheel of the machine and press
it firmly to the metal, Next, cut a
strip of fine emery cloth the same
length and width and glue to the tape,
then wind the wheel all around with a
strip of tape or muslin to hold in
place until the glue is dry, which will
take a day or so, when it may be
removed. When worn out another
strip of emery cloth can be glued
over the first. When using the emery
wheel adjust as for filling a bobbin.
Miss G. L. B.:—The colors for
spring are pretty, navy blue, and all
shades of grey. a new green called
spruce green, and Copenhagen blue.
Wool and silk embroidery in bright
lines of gold yellow, chinese blue,
Persian pink, and jade green are used
on hats and dresses. Pockets are
large and appear in pairs, one at eith-
er side of the skirt or coat. Pleats
and tucks are in favor. Skirts no
longer flare but take an mivard curve
'around the ankles.
THE SUNDAY SCHOOL
INTERNATIONAL LESSON
FEBRUARY 23.
Lesson VIII. Jesus At The Pool Of
Bethesda—John 5. 1-15. Golden
Text—John 5. 15.
Verse 1. A feast—Some good auth-
orities have the feast; that is, Taber-
nacles, clearly, in any case, the
Evangelist sees no significance in the
Particular feast, which belongs to the
old order (hence of the Jews). It
gave Jesus an opportunity of meeting
great crowds in the temper of worship,
2. By the sheep pool, the (pool]
which—So read, without altering the
pronunciation of the Greek text.
Hebrew—That is, Aramaic, as often,
Bethesda—There is considerable varia-
tion among the authorities. Porches
Covered shelters to keep the sun off.
! —3. The interesting gloss at the end
of this verse seems to have arisen
early and in Palestine. It is drawn
from local folklore, and its omission
by the oldest copies rids us of a great
difficulty: the Evangelist no longer
guarantees an absolutely nonmoral
miracle! "Each man for himself" was,
the motto of the crowd, and the best'
`,legs carried off the prize. No doubt
there were geniune mind cures there
as at other holy wells: superstition as
well as faith can influence the body
witness "Christian" "Science" to-
day!
5. Symbolic interpreters make much'
of the thirty-eight: like the Israelites
of old, he had lived thirty-eight years
in the desert before he came into his'
promised land! Unless we are out for.
discrediting the narrative, it is better
to recognize a little touch of detail;
such as as an eyewitness loves,
6. The Lord's question seems
strangely superfluous! But he asked
-
Bartimaius one much like it. By such
simple questions he drew out the man's
state of mind; the very expression of
the need wax a preparation for meet-
ing
eeting it.
7. Troubled— The Evangelist does
not stop to explain the allusion, which
does not concern him. It may have
been an intermittent spring; Or pos-
sibly (es Dr. Dondel Harris suggests)
the world-wide notion of getting "the
luck of the water" on New Year's Day.
(See Expositor, Derembe', 1tlOd,)
8, Compare Mark 2. 11. The millet'
(margin) might have been a mere mat,
but the word itself (one from the vul-
gar tongue) rather suggests a light.
frame, such as we see in India.
10. People who could solemnly dis-!
cuss whether a man with a wooden leg
night carry that burden on the Sab-
bath—such was the national lack of',
humor! --fastened on this breath of!
their law. Jesus could have told the'
man to fetch his property next day!!
But he regularly set himself to dis-
credit it law which made the Sabbath ,
a weariness instead of a delight.
11. One who could do stele a deed
must have God's authority to regulate
the Sabbath. It is the same atti-
tude a that of the blind man In John'.
9.133.. 14, In the temple ^Returning tt,
give glory to God." This is a key to
ve: so 15, where the man thinks he
silences objectors by mentioning the
name of him who had mediated God's
gift. Sin no more—Not that sin had
directly caused his trouble (John 9.
3), But sin would bring, here and
hereafter, it worse thing than even all
years of helplessness.
5.6 ammonia
Available Ph"s, -1•'kl
Potash 424
in applying fertilizers, as a rule
not more than 400 lbs. should be sown
in the potato chill or furrow. Amounts
in excess of this should be sown
broadcast over the potato seedbed and
carefully harrowed or disked into the
soil before the potato drills are
"struck" or the crop is planted. Of
course the potato planter, with fertil-
izer dropping attachment deposits the
fertilizer in the row, to best advent -
age.
Proper potato fertilization is un-
doubtedly the secret of big yields. It'
is the measure that Britishagr rt
i tl-
twists are so strongly advocating at
this moment. As long as they were
able to obtain available phosphoric
acid, potato fertilization was what
made it possible for Britain's enemy ;
to produce such quantities of potato'
food for man and beast,
5th—Control potato disease.
This is the great perquisite that to-
gether with the foregoing means lar-'
gest yields and best quality potatoes.'
This paper is already long, hence we
shall delay discussion of this large
subject for a subsequent ueut ar icl
e.
Remember that well drained land,
plentifully supplied with hums, en -
niched with suitable available fertil-
izer produces largest crops of best
quality potatoes, if good seed is plant-
ed and care is taken to control dis-
ease and insect posts.
A Counter Move. STRAW AS FODDER,
A popular trooper in an Australian
cavalry contingent owned a large
tract of land on which his present
colonel had worked for all a week be-
fore the war. '!'het reaper went be-
fore his CD, for a smell offence, and
the penalty was fixed et a severe re-
primand and two days' pay stopped.
"I'm sorry," the colonel told hie late
employer in a friendly way afterwards,
"But Won' 14 ever, you know, and I can-
not overlook things." "All right,"
said the trooper."I don't think 1
de er\'ed 11, so 1 hove cabled to my
1" stop the money out of your
In effect, a recent bulletin of tho
United States Department of Agri-
culture asks why the American farm-
er cannot pub straw to the same use
as it is put by the European farmer,
In Europe the farmer knows as well
as the American farmer that straw is
not liked by stock, but instead of
burning it, or otherwise wasting it,
the European farmer chops it up,
mixes it with beets, mangels, silage,
or other feeds, and makes it so palate
able that it ran be fed to good advant-
age. 'aceeeitasee
Fibre From a Flower.
Fibre useful in textiles and cord-
age has been extracted from the ven-
ter hyacinth of Indo-(1hina by a
Frenchman.
The Bedtime Story
THE HAPPY CHICK.
Blim, blim, blim!
"Oh, Mother, dear! I hear some one
knocking outside the coop. I must
run out and see who it is," Charlie
Chick started from under his mother's
wing with a rush.
"Wait, wait! Take it calmly. Let
me peek out and see who it is. You
must not be too hasty. especially when
you are young," said Mrs, Plymouth
Rock, cuddling Charlie under her wing
ae she peeked out of the coop.
"Ah! I tolyl you so. It is Rover,
the big dog, gnawing at a bone back
of our home. You must beware of
dogs and cats." Mrs. Plymouth Rock
settled herself once more and Charlie
closed his eyes for a nap. When he
woke up he stretched his wing over
his little leg and yawned. Then he
asked:
"Mother, why door a dog have
horns?"
"Borns? Borns? I did not know
that a dog bud horns—do you mean
ears?" asked Charlie's mother, laugh-
ing.
"Yes; that must be it. But why
haven't I borne or ears that stick
ant.""
.'You do not need them, my dear.
Mother Nature does not want us to be
burdened with things which are of no
use to us, A dog needs his ears to
hear with. They are placed where
they will retch all the sounds that
come to him. He must hear the rustle
of the grass which tells him that a
rabbit is near." Irirs. Plymouth Rock
looked lovingly at her sot and cuddled
hire once more under her wing.
All was quiet far a time and then
Charlie Chick poked h}s head out from
under Itis mother's wing and said,
"How may we know our enemies,
mohr,
�
t e dear ."
"My child, you ask a lot of , ues-
tions"for a tiny chick; still, you will
never lea.ru if you do not ask. Be-
ware of things which have four legs.
Beware of birds that fly in the air, lest
you chance to fall into the claws of a
hawk. Keep your ears open, even if
they do not stick out like a dog's,
for the shrill cr'y of the hawk will
warn you when you are in danger."
"Thank you," replied Charlie Chick,
as he sauntered forth into the lot.
By and by he saw something mov-
ing toward him. Remembering what
his mother had said, he looked and
snw that the object had two legs.
Sure enough! It was Buddie from' the
big house coming to feed the thickens.
Such u scampering in the hen yard!
Charlie was soon surrounded by at lot
of otter chickens, till hent on having
their share of corn. When he and
his mother hed eaten their fill, they
both wens back 10 the eonp and
Chnvilie said;
"I saw Buddie coming and 1 knew
that he was a frieucl because he had
turn legs; but, other, 41000', he did
not have. cars bike Rover•,"
"No,"- anicl Mos, Plymouth Bark,
Softly, •'but we must not try to tell
our friends by their ears or eyes, but
by the kindness tshioh they chow to-
ward a A.1. -,.r Keying this Charlie's
mother peeked under her wing and
found that he was fast wheel).
"How happy is childhood!" she saki
to herself. 'nut is the way
should be,"
FROM MET COAST
WHAT THE WESTERN PEOPLE
ARE DOING.
Progress of the Great Brest Told
in a Few Pointed
Paragraphs.
A Nanaimo boy, It, Ceowe-Sword,
has been awarded the Military medal.
Burnaby ratepayers will be called
upon to provide $36,850 for educa-
tional purposes.
Estimates place number of regia-
tration cards sent east from British
Columbia at 60,000.
Over $16,000 has already been
pledged for the returned soldiers'
home at Vancouver,
I Horned Arctic owls ate the much.
admired black swan at the Stanley
Park Zoo, Vancouver.
Seventy families • were provided
with coal from the city bunkers at
False Creek, during the temporary
shortage there.
Mission City has passed a resolu-
tion in favor of the reimposition of
the poll tax, proceeds to be used for
returned soldiers.
The shingle industry Jn Lynn Val-
ley, in the district of North Van-
couver, is developing into considerable
proportions.
The Chinese lottery raid, causing
many prisoners to be kept at the
provincial jail, cost the province
of British Columbia $1,076.
At New Westminster, B.C., the
customs show a record advance, re-
turns being about double the amount
for the same period last year.
C. C. Worsfold, government district
engineer, New Westminster, has of-
ficially taken over the big sea wall
on behalf of the Government.
A grant of $1,0110 has been applied
for by the water commissioner, to
repair the dam at Elk Lake, which
has been pronounced very unsafe.
I The Russian Polish Jewish Society
of Victoria is giving great publicity
to the appeal for the famished and
homeless Ruseian Jews of Poland.
Both the province of British CoI-
urhie and the city of Vancouver now
rank among the manufacturing dis-
tricts of Canada, according to statis-
tics.
According to recent reports from
the Cheakamus River fishermen of
these parts are in for a good time
es soon as the snow begins to melt
from the hills.
At New Westminster, a deputation
waited upon Col. J. D. Taylor, M,P.,
in connection with the proposal to
build a highway along the internation-
al boundary.
The farmers of Ni:;omen Island are
waiting upon the Government to ask
them to urge energetic action for their
proteetiun against floods from the
Fraser River.
'''Ilk; PRACTICE OF ECONOMY.
The True Meaning of Thrift and of
the Nord Extravagance.
,Just now when everyone is being
admonished to save, save, save, to
practise economy on a scale voter
i dreamed of in times past, the word
!extravagance takes on a new mean-
ing. There is always considerable
confusion of the proper meaning of
the word. Many people connect ex-
travagance with the spending of large
sums of money, while actually tine
amount of money involved in any
!transaction has nothing to do with the
matter of extravagant expenditure.
When time, money and labor, which
are needed for individual or general
requirements are diverted to unasaou-
tials, this is extravagance.
Spending five cents for something
unneeded when there is no other five
cents for the thing that is needed is
extravagance. Paying many dollars
for something to gratify a personal
taste is not necessarily extravagant
because of the money spent or of the
non -utilitarian character of what ' is
purchased. It only becomes extrava-
gance when the dollars are needed
for something required d for personal
or fancily well-being or when labor
and capital which ought to be devoted
to producing necessities are diverted
to producing non -essentials. A wealthy
person buys a rare book, and there
is no extravagance, since the money is
!current and the hook has not lessen-
ed productive forces. If a wealthy per.
eon buys much more of foodstuffs
than is needed, at a time when food-
stuffs are generally needed, and if
that surplus is wasted, there is extra-
vagance, not because of the money
spent,of the but because waste.
Many are extravagant not because
they spend eo much as they waste so
mach. Anthony Hope once defined
economy as "going without some-
! thing you want now so that you may
have something you won't want some
time in the 'future." There are many
who act as if they subscribed to this
philosophy. What is inveighed against
now is lark of thrift, and this means
wastefuinesr. What we eeecl is a
sensible standard of values, so that
we may conserve the present prose
perity for the things which really
count, eousn'te that WO may give to
the nation,
'~tilea(. Eaters.
It is estimated that Americans aro
the greatest meat eaters, the consume•
Lion being averaged at 172 pounds pet•
lean or women a year, 119 in England,
113 in Germany, 80 in France and Mee
' ' iif in Austria-Hungary, 50 hi
is a, and 10 in Spttin